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Núñez-Enríquez JC, Fajardo-Gutiérrez A, Buchán-Durán EP, Bernáldez-Ríos R, Medina-Sansón A, Jiménez-Hernández E, Amador-Sanchez R, Peñaloza-Gonzalez JG, Paredes-Aguilera R, Alvarez-Rodriguez FJ, Bolea-Murga V, de Diego Flores-Chapa J, Flores-Lujano J, Bekker-Mendez VC, Rivera-Luna R, Del Carmen Rodriguez-Zepeda M, Rangel-López A, Dorantes-Acosta EM, Núñez-Villegas N, Velazquez-Aviña MM, Torres-Nava JR, Reyes-Zepeda NC, Cárdenas-Cardos R, Flores-Villegas LV, Martinez-Avalos A, Salamanca-Gómez F, Gorodezky C, Arellano-Galindo J, Mejía-Aranguré JM. Allergy and acute leukaemia in children with Down syndrome: a population study. Report from the Mexican inter-institutional group for the identification of the causes of childhood leukaemia. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:2334-8. [PMID: 23695017 PMCID: PMC3681010 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergies have been described as protective factors against the development of childhood acute leukaemia (AL). Our objective was to investigate the associations between allergy history and the development of AL and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in children with Down syndrome (DS). METHODS A case-control study was performed in Mexico City. The cases (n=97) were diagnosed at nine public hospitals, and the controls (n=222) were recruited at institutions for children with DS. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated. RESULTS Asthma was positively associated with AL development (OR=4.18; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.47-11.87), whereas skin allergies were negatively associated (OR=0.42; 95% CI: 0.20-0.91). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that allergies and AL in children with DS share biological and immune mechanisms. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting associations between allergies and AL in children with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Núñez-Enríquez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Epidemiologia Clínica, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional (CMN) Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, México D.F. 06720, México.
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Haemmerling S, Behnisch W, Doerks T, Korbel JO, Bork P, Moog U, Hentze S, Grasshoff U, Bonin M, Rieß O, Janssen JWG, Jauch A, Bartram CR, Reinhardt D, Koch KA, Bandapalli OR, Kulozik AE. A 15q24 microdeletion in transient myeloproliferative disease (TMD) and acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia (AMKL) implicates PML and SUMO3 in the leukaemogenesis of TMD/AMKL. Br J Haematol 2012; 157:180-7. [PMID: 22296450 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) of the newborn and acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia (AMKL) in children with Down syndrome (DS) represent paradigmatic models of leukaemogenesis. Chromosome 21 gene dosage effects and truncating mutations of the X-chromosomal transcription factor GATA1 synergize to trigger TMD and AMKL in most patients. Here, we report the occurrence of TMD, which spontaneously remitted and later progressed to AMKL in a patient without DS but with a distinct dysmorphic syndrome. Genetic analysis of the leukaemic clone revealed somatic trisomy 21 and a truncating GATA1 mutation. The analysis of the patient's normal blood cell DNA on a genomic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array revealed a de novo germ line 2·58 Mb 15q24 microdeletion including 41 known genes encompassing the tumour suppressor PML. Genomic context analysis of proteins encoded by genes that are included in the microdeletion, chromosome 21-encoded proteins and GATA1 suggests that the microdeletion may trigger leukaemogenesis by disturbing the balance of a hypothetical regulatory network of normal megakaryopoiesis involving PML, SUMO3 and GATA1. The 15q24 microdeletion may thus represent the first genetic hit to initiate leukaemogenesis and implicates PML and SUMO3 as novel components of the leukaemogenic network in TMD/AMKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Haemmerling
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Haematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
Geneticists estimate that 5% to 10% of all cancers diagnosed in the pediatric age range occur in children born with a genetic mutation that directly increases their lifetime risk for neoplasia. However, despite the fact that only a fraction of cancers in children occur as a result of an identified inherited predisposition, characterizing genetic mutations responsible for increased cancer risk in such syndromes has resulted in a profound understanding of relevant molecular pathways involved in carcinogenesis and/or resistance to neoplasia. Importantly, because most cancer predisposition syndromes result in an increased risk of a small number of defined malignancies, personalized prophylactic surveillance and preventive measures can be implemented in affected patients. Lastly, many of the same genetic targets identified from cancer-prone families are mechanistically involved in the majority of sporadic cancers in adults and children, thereby underscoring the clinical relevance of knowledge gained from these defined syndromes and introducing novel therapeutic opportunities to the broader oncologic community. This review highlights the clinical and genetic features of many of the known constitutional genetic syndromes that predispose to malignancy in children and young adults.
