1
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Bassi I, Grunspan M, Hen G, Ravichandran KA, Moshe N, Gutierrez-Miranda L, Safriel SR, Kostina D, Shen A, Ruiz de Almodovar C, Yaniv K. Endolysosomal dysfunction in radial glia progenitor cells leads to defective cerebral angiogenesis and compromised blood-brain barrier integrity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8158. [PMID: 39289367 PMCID: PMC11408700 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52365-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a complex multicellular structure that helps maintain cerebral homeostasis and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. While extensive evidence links NVU alterations to cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegeneration, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we use zebrafish embryos carrying a mutation in Scavenger Receptor B2, a highly conserved endolysosomal protein expressed predominantly in Radial Glia Cells (RGCs), to investigate the interplay among different NVU components. Through live imaging and genetic manipulations, we demonstrate that compromised acidification of the endolysosomal compartment in mutant RGCs leads to impaired Notch3 signaling, thereby inducing excessive neurogenesis and reduced glial differentiation. We further demonstrate that alterations to the neuron/glia balance result in impaired VEGF and Wnt signaling, leading to severe vascular defects, hemorrhages, and a leaky BBB. Altogether, our findings provide insights into NVU formation and function and offer avenues for investigating diseases involving white matter defects and vascular abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bassi
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Moshe Grunspan
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gideon Hen
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kishore A Ravichandran
- Institute for Neurovascular Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Noga Moshe
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Laura Gutierrez-Miranda
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Stav R Safriel
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daria Kostina
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amitay Shen
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Carmen Ruiz de Almodovar
- Institute for Neurovascular Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Schlegel Chair for Neurovascular Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karina Yaniv
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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2
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Arner A, Ettinger A, Blaser BW, Schmid B, Jeremias I, Rostam N, Binder-Blaser V. In vivo monitoring of leukemia-niche interactions in a zebrafish xenograft model. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309415. [PMID: 39213296 PMCID: PMC11364250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of malignancy in children. ALL prognosis after initial diagnosis is generally good; however, patients suffering from relapse have a poor outcome. The tumor microenvironment is recognized as an important contributor to relapse, yet the cell-cell interactions involved are complex and difficult to study in traditional experimental models. In the present study, we established an innovative larval zebrafish xenotransplantation model, that allows the analysis of leukemic cells (LCs) within an orthotopic niche using time-lapse microscopic and flow cytometric approaches. LCs homed, engrafted and proliferated within the hematopoietic niche at the time of transplant, the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT). A specific dissemination pattern of LCs within the CHT was recorded, as they extravasated over time and formed clusters close to the dorsal aorta. Interactions of LCs with macrophages and endothelial cells could be quantitatively characterized. This zebrafish model will allow the quantitative analysis of LCs in a functional and complex microenvironment, to study mechanisms of niche mediated leukemogenesis, leukemia maintenance and relapse development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Arner
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Ettinger
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells, Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Bradley Wayne Blaser
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Bettina Schmid
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Irmela Jeremias
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Research Unit Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadia Rostam
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Vera Binder-Blaser
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
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3
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Deng P, Liu S, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Kong Y, Liu L, Xiao Y, Yang S, Hu J, Su J, Xuan A, Xu J, Li H, Su X, Wu J, Jiang Y, Mu Y, Shao Z, Kong C, Li B. Long-working-distance high-collection-efficiency three-photon microscopy for in vivo long-term imaging of zebrafish and organoids. iScience 2024; 27:110554. [PMID: 39184441 PMCID: PMC11342284 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish and organoids, crucial for complex biological studies, necessitate an imaging system with deep tissue penetration, sample protection from environmental interference, and ample operational space. Traditional three-photon microscopy is constrained by short-working-distance objectives and falls short. Our long-working-distance high-collection-efficiency three-photon microscopy (LH-3PM) addresses these challenges, achieving a 58% fluorescence collection efficiency at a 20 mm working distance. LH-3PM significantly outperforms existing three-photon systems equipped with the same long working distance objective, enhancing fluorescence collection and dramatically reducing phototoxicity and photobleaching. These improvements facilitate accurate capture of neuronal activity and an enhanced detection of activity spikes, which are vital for comprehensive, long-term imaging. LH-3PM's imaging of epileptic zebrafish not only showed sustained neuron activity over an hour but also highlighted increased neural synchronization and spike numbers, marking a notable shift in neural coding mechanisms. This breakthrough paves the way for new explorations of biological phenomena in small model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shoupei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yaoguang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yufei Kong
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Pediatrics, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Pediatrics, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yujie Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shasha Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiahao Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jixiong Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ang Xuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinhong Xu
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Pediatrics, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huijuan Li
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Pediatrics, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoman Su
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingchuan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuli Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Mu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhicheng Shao
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Pediatrics, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cihang Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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4
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Phng LK, Hogan BM. Endothelial cell transitions in zebrafish vascular development. Dev Growth Differ 2024; 66:357-368. [PMID: 39072708 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, developmental biologists have come to view vascular development as a series of progressive transitions. Mesoderm differentiates into endothelial cells; arteries, veins and lymphatic endothelial cells are specified from early endothelial cells; and vascular networks diversify and invade developing tissues and organs. Our understanding of this elaborate developmental process has benefitted from detailed studies using the zebrafish as a model system. Here, we review a number of key developmental transitions that occur in zebrafish during the formation of the blood and lymphatic vessel networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Kun Phng
- Laboratory for Vascular Morphogenesis, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Benjamin M Hogan
- Organogenesis and Cancer Programme, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology and the Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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5
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Castranova D, Kenton MI, Kraus A, Dell CW, Park JS, Galanternik MV, Park G, Lumbantobing DN, Dye L, Marvel M, Iben J, Taimatsu K, Pham V, Willms RJ, Blevens L, Robertson TF, Hou Y, Huttenlocher A, Foley E, Parenti LR, Frazer JK, Narayan K, Weinstein BM. The axillary lymphoid organ - an external, experimentally accessible immune organ in the zebrafish. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.25.605139. [PMID: 39091802 PMCID: PMC11291151 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.25.605139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Lymph nodes and other secondary lymphoid organs play critical roles in immune surveillance and immune activation in mammals, but the deep internal locations of these organs make it challenging to image and study them in living animals. Here, we describe a previously uncharacterized external immune organ in the zebrafish ideally suited for studying immune cell dynamics in vivo, the axillary lymphoid organ (ALO). This small, translucent organ has an outer cortex teeming with immune cells, an inner medulla with a mesh-like network of fibroblastic reticular cells along which immune cells migrate, and a network of lymphatic vessels draining to a large adjacent lymph sac. Noninvasive high-resolution imaging of transgenically marked immune cells can be carried out in the lobes of living animals, and the ALO is readily accessible to external treatment. This newly discovered tissue provides a superb model for dynamic live imaging of immune cells and their interaction with pathogens and surrounding tissues, including blood and lymphatic vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Castranova
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Madeleine I. Kenton
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Aurora Kraus
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Christopher W. Dell
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA and Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jong S. Park
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Marina Venero Galanternik
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Gilseung Park
- Section of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Daniel N. Lumbantobing
- Division of Fishes, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Louis Dye
- Microscopy and Imaging Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Miranda Marvel
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - James Iben
- Molecular Genomics Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Kiyohito Taimatsu
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Van Pham
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Reegan J. Willms
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lucas Blevens
- Section of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Tanner F. Robertson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Yiran Hou
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Edan Foley
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lynne R. Parenti
- Division of Fishes, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - J. Kimble Frazer
- Section of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kedar Narayan
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA and Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Brant M. Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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6
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Chen J, Ding J, Li Y, Feng F, Xu Y, Wang T, He J, Cang J, Luo L. Epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 drives brain lymphatic endothelial cell development through integrin αvβ3. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5986. [PMID: 39013903 PMCID: PMC11252342 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50389-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In zebrafish, brain lymphatic endothelial cells (BLECs) are essential for meningeal angiogenesis and cerebrovascular regeneration. Although epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (Egfl7) has been reported to act as a pro-angiogenic factor, its roles in lymphangiogenesis remain unclear. Here, we show that Egfl7 is expressed in both blood and lymphatic endothelial cells. We generate an egfl7 cq180 mutant with a 13-bp-deletion in exon 3 leading to reduced expression of Egfl7. The egfl7 cq180 mutant zebrafish exhibit defective formation of BLEC bilateral loop-like structures, although trunk and facial lymphatic development remains unaffected. Moreover, while the egfl7 cq180 mutant displays normal BLEC lineage specification, the migration and proliferation of these cells are impaired. Additionally, we identify integrin αvβ3 as the receptor for Egfl7. αvβ3 is expressed in the CVP and sprouting BLECs, and blocking this integrin inhibits the formation of BLEC bilateral loop-like structures. Thus, this study identifies a role for Egfl7 in BLEC development that is mediated through the integrin αvβ3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Anaesthesia of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Ding
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongyu Li
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Fujuan Feng
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhang Xu
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianbo He
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Cang
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Anaesthesia of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Anaesthesia of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China.
