1
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Zhang H, Zhang Q, Liu F, Han Y. Anisotropic-Isotropic Transition of Cages at the Glass Transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:078201. [PMID: 38427876 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.078201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Characterizing the local structural evolution is an essential step in understanding the nature of glass transition. In this work, we probe the evolution of Voronoi cell geometry in simple glass models by simulations and colloid experiments, and find that the individual particle cages deform anisotropically in supercooled liquid and isotropically in glass. We introduce an anisotropy parameter k for each Voronoi cell, whose mean value exhibits a sharp change at the mode-coupling glass transition ϕ_{c}. Moreover, a power law of packing fraction ϕ∝q_{1}^{d} is discovered in the supercooled liquid regime with d>D, in contrast to d=D in the glass regime, where q_{1} is the first peak position of structure factor, and D is the space dimension. This power law is qualitatively explained by the change of k. The active motions in supercooled liquid are spatially correlated with long axes rather than short axes of Voronoi cells. In addition, the dynamic slowing down approaching the glass transition can be well characterized through a modified free-volume model based on k. These findings reveal that the structural parameter k is effective in identifying the structure-dynamics correlations and the glass transition in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China
| | - Yilong Han
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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2
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Nie Y, Wang L, Guan P, Xu N. Understanding the glassy dynamics from melting temperatures in binary glass-forming liquids. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1565-1572. [PMID: 38270340 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00020j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
It is natural to expect that small particles in binary mixtures move faster than large ones. However, in binary glass-forming liquids with soft-core particle interactions, we observe the counterintuitive dynamic reversal between large and small particles along with the increase of pressure by performing molecular dynamics simulations. The structural relaxation (dynamic heterogeneity) of small particles is faster (weaker) than large ones at low pressures, but becomes slower (stronger) above a crossover pressure. In contrast, this dynamic reversal never happens in glass-forming liquids with hard-core interactions. We find that the difference of the effective melting temperatures felt by large and small particles can be used to understand the dynamic reversal. In binary mixtures, we derive effective melting temperatures of large and small particles simply from the conversion of units and find that particles with a higher effective melting temperature usually undergo a slower and more heterogeneous relaxation. The presence (absence) of the dynamic reversal in soft-core (hard-core) systems is simply due to the non-monotonic (monotonic) behavior of the melting temperature as a function of pressure. Interestingly, by manipulating the relative softness between large and small particles, we obtain a special case of soft-core systems, in which large particles always have higher effective melting temperatures than small ones. As a result, the dynamic reversal is totally eliminated. Our work provides another piece of evidence of the underlying connections between the properties of non-equilibrium glass-formers and equilibrium crystal-formers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhuan Nie
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lijin Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pengfei Guan
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ning Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Sposini V, Likos CN, Camargo M. Glassy phases of the Gaussian core model. SOFT MATTER 2023. [PMID: 38050434 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01314f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
We present results from molecular dynamics simulations exploring the supercooled dynamics of the Gaussian Core Model in the low- and intermediate-density regimes. In particular, we analyse the transition from the low-density hard-sphere-like glassy dynamics to the high-density one. The dynamics at low densities is well described by the caging mechanism, giving rise to intermittent dynamics. At high densities, the particles undergo a more continuous motion in which the concept of cage loses its meaning. We elaborate on the idea that these different supercooled dynamics are in fact the precursors of two different glass states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Sposini
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christos N Likos
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Manuel Camargo
- Facultad de Ciencias & CICBA, Universidad Antonio Nariño-Campus Farallones, Km 18 via Cali-Jamundí, 760030 Cali, Colombia
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4
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Zhang X, Dai X, Gao L, Xu D, Wan H, Wang Y, Yan LT. The entropy-controlled strategy in self-assembling systems. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6806-6837. [PMID: 37743794 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00347g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of various building blocks has been considered as a powerful approach to generate novel materials with tailorable structures and optimal properties. Understanding physicochemical interactions and mechanisms related to structural formation and transitions is of essential importance for this approach. Although it is well-known that diverse forces and energies can significantly contribute to the structures and properties of self-assembling systems, the potential entropic contribution remains less well understood. The past few years have witnessed rapid progress in addressing the entropic effects on the structures, responses, and functions in the self-assembling systems, and many breakthroughs have been achieved. This review provides a framework regarding the entropy-controlled strategy of self-assembly, through which the structures and properties can be tailored by effectively tuning the entropic contribution and its interplay with the enthalpic counterpart. First, we focus on the fundamentals of entropy in thermodynamics and the entropy types that can be explored for self-assembly. Second, we discuss the rules of entropy in regulating the structural organization in self-assembly and delineate the entropic force and superentropic effect. Third, we introduce the basic principles, significance and approaches of the entropy-controlled strategy in self-assembly. Finally, we present the applications where this strategy has been employed in fields like colloids, macromolecular systems and nonequilibrium assembly. This review concludes with a discussion on future directions and future research opportunities for developing and applying the entropy-controlled strategy in complex self-assembling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xiaobin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Lijuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Duo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Haixiao Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Li-Tang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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5
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Dai L, Wan H, Xu D, Dai X, Li G, Yan LT. Hydrodynamic Anisotropy of Depletion in Nonequilibrium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:134002. [PMID: 37832000 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.134002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Active colloids in a bath of inert particles of smaller size cause anisotropic depletion. The active hydrodynamics of this nonequilibrium phenomenon, which is fundamentally different from its equilibrium counterpart and passive particles in an active bath, remains scarcely understood. Here we combine mesoscale hydrodynamic simulation as well as theoretical analysis to examine the physical origin for the active depletion around a self-propelled noninteractive colloid. Our results elucidate that the variable hydrodynamic effect critically governs the microstructure of the depletion zone. Three characteristic states of anisotropic depletion are identified, depending on the strength and stress of activity. This yields a state diagram of depletion in the two-parameter space, captured by developing a theoretical model with the continuum kinetic theory and leading to a mechanistic interpretation of the hydrodynamic anisotropy of depletion. Furthermore, we demonstrate that such depletion in nonequilibrium results in various clusters with ordered organization of squirmers, which follows a distinct principle contrary to that of the entropy scenario of depletion in equilibrium. The findings might be of immediate interest to tune the hydrodynamics-mediated anisotropic interactions and active nonequilibrium organizations in the self-propulsion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixiao Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Duo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaojin Li
- School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Li-Tang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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6
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Parisi D, Truzzolillo D, Slim AH, Dieudonné-George P, Narayanan S, Conrad JC, Deepak VD, Gauthier M, Vlassopoulos D. Gelation and Re-entrance in Mixtures of Soft Colloids and Linear Polymers of Equal Size. Macromolecules 2023; 56:1818-1827. [PMID: 36938509 PMCID: PMC10019458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Liquid mixtures composed of colloidal particles and much smaller non-adsorbing linear homopolymers can undergo a gelation transition due to polymer-mediated depletion forces. We now show that the addition of linear polymers to suspensions of soft colloids having the same hydrodynamic size yields a liquid-to-gel-to-re-entrant liquid transition. In particular, the dynamic state diagram of 1,4-polybutadiene star-linear polymer mixtures was determined with the help of linear viscoelastic and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments. While keeping the star polymers below their nominal overlap concentration, a gel was formed upon increasing the linear polymer content. Further addition of linear chains yielded a re-entrant liquid. This unexpected behavior was rationalized by the interplay of three possible phenomena: (i) depletion interactions, driven by the size disparity between the stars and the polymer length scale which is the mesh size of its entanglement network; (ii) colloidal deswelling due to the increased osmotic pressure exerted onto the stars; and (iii) a concomitant progressive suppression of the depletion efficiency on increasing the polymer concentration due to reduced mesh size, hence a smaller range of attraction. Our results unveil an exciting new way to tailor the flow of soft colloids and highlight a largely unexplored path to engineer soft colloidal mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Parisi