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Arnold S, Pelet A, Amiel J, Borrego S, Hofstra R, Tam P, Ceccherini I, Lyonnet S, Sherman S, Chakravarti A. Interaction between a chromosome 10 RET enhancer and chromosome 21 in the Down syndrome-Hirschsprung disease association. Hum Mutat 2009; 30:771-5. [PMID: 19306335 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) display a 40-fold greater risk of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) than the general population of newborns implicating chromosome 21 in HSCR etiology. Here we demonstrate that the RET enhancer polymorphism RET+9.7 (rs2435357:C>T) at chromosome 10q11.2 is associated with HSCR in DS individuals both by transmission disequilibrium (P=0.0015) and case-control (P=0.0115) analysis of matched cases. Interestingly, the RET+9.7 T allele frequency is significantly different between individuals with DS alone (0.26+/-0.04), HSCR alone (0.61+/-0.04), and those with HSCR and DS (0.41+/-0.04), demonstrating an association and interaction between RET and chromosome 21 gene dosage. This is the first report of a genetic interaction between a common functional variant (rs2435357) and a not infrequent copy number error (chromosome 21 dosage) in two human developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Arnold
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Ha JS, Lee WM, Kim JH, Ryoo NH, Jeon DS, Kim JR, Kim HS, Choi BK. GATA1Mutation in Transient Myeloproliferative Disorder of Down Syndrome. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.5045/kjh.2008.43.1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Sook Ha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Deagu, Korea
| | - Won Mok Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Deagu, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Deagu, Korea
| | - Nam Hee Ryoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Deagu, Korea
| | - Dong Suk Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Deagu, Korea
| | - Jae Ryong Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Deagu, Korea
| | - Heung Sik Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Deagu, Korea
| | - Byung Kyu Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Deagu, Korea
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Xu G, Kanezaki R, Toki T, Watanabe S, Takahashi Y, Terui K, Kitabayashi I, Ito E. Physical association of the patient-specific GATA1 mutants with RUNX1 in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia accompanying Down syndrome. Leukemia 2006; 20:1002-8. [PMID: 16628190 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of the GATA1 gene on chromosome X have been found in almost all cases of transient myeloproliferative disorder and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) accompanying Down syndrome (DS). Although most GATA1 mutations lead to the expression of GATA1s lacking the N-terminal activation domain, we recently found two novel GATA1 proteins with defects in another N-terminal region. It has been suggested that loss of the N-terminal portion of GATA1 might interfere with physiological interactions with the critical megakaryocytic transcription factor RUNX1, and this would imply that GATA1s is not able to interact properly with RUNX1. However, the interaction domain of GATA1 remains controversial. In this study, we show that GATA1 binds to RUNX1 through its zinc-finger domains, and that the C-finger is indispensable for synergy with RUNX1. All of the patient-specific GATA1 mutants interacted efficiently with RUNX1 and retained their ability to act synergistically with RUNX1 on the megakaryocytic GP1balpha promoter, whereas the levels of transcriptional activities were diverse among the mutants. Thus, our data indicate that physical interaction and synergy between GATA1 and RUNX1 are retained in DS-AMKL, although it is still possible that increased RUNX1 activity plays a role in the development of leukemia in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Xu
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Rainis L, Toki T, Pimanda JE, Rosenthal E, Machol K, Strehl S, Göttgens B, Ito E, Izraeli S. The proto-oncogene ERG in megakaryoblastic leukemias. Cancer Res 2005; 65:7596-602. [PMID: 16140924 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploidy is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Acquired additions of chromosome 21 are a common finding in leukemias, suggesting a contributory role to leukemogenesis. About 10% of patients with a germ line trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) are born with transient megakaryoblastic leukemia. We and others have shown acquired mutations in the X chromosome gene GATA1 in all these cases. The gene or genes on chromosome 21 whose overexpression promote the megakaryoblastic phenotype are presently unknown. We propose that ERG, an Ets transcription factor situated on chromosome 21, is one such candidate. We show that ERG is expressed in hematopoietic stem cells, megakaryoblastic cell lines, and in primary leukemic cells from Down syndrome patients. ERG expression is induced upon