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7
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Panara V, Varaliová Z, Wilting J, Koltowska K, Jeltsch M. The relationship between the secondary vascular system and the lymphatic vascular system in fish. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38940420 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
New technologies have resulted in a better understanding of blood and lymphatic vascular heterogeneity at the cellular and molecular levels. However, we still need to learn more about the heterogeneity of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems among different species at the anatomical and functional levels. Even the deceptively simple question of the functions of fish lymphatic vessels has yet to be conclusively answered. The most common interpretation assumes a similar dual setup of the vasculature in zebrafish and mammals: a cardiovascular circulatory system, and a lymphatic vascular system (LVS), in which the unidirectional flow is derived from surplus interstitial fluid and returned into the cardiovascular system. A competing interpretation questions the identity of the lymphatic vessels in fish as at least some of them receive their flow from arteries via specialised anastomoses, neither requiring an interstitial source for the lymphatic flow nor stipulating unidirectionality. In this alternative view, the 'fish lymphatics' are a specialised subcompartment of the cardiovascular system, called the secondary vascular system (SVS). Many of the contradictions found in the literature appear to stem from the fact that the SVS develops in part or completely from an embryonic LVS by transdifferentiation. Future research needs to establish the extent of embryonic transdifferentiation of lymphatics into SVS blood vessels. Similarly, more insight is needed into the molecular regulation of vascular development in fish. Most fish possess more than the five vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) genes and three VEGF receptor genes that we know from mice or humans, and the relative tolerance of fish to whole-genome and gene duplications could underlie the evolutionary diversification of the vasculature. This review discusses the key elements of the fish lymphatics versus the SVS and attempts to draw a picture coherent with the existing data, including phylogenetic knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Panara
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
- Beijer Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
- Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 A, Uppsala, 752 36, Sweden
| | - Zuzana Varaliová
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
- Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Jörg Wilting
- Institute of Anatomy and Embryology, University Medical School Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 36, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Koltowska
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
- Beijer Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
| | - Michael Jeltsch
- Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
- Wihuri Research Institute, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
- Helsinki One Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 4, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, Yliopistonkatu 3, Helsinki, 00100, Finland
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8
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Panara V, Yu H, Peng D, Staxäng K, Hodik M, Filipek-Gorniok B, Kazenwadel J, Skoczylas R, Mason E, Allalou A, Harvey NL, Haitina T, Hogan BM, Koltowska K. Multiple cis-regulatory elements control prox1a expression in distinct lymphatic vascular beds. Development 2024; 151:dev202525. [PMID: 38722096 PMCID: PMC11128278 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
During embryonic development, lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) precursors are distinguished from blood endothelial cells by the expression of Prospero-related homeobox 1 (Prox1), which is essential for lymphatic vasculature formation in mouse and zebrafish. Prox1 expression initiation precedes LEC sprouting and migration, serving as the marker of specified LECs. Despite its crucial role in lymphatic development, Prox1 upstream regulation in LECs remains to be uncovered. SOX18 and COUP-TFII are thought to regulate Prox1 in mice by binding its promoter region. However, the specific regulation of Prox1 expression in LECs remains to be studied in detail. Here, we used evolutionary conservation and chromatin accessibility to identify enhancers located in the proximity of zebrafish prox1a active in developing LECs. We confirmed the functional role of the identified sequences through CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis of a lymphatic valve enhancer. The deletion of this region results in impaired valve morphology and function. Overall, our results reveal an intricate control of prox1a expression through a collection of enhancers. Ray-finned fish-specific distal enhancers drive pan-lymphatic expression, whereas vertebrate-conserved proximal enhancers refine expression in functionally distinct subsets of lymphatic endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Panara
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
- Beijer Gene and Neuro Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Hujun Yu
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology and Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Di Peng
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Karin Staxäng
- BioVis Core Facility, Platform EM, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Monika Hodik
- BioVis Core Facility, Platform EM, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Beata Filipek-Gorniok
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Jan Kazenwadel
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Renae Skoczylas
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth Mason
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Amin Allalou
- Uppsala University, Department of Information Technology, Division of Visual Information and Interaction, and SciLifeLab BioImage Informatics Facility, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Natasha L. Harvey
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Tatjana Haitina
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75236, Sweden
| | - Benjamin M. Hogan
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology and Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Katarzyna Koltowska
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
- Beijer Gene and Neuro Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
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9
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Garlisi Torales LD, Sempowski BA, Krikorian GL, Woodis KM, Paulissen SM, Smith CL, Sheppard SE. Central conducting lymphatic anomaly: from bench to bedside. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172839. [PMID: 38618951 PMCID: PMC11014661 DOI: 10.1172/jci172839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Central conducting lymphatic anomaly (CCLA) is a complex lymphatic anomaly characterized by abnormalities of the central lymphatics and may present with nonimmune fetal hydrops, chylothorax, chylous ascites, or lymphedema. CCLA has historically been difficult to diagnose and treat; however, recent advances in imaging, such as dynamic contrast magnetic resonance lymphangiography, and in genomics, such as deep sequencing and utilization of cell-free DNA, have improved diagnosis and refined both genotype and phenotype. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo models have confirmed genetic causes of CCLA, defined the underlying pathogenesis, and facilitated personalized medicine to improve outcomes. Basic, translational, and clinical science are essential for a bedside-to-bench and back approach for CCLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Daniela Garlisi Torales
- Unit on Vascular Malformations, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Sempowski
- Unit on Vascular Malformations, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Georgia L. Krikorian
- Unit on Vascular Malformations, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristina M. Woodis
- Unit on Vascular Malformations, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott M. Paulissen
- Unit on Vascular Malformations, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher L. Smith
- Division of Cardiology, Jill and Mark Fishman Center for Lymphatic Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah E. Sheppard
- Unit on Vascular Malformations, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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10
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Stasi E, Sciascia S, Naretto C, Baldovino S, Roccatello D. Lymphatic System and the Kidney: From Lymphangiogenesis to Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis Development. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2853. [PMID: 38474100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic kidney system plays a crucial role in managing interstitial fluid removal, regulating fluid balance, and tuning immune response. It also assists in the reabsorption of proteins, electrolytes, cytokines, growth factors, and immune cells. Pathological conditions, including tissue damage, excessive interstitial fluid, high blood glucose levels, and inflammation, can initiate lymphangiogenesis-the formation of new lymphatic vessels. This process is associated with various kidney diseases, including polycystic kidney disease, hypertension, ultrafiltration challenges, and complications post-organ transplantation. Although lymphangiogenesis has beneficial effects in removing excess fluid and immune cells, it may also contribute to inflammation and fibrosis within the kidneys. In this review, we aim to discuss the biology of the lymphatic system, from its development and function to its response to disease stimuli, with an emphasis on renal pathophysiology. Furthermore, we explore how innovative treatments targeting the lymphatic system could potentially enhance the management of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Stasi
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases (ERK-Net, ERN-Reconnect and RITA-ERN Member) with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatology and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, ASL Città di Torino and Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Savino Sciascia
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases (ERK-Net, ERN-Reconnect and RITA-ERN Member) with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatology and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, ASL Città di Torino and Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Carla Naretto
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases (ERK-Net, ERN-Reconnect and RITA-ERN Member) with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatology and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, ASL Città di Torino and Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Baldovino
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases (ERK-Net, ERN-Reconnect and RITA-ERN Member) with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatology and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, ASL Città di Torino and Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Roccatello
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases (ERK-Net, ERN-Reconnect and RITA-ERN Member) with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatology and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, ASL Città di Torino and Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy
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11
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Jing Y, Tai Z, Liu JX. Copper nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles impair lymphangiogenesis in zebrafish. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:67. [PMID: 38273312 PMCID: PMC10809531 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic system distributes in almost all vertebrate tissues and organs, and plays important roles in the regulation of body fluid balance, lipid absorption and immune monitoring. Although CuNPs or AgNPs accumulation has been reported to be closely associated with delayed hatching and motor dysfunction in zebrafish embryos, their biological effects on lymphangiogenesis remain unknown. In this study, thoracic duct was observed to be partially absent in both CuNPs and AgNPs stressed zebrafish larvae. Specifically, CuNPs stress induced hypermethylation of E2F7/8 binding sites on CCBE1 promoters via their producing ROS, thereby leading to the reduction of binding enrichment of E2F7/8 on CCBE1 promoter and its subsequently reduced expression, then resulting in defective lymphatic vessel formation. Differently, AgNPs stress induced down-regulated CCBE1 expression via down-regulating mRNA and protein levels of E2F7/8 transcription factors, thereby resulting in defective lymphatic vessel formation. This study may be the first to demonstrate that CuNPs and AgNPs damaged lymphangiogenesis during zebrafish embryogenesis, mechanistically, CuNPs epigenetically regulated the expression of lymphangiogenesis regulator CCBE1 via hypermethylating its promoter binding sites of E2F7/8, while AgNPs via regulating E2F7/8 expression. Meanwhile, overexpression of ccbe1 mRNA effectively rescued the lymphangiogenesis defects in both AgNPs and CuNPs stressed larvae, while overexpression of e2f7/8 mRNA effectively rescued the lymphangiogenesis defects in AgNPs rather than CuNPs stressed larvae. The results in this study will shed some light on the safety assessment of nanomaterials applied in medicine and on the ecological security assessments of nanomaterials. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuanYuan Jing
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - ZhiPeng Tai
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing-Xia Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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12
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Hu Z, Zhao X, Wu Z, Qu B, Yuan M, Xing Y, Song Y, Wang Z. Lymphatic vessel: origin, heterogeneity, biological functions, and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:9. [PMID: 38172098 PMCID: PMC10764842 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels, comprising the secondary circulatory system in human body, play a multifaceted role in maintaining homeostasis among various tissues and organs. They are tasked with a serious of responsibilities, including the regulation of lymph absorption and transport, the orchestration of immune surveillance and responses. Lymphatic vessel development undergoes a series of sophisticated regulatory signaling pathways governing heterogeneous-origin cell populations stepwise to assemble into the highly specialized lymphatic vessel networks. Lymphangiogenesis, as defined by new lymphatic vessels sprouting from preexisting lymphatic vessels/embryonic veins, is the main developmental mechanism underlying the formation and expansion of lymphatic vessel networks in an embryo. However, abnormal lymphangiogenesis could be observed in many pathological conditions and has a close relationship with the development and progression of various diseases. Mechanistic studies have revealed a set of lymphangiogenic factors and cascades that may serve as the potential targets for regulating abnormal lymphangiogenesis, to further modulate the progression of diseases. Actually, an increasing number of clinical trials have demonstrated the promising interventions and showed the feasibility of currently available treatments for future clinical translation. Targeting lymphangiogenic promoters or inhibitors not only directly regulates abnormal lymphangiogenesis, but improves the efficacy of diverse treatments. In conclusion, we present a comprehensive overview of lymphatic vessel development and physiological functions, and describe the critical involvement of abnormal lymphangiogenesis in multiple diseases. Moreover, we summarize the targeting therapeutic values of abnormal lymphangiogenesis, providing novel perspectives for treatment strategy of multiple human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Hu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xushi Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Bicheng Qu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Minxian Yuan
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yanan Xing
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Yongxi Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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13