- FORTH,
Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Product Technology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Domenico Truzzolillo
- Laboratoire
Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS Université de Montpellier, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Ali H. Slim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
| | | | - Suresh Narayanan
- Advanced
Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jacinta C. Conrad
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
| | - Vishnu D. Deepak
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mario Gauthier
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dimitris Vlassopoulos
- FORTH,
Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
- Department
of Materials Science and Technology, University
of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
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7
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Miyazaki K, Schweizer KS, Thirumalai D, Tuinier R, Zaccarelli E. The Asakura–Oosawa theory: Entropic forces in physics, biology, and soft matter. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:080401. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0085965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. Miyazaki
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - K. S. Schweizer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Materials Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - D. Thirumalai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - R. Tuinier
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. Zaccarelli
- CNR-ISC (National Research Council–Institute for Complex Systems) and Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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8
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Foster NC, Allen P, El Haj AJ, Grover LM, Moakes RJA. Tailoring Therapeutic Responses via Engineering Microenvironments with a Novel Synthetic Fluid Gel. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100622. [PMID: 34160135 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the first fully synthetic fluid gel (SyMGels) using a simple poly(ethylene glycol) polymer. Fluid gels are an interesting class of materials: structured during gelation via shear-confinement to form microparticulate suspensions, through a bottom-up approach. Structuring in this way, when compared to first forming a gel and subsequently breaking it down, results in the formation of a particulate dispersion with particles "grown" in the shear flow. Resultantly, systems form a complex microstructure, where gelled particles concentrate remaining non-gelled polymer within the continuous phase, creating an amorphous-like interstitial phase. As such, these materials demonstrate mechanical characteristics typical of colloidal glasses, presenting solid-like behaviors at rest with defined yielding; likely through intrinsic particle-particle and particle-polymer interactions. To date, fluid gels have been fabricated using polysaccharides with relatively complex chemistries, making further modifications challenging. SyMGels are easily functionalised, using simple click-chemistry. This chemical flexibility, allows the creation of microenvironments with discrete biological decoration. Cellular control is demonstrated using MSC (mesenchymal stem cells)/chondrocytes and enables the regulation of key biomarkers such as aggrecan and SOX9. These potential therapeutic platforms demonstrate an important advancement in the biomaterial field, underpinning the mechanisms which drive their mechanical properties, and providing a versatile delivery system for advanced therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola C Foster
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Piers Allen
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alicia J El Haj
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Liam M Grover
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Richard J A Moakes
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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9
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Goujard S, Suau JM, Chaub A, Guigner JM, Bizien T, Cloitre M. Glassy states in adsorbing surfactant-microgel soft nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:404003. [PMID: 34237714 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mixtures of polymer-colloid hybrids such as star polymers and microgels with non-adsorbing polymeric additives have received a lot of attention. In these materials, the interplay between entropic forces and softness is responsible for a wealth of phenomena. By contrast, binary mixtures where one component can adsorb onto the other one have been far less studied. Yet real formulations in applications often contain low molecular weight additives that can adsorb onto soft colloids. Here we study the microstructure and rheology of soft nanocomposites made of surfactants and microgels using linear and nonlinear rheology, SAXS experiments, and cryo-TEM techniques. The results are used to build a dynamical state diagram encompassing various liquid, glassy, jammed, metastable, and reentrant liquid states, which results from a subtle interplay between enthalpic, entropic, and kinetic effects. We rationalize the rheological properties of the nanocomposites in each domain of the state diagram, thus providing exquisite solutions for designing new rheology modifiers at will.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Goujard
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Arnaud Chaub
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Guigner
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7590 Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC)-IRD-MNHN, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bizien
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin BP 48, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
| | - Michel Cloitre
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
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10
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Ikeda H, Miyazaki K, Yoshino H, Ikeda A. Multiple glass transitions and higher-order replica symmetry breaking of binary mixtures. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:022613. [PMID: 33736072 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.022613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We extend the replica liquid theory in order to describe the multiple glass transitions of binary mixtures with large size disparities, by taking into account the two-step replica symmetry breaking (2RSB). We determine the glass phase diagram of the mixture of large and small particles in the large-dimension limit where the mean-field theory becomes exact. When the size ratio of particles is beyond a critical value, the theory predicts three distinct glass phases; (i) the one-step replica symmetery breaking (1RSB) double glass where both components vitrify simultaneously, (ii) the 1RSB single glass where only large particles are frozen while small particles remain mobile, and (iii) a glass phase called the 2RSB double glass where both components vitrify simultaneously but with an energy landscape topography distinct from the 1RSB double glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harukuni Ikeda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | | | - Hajime Yoshino
- Cybermedia Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Atushi Ikeda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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11
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Guevara-Pantoja FJ, Ruiz-Suárez JC. Nanovesicles drive a tunable dynamical arrest of microparticles. RSC Adv 2021; 11:24190-24195. [PMID: 35479007 PMCID: PMC9036661 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04252a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitrification in a dilute colloidal system needs an asymmetric particle composition (a mixture of nano and micro colloids) to materialize. The volume fraction of the large particles increases (up to ≈0.58) driven by depletion forces produced by the smaller colloids. Such entropic forces are short-ranged and attractive. We found a different type of dynamical arrest in an extremely dilute asymmetric mixture of nanovesicles and polystyrene microparticles, where energy, instead of entropy, is the main protagonist to drive the arrest. Furthermore, when the vesicles go through the gel-fluid phase transition, the mean square displacements of the microparticles suffer a sudden splitting indicating a viscous jump. If the vesicles are doped with negatively charged lipids, particles and vesicles repel each other and the rheology of the mixture becomes athermal and Newtonian. Our findings are important to understand caging phenomena in biological systems, where diverse electrostatic distributions are present. A dynamical arrest in an extremely dilute asymmetric mixture of nanovesicles and polystyrene microparticles was discovered, where energy, instead of entropy, is the main mechanism to produce it.![]()
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12
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Wu Q, Higler R, Kodger TE, van der Gucht J. Particle Dynamics in Colloid-Polymer Mixtures with Different Polymer Architectures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:42041-42047. [PMID: 32812728 PMCID: PMC7503516 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nonadsorbing polymers are widely used as thickening agents for colloids. A quantitative description of the structure and dynamics of such colloid-polymer mixtures is crucial to reveal the mechanisms accounting for the desired mechanical properties. We use confocal microscopy to study colloids with three types of commonly used polymers with different architectures: linear, subgranular cross-linked, and branched microgels. All three thickeners give rise to heterogeneous colloidal dynamics, characterized by non-Gaussian displacement distributions. However, while the ensemble-averaged particle dynamics in these materials are very similar, the underlying individual particle dynamics are not. Linear polymers give rise to depletion attraction and the formation of colloidal gels, in which the majority of particles are immobilized, while a few weakly bound particles have much higher mobility. By contrast, the branched and cross-linked polymers thicken the continuous phase of the colloid, squeezing the particles into dense pockets, where the mobility is reduced and requires more cooperative rearrangements.