megakaryocytic differentiation of the erythroleukemia cell lines K562 and UT-7, and forced expression of ERG in K562 cells induces erythroid to megakaryoblastic phenotypic switch. We also show that ERG activates the gpIb megakaryocytic promoter and binds the gpIIb promoter in vivo. Furthermore, both ERG and ETS2 bind in vivo the hematopoietic enhancer of SCL/TAL1, a key regulator of hematopoietic stem cell and megakaryocytic development. We propose that trisomy 21 facilitates the occurrence of megakaryoblastic leukemias through a shift toward the megakaryoblastic lineage caused by the excess expression of ERG, and possibly by other chromosome 21 genes, such as RUNX1 and ETS2, in hematopoietic progenitor cells, coupled with a differentiation arrest caused by the acquisition of mutations in GATA1.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors
- Cell Lineage
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors
- GATA1 Transcription Factor
- HeLa Cells
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/pathology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oncogene Proteins/biosynthesis
- Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- T-Cell Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Protein 1
- Trans-Activators/biosynthesis
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcriptional Regulator ERG
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Rainis
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Safra Children's Hospital and Hematology Institute, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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Crispino JD. GATA1 mutations in Down syndrome: implications for biology and diagnosis of children with transient myeloproliferative disorder and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2005; 44:40-4. [PMID: 15390312 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.20066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although physicians have known for many decades that children with Down syndrome are predisposed to developing transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL), many questions regarding these disorders remain unresolved. First, what is the relationship between TMD and AMKL? Second, what specific genetic alterations contribute to the leukemic process? Finally, what factors lead to the increased predisposition to these myeloid disorders? In this review I will summarize important new insights into the biology of TMD and AMKL gained from the recent discovery that GATA1, a gene that encodes an essential hematopoietic transcription factor, is mutated in the leukemic blasts from nearly all patients with these malignancies. In addition, I will discuss whether assaying for the presence of a GATA1 mutation can aid in the diagnosis of these and related megakaryoblastic leukemias. Future research aimed at defining the activity of mutant GATA-1 protein and identifying interacting factors encoded by chromosome 21 will likely lead to an even greater understanding of this intriguing leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Crispino
- Ben May Institute for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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Gurbuxani S, Vyas P, Crispino JD. Recent insights into the mechanisms of myeloid leukemogenesis in Down syndrome. Blood 2003; 103:399-406. [PMID: 14512321 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-05-1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
GATA-1 is the founding member of a transcription factor family that regulates growth and maturation of a diverse set of tissues. GATA-1 is expressed primarily in hematopoietic cells and is essential for proper development of erythroid cells, megakaryocytes, eosinophils, and mast cells. Although loss of GATA-1 leads to differentiation arrest and apoptosis of erythroid progenitors, absence of GATA-1 promotes accumulation of immature megakaryocytes. Recently, we and others have reported that mutagenesis of GATA1 is an early event in Down syndrome (DS) leukemogenesis. Acquired mutations in GATA1 were detected in the vast majority of patients with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (DS-AMKL) and in nearly every patient with transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD), a "preleukemia" that may be present in as many as 10% of infants with DS. Although the precise pathway by which mutagenesis of GATA1 contributes to leukemia is unknown, these findings confirm that GATA1 plays an important role in both normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Future studies to define the mechanism that results in the high frequency of GATA1 mutations in DS and the role of altered GATA1 in TMD and DS-AMKL will shed light on the multistep pathway in human leukemia and may lead to an increased understanding of why children with DS are markedly predisposed to leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Gurbuxani
- University of Chicago, 924 E 57th St, Rm R116, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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