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Travisano SI, Harrison MRM, Thornton ME, Grubbs BH, Quertermous T, Lien CL. Single-nuclei multiomic analyses identify human cardiac lymphatic endothelial cells associated with coronary arteries in the epicardium. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113106. [PMID: 37676760 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac lymphatic vessels play important roles in fluid homeostasis, inflammation, disease, and regeneration of the heart. The developing cardiac lymphatics in human fetal hearts are closely associated with coronary arteries, similar to those in zebrafish hearts. We identify a population of cardiac lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) that reside in the epicardium. Single-nuclei multiomic analysis of the human fetal heart reveals the plasticity and heterogeneity of the cardiac endothelium. Furthermore, we find that VEGFC is highly expressed in arterial endothelial cells and epicardium-derived cells, providing a molecular basis for the arterial association of cardiac lymphatic development. Using a cell-type-specific integrative analysis, we identify a population of cardiac lymphatic endothelial cells marked by the PROX1 and the lymphangiocrine RELN and enriched in binding motifs of erythroblast transformation specific (ETS) variant (ETV) transcription factors. We report the in vivo molecular characterization of human cardiac lymphatics and provide a valuable resource to understand fetal heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael R M Harrison
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Matthew E Thornton
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Brendan H Grubbs
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ching-Ling Lien
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; Departments of Surgery, Biochemistry, and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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14
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Moleri S, Mercurio S, Pezzotta A, D’Angelo D, Brix A, Plebani A, Lini G, Di Fuorti M, Beltrame M. Lymphatic Defects in Zebrafish sox18 Mutants Are Exacerbated by Perturbed VEGFC Signaling, While Masked by Elevated sox7 Expression. Cells 2023; 12:2309. [PMID: 37759531 PMCID: PMC10527217 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the transcription factor-coding gene SOX18, the growth factor-coding gene VEGFC and its receptor-coding gene VEGFR3/FLT4 cause primary lymphedema in humans. In mammals, SOX18, together with COUP-TFII/NR2F2, activates the expression of Prox1, a master regulator in lymphatic identity and development. Knockdown studies have also suggested an involvement of Sox18, Coup-tfII/Nr2f2, and Prox1 in zebrafish lymphatic development. Mutants in the corresponding genes initially failed to recapitulate the lymphatic defects observed in morphants. In this paper, we describe a novel zebrafish sox18 mutant allele, sa12315, which behaves as a null. The formation of the lymphatic thoracic duct is affected in sox18 homozygous mutants, but defects are milder in both zygotic and maternal-zygotic sox18 mutants than in sox18 morphants. Remarkably, in sox18 mutants, the expression of the closely related sox7 gene is elevated where lymphatic precursors arise. Sox7 could thus mask the absence of a functional Sox18 protein and account for the mild lymphatic phenotype in sox18 mutants, as shown in mice. Partial knockdown of vegfc exacerbates lymphatic defects in sox18 mutants, making them visible in heterozygotes. Our data thus reinforce the genetic interaction between Sox18 and Vegfc in lymphatic development, previously suggested by knockdown studies, and highlight the ability of Sox7 to compensate for Sox18 lymphatic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Moleri
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Mercurio
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Alex Pezzotta
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella D’Angelo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Brix
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Plebani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Lini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marialaura Di Fuorti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Beltrame
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
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15
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Meng Y, Lv T, Zhang J, Shen W, Li L, Li Y, Liu X, Lei X, Lin X, Xu H, Meng A, Jia S. Temporospatial inhibition of Erk signaling is required for lymphatic valve formation. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:342. [PMID: 37691058 PMCID: PMC10493226 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01571-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraluminal lymphatic valves (LVs) and lymphovenous valves (LVVs) are critical to ensure the unidirectional flow of lymphatic fluid. Morphological abnormalities in these valves always cause lymph or blood reflux, and result in lymphedema. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of valve development remains poorly understood. We here report the implication of Efnb2-Ephb4-Rasa1 regulated Erk signaling axis in lymphatic valve development with identification of two new valve structures. Dynamic monitoring of phospho-Erk activity indicated that Erk signaling is spatiotemporally inhibited in some lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) during the valve cell specification. Inhibition of Erk signaling via simultaneous depletion of zygotic erk1 and erk2 or treatment with MEK inhibitor selumetinib causes lymphatic vessel hypoplasia and lymphatic valve hyperplasia, suggesting opposite roles of Erk signaling during these two processes. ephb4b mutants, efnb2a;efnb2b or rasa1a;rasa1b double mutants all have defective LVs and LVVs and exhibit blood reflux into lymphatic vessels with an edema phenotype. Importantly, the valve defects in ephb4b or rasa1a;rasa1b mutants are mitigated with high-level gata2 expression in the presence of MEK inhibitors. Therefore, Efnb2-Ephb4 signaling acts to suppress Erk activation in valve-forming cells to promote valve specification upstream of Rasa1. Not only do our findings reveal a molecular mechanism of lymphatic valve formation, but also provide a basis for the treatment of lymphatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510320, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weimin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xing Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xuguang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hanfang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Anming Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510320, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Shunji Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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16
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Mehrara BJ, Radtke AJ, Randolph GJ, Wachter BT, Greenwel P, Rovira II, Galis ZS, Muratoglu SC. The emerging importance of lymphatics in health and disease: an NIH workshop report. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e171582. [PMID: 37655664 PMCID: PMC10471172 DOI: 10.1172/jci171582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system (LS) is composed of lymphoid organs and a network of vessels that transport interstitial fluid, antigens, lipids, cholesterol, immune cells, and other materials in the body. Abnormal development or malfunction of the LS has been shown to play a key role in the pathophysiology of many disease states. Thus, improved understanding of the anatomical and molecular characteristics of the LS may provide approaches for disease prevention or treatment. Recent advances harnessing single-cell technologies, clinical imaging, discovery of biomarkers, and computational tools have led to the development of strategies to study the LS. This Review summarizes the outcomes of the NIH workshop entitled "Yet to be Charted: Lymphatic System in Health and Disease," held in September 2022, with emphasis on major areas for advancement. International experts showcased the current state of knowledge regarding the LS and highlighted remaining challenges and opportunities to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak J. Mehrara
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrea J. Radtke
- Lymphocyte Biology Section and Center for Advanced Tissue Imaging, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gwendalyn J. Randolph
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brianna T. Wachter
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricia Greenwel
- Division of Digestive Diseases & Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, and
| | - Ilsa I. Rovira
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zorina S. Galis
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Selen C. Muratoglu
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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17
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Rego S, Sanchez G, Da Mesquita S. Current views on meningeal lymphatics and immunity in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:55. [PMID: 37580702 PMCID: PMC10424377 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00645-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an aging-related form of dementia associated with the accumulation of pathological aggregates of amyloid beta and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. These phenomena are accompanied by exacerbated inflammation and marked neuronal loss, which altogether contribute to accelerated cognitive decline. The multifactorial nature of AD, allied to our still limited knowledge of its etiology and pathophysiology, have lessened our capacity to develop effective treatments for AD patients. Over the last few decades, genome wide association studies and biomarker development, alongside mechanistic experiments involving animal models, have identified different immune components that play key roles in the modulation of brain pathology in AD, affecting its progression and severity. As we will relay in this review, much of the recent efforts have been directed to better understanding the role of brain innate immunity, and particularly of microglia. However, and despite the lack of diversity within brain resident immune cells, the brain border tissues, especially the meninges, harbour a considerable number of different types and subtypes of adaptive and innate immune cells. Alongside microglia, which have taken the centre stage as important players in AD research, there is new and exciting evidence pointing to adaptive immune cells, namely T and B cells found in the brain and its meninges, as important modulators of neuroinflammation and neuronal (dys)function in AD. Importantly, a genuine and functional lymphatic vascular network is present around the brain in the outermost meningeal layer, the dura. The meningeal lymphatics are directly connected to the peripheral lymphatic system in different mammalian species, including humans, and play a crucial role in preserving a "healthy" immune surveillance of the CNS, by shaping immune responses, not only locally at the meninges, but also at the level of the brain tissue. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive view on our current knowledge about the meningeal lymphatic vasculature, emphasizing its described roles in modulating CNS fluid and macromolecule drainage, meningeal and brain immunity, as well as glial and neuronal function in aging and in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanon Rego
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Post-baccalaureate Research Education Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Guadalupe Sanchez
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Sandro Da Mesquita
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Post-baccalaureate Research Education Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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18
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Ribeiro A, Rebocho da Costa M, de Sena-Tomás C, Rodrigues EC, Quitéria R, Maçarico T, Rosa Santos SC, Saúde L. Development and repair of blood vessels in the zebrafish spinal cord. Open Biol 2023; 13:230103. [PMID: 37553073 PMCID: PMC10409570 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular system is inefficiently repaired after spinal cord injury (SCI) in mammals, resulting in secondary tissue damage and immune deregulation that contribute to the limited functional recovery. Unlike mammals, zebrafish can repair the spinal cord (SC) and restore motility, but the vascular response to injury has not been investigated. Here, we describe the zebrafish SC blood vasculature, starting in development with the initial vessel ingression in a body size-dependent manner, the acquisition of perivascular support and the establishment of ventral to dorsal blood circulation. The vascular organization grows in complexity and displays multiple barrier specializations in adulthood. After injury, vessels rapidly regrow into the lesion, preceding the glial bridge and axons. Vascular repair involves an early burst of angiogenesis that creates dysmorphic and leaky vessels. Dysfunctional vessels are later removed, as pericytes are recruited and the blood-SC barrier is re-established. This study demonstrates that zebrafish can successfully re-vascularize the spinal tissue, reinforcing the value of this organism as a regenerative model for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ribeiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular—João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028 Portugal
| | - Mariana Rebocho da Costa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular—João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028 Portugal
| | - Carmen de Sena-Tomás
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular—João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028 Portugal
| | - Elsa Charas Rodrigues
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular—João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028 Portugal
| | - Raquel Quitéria
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular—João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028 Portugal
| | - Tiago Maçarico
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular—João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028 Portugal
| | - Susana Constantino Rosa Santos
- Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa (CCUL@RISE), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028 Portugal
| | - Leonor Saúde
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular—João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028 Portugal
- Instituto de Histologia e Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028 Portugal
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19
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Kenney HM, Peng Y, de Mesy Bentley KL, Xing L, Ritchlin CT, Schwarz EM. The Enigmas of Lymphatic Muscle Cells: Where Do They Come From, How Are They Maintained, and Can They Regenerate? Curr Rheumatol Rev 2023; 19:246-259. [PMID: 36705238 PMCID: PMC10257750 DOI: 10.2174/1573397119666230127144711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic muscle cell (LMC) contractility and coverage of collecting lymphatic vessels (CLVs) are integral to effective lymphatic drainage and tissue homeostasis. In fact, defects in lymphatic contractility have been identified in various conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and obesity. However, the fundamental role of LMCs in these pathologic processes is limited, primarily due to the difficulty in directly investigating the enigmatic nature of this poorly characterized cell type. LMCs are a unique cell type that exhibit dual tonic and phasic contractility with hybrid structural features of both vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and cardiac myocytes. While advances have been made in recent years to better understand the biochemistry and function of LMCs, central questions regarding their origins, investiture into CLVs, and homeostasis remain unanswered. To summarize these discoveries, unexplained experimental results, and critical future directions, here we provide a focused review of current knowledge and open questions related to LMC progenitor cells, recruitment, maintenance, and regeneration. We also highlight the high-priority research goal of identifying LMC-specific genes towards genetic conditional- inducible in vivo gain and loss of function studies. While our interest in LMCs has been focused on understanding lymphatic dysfunction in an arthritic flare, these concepts are integral to the broader field of lymphatic biology, and have important potential for clinical translation through targeted therapeutics to control lymphatic contractility and drainage.