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13
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Choi S, Moon S, Park Y. Spectroscopic Investigation of Entropic Canopy-Canopy Interactions of Nanoparticle Organic Hybrid Materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:9626-9633. [PMID: 32683866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle organic hybrid materials (NOHMs) are self-suspended liquid-like nanoparticle-based functional materials consisting of a surface-functionalized inorganic nanocore and oligomeric or polymeric chains. They often exhibit complex intermolecular and intramolecular interactions among their constituents, resulting in versatile physicochemical characteristics that range from glassy solids to solvent-free nanoparticle fluids. A variety of applications involving NOHMs have been investigated thus far, including thermal management fluids, lubricants, magnetic fluids, nanocomposites, electrolytes, water treatment and biomass pretreatment chemicals, and CO2 capture solvents. In particular, NOHMs have recently been recognized as a promising CO2 capture and utilization medium. To capture CO2 more effectively, a variety of specific functional groups of strong chemical affinity to CO2 can be added to the polymeric canopy (enthalpic contribution), and various steric considerations induced by attractive/repulsive interactions among the nanocores and canopies can be introduced (entropic contribution). These occur while maintaining negligible vapor pressure and enhanced thermal stability. Here, we investigated the canopy dynamics of NOHMs with different-sized SiO2 nanocores, aiming to reveal the hidden nature of the entropic interaction occurring in NOHMs. Pulse-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (with 1H) was employed to investigate the canopy dynamics of the NOHMs synthesized using 7, 12, and 22 nm SiO2 particles, and these results were compared with those from a ternary mix of all three sizes of SiO2 nanocores. The self-diffusion coefficient and thermal diffusivity were also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Choi
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokyoon Moon
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjune Park
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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14
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Vishwakarma M, Spatz JP, Das T. Mechanobiology of leader-follower dynamics in epithelial cell migration. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 66:97-103. [PMID: 32663734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Collective cell migration is fundamental to biological form and function. It is also relevant to the formation and repair of organs and to various pathological situations, including metastatic propagation of cancer. Technological, experimental, and computational advancements have allowed the researchers to explore various aspects of collective migration, spanning from biochemical signalling to inter-cellular force transduction. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the mechanobiology of collective cell migration, limiting to epithelial tissues. On the basis of recent studies, we describe how cells sense and respond to guidance signals to orchestrate various modes of migration and identify the determining factors dictating leader-follower interactions. We highlight how the inherent mechanics of dense epithelial monolayers at multicellular length scale might instruct individual cells to behave collectively. On the basis of these findings, we propose that mechanical resilience, obtained by a certain extent of cell jamming, allows the epithelium to perform efficient collective migration during wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhavi Vishwakarma
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS81TD, United Kingdom; Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Tamal Das
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad (TIFR-H), Hyderabad 500046, India.
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15
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Voigtmann T, Siebenbürger M, Amann CP, Egelhaaf SU, Fritschi S, Krüger M, Laurati M, Mutch KJ, Samwer KH. Rheology of colloidal and metallic glass formers. Colloid Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04654-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractColloidal hard-sphere suspensions are convenient experimental models to understand soft matter, and also by analogy the structural-relaxation behavior of atomic or small-molecular fluids. We discuss this analogy for the flow and deformation behavior close to the glass transition. Based on a mapping of temperature to effective hard-sphere packing, the stress–strain curves of typical bulk metallic glass formers can be quantitatively compared with those of hard-sphere suspensions. Experiments on colloids give access to the microscopic structure under deformation on a single-particle level, providing insight into the yielding mechanisms that are likely also relevant for metallic glasses. We discuss the influence of higher-order angular signals in connection with non-affine particle rearrangements close to yielding. The results are qualitatively explained on the basis of the mode-coupling theory. We further illustrate the analogy of pre-strain dependence of the linear-elastic moduli using data on PS-PNiPAM suspensions.