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Grants
- R01AG059775,R01AG059775,R01AG059775 NIA NIH HHS
- R01AR056702,R01AR069000,T32AR076950,P30AR069655,R01AR056702,R01AR069000,P30AR069655,T32AR076950,R01AR056702,R01AR069000,T32AR076950,P30AR069655 NIAMS NIH HHS
- P30 AR069655 NIAMS NIH HHS
- R01 AR069000 NIAMS NIH HHS
- T32 GM007356 NIGMS NIH HHS
- R01 AG059775 NIA NIH HHS
- T32GM007356,T32GM007356,T32GM007356,T32GM007356 NIGMS NIH HHS
- T32 AR076950 NIAMS NIH HHS
- R01 AR056702 NIAMS NIH HHS
- F30 AG076326 NIA NIH HHS
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Mark Kenney
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yue Peng
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Karen L. de Mesy Bentley
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lianping Xing
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Christopher T. Ritchlin
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Edward M. Schwarz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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20
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Suarez AC, Hammel JH, Munson JM. Modeling lymphangiogenesis: Pairing in vitro and in vivo metrics. Microcirculation 2023; 30:e12802. [PMID: 36760223 PMCID: PMC10121924 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis is the mechanism by which the lymphatic system develops and expands new vessels facilitating fluid drainage and immune cell trafficking. Models to study lymphangiogenesis are necessary for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and to identify or test new therapeutic agents that target lymphangiogenesis. Across the lymphatic literature, multiple models have been developed to study lymphangiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, lymphangiogenesis can be modeled with varying complexity, from monolayers to hydrogels to explants, with common metrics for characterizing proliferation, migration, and sprouting of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and vessels. In comparison, in vivo models of lymphangiogenesis often use genetically modified zebrafish and mice, with in situ mouse models in the ear, cornea, hind leg, and tail. In vivo metrics, such as activation of LECs, number of new lymphatic vessels, and sprouting, mirror those most used in vitro, with the addition of lymphatic vessel hyperplasia and drainage. The impacts of lymphangiogenesis vary by context of tissue and pathology. Therapeutic targeting of lymphangiogenesis can have paradoxical effects depending on the pathology including lymphedema, cancer, organ transplant, and inflammation. In this review, we describe and compare lymphangiogenic outcomes and metrics between in vitro and in vivo studies, specifically reviewing only those publications in which both testing formats are used. We find that in vitro studies correlate well with in vivo in wound healing and development, but not in the reproductive tract or the complex tumor microenvironment. Considerations for improving in vitro models are to increase complexity with perfusable microfluidic devices, co-cultures with tissue-specific support cells, the inclusion of fluid flow, and pairing in vitro models of differing complexities. We believe that these changes would strengthen the correlation between in vitro and in vivo outcomes, giving more insight into lymphangiogenesis in healthy and pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen C. Suarez
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering & Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Jennifer H. Hammel
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering & Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Jennifer M. Munson
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering & Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
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21
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Grimm L, Mason E, Yu H, Dudczig S, Panara V, Chen T, Bower NI, Paterson S, Rondon Galeano M, Kobayashi S, Senabouth A, Lagendijk AK, Powell J, Smith KA, Okuda KS, Koltowska K, Hogan BM. Single-cell analysis of lymphatic endothelial cell fate specification and differentiation during zebrafish development. EMBO J 2023:e112590. [PMID: 36912146 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
During development, the lymphatic vasculature forms as a second network derived chiefly from blood vessels. The transdifferentiation of embryonic venous endothelial cells (VECs) into lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) is a key step in this process. Specification, differentiation and maintenance of LEC fate are all driven by the transcription factor Prox1, yet the downstream mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We here present a single-cell transcriptomic atlas of lymphangiogenesis in zebrafish, revealing new markers and hallmarks of LEC differentiation over four developmental stages. We further profile single-cell transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility changes in zygotic prox1a mutants that are undergoing a LEC-VEC fate shift. Using maternal and zygotic prox1a/prox1b mutants, we determine the earliest transcriptomic changes directed by Prox1 during LEC specification. This work altogether reveals new downstream targets and regulatory regions of the genome controlled by Prox1 and presents evidence that Prox1 specifies LEC fate primarily by limiting blood vascular and haematopoietic fate. This extensive single-cell resource provides new mechanistic insights into the enigmatic role of Prox1 and the control of LEC differentiation in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Grimm
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Mason
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hujun Yu
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stefanie Dudczig
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Virginia Panara
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tyrone Chen
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Neil I Bower
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Scott Paterson
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Maria Rondon Galeano
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sakurako Kobayashi
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anne Senabouth
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne K Lagendijk
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joseph Powell
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kelly A Smith
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kazuhide S Okuda
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katarzyna Koltowska
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Benjamin M Hogan
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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22
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Patnam M, Dommaraju SR, Masood F, Herbst P, Chang JH, Hu WY, Rosenblatt MI, Azar DT. Lymphangiogenesis Guidance Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications in Pathological States of the Cornea. Cells 2023; 12:319. [PMID: 36672254 PMCID: PMC9856498 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal lymphangiogenesis is one component of the neovascularization observed in several inflammatory pathologies of the cornea including dry eye disease and corneal graft rejection. Following injury, corneal (lymph)angiogenic privilege is impaired, allowing ingrowth of blood and lymphatic vessels into the previously avascular cornea. While the mechanisms underlying pathological corneal hemangiogenesis have been well described, knowledge of the lymphangiogenesis guidance mechanisms in the cornea is relatively scarce. Various signaling pathways are involved in lymphangiogenesis guidance in general, each influencing one or multiple stages of lymphatic vessel development. Most endogenous factors that guide corneal lymphatic vessel growth or regression act via the vascular endothelial growth factor C signaling pathway, a central regulator of lymphangiogenesis. Several exogenous factors have recently been repurposed and shown to regulate corneal lymphangiogenesis, uncovering unique signaling pathways not previously known to influence lymphatic vessel guidance. A strong understanding of the relevant lymphangiogenesis guidance mechanisms can facilitate the development of targeted anti-lymphangiogenic therapeutics for corneal pathologies. In this review, we examine the current knowledge of lymphatic guidance cues, their regulation of inflammatory states in the cornea, and recently discovered anti-lymphangiogenic therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehul Patnam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sunil R. Dommaraju
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Faisal Masood
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Paula Herbst
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jin-Hong Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Wen-Yang Hu
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mark I. Rosenblatt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Dimitri T. Azar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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23
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Mhalhel K, Sicari M, Pansera L, Chen J, Levanti M, Diotel N, Rastegar S, Germanà A, Montalbano G. Zebrafish: A Model Deciphering the Impact of Flavonoids on Neurodegenerative Disorders. Cells 2023; 12:252. [PMID: 36672187 PMCID: PMC9856690 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past century, advances in biotechnology, biochemistry, and pharmacognosy have spotlighted flavonoids, polyphenolic secondary metabolites that have the ability to modulate many pathways involved in various biological mechanisms, including those involved in neuronal plasticity, learning, and memory. Moreover, flavonoids are known to impact the biological processes involved in developing neurodegenerative diseases, namely oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, several flavonoids could be used as adjuvants to prevent and counteract neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Zebrafish is an interesting model organism that can offer new opportunities to study the beneficial effects of flavonoids on neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, the high genome homology of 70% to humans, the brain organization largely similar to the human brain as well as the similar neuroanatomical and neurochemical processes, and the high neurogenic activity maintained in the adult brain makes zebrafish a valuable model for the study of human neurodegenerative diseases and deciphering the impact of flavonoids on those disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Mhalhel
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab., Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Mirea Sicari
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab., Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Lidia Pansera
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab., Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Jincan Chen
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Maria Levanti
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab., Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Nicolas Diotel
- Université de la Réunion, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France
| | - Sepand Rastegar
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Antonino Germanà
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab., Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalbano
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab., Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
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24
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González-Hernández S, Mukouyama YS. Lymphatic vasculature in the central nervous system. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1150775. [PMID: 37091974 PMCID: PMC10119411 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1150775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is considered as an immune privilege organ, based on experiments in the mid 20th century showing that the brain fails to mount an efficient immune response against an allogeneic graft. This suggests that in addition to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the apparent absence of classical lymphatic vasculature in the CNS parenchyma limits the capacity for an immune response. Although this view is partially overturned by the recent discovery of the lymphatic-like hybrid vessels in the Schlemm's canal in the eye and the lymphatic vasculature in the outmost layer of the meninges, the existence of lymphatic vessels in the CNS parenchyma has not been reported. Two potential mechanisms by which lymphatic vasculature may arise in the organs are: 1) sprouting and invasion of lymphatic vessels from the surrounding tissues into the parenchyma and 2) differentiation of blood endothelial cells into lymphatic endothelial cells in the parenchyma. Considering these mechanisms, we here discuss what causes the dearth of lymphatic vessels specifically in the CNS parenchyma.