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16
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Zirdehi EM, Voigtmann T, Varnik F. Multiple character of non-monotonic size-dependence for relaxation dynamics in polymer-particle and binary mixtures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:275104. [PMID: 32287041 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab757c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Adding plasticizers is a well-known procedure to reduce the glass transition temperature in polymers. It has been recently shown that this effect shows a non-monotonic dependence on the size of additive molecules (2019 J. Chem. Phys. 150 024903). In this work, we demonstrate that, as the size of the additive molecules is changed at fixed concentration, multiple extrema emerge in the dependence of the system's relaxation time on the size ratio. The effect occurs on all relevant length scales including single monomer dynamics, decay of Rouse modes and relaxation of the chain's end-to-end vector. A qualitatively similar trend is found within mode-coupling theoretical results for a binary hard-sphere mixture. An interpretation of the effect in terms of local packing efficiency and coupling between the dynamics of minority and majority species is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias M Zirdehi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulation (ICAMS), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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17
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Santos-Flórez PA, de Koning M. Nonequilibrium processes in repulsive binary mixtures. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:234505. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0011375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Antonio Santos-Flórez
- Instituto de Física “Gleb Wataghin”, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-859 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurice de Koning
- Instituto de Física “Gleb Wataghin”, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-859 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Computing in Engineering & Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-861 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Martinez-Sotelo E, Escobedo-Sánchez MA, Laurati M. Effect of size disparity on the structure and dynamics of the small component in concentrated binary colloidal mixtures. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:164504. [PMID: 31675880 DOI: 10.1063/1.5122306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined, using confocal microscopy, the structure and dynamics of the small component in concentrated binary colloidal mixtures with moderate and large size ratios and different compositions of Polymethyl methacrylate particles. We show that when increasing the content of small spheres at fixed total volume fraction, a transition in the local environment of the small particles is observed, from a mixed environment of other small and large particles to a local environment of only small particles. The transition is rather abrupt for moderate size ratios, while it becomes particularly broad for large size ratios. This can be associated with the improved ability of the small particles to pack in between the large particles for larger size ratios. The dynamics reflect the transition with an increase of the mobility observed at intermediate mixing. This increase becomes particularly pronounced for large size ratios, leading to diffusive dynamics of the small particles, in agreement with predictions of theories of the glass transition in binary hard-sphere mixtures. The composition at which the fastest dynamics are observed is apparently independent of the size ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Martinez-Sotelo
- División de Ciencias e Ingenierás, Universidad de Guanajuato, Loma del Bosque 103, 37150 León, Mexico
| | - M A Escobedo-Sánchez
- Soft Matter Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 42150 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M Laurati
- División de Ciencias e Ingenierás, Universidad de Guanajuato, Loma del Bosque 103, 37150 León, Mexico
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19
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Vishwakarma M, Di Russo J. Why does epithelia display heterogeneity? Bridging physical and biological concepts. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:683-687. [PMID: 31494837 PMCID: PMC6815311 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00583-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Medhavi Vishwakarma
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 8TD, UK.
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jacopo Di Russo
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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20
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Michieletto D, Fitzpatrick R, Robertson-Anderson RM. Maximally stiffening composites require maximally coupled rather than maximally entangled polymer species. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:6703-6717. [PMID: 31386738 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01461f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymer composites are ideal candidates for next generation biomimetic soft materials because of their exquisite bottom-up designability. However, the richness of behaviours comes at a price: the need for precise and extensive characterisation of material properties over a highly-dimensional parameter space, as well as a quantitative understanding of the physical principles underlying desirable features. Here we couple large-scale Molecular Dynamics simulations with optical tweezers microrheology to characterise the viscoelastic response of DNA-actin composites. We discover that the previously observed non-monotonic stress-stiffening of these composites is robust, yet tunable, in a broad range of the parameter space that spans two orders of magnitude in DNA length. Importantly, we discover that the most pronounced stiffening is achieved when the species are maximally coupled, i.e., have similar number of entanglements, and not when the number of entanglements per DNA chain is largest. We further report novel dynamical oscillations of the microstructure of the composites, alternating between mixed and bundled phases, opening the door to future investigations. The generic nature of our system renders our results applicable to the behaviour of a broad class of polymer composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Michieletto
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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21
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Liu Y, Liu G, Zhang W, Du C, Wesdemiotis C, Cheng SZD. Cooperative Soft-Cluster Glass in Giant Molecular Clusters. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchu Liu
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - GengXin Liu
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chen Du
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chrys Wesdemiotis
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Stephen Z. D. Cheng
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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22
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Immink JN, Maris JJE, Crassous JJ, Stenhammar J, Schurtenberger P. Reversible Formation of Thermoresponsive Binary Particle Gels with Tunable Structural and Mechanical Properties. ACS NANO 2019; 13:3292-3300. [PMID: 30763513 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the collective behavior of suspended thermoresponsive microgels that expel solvent and subsequently decrease in size upon heating. Using a binary mixture of differently thermoresponsive microgels, we demonstrate how distinctly different gel structures form, depending on the heating profile used. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) imaging shows that slow heating ramps yield a core-shell network through sequential gelation, while fast heating ramps yield a random binary network through homogelation. Here, secondary particles are shown to aggregate in a monolayer fashion upon the first gel, which can be qualitatively reproduced through Brownian dynamics simulations using a model based on a temperature-dependent interaction potential incorporating steric repulsion and van der Waals attraction. Through oscillatory rheology it is shown that secondary microgel deposition enhances the structural integrity of the previously formed single species gel, and the final structure exhibits higher elastic and loss moduli than its compositionally identical homogelled counterpart. Furthermore, we demonstrate that aging processes in the scaffold before secondary microgel deposition govern the final structural properties of the bigel, which allows a detailed control over these properties. Our results thus demonstrate how the temperature profile can be used to finely control the structural and mechanical properties of these highly tunable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper N Immink
- Division of Physical Chemistry , Lund University , SE-22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - J J Erik Maris
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis , Utrecht University , 3584CG Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Jérôme J Crassous
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Joakim Stenhammar
- Division of Physical Chemistry , Lund University , SE-22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Peter Schurtenberger
- Division of Physical Chemistry , Lund University , SE-22100 Lund , Sweden
- Lund Institute of advanced Neutron and X-ray Science (LINXS) , Lund University , SE-22100 Lund , Sweden
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23
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Sentjabrskaja T, Jacob AR, Egelhaaf SU, Petekidis G, Voigtmann T, Laurati M. Binary colloidal glasses: linear viscoelasticity and its link to the microscopic structure and dynamics. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:2232-2244. [PMID: 30794267 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01349g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study the relation between the microscopic structure and dynamics and the macroscopic rheological response of glass-forming colloidal suspensions, namely binary colloidal hard-sphere mixtures with large size asymmetry (1 : 5) that span a large range of mixture compositions close to the glass transition. The dynamical shear moduli are measured by oscillatory rheology and the structure and dynamics on the single-particle level by confocal microscopy. The data are compared with Brownian Dynamics simulations and predictions from mode-coupling theory based on the Percus-Yevick approximation. Experiments, simulations and theory consistently observe a strong decrease of the intermediate-frequency mechanical moduli combined with faster dynamics at intermediate mixing ratios and hence a non-monotonic dependence of these parameters but a localization of the large particles which decreases monotonically as the fraction of small particles is increased. We find that the Generalized-Stokes Einstein relation applied to the mean square displacements of the two components leads to a reasonable estimate of the shear moduli of the mixtures and hence links the rheological response to the particle dynamics which in turn reflects the microscopic structure.
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24
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Laurati M, Sentjabrskaja T, Ruiz-Franco J, Egelhaaf SU, Zaccarelli E. Different scenarios of dynamic coupling in glassy colloidal mixtures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:18630-18638. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02559b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The composition of mixtures determines the mechanism of glass formation and dynamic coupling of different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Laurati
- División de Ciencias e Ingenierías
- Campus León
- Universidad de Guanajuato
- Loma del Bosque 103
- Lomas del Campestre
| | | | - José Ruiz-Franco
- Dipartimento di Fisica
- Università di Roma La Sapienza
- Roma 00185
- Italy
| | - Stefan U. Egelhaaf
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory
- Heinrich Heine University
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Emanuela Zaccarelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica
- Università di Roma La Sapienza
- Roma 00185
- Italy
- CNR-ISC (Institute for Complex Systems of National Research Council)
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25
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Oswald L, Grosser S, Smith DM, Käs JA. Jamming transitions in cancer. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D: APPLIED PHYSICS 2017; 50:483001. [PMID: 29628530 PMCID: PMC5884432 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/aa8e83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The traditional picture of tissues, where they are treated as liquids defined by properties such as surface tension or viscosity has been redefined during the last few decades by the more fundamental question: under which conditions do tissues display liquid-like or solid-like behaviour? As a result, basic concepts arising from the treatment of tissues as solid matter, such as cellular jamming and glassy tissues, have shifted into the current focus of biophysical research. Here, we review recent works examining the phase states of tissue with an emphasis on jamming transitions in cancer. When metastasis occurs, cells gain the ability to leave the primary tumour and infiltrate other parts of the body. Recent studies have shown that a linkage between an unjamming transition and tumour progression indeed exists, which could be of importance when designing surgery and treatment approaches for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Oswald
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Debye
Institute, Linnéstr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Grosser
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Debye
Institute, Linnéstr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - David M Smith
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstr. 1,
04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Josef A Käs
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Debye
Institute, Linnéstr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed.
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26
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Härtel A. Structure of electric double layers in capacitive systems and to what extent (classical) density functional theory describes it. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:423002. [PMID: 28898203 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa8342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing scientific interest is aimed at the properties and structure of electric double layers (EDLs), which are crucial for capacitive energy storage, water treatment, and energy harvesting technologies like supercapacitors, desalination devices, blue engines, and thermocapacitive heat-to-current converters. A promising tool to describe their physics on a microscopic level is (classical) density functional theory (DFT), which can be applied in order to analyze pair correlations and charge ordering in the primitive model of charged hard spheres. This simple model captures the main properties of ionic liquids and solutions and it predicts many of the phenomena that occur in EDLs. The latter often lead to anomalous response in the differential capacitance of EDLs. This work constructively reviews the powerful theoretical framework of DFT and its recent developments regarding the description of EDLs. It explains to what extent current approaches in DFT describe structural ordering and in-plane transitions in EDLs, which occur when the corresponding electrodes are charged. Further, the review briefly summarizes the history of modeling EDLs, presents applications, and points out limitations and strengths in present theoretical approaches. It concludes that DFT as a sophisticated microscopic theory for ionic systems is expecting a challenging but promising future in both fundamental research and applications in supercapacitive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Härtel
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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27
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van der
Scheer P, van de Laar T, van der Gucht J, Vlassopoulos D, Sprakel J. Fragility and Strength in Nanoparticle Glasses. ACS NANO 2017; 11:6755-6763. [PMID: 28658568 PMCID: PMC5530325 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Glasses formed from nano- and microparticles form a fascinating testing ground to explore and understand the origins of vitrification. For atomic and molecular glasses, a wide range of fragilities have been observed; in colloidal systems, these effects can be emulated by adjusting the particle softness. The colloidal glass transition can range from a superexponential, fragile increase in viscosity with increasing density for hard spheres to a strong, Arrhenius-like transition for compressible particles. However, the microscopic origin of fragility and strength remains elusive, both in the colloidal and in the atomic domains. Here, we propose a simple model that explains fragility changes in colloidal glasses by describing the volume regulation of compressible colloids in order to maintain osmotic equilibrium. Our simple model provides a microscopic explanation for fragility, and we show that it can describe experimental data for a variety of soft colloidal systems, ranging from microgels to star polymers and proteins. Our results highlight that the elastic energy per particle acts as an effective fragility order parameter, leading to a universal description of the colloidal glass transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter van der
Scheer
- Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter and Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ties van de Laar
- Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter and Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper van der Gucht
- Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter and Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitris Vlassopoulos
- FORTH,
Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, 711 10 Heraklion, Greece
- Department
of Materials Science & Technology, University
of Crete, 741 00 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Joris Sprakel
- Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter and Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
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28
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Chandran S, Begam N, Sprung M, Basu J. Coherent X-ray scattering reveals nature of dynamical transitions in nanoparticle–polymer suspensions. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Helgeson ME. Colloidal behavior of nanoemulsions: Interactions, structure, and rheology. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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30
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Agrawal A, Wenning BM, Choudhury S, Archer LA. Interactions, Structure, and Dynamics of Polymer-Tethered Nanoparticle Blends. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:8698-8708. [PMID: 27479587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on the structure, jamming, and dynamics of blends of self-suspended hairy silica nanoparticles grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). We find that favorable enthalpic attraction between tethered PEG and PMMA chains augment previously reported entropic attractions between tethered polymer chains in self-suspended suspensions to enhance particle-particle correlations, increase jamming, and slow down chain dynamics. As with their single-component counterparts, the hairy SiO2-PEG/SiO2-PMMA nanoparticle blends exhibit soft glassy rheological behavior and both the energy dissipated at yielding and the plateau elastic modulus display strong maxima in the symmetric case. A comparison of the small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements with theoretical analysis from density functional theory (DFT) reveals that the addition of SiO2-PMMA to a self-suspended SiO2-PEG suspension initially leads to a higher degree of stretching of the corona chains, which produces stronger interdigitation of the tethered chains, enhanced jamming, and slower polymer relaxation than observed in the single-component materials. By means of an analysis of the heat of mixing released upon blending tethered and untethered PEG and PMMA chains, we find that the strong enthalpic attraction between the grafted polymer chains enhances entropic attractive forces produced by the space-filling constraint on tethered ligands in self-suspended suspensions to produce entangled-polymer-like physical properties in polymers with molecular weights below the thresholds normally associated with the transition to an entangled state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Agrawal
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Brandon M Wenning
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Snehashis Choudhury
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lynden A Archer
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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31