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25
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The challenge of dissecting gene function in model organisms: Tools to characterize genetic mutants and assess transcriptional adaptation in zebrafish. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 176:1-25. [PMID: 37164532 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing technologies including the CRISPR/Cas9 system have greatly improved our knowledge of gene function and biological processes, however, these approaches have also brought new challenges to determining genotype-phenotype correlations. In this chapter, we briefly review gene-editing technologies used in zebrafish and discuss the differences in phenotypes that can arise when gene expression is inhibited by anti-sense or by gene editing techniques. We outline possible explanations for why knockout phenotypes are milder, tissue-restricted, or even absent, compared with severe knockdown phenotypes. One proposed explanation is transcriptional adaptation, a form of genetic robustness that is induced by deleterious mutations but not gene knockdowns. Although much is unknown about what triggers this process, its relevance in shaping genome expression has been shown in multiple animal models. We recently explored if transcriptional adaptation could explain genotype-phenotype discrepancies seen between two zebrafish models of the centrosomal protein Cep290 deficiency. We compared cilia-related phenotypes in knockdown (anti-sense) and knockout (mutation) Cep290 models and showed that only cep290 gene mutation induces the upregulation of genes encoding the cilia-associated small GTPases Arl3, Arl13b, and Unc119b. Importantly, the ectopic expression of Arl3, Arl13b, and Unc119b in cep290 morphant zebrafish embryos rescued cilia defects. Here we provide protocols and experimental approaches that can be used to explore if transcriptional adaptation may be modulating gene expression in a zebrafish ciliary mutant model.
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26
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The Impact of Stem/Progenitor Cells on Lymphangiogenesis in Vascular Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244056. [PMID: 36552820 PMCID: PMC9776475 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels, as the main tube network of fluid drainage and leukocyte transfer, are responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis and pathological repairment. Recently, by using genetic lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing techniques, significant cognitive progress has been made about the impact of stem/progenitor cells during lymphangiogenesis. In the embryonic stage, the lymphatic network is primarily formed through self-proliferation and polarized-sprouting from the lymph sacs. However, the assembly of lymphatic stem/progenitor cells also guarantees the sustained growth of lymphvasculogenesis to obtain the entire function. In addition, there are abundant sources of stem/progenitor cells in postnatal tissues, including circulating progenitors, mesenchymal stem cells, and adipose tissue stem cells, which can directly differentiate into lymphatic endothelial cells and participate in lymphangiogenesis. Specifically, recent reports indicated a novel function of lymphangiogenesis in transplant arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis. In the present review, we summarized the latest evidence about the diversity and incorporation of stem/progenitor cells in lymphatic vasculature during both the embryonic and postnatal stages, with emphasis on the impact of lymphangiogenesis in the development of vascular diseases to provide a rational guidance for future research.
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27
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Britto DD, He J, Misa JP, Chen W, Kakadia PM, Grimm L, Herbert CD, Crosier KE, Crosier PS, Bohlander SK, Hogan BM, Hall CJ, Torres-Vázquez J, Astin JW. Plexin D1 negatively regulates zebrafish lymphatic development. Development 2022; 149:dev200560. [PMID: 36205097 PMCID: PMC9720674 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis is a dynamic process that involves the directed migration of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) to form lymphatic vessels. The molecular mechanisms that underpin lymphatic vessel patterning are not fully elucidated and, to date, no global regulator of lymphatic vessel guidance is known. In this study, we identify the transmembrane cell signalling receptor Plexin D1 (Plxnd1) as a negative regulator of both lymphatic vessel guidance and lymphangiogenesis in zebrafish. plxnd1 is expressed in developing lymphatics and is required for the guidance of both the trunk and facial lymphatic networks. Loss of plxnd1 is associated with misguided intersegmental lymphatic vessel growth and aberrant facial lymphatic branches. Lymphatic guidance in the trunk is mediated, at least in part, by the Plxnd1 ligands, Semaphorin 3AA and Semaphorin 3C. Finally, we show that Plxnd1 normally antagonises Vegfr/Erk signalling to ensure the correct number of facial LECs and that loss of plxnd1 results in facial lymphatic hyperplasia. As a global negative regulator of lymphatic vessel development, the Sema/Plxnd1 signalling pathway is a potential therapeutic target for treating diseases associated with dysregulated lymphatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denver D. Britto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Jia He
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - June P. Misa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Wenxuan Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Purvi M. Kakadia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Leukaemia and Blood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Lin Grimm
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Caitlin D. Herbert
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn E. Crosier
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Philip S. Crosier
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Stefan K. Bohlander
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Leukaemia and Blood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin M. Hogan
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Hall
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Jesús Torres-Vázquez
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jonathan W. Astin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
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Wilting J, Becker J. The lymphatic vascular system: much more than just a sewer. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:157. [PMID: 36109802 PMCID: PMC9476376 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost 400 years after the (re)discovery of the lymphatic vascular system (LVS) by Gaspare Aselli (Asellius G. De lactibus, sive lacteis venis, quarto vasorum mesaraicorum genere, novo invento Gasparis Asellii Cremo. Dissertatio. (MDCXXIIX), Milan; 1628.), structure, function, development and evolution of this so-called 'second' vascular system are still enigmatic. Interest in the LVS was low because it was (and is) hardly visible, and its diseases are not as life-threatening as those of the blood vascular system. It is not uncommon for patients with lymphedema to be told that yes, they can live with it. Usually, the functions of the LVS are discussed in terms of fluid homeostasis, uptake of chylomicrons from the gut, and immune cell circulation. However, the broad molecular equipment of lymphatic endothelial cells suggests that they possess many more functions, which are also reflected in the pathophysiology of the system. With some specific exceptions, lymphatics develop in all organs. Although basic structure and function are the same regardless their position in the body wall or the internal organs, there are important site-specific characteristics. We discuss common structure and function of lymphatics; and point to important functions for hyaluronan turn-over, salt balance, coagulation, extracellular matrix production, adipose tissue development and potential appetite regulation, and the influence of hypoxia on the regulation of these functions. Differences with respect to the embryonic origin and molecular equipment between somatic and splanchnic lymphatics are discussed with a side-view on the phylogeny of the LVS. The functions of the lymphatic vasculature are much broader than generally thought, and lymphatic research will have many interesting and surprising aspects to offer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Wilting
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Becker
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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29
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Venkatakrishnan G, Parvathi VD. Decoding the mechanism of vascular morphogenesis to explore future prospects in targeted tumor therapy. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:178. [PMID: 36036322 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01810-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The growth and formation of blood vessels is an undeniably fundamental biological process crucial to controlling overall development of an organism. This phenomenon consists of two separate processes, commencing with vasculogenesis, which refers to the process of blood vessel formation strictly in embryonic stages, via de novo endothelial cell synthesis. Angiogenesis continues the formation of the vascular network via sprouting and splitting. Tumor growth is dependent on the growth and supply of blood vessels around the tumor mass. Extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules can promote angiogenesis by establishing a vascular network and sequestering pro-angiogenic growth factors. Although the methods by which tumor-associated fibroblasts (which differ in phenotype from normal fibroblasts) influence angiogenesis are unknown, they are thought to be a major source of growth factors and cytokines that attract endothelial cells. Chemokines and growth factors (sourced from macrophages and neutrophils) are also regulators of angiogenesis. When considered as a whole, the tumor microenvironment is a heterogenous and dynamic mass of tissue, composed of a plethora of cell types and an ECM that can fundamentally control the pathological angiogenic switch. Angiogenesis is involved in numerous diseases, and understanding the various mechanisms surrounding this phenomenon is key to finding cures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Venkatakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600116, India
| | - Venkatachalam Deepa Parvathi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600116, India.
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30
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Gurung S, Restrepo NK, Chestnut B, Klimkaite L, Sumanas S. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of vascular endothelial cells in zebrafish embryos. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13065. [PMID: 35906287 PMCID: PMC9338088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17127-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells exhibit substantial phenotypic and transcriptional heterogeneity which is established during early embryogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in establishing endothelial cell diversity are still not well understood. Zebrafish has emerged as an advantageous model to study vascular development. Despite its importance, the single-cell transcriptomic profile of vascular endothelial cells during zebrafish development is still missing. To address this, we applied single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of vascular endothelial cells isolated from zebrafish embryos at the 24 hpf stage. Six distinct clusters or subclusters related to vascular endothelial cells were identified which include arterial, two venous, cranial, endocardial and endothelial progenitor cell subtypes. Furthermore, we validated our findings by characterizing novel markers for arterial, venous, and endocardial cells. We experimentally confirmed the presence of two transcriptionally different venous cell subtypes, demonstrating heterogeneity among venous endothelial cells at this early developmental stage. This dataset will be a valuable resource for future functional characterization of vascular endothelial cells and interrogation of molecular mechanisms involved in the establishment of their heterogeneity and cell-fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Gurung
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA
| | - Nicole K Restrepo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA
| | - Brendan Chestnut
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Laurita Klimkaite
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Saulius Sumanas
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA.