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Rai DK, Beaucage G, Ratkanthwar K, Beaucage P, Ramachandran R, Hadjichristidis N. Quantification of interaction and topological parameters of polyisoprene star polymers under good solvent conditions. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:052501. [PMID: 27300939 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.052501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mass fractal scaling, reflected in the mass fractal dimension d_{f}, is independently impacted by topology, reflected in the connectivity dimension c, and by tortuosity, reflected in the minimum dimension d_{min}. The mass fractal dimension is related to these other dimensions by d_{f}=cd_{min}. Branched fractal structures have a higher mass fractal dimension compared to linear structures due to a higher c, and extended structures have a lower dimension compared to convoluted self-avoiding and Gaussian walks due to a lower d_{min}. It is found, in this work, that macromolecules in thermodynamic equilibrium display a fixed mass fractal dimension d_{f} under good solvent conditions, regardless of chain topology. These equilibrium structures accommodate changes in chain topology such as branching c by a decrease in chain tortuosity d_{min}. Symmetric star polymers are used to understand the structure of complex macromolecular topologies. A recently published hybrid Unified scattering function accounts for interarm correlations in symmetric star polymers along with polymer-solvent interaction for chains of arbitrary scaling dimension. Dilute solutions of linear, three-arm and six-arm polyisoprene stars are studied under good solvent conditions in deuterated p-xylene. Reduced chain tortuosity can be viewed as steric straightening of the arms. Steric effects for star topologies are quantified, and it is found that steric straightening of arms is more significant for lower-molecular-weight arms. The observation of constant d_{f} is explained through a modification of Flory-Krigbaum theory for branched polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh K Rai
- Biology and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, MS-6454 Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Gregory Beaucage
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 492 Rhodes Hall, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - Kedar Ratkanthwar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter Beaucage
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | | | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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32
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Appel J, Fölker B, Sprakel J. Mechanics at the glass-to-gel transition of thermoresponsive microgel suspensions. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:2515-2522. [PMID: 26843322 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm02940f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We study the rheology of systems of thermoresponsive microgels which can transition between a repulsive glass and an attractive gel state. We find marked differences between these two colloidal solids, within the same experimental system, due to the different origins for their dynamic arrest. While the rigidity of the repulsive systems depends solely on particle volume fraction, we find that the change in linear elasticity upon introducing attractive bonds in the system scales linearly with the adhesive bond strength which can be tuned with the temperature in our experiments. And while the glasses yield reversibly and with a rate-dependent energy dissipation, bond-reorganisation in the gels is suppressed so that their rupture is irreversible and accompanied by a high, but rate-independent, dissipation. These results highlight how colloids with responsive interactions can be employed to shed new light onto solid-solid transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Appel
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bart Fölker
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Joris Sprakel
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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33
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Munguira I, Casuso I, Takahashi H, Rico F, Miyagi A, Chami M, Scheuring S. Glasslike Membrane Protein Diffusion in a Crowded Membrane. ACS NANO 2016; 10:2584-90. [PMID: 26859708 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Many functions of the plasma membrane depend critically on its structure and dynamics. Observation of anomalous diffusion in vivo and in vitro using fluorescence microscopy and single particle tracking has advanced our concept of the membrane from a homogeneous fluid bilayer with freely diffusing proteins to a highly organized crowded and clustered mosaic of lipids and proteins. Unfortunately, anomalous diffusion could not be related to local molecular details given the lack of direct and unlabeled molecular observation capabilities. Here, we use high-speed atomic force microscopy and a novel analysis methodology to analyze the pore forming protein lysenin in a highly crowded environment and document coexistence of several diffusion regimes within one membrane. We show the formation of local glassy phases, where proteins are trapped in neighbor-formed cages for time scales up to 10 s, which had not been previously experimentally reported for biological membranes. Furthermore, around solid-like patches and immobile molecules a slower glass phase is detected leading to protein trapping and creating a perimeter of decreased membrane diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Munguira
- U1006 INSERM, Université Aix-Marseille, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy , 163 avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Ignacio Casuso
- U1006 INSERM, Université Aix-Marseille, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy , 163 avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Hirohide Takahashi
- U1006 INSERM, Université Aix-Marseille, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy , 163 avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Felix Rico
- U1006 INSERM, Université Aix-Marseille, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy , 163 avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Atsushi Miyagi
- U1006 INSERM, Université Aix-Marseille, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy , 163 avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Mohamed Chami
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics, Biozentrum, University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Scheuring
- U1006 INSERM, Université Aix-Marseille, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy , 163 avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
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Su J, Yao Z, de la Cruz MO. Vesicle Geometries Enabled by Dynamically Trapped States. ACS NANO 2016; 10:2287-2294. [PMID: 26795199 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and controlling vesicle shapes is a fundamental challenge in biophysics and materials design. In this paper, we design dynamic protocols for enlarging the shape space of both fluid and crystalline vesicles beyond the equilibrium zone. By removing water from within the vesicle at different rates, we numerically produced a series of dynamically trapped stable vesicle shapes for both fluid and crystalline vesicles in a highly controllable fashion. In crystalline vesicles that are continuously dehydrated, simulations show the initial appearance of small flat areas over the surface of the vesicles that ultimately merge to form fewer flat faces. In this way, the vesicles transform from a fullerene-like shape into various faceted polyhedrons. We perform analytical elasticity analysis to show that these salient features are attributable to the crystalline nature of the vesicle. The potential to use dynamic protocols, such as those used in this study, to engineer vesicle shape transformations is helpful for exploiting the richness of vesicle geometries for desired applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaye Su
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
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Nikoubashman A, Mahynski NA, Capone B, Panagiotopoulos AZ, Likos CN. Coarse-graining and phase behavior of model star polymer–colloid mixtures in solvents of varying quality. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:243108. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4931410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Nikoubashman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nathan A. Mahynski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Barbara Capone
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Christos N. Likos
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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36
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Jia D, Hollingsworth JV, Zhou Z, Cheng H, Han CC. Coupling of gelation and glass transition in a biphasic colloidal mixture-from gel-to-defective gel-to-glass. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:8818-26. [PMID: 26394164 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01531f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The state transition from gel to glass is studied in a biphasic mixture of polystyrene core/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) shell (CS) microgels and sulfonated polystyrene (PSS) particles. At 35 °C, the interaction between CS microgels is due to short-range van der Waals attraction, while that between PSS particles is from long-range electrostatic repulsion. During the variation of the relative ratio of the two species at a fixed apparent total volume fraction, the mixture exhibits a gel-to-defective gel-to-glass transition. When small amounts of PSS are introduced into the CS gel network, some of them are kinetically trapped, causing a change in its fractal structure, and act as defects to weaken the macroscopic gel strength. An increase of the PSS content in the mixture promotes the switch from the gel to the defective gel, e.g., the typical two-step yielding gel merges into one-step yielding. This phenomenon is an indication that inter-cluster bond breakage coincides with intra-cluster bond fracture. As the relative volume fraction of PSS exceeds a critical threshold, the gel network can no longer be formed; hence, the mixture exhibits characteristics of glass. A state diagram of the biphasic mixture is constructed, and the landscapes of the different transitions will be described in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Zhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - He Cheng