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31
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Development and Applications of a Zebrafish (Danio rerio) CYP1A-Targeted Monoclonal Antibody (CRC4) with Reactivity across Vertebrate Taxa: Evidence for a Conserved CYP1A Epitope. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070404. [PMID: 35878309 PMCID: PMC9320060 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CYP1A is a heme-thiolate enzyme associated with the cytochrome P4501A1 monooxygenase system and is inducible by a wide variety of xenobiotics and endogenous ligands that bind and activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). The AHR-CYP1A axis is important for detoxification of certain xenobiotics and for homeostatic balance of endogenous sex hormones, amine hormones, vitamins, fatty acids, and phospholipids. Herein, we generated and described applications of a zebrafish CYP1A-targeted monoclonal antibody (mAb CRC4) that fortuitously recognizes induced CYP1A across vertebrate taxa, including fish, chicken, mouse, rat, and human. We then demonstrated that mAb CRC4 targets a highly conserved epitope signature of vertebrate CYP1A. The unique complimentary determining region (CDR) sequences of heavy and light chains were determined, and these Ig sequences will allow for the expression of recombinant mAb CRC4, thus superseding the need for long-term hybridoma maintenance. This antibody works well for immunohistochemistry (IHC), as well as whole-mounted IHC in zebrafish embryos. Monoclonal antibody CRC4 may be particularly useful for studying the AHR-CYP1A axis in multiple vertebrate species and within the context of Oceans and Human Health research. By using archived samples, when possible, we actively promoted efforts to reduce, replace, and refine studies involving live animals.
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32
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Chen J, He J, Luo L. Brain vascular damage-induced lymphatic ingrowth is directed by Cxcl12b/Cxcr4a. Development 2022; 149:275687. [PMID: 35694896 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
After ischemic stroke, promotion of vascular regeneration without causing uncontrolled vessel growth appears to be the major challenge for pro-angiogenic therapies. The molecular mechanisms underlying how nascent blood vessels (BVs) are correctly guided into the post-ischemic infarction area remain unknown. Here, using a zebrafish cerebrovascular injury model, we show that chemokine signaling provides crucial guidance cues to determine the growing direction of ingrown lymphatic vessels (iLVs) and, in turn, that of nascent BVs. The chemokine receptor Cxcr4a is transcriptionally activated in the iLVs after injury, whereas its ligand Cxcl12b is expressed in the residual central BVs, the destinations of iLV ingrowth. Mutant and mosaic studies indicate that Cxcl12b/Cxcr4a-mediated chemotaxis is necessary and sufficient to determine the growing direction of iLVs and nascent BVs. This study provides a molecular basis for how the vessel directionality of cerebrovascular regeneration is properly determined, suggesting potential application of Cxcl12b/Cxcr4a in the development of post-ischemic pro-angiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Chen
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chongqing), Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beibei, 400714 Chongqing, China
| | - Jianbo He
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chongqing), Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beibei, 400714 Chongqing, China
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33
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mafba and mafbb differentially regulate lymphatic endothelial cell migration in topographically distinct manners. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110982. [PMID: 35732122 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis, formation of lymphatic vessels from pre-existing vessels, is a dynamic process that requires cell migration. Regardless of location, migrating lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) progenitors probe their surroundings to form the lymphatic network. Lymphatic-development regulation requires the transcription factor MAFB in different species. Zebrafish Mafba, expressed in LEC progenitors, is essential for their migration in the trunk. However, the transcriptional mechanism that orchestrates LEC migration in different lymphatic endothelial beds remains elusive. Here, we uncover topographically different requirements of the two paralogs, Mafba and Mafbb, for LEC migration. Both mafba and mafbb are necessary for facial lymphatic development, but mafbb is dispensable for trunk lymphatic development. On the molecular level, we demonstrate a regulatory network where Vegfc-Vegfd-SoxF-Mafba-Mafbb is essential in facial lymphangiogenesis. We identify that mafba and mafbb tune the directionality of LEC migration and vessel morphogenesis that is ultimately necessary for lymphatic function.
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34
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Jeltsch M, Alitalo K. Lymphatic-to-blood vessel transdifferentiation in zebrafish. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:539-541. [PMID: 39195860 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00073-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jeltsch
- Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Individualized Drug Therapy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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35
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Das RN, Tevet Y, Safriel S, Han Y, Moshe N, Lambiase G, Bassi I, Nicenboim J, Brückner M, Hirsch D, Eilam-Altstadter R, Herzog W, Avraham R, Poss KD, Yaniv K. Generation of specialized blood vessels via lymphatic transdifferentiation. Nature 2022; 606:570-575. [PMID: 35614218 PMCID: PMC9875863 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04766-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The lineage and developmental trajectory of a cell are key determinants of cellular identity. In the vascular system, endothelial cells (ECs) of blood and lymphatic vessels differentiate and specialize to cater to the unique physiological demands of each organ1,2. Although lymphatic vessels were shown to derive from multiple cellular origins, lymphatic ECs (LECs) are not known to generate other cell types3,4. Here we use recurrent imaging and lineage-tracing of ECs in zebrafish anal fins, from early development to adulthood, to uncover a mechanism of specialized blood vessel formation through the transdifferentiation of LECs. Moreover, we demonstrate that deriving anal-fin vessels from lymphatic versus blood ECs results in functional differences in the adult organism, uncovering a link between cell ontogeny and functionality. We further use single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis to characterize the different cellular populations and transition states involved in the transdifferentiation process. Finally, we show that, similar to normal development, the vasculature is rederived from lymphatics during anal-fin regeneration, demonstrating that LECs in adult fish retain both potency and plasticity for generating blood ECs. Overall, our research highlights an innate mechanism of blood vessel formation through LEC transdifferentiation, and provides in vivo evidence for a link between cell ontogeny and functionality in ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudra N. Das
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Corresponding Authors Karina Yaniv Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel, , Rudra N. Das Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel,
| | - Yaara Tevet
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Stav Safriel
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yanchao Han
- Duke Regeneration Center, Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States, Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Noga Moshe
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Giuseppina Lambiase
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ivan Bassi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Julian Nicenboim
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Matthias Brückner
- University of Muenster and Max Plank Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Muenster, Germany
| | - Dana Hirsch
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Wiebke Herzog
- University of Muenster and Max Plank Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Muenster, Germany
| | - Roi Avraham
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kenneth D. Poss
- Duke Regeneration Center, Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Karina Yaniv
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Corresponding Authors Karina Yaniv Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel, , Rudra N. Das Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel,
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36
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Panara V, Monteiro R, Koltowska K. Epigenetic Regulation of Endothelial Cell Lineages During Zebrafish Development-New Insights From Technical Advances. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:891538. [PMID: 35615697 PMCID: PMC9125237 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.891538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation is integral in orchestrating the spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression which underlies tissue development. The emergence of new tools to assess genome-wide epigenetic modifications has enabled significant advances in the field of vascular biology in zebrafish. Zebrafish represents a powerful model to investigate the activity of cis-regulatory elements in vivo by combining technologies such as ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq and CUT&Tag with the generation of transgenic lines and live imaging to validate the activity of these regulatory elements. Recently, this approach led to the identification and characterization of key enhancers of important vascular genes, such as gata2a, notch1b and dll4. In this review we will discuss how the latest technologies in epigenetics are being used in the zebrafish to determine chromatin states and assess the function of the cis-regulatory sequences that shape the zebrafish vascular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Panara
- Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rui Monteiro
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Centre of Genome Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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37
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El-Sammak H, Yang B, Guenther S, Chen W, Marín-Juez R, Stainier DY. A Vegfc-Emilin2a-Cxcl8a Signaling Axis Required for Zebrafish Cardiac Regeneration. Circ Res 2022; 130:1014-1029. [PMID: 35264012 PMCID: PMC8976759 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic heart disease following the obstruction of coronary vessels leads to the death of cardiac tissue and the formation of a fibrotic scar. In contrast to adult mammals, zebrafish can regenerate their heart after injury, enabling the study of the underlying mechanisms. One of the earliest responses following cardiac injury in adult zebrafish is coronary revascularization. Defects in this process lead to impaired cardiomyocyte repopulation and scarring. Hence, identifying and investigating factors that promote coronary revascularization holds great therapeutic potential. METHODS We used wholemount imaging, immunohistochemistry and histology to assess various aspects of zebrafish cardiac regeneration. Deep transcriptomic analysis allowed us to identify targets and potential effectors of Vegfc (vascular endothelial growth factor C) signaling. We used newly generated loss- and gain-of-function genetic tools to investigate the role of Emilin2a (elastin microfibril interfacer 2a) and Cxcl8a (chemokine (C-X-C) motif ligand 8a)-Cxcr1 (chemokine (C-X-C) motif receptor 1) signaling in cardiac regeneration. RESULTS We first show that regenerating coronary endothelial cells upregulate vegfc upon cardiac injury in adult zebrafish and that Vegfc signaling is required for their proliferation during regeneration. Notably, blocking Vegfc signaling also significantly reduces cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and proliferation. Using transcriptomic analyses, we identified emilin2a as a target of Vegfc signaling and found that manipulation of emilin2a expression can modulate coronary revascularization as well as cardiomyocyte proliferation. Mechanistically, Emilin2a induces the expression of the chemokine gene cxcl8a in epicardium-derived cells, while cxcr1, the Cxcl8a receptor gene, is expressed in coronary endothelial cells. We further show that Cxcl8a-Cxcr1 signaling is also required for coronary endothelial cell proliferation during cardiac regeneration. CONCLUSIONS These data show that after cardiac injury, coronary endothelial cells upregulate vegfc to promote coronary network reestablishment and cardiac regeneration. Mechanistically, Vegfc signaling upregulates epicardial emilin2a and cxcl8a expression to promote cardiac regeneration. These studies aid in understanding the mechanisms underlying coronary revascularization in zebrafish, with potential therapeutic implications to enhance revascularization and regeneration in injured human hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadil El-Sammak
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Rhine-Main, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bingyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Stefan Guenther
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Rhine-Main, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Frankfurt, Germany
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rubén Marín-Juez
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Rhine-Main, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Current address: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, H3T 1C5 Montréal, QC, Canada, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Didier Y.R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Rhine-Main, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Frankfurt, Germany
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38
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Peng D, Ando K, Hußmann M, Gloger M, Skoczylas R, Mochizuki N, Betsholtz C, Fukuhara S, Schulte-Merker S, Lawson ND, Koltowska K. Proper migration of lymphatic endothelial cells requires survival and guidance cues from arterial mural cells. eLife 2022; 11:e74094. [PMID: 35316177 PMCID: PMC9042226 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The migration of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) is key for the development of the complex and vast lymphatic vascular network that pervades most tissues in an organism. In zebrafish, arterial intersegmental vessels together with chemokines have been shown to promote lymphatic cell migration from the horizontal myoseptum (HM). We observed that emergence of mural cells around the intersegmental arteries coincides with lymphatic departure from HM which raised the possibility that arterial mural cells promote LEC migration. Our live imaging and cell ablation experiments revealed that LECs migrate slower and fail to establish the lymphatic vascular network in the absence of arterial mural cells. We determined that mural cells are a source for the C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (Cxcl12a and Cxcl12b), vascular endothelial growth factor C (Vegfc) and collagen and calcium-binding EGF domain-containing protein 1 (Ccbe1). We showed that chemokine and growth factor signalling function cooperatively to induce robust LEC migration. Specifically, Vegfc-Vegfr3 signalling, but not chemokines, induces extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in LECs, and has an additional pro-survival role in LECs during the migration. Together, the identification of mural cells as a source for signals that guide LEC migration and survival will be important in the future design for rebuilding lymphatic vessels in disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Peng
- Uppsala University, Immunology Genetics and PathologyUppsalaSweden
| | - Koji Ando
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical SchoolTokyoJapan
| | - Melina Hußmann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Marleen Gloger
- Uppsala University, Immunology Genetics and PathologyUppsalaSweden
| | - Renae Skoczylas
- Uppsala University, Immunology Genetics and PathologyUppsalaSweden
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research InstituteSuitaJapan
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge (MedH), Karolinska Institutet, Campus FlemingsbergHuddingeSweden
| | - Shigetomo Fukuhara
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical SchoolTokyoJapan
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Nathan D Lawson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
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39
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Bekisz S, Baudin L, Buntinx F, Noël A, Geris L. In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Models of Lymphangiogenesis in Solid Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1525. [PMID: 35326676 PMCID: PMC8946816 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis (LA) is the formation of new lymphatic vessels by lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) sprouting from pre-existing lymphatic vessels. It is increasingly recognized as being involved in many diseases, such as in cancer and secondary lymphedema, which most often results from cancer treatments. For some cancers, excessive LA is associated with cancer progression and metastatic dissemination to the lymph nodes (LNs) through lymphatic vessels. The study of LA through in vitro, in vivo, and, more recently, in silico models is of paramount importance in providing novel insights and identifying the key molecular actors in the biological dysregulation of this process under pathological conditions. In this review, the different biological (in vitro and in vivo) models of LA, especially in a cancer context, are explained and discussed, highlighting their principal modeled features as well as their advantages and drawbacks. Imaging techniques of the lymphatics, complementary or even essential to in vivo models, are also clarified and allow the establishment of the link with computational approaches. In silico models are introduced, theoretically described, and illustrated with examples specific to the lymphatic system and the LA. Together, these models constitute a toolbox allowing the LA research to be brought to the next level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Bekisz
- Biomechanics Research Unit, GIGA In silico Medicine, ULiège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Louis Baudin
- Laboratory of Biology of Tumor and Development, GIGA Cancer, ULiège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (L.B.); (F.B.); (A.N.)
| | - Florence Buntinx
- Laboratory of Biology of Tumor and Development, GIGA Cancer, ULiège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (L.B.); (F.B.); (A.N.)
| | - Agnès Noël
- Laboratory of Biology of Tumor and Development, GIGA Cancer, ULiège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (L.B.); (F.B.); (A.N.)
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Biomechanics Research Unit, GIGA In silico Medicine, ULiège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
- Biomechanics Section, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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40
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Castranova D, Samasa B, Venero Galanternik M, Gore AV, Goldstein AE, Park JS, Weinstein BM. Long-term imaging of living adult zebrafish. Development 2022; 149:274463. [PMID: 35142351 PMCID: PMC8918778 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish has become a widely used animal model due, in large part, to its accessibility to and usefulness for high-resolution optical imaging. Although zebrafish research has historically focused mostly on early development, in recent years the fish has increasingly been used to study regeneration, cancer metastasis, behavior and other processes taking place in juvenile and adult animals. However, imaging of live adult zebrafish is extremely challenging, with survival of adult fish limited to a few tens of minutes using standard imaging methods developed for zebrafish embryos and larvae. Here, we describe a new method for imaging intubated adult zebrafish using a specially designed 3D printed chamber for long-term imaging of adult zebrafish on inverted microscope systems. We demonstrate the utility of this new system by nearly day-long observation of neutrophil recruitment to a wound area in living double-transgenic adult casper zebrafish with fluorescently labeled neutrophils and lymphatic vessels, as well as intubating and imaging the same fish repeatedly. We also show that Mexican cavefish can be intubated and imaged in the same way, demonstrating this method can be used for long-term imaging of adult animals from diverse aquatic species.
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41
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Genetic and Molecular Determinants of Lymphatic Malformations: Potential Targets for Therapy. J Dev Biol 2022; 10:jdb10010011. [PMID: 35225964 PMCID: PMC8883961 DOI: 10.3390/jdb10010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic malformations are fluid-filled congenital defects of lymphatic channels occurring in 1 in 6000 to 16,000 patients. There are various types, and they often exist in conjunction with other congenital anomalies and vascular malformations. Great strides have been made in understanding these malformations in recent years. This review summarize known molecular and embryological precursors for lymphangiogenesis. Gene mutations and dysregulations implicated in pathogenesis of lymphatic malformations are discussed. Finally, we touch on current and developing therapies with special attention on targeted biotherapeutics.
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42
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Tai Z, Li L, Zhao G, Liu JX. Copper stress impairs angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis during zebrafish embryogenesis by down-regulating pERK1/2-foxm1-MMP2/9 axis and epigenetically regulating ccbe1 expression. Angiogenesis 2022; 25:241-257. [PMID: 35034208 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular transport and cell circulation between tissues and organs through blood and lymphatic vessels are essential for physiological homeostasis in vertebrates. Despite the report of its association with vessel formation in solid tumors, the biological effects of Copper (Cu) accumulation on angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis during embryogenesis are still unknown. In this study, we unveiled that intersegmental blood circulation was partially blocked in Cu2+-stressed zebrafish embryos and cell migration and tube formation were impaired in Cu2+-stressed mammalian HUVECs. Specifically, Cu2+-stressed embryos showed down-regulation in the expression of amotl2 and its downstream pERK1/2-foxm1-MMP2/9 regulatory axis, and knockdown/knockout of foxm1 in zebrafish embryos phenocopied angiogenesis defects, while FOXM1 knockdown HUVECs phenocopied cell migration and tube formation defects, indicating that excessive Cu2+-induced angiogenesis defects and blocked cell migration via down-regulating amotl2-pERK1/2-foxm1-MMP2/9 regulatory axis in both embryos and mammalian cells. Additionally, thoracic duct was revealed to be partially absent in Cu2+-stressed zebrafish embryos. Specifically, Cu2+-stressed embryos showed down-regulation in the expression of ccbe1 (a gene with pivotal function in lymphangiogenesis) due to the hypermethylation of the E2F7/8 binding sites on ccbe1 promoter to reduce their binding enrichment on the promoter, contributing to the potential mechanisms for down-regulation of ccbe1 and the formation of lymphangiogenesis defects in Cu2+-stressed embryos and mammalian cells. These integrated data demonstrate that Cu2+ stress impairs angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis via down-regulation of pERK1/2-foxm1-MMP2/9 axis and epigenetic regulation of E2F7/8 transcriptional activity on ccbe1 expression, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Tai
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lingya Li
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guang Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing-Xia Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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43
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Oliver G. Lymphatic endothelial cell fate specification in the mammalian embryo: An historical perspective. Dev Biol 2021; 482:44-54. [PMID: 34915023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Development of the mammalian lymphatic vasculature is a stepwise process requiring the specification of lymphatic endothelial cell progenitors in the embryonic veins, and their subsequent budding to give rise to most of the mature lymphatic vasculature. In mice, formation of the lymphatic vascular network starts inside the cardinal vein at around E9.5 when a subpopulation of venous endothelial cells gets committed into the lymphatic lineage by their acquisition of Prox1 expression. Identification of critical genes regulating lymphatic development facilitated the detailed cellular and molecular characterization of some of the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating the early steps leading to the formation of the mammalian lymphatic vasculature. A better understanding of basic aspects of early lymphatic development, and the availability of novel tools and animal models has been instrumental in the identification of important novel functional roles of this vasculature network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Oliver
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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44
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Lei D, Zhang X, Rouf MA, Mahendra Y, Wen L, Li Y, Zhang X, Li L, Wang L, Zhang T, Wang G, Wang Y. Noncanonical protease-activated receptor 1 regulates lymphatic differentiation in zebrafish. iScience 2021; 24:103386. [PMID: 34816109 PMCID: PMC8593614 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of lymphatic progenitors is a crucial step in lymphangiogenesis. However, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we found that noncanonical protease-activated receptor 1 (par1) regulates the differentiation of lymphatic progenitors in zebrafish embryos. Loss of par1 function impaired lymphatic differentiation by downregulating prox1a expression in parachordal lymphangioblasts and caused compromised thoracic duct formation in zebrafish. Meanwhile, the G protein gnai2a, a par1 downstream effector, was selectively required for lymphatic development in zebrafish, and its mutation mimicked the lymphatic phenotype observed in par1 mutants. Interestingly, mmp13, but not thrombin, was required for lymphatic development in zebrafish. Furthermore, analyses of genetic interactions confirmed that mmp13b serves as a par1 upstream protease to regulate lymphatic development in zebrafish embryos. Mechanistically, par1 promotes flt4 expression and phospho-Erk1/2 activity in the posterior cardinal vein. Taken together, our findings highlight a function of par1 in the regulation of lymphatic differentiation in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoxi Lei