- China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dongguan 523803, China. and Dongguan Institute of Neutron Science (DINS), Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Charles C Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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Marzi D, Capone B, Marakis J, Merola MC, Truzzolillo D, Cipelletti L, Moingeon F, Gauthier M, Vlassopoulos D, Likos CN, Camargo M. Depletion, melting and reentrant solidification in mixtures of soft and hard colloids. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:8296-8312. [PMID: 26356800 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01551k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present extensive experimental and theoretical investigations on the structure, phase behavior, dynamics and rheology of model soft-hard colloidal mixtures realized with large, multiarm star polymers as the soft component and smaller, compact stars as the hard one. The number and length of the arms in star polymers control their softness, whereas the size ratio, the overall density and the composition are additional parameters varied for the mixtures. A coarse-grained theoretical strategy is employed to predict the structure of the systems as well as their ergodicity properties on the basis of mode coupling theory, for comparison with rheological measurements on the samples. We discovered that dynamically arrested star-polymer solutions recover their ergodicity upon addition of colloidal additives. At the same time the system displays demixing instability, and the binodal of the latter meets the glass line in a way that leads, upon addition of a sufficient amount of colloidal particles, to an arrested phase separation and reentrant solidification. We present evidence for a subsequent solid-to-solid transition well within the region of arrested phase separation, attributed to a hard-sphere-mixture type of glass, due to osmotic shrinkage of the stars at high colloidal particle concentrations. We systematically investigated the interplay of star functionality and size ratio with glass melting and demixing, and rationalized our findings by the depletion of the big stars due to the smaller colloids. This new depletion potential in which, contrary to the classic colloid-polymer case, the hard component depletes the soft one, has unique and novel characteristics and allows the calculation of phase diagrams for such mixtures. This work covers a broad range of soft-hard colloidal mixture compositions in which the soft component exceeds the hard one in size and provides general guidelines for controlling the properties of such complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Marzi
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Barbara Capone
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - John Marakis
- FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Heraklion, Crete 70013, Greece and Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete 71003, Greece
| | - Maria Consiglia Merola
- FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Heraklion, Crete 70013, Greece and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell' Informazione, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Roma 21, 81031 Aversa, Caserta, Italy
| | - Domenico Truzzolillo
- FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Heraklion, Crete 70013, Greece and Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Luca Cipelletti
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Firmin Moingeon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mario Gauthier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dimitris Vlassopoulos
- FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Heraklion, Crete 70013, Greece and Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete 71003, Greece
| | - Christos N Likos
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Manuel Camargo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Antonio Nariño - Campus Farallones, Km 18 via Cali-Jamundí, 760030 Santiago de Cali, Colombia.
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Härtel A, Kohl M, Schmiedeberg M. Anisotropic pair correlations in binary and multicomponent hard-sphere mixtures in the vicinity of a hard wall: A combined density functional theory and simulation study. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 92:042310. [PMID: 26565243 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.042310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental measure approach to classical density functional theory has been shown to be a powerful tool to predict various thermodynamic properties of hard-sphere systems. We employ this approach to determine not only one-particle densities but also two-particle correlations in binary and six-component mixtures of hard spheres in the vicinity of a hard wall. The broken isotropy enables us to carefully test a large variety of theoretically predicted two-particle features by quantitatively comparing them to the results of Brownian dynamics simulations. Specifically, we determine and compare the one-particle density, the total correlation functions, their contact values, and the force distributions acting on a particle. For this purpose, we follow the compressibility route and theoretically calculate the direct correlation functions by taking functional derivatives. We usually observe an excellent agreement between theory and simulations, except for small deviations in cases where local crystal-like order sets in. Our results set the course for further investigations on the consistency of functionals as well as for structural analysis on, e.g., the primitive model. In addition, we demonstrate that due to the suppression of local crystallization, the predictions of six-component mixtures are better than those in bidisperse or monodisperse systems. Finally, we are confident that our results of the structural modulations induced by the wall lead to a deeper understanding of ordering in anisotropic systems in general, the onset of heterogeneous crystallization, caging effects, and glassy dynamics close to a wall, as well as structural properties in systems with confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Härtel
- Institut of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Institute for Theoretical Physics II: Soft Matter, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Schmiedeberg
- Institute for Theoretical Physics II: Soft Matter, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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39
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Agrawal A, Yu HY, Srivastava S, Choudhury S, Narayanan S, Archer LA. Dynamics and yielding of binary self-suspended nanoparticle fluids. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:5224-5234. [PMID: 26053059 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00639b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Yielding and flow transitions in bi-disperse suspensions of particles are studied using a model system comprised of self-suspended spherical nanoparticles. An important feature of the materials is that the nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in the absence of a solvent. Addition of larger particles to a suspension of smaller ones is found to soften the suspensions, and in the limit of large size disparities, completely fluidizes the material. We show that these behaviors coincide with a speeding-up of de-correlation dynamics of all particles in the suspensions and are accompanied by a reduction in the energy dissipated at the yielding transition. We discuss our findings in terms of ligand-mediated jamming and un-jamming of hairy particle suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Agrawal
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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40
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Hendricks J, Capellmann R, Schofield AB, Egelhaaf SU, Laurati M. Different mechanisms for dynamical arrest in largely asymmetric binary mixtures. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 91:032308. [PMID: 25871111 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.032308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Using confocal microscopy we investigate binary colloidal mixtures with large size asymmetry, in particular the formation of dynamically arrested states of the large spheres. The volume fraction of the system is kept constant, and as the concentration of small spheres is increased we observe a series of transitions of the large spheres to different arrested states: an attractive glass, a gel, and an asymmetric glass. These states are distinguished by the degree of dynamical arrest and the amount of structural and dynamical heterogeneity. The transitions between two different arrested states occur through melting and the formation of a fluid state. While a space-spanning network of bonded particles is found in both arrested and fluid states, only arrested states are characterized by the presence of a space-spanning network of dynamically arrested particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hendricks
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - R Capellmann
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A B Schofield
- SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - S U Egelhaaf
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M Laurati
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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41
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Agrawal A, Choudhury S, Archer LA. A highly conductive, non-flammable polymer–nanoparticle hybrid electrolyte. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01031d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bi-dispersed hybrid nanoparticle electrolytes exhibit high ionic conductivity and reduced activation energy, enabling electrolytes with high particle loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Agrawal
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | | | - Lynden A. Archer
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
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42
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Gnan N, Das G, Sperl M, Sciortino F, Zaccarelli E. Multiple glass singularities and isodynamics in a core-softened model for glass-forming systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:258302. [PMID: 25554913 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.258302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the slow dynamics of a simple glass former whose interaction potential is the sum of a hard core and a square shoulder repulsion. According to mode coupling theory, the competition between the two repulsive length scales gives rise to a complex dynamic scenario: besides the fluid-glass line, the theory predicts a glass-glass line in the temperature-packing fraction plane with two end points. Interestingly, for critical values of the square-shoulder parameters, such end points can be accessed from the liquid phase. We verify, via extensive numerical simulations, the existence of both points through the observation of an unconventional subdiffusive/logarithmic dynamical behavior. Unexpectedly, we also discover that the simultaneous presence of two end points generates special loci in the state diagram along which the dynamics is identical at all length and time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Gnan
- CNR-ISC Uos Sapienza, Piazzale A. Moro 2, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Gayatri Das
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Universitá di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 2, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Matthias Sperl
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt, 51170 Köln, Germany
| | - Francesco Sciortino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Universitá di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 2, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Emanuela Zaccarelli
- CNR-ISC Uos Sapienza, Piazzale A. Moro 2, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Universitá di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 2, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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43
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44
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Lang S, Schilling R, Franosch T. Glassy dynamics in confinement: planar and bulk limits of the mode-coupling theory. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:062126. [PMID: 25615063 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.062126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate how the matrix-valued mode-coupling theory of the glass transition and glassy dynamics in planar confinement converges to the corresponding theory for two-dimensional (2D) planar and the three-dimensional bulk liquid, provided the wall potential satisfies certain conditions. Since the mode-coupling theory relies on the static properties as input, the emergence of a homogeneous limit for the matrix-valued intermediate scattering functions is directly connected to the convergence of the corresponding static quantities to their conventional counterparts. We show that the 2D limit is more subtle than the bulk limit, in particular, the in-planar dynamics decouples from the motion perpendicular to the walls. We investigate the frozen-in parts of the intermediate scattering function in the glass state and find that the limits time t→∞ and effective wall separation L→0 do not commute due to the mutual coupling of the residual transversal and lateral force kernels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lang
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25/2, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rolf Schilling
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Franosch
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25/2, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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45
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Kohl M, Schmiedeberg M. Particle segregation in a sedimenting bidisperse soft sphere system. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:4340-4347. [PMID: 24797149 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00140k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We study the sedimentation process of a binary colloidal soft sphere system where significant overlaps of the particles are possible. We employ estimates of the equation of states in the small and large pressure limit in order to predict the final states of the sedimentation process. Furthermore, Brownian dynamics simulations were performed in order to confirm the predictions and to explore the dynamics of the sedimentation. We observe that the segregation process due to gravity usually consists of multiple steps. Instead of single particles moving upwards or downwards we usually observe that first local segregation occurs, then clusters consisting of particles of one species are formed that finally sink towards their equilibrium position within the final sedimentation profile. The possible final states include complex phases like a phase consisting of large particles on the top and the bottom of the system with small particles in between. We also observe metastable network-like structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kohl
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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46
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Glass-glass transition during aging of a colloidal clay. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4049. [PMID: 24887086 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Colloidal suspensions are characterized by a variety of microscopic interactions, which generate unconventional phase diagrams encompassing fluid, gel and glassy states and offer the possibility to study new phase and/or state transitions. Among these, glass-glass transitions are rare to be found, especially at ambient conditions. Here, through a combination of dilution experiments, X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, small angle X-ray scattering, rheological measurements and Monte Carlo simulations, we provide evidence of a spontaneous glass-glass transition in a colloidal clay. Two different glassy states are distinguished with evolving waiting time: a first one, dominated by long-range screened Coulombic repulsion (Wigner glass) and a second one, stabilized by orientational attractions (Disconnected House of Cards glass), occurring after a much longer time. These findings may have implications for heterogeneously charged systems out-of-equilibrium and for applications where a fine control of the local order and/or long term stability of the amorphous materials are required.
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47
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Rovigatti L, Bomboi F, Sciortino F. Accurate phase diagram of tetravalent DNA nanostars. J Chem Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4870467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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48
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Ott T, Löwen H, Bonitz M. Dynamics of two-dimensional one-component and binary Yukawa systems in a magnetic field. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:013105. [PMID: 24580344 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.013105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We consider two-dimensional Yukawa systems in a perpendicular magnetic field. Computer simulations of both one-component and binary systems are used to explore the equilibrium particle dynamics in the fluid state. The mobility is found to scale with the inverse of the magnetic field strength (Bohm diffusion), for strong fields (ωc/ωp≳1). For bidisperse mixtures, the magnetic field dependence of the long-time mobility depends on the particle species, providing an external control of their mobility ratio. At large magnetic fields, the highly charged particles are almost immobilized by the magnetic field and form a porous matrix of obstacles for the mobile low-charge particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ott
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Leibnizstraße 15, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - H Löwen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M Bonitz
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Leibnizstraße 15, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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49
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Truzzolillo D, Marzi D, Marakis J, Capone B, Camargo M, Munam A, Moingeon F, Gauthier M, Likos CN, Vlassopoulos D. Glassy states in asymmetric mixtures of soft and hard colloids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:208301. [PMID: 24289711 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.208301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
By employing rheological experiments, mode coupling theory, and computer simulations based on realistic coarse-grained models, we investigate the effects of small, hard colloids on the glassy states formed by large, soft colloids. Multiarm star polymers mimic hard and soft colloids by appropriately varying the number and size of their arms. The addition of hard colloids leads, depending on their concentration, to either melting of the soft glass or the emergence of two distinct glassy states. We explain our findings by depletion of the colloids adjacent to the stars, which leads to an arrested phase separation when the repulsive glass line meets the demixing binodal. The parameter-free agreement between experiment, theory, and simulations suggests the generic nature of our results and opens the route for designing soft-hard colloidal composites with tunable rheology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Truzzolillo
- FO.R.T.H., Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, and Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, GR-71003 Heraklion, Greece and Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR 5221, F-34095 Montpellier, France and CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR 5221, F-34095 Montpellier, France
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50
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Schmiedeberg M. Multiple reentrant glass transitions of soft spheres at high densities: monotonicity of the curves of constant relaxation time in jamming phase diagrams depending on temperature over pressure and pressure. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 87:052310. [PMID: 23767543 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.87.052310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
By using molecular-dynamics simulations, we determine the jamming phase diagrams at high densities for a bidisperse mixture of soft spheres that interact according to repulsive power-law pair potentials. We observe that the relaxation time varies nonmonotonically as a function of density at constant temperature. Therefore, the jamming phase diagrams contain multiple reentrant glass transitions if temperature and density are used as control parameters. However, if we consider a new formulation of the jamming phase diagrams where temperature over pressure and pressure are employed as control parameters, no nonmonotonic behavior is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schmiedeberg
- Institut für Theoretische Physik 2: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
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