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, China
| | - Xiuru Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Muhammad Abdul Rouf
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yoga Mahendra
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Lin Wen
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Luming Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yeqi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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45
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Li W, Zhang G, Liu L. Near-Infrared Inorganic Nanomaterials for Precise Diagnosis and Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:768927. [PMID: 34765596 PMCID: PMC8576183 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.768927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional wavelengths (400–700 nm) have made tremendous inroads in vivo fluorescence imaging. However, the ability of visible light photon penetration hampered the bio-applications. With reduced photon scattering, minimal tissue absorption and negligible autofluorescence properties, near-infrared light (NIR 700–1700 nm) demonstrates better resolution, high signal-to-background ratios, and deep tissue penetration capability, which will be of great significance for in-vivo determination in deep tissue. In this review, we summarized the latest novel NIR inorganic nanomaterials and the emission mechanism including single-walled carbon nanotubes, rare-earth nanoparticles, quantum dots, metal nanomaterials. Subsequently, the recent progress of precise noninvasive diagnosis in biomedicine and cancer therapy utilizing near-infrared inorganic nanomaterials are discussed. In addition, this review will highlight the concerns, challenges and future directions of near-infrared light utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenling Li
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Guilong Zhang
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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46
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Koltowska K, Okuda KS, Gloger M, Rondon-Galeano M, Mason E, Xuan J, Dudczig S, Chen H, Arnold H, Skoczylas R, Bower NI, Paterson S, Lagendijk AK, Baillie GJ, Leshchiner I, Simons C, Smith KA, Goessling W, Heath JK, Pearson RB, Sanij E, Schulte-Merker S, Hogan BM. The RNA helicase Ddx21 controls Vegfc-driven developmental lymphangiogenesis by balancing endothelial cell ribosome biogenesis and p53 function. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:1136-1147. [PMID: 34750583 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00784-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of a functional vasculature requires the coordinated control of cell fate, lineage differentiation and network growth. Cellular proliferation is spatiotemporally regulated in developing vessels, but how this is orchestrated in different lineages is unknown. Here, using a zebrafish genetic screen for lymphatic-deficient mutants, we uncover a mutant for the RNA helicase Ddx21. Ddx21 cell-autonomously regulates lymphatic vessel development. An established regulator of ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosome biogenesis, Ddx21 is enriched in sprouting venous endothelial cells in response to Vegfc-Flt4 signalling. Ddx21 function is essential for Vegfc-Flt4-driven endothelial cell proliferation. In the absence of Ddx21, endothelial cells show reduced ribosome biogenesis, p53 and p21 upregulation and cell cycle arrest that blocks lymphangiogenesis. Thus, Ddx21 coordinates the lymphatic endothelial cell response to Vegfc-Flt4 signalling by balancing ribosome biogenesis and p53 function. This mechanism may be targetable in diseases of excessive lymphangiogenesis such as cancer metastasis or lymphatic malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Koltowska
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. .,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Kazuhide S Okuda
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marleen Gloger
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Rondon-Galeano
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Mason
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jiachen Xuan
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stefanie Dudczig
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Huijun Chen
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hannah Arnold
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Renae Skoczylas
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Neil I Bower
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Scott Paterson
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne Karine Lagendijk
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregory J Baillie
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ignaty Leshchiner
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cas Simons
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelly A Smith
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joan K Heath
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard B Pearson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elaine Sanij
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Faculty, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany.,Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin M Hogan
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. .,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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47
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Shin M, Lawson ND. Back and forth: History of and new insights on the vertebrate lymphatic valve. Dev Growth Differ 2021; 63:523-535. [PMID: 34716915 PMCID: PMC9299638 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic valves develop from pre‐existing endothelial cells through a step‐wise process involving complex changes in cell shape and orientation, along with extracellular matrix interactions, to form two intraluminal leaflets. Once formed, valves prevent back‐flow within the lymphatic system to ensure drainage of interstitial fluid back into the circulatory system, thereby serving a critical role in maintaining fluid homeostasis. Despite the extensive anatomical characterization of lymphatic systems across numerous genus and species dating back several hundred years, valves were largely thought to be phylogenetically restricted to mammals. Accordingly, most insights into molecular and genetic mechanisms involved in lymphatic valve development have derived from mouse knockouts, as well as rare diseases in humans. However, we have recently used a combination of imaging and genetic analysis in the zebrafish to demonstrate that valves are a conserved feature of the teleost lymphatic system. Here, we provide a historical overview of comparative lymphatic valve anatomy together with recent efforts to define molecular pathways that contribute to lymphatic valve morphogenesis. Finally, we integrate our findings in zebrafish with previous work and highlight the benefits that this model provides for investigating lymphatic valve development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Shin
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathan D Lawson
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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48
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Hennigs JK, Matuszcak C, Trepel M, Körbelin J. Vascular Endothelial Cells: Heterogeneity and Targeting Approaches. Cells 2021; 10:2712. [PMID: 34685692 PMCID: PMC8534745 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Forming the inner layer of the vascular system, endothelial cells (ECs) facilitate a multitude of crucial physiological processes throughout the body. Vascular ECs enable the vessel wall passage of nutrients and diffusion of oxygen from the blood into adjacent cellular structures. ECs regulate vascular tone and blood coagulation as well as adhesion and transmigration of circulating cells. The multitude of EC functions is reflected by tremendous cellular diversity. Vascular ECs can form extremely tight barriers, thereby restricting the passage of xenobiotics or immune cell invasion, whereas, in other organ systems, the endothelial layer is fenestrated (e.g., glomeruli in the kidney), or discontinuous (e.g., liver sinusoids) and less dense to allow for rapid molecular exchange. ECs not only differ between organs or vascular systems, they also change along the vascular tree and specialized subpopulations of ECs can be found within the capillaries of a single organ. Molecular tools that enable selective vascular targeting are helpful to experimentally dissect the role of distinct EC populations, to improve molecular imaging and pave the way for novel treatment options for vascular diseases. This review provides an overview of endothelial diversity and highlights the most successful methods for selective targeting of distinct EC subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan K. Hennigs
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Christiane Matuszcak
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Martin Trepel
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany;
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
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49
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Martin-Almedina S, Mortimer PS, Ostergaard P. Development and physiological functions of the lymphatic system: insights from human genetic studies of primary lymphedema. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:1809-1871. [PMID: 33507128 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary lymphedema is a long-term (chronic) condition characterized by tissue lymph retention and swelling that can affect any part of the body, although it usually develops in the arms or legs. Due to the relevant contribution of the lymphatic system to human physiology, while this review mainly focuses on the clinical and physiological aspects related to the regulation of fluid homeostasis and edema, clinicians need to know that the impact of lymphatic dysfunction with a genetic origin can be wide ranging. Lymphatic dysfunction can affect immune function so leading to infection; it can influence cancer development and spread, and it can determine fat transport so impacting on nutrition and obesity. Genetic studies and the development of imaging techniques for the assessment of lymphatic function have enabled the recognition of primary lymphedema as a heterogenic condition in terms of genetic causes and disease mechanisms. In this review, the known biological functions of several genes crucial to the development and function of the lymphatic system are used as a basis for understanding normal lymphatic biology. The disease conditions originating from mutations in these genes are discussed together with a detailed clinical description of the phenotype and the up-to-date knowledge in terms of disease mechanisms acquired from in vitro and in vivo research models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Martin-Almedina
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter S Mortimer
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Dermatology and Lymphovascular Medicine, St. George's Universities NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pia Ostergaard
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
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50
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Chen J, Li X, Ni R, Chen Q, Yang Q, He J, Luo L. Acute brain vascular regeneration occurs via lymphatic transdifferentiation. Dev Cell 2021; 56:3115-3127.e6. [PMID: 34562378 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke damages the regional brain blood vessel (BV) network. Acute recovery of basic blood flows, which is carried out by the earliest regenerated BVs, are critical to improve clinical outcomes and minimize lethality. Although the late-regenerated BVs form via growing along the meninge-derived ingrown lymphatic vessels (iLVs), mechanisms underlying the early, acute BV regeneration remain elusive. Using zebrafish cerebrovascular injury models, we show that the earliest regenerated BVs come from lymphatic transdifferentiation, a hitherto unappreciated process in vertebrates. Mechanistically, the LV-to-BV transdifferentiation occurs exclusively in the stand-alone iLVs through Notch activation. In the track iLVs adhered by late-regenerated BVs, transdifferentiation never occurs because the BV-expressing EphrinB2a paracellularly activates the iLV-expressing EphB4a to inhibit Notch activation. Suppression of LV-to-BV transdifferentiation blocks acute BV regeneration and becomes lethal. These results demonstrate that acute BV regeneration occurs via lymphatic transdifferentiation, suggesting this process and key regulatory molecules EphrinB2a/EphB4a/Notch as new postischemic therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Chen
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei 400715, Chongqing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chongqing), Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beibei 400714, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiuhua Li
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Ni
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Qifen Yang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianbo He
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei 400715, Chongqing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chongqing), Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beibei 400714, Chongqing, China.
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