1
|
Lin TC, Qi X. Cation Valences and Multiferroic Properties of EuTiO 3 Co-Doped with Ba and Transition Metals of Co/Ni. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6652. [PMID: 36233994 PMCID: PMC9572895 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Eu1-xBaxTi1-yMyO3 (M = Co or Ni) was sintered at 1400 °C under a reduction atmosphere. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the mixed valences of Eu2+/Eu3+ and Ti4+/Ti3+ in EuTiO3 and Eu0.7Ba0.3TiO3, as well as some oxygen vacancies required to keep the charge neutrality. The co-doping of Co2+/Ni2+ in Eu0.7Ba0.3TiO3 resulted in the disappearance of oxygen vacancies, as a result of a reduction in Ti3+ numbers and an increase in Eu3+ numbers. On the other hand, Ba2+ doping led to an increased lattice parameter due to its larger ionic size than Eu2+, whereas the Co2+/Ni2+ co-doping resulted in smaller lattice parameters because of the combined effects of ionic size and variation in the oxygen-vacancy numbers. Eu0.7Ba0.3TiO3 exhibited a clear ferroelectricity, which persisted in the Co2+/Ni2+ co-doped samples until the doping levels of y = 0.05 and 0.10, respectively. Eu0.7Ba0.3TiO3 remained to be antiferromagnetic with a reduced transition temperature of 3.1 K, but co-doping of Co2+/Ni2+ turned the samples from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic with transition temperatures of 2.98 K and 2.72 K, respectively. The cause for such a transition could not be explained by the larger lattice volume, oxygen vacancies and mixed valences of Eu2+/Eu3+, which were proposed in previous works. Instead, it was more likely to arise from a large asymmetric distortion of the Eu-O polyhedron introduced by the aliovalent doping, which promotes the admixture of Eu 5d and 4f states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chiao Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan
| | - Xiaoding Qi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan
- Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Quack M, Seyfang G, Wichmann G. Perspectives on parity violation in chiral molecules: theory, spectroscopic experiment and biomolecular homochirality. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10598-10643. [PMID: 36320700 PMCID: PMC9491092 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01323a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The reflection (or ‘mirror’) symmetry of space is among the fundamental symmetries of physics. It is connected to the conservation law for the quantum number parity and a fundamental ‘non-observable’ property of space (as defined by an absolute ‘left-handed’ or ‘right-handed’ coordinate system). The discovery of the violation of this symmetry – the non-conservation of parity or ‘parity violation’ – in 1956/1957 had an important influence on the further development of physics. In chemistry the mirror symmetry of space is connected to the existence of enantiomers as isomers of chiral (‘handed’) molecules. These isomers would relate to each other as idealized left or right hand or as image and mirror image and would be energetically exactly equivalent with perfect space inversion symmetry. Parity violation results in an extremely small ‘parity violating’ energy difference between the ground states of the enantiomers which can be theoretically calculated to be about 100 aeV to 1 feV (equivalent to 10−11 to 10−10 J mol−1), depending on the molecule, but which has not yet been detected experimentally. Its detection remains one of the great challenges of current physical–chemical stereochemistry, with implications also for fundamental problems in physics. In biochemistry and molecular biology one finds a related fundamental question unanswered for more than 100 years: the evolution of ‘homochirality’, which is the practically exclusive preference of one chiral, enantiomeric form as building blocks in the biopolymers of all known forms of life (the l-amino acids in proteins and d-sugars in DNA, not the reverse d-amino acids or l-sugars). In astrobiology the spectroscopic detection of homochirality could be used as strong evidence for the existence of extraterrestrial life, if any. After a brief conceptual and historical introduction we review the development, current status, and progress along these three lines of research: theory, spectroscopic experiment and the outlook towards an understanding of the evolution of biomolecular homochirality. The reflection (or ‘mirror’) symmetry of space is among the fundamental symmetries of physics. It is connected to the conservation law for the quantum number purity and its violation and has a fundamental relation to stereochemistry and molecular chirality.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Quack
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georg Seyfang
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Calcium Tungstate Doped with Rare Earth Ions Synthesized at Low Temperatures for Photoactive Composite and Anti-Counterfeiting Applications. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11101214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A precursor was prepared using a co-precipitation method to synthesize crystalline calcium tungstate. The prepared precursor was dried in an oven at 80 °C for 18 h. The dried powders, prepared without a heat treatment process, were observed in XRD analysis to be a crystalline CaWO4 phase, confirming that the synthesis of crystalline CaWO4 is possible even at low temperature. To use this crystalline CaWO4 as a light emitting material, rare earth ions were added when preparing the precursor. The CaWO4 powders doped with terbium (Tb3+) and europium (Eu3+) ions, respectively, were also observed to be crystalline in XRD analysis. The luminescence of the undoped CaWO4 sample exhibited a wide range of 300~600 nm and blue emission with a central peak of 420 nm. The Tb3+-doped sample showed green light emission at 488, 545, 585, and 620 nm, and the Eu3+-doped sample showed red light emission at 592, 614, 651, and 699 nm. Blue, green, and red CaWO4 powders with various luminescence properties were mixed with glass powder and heat-treated at 600 °C to fabricate a blue luminescent PiG disk. In addition, a flexible green and red light-emitting composite was prepared by mixing it with a silicone-based polymer. An anti-counterfeiting application was prepared by using the phosphor in an ink, which could not be identified with the naked eye but can be identified under UV light.
Collapse
|
4
|
Farahmand N, McGinn CK, Zhang Q, Gai Z, Kymissis I, O'Brien S. Magnetic and dielectric property control in the multivalent nanoscale perovskite Eu 0.5Ba 0.5TiO 3. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10365-10384. [PMID: 33988208 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00588j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report nanoscale Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3, a multiferroic in the bulk and candidate in the search to quantify the electric dipole moment of the electron. Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3, in the form of nanoparticles and other nanostructures is interesting for nanocomposite integration, biomedical imaging and fundamental research, based upon the prospect of polarizability, f-orbital magnetism and tunable optical/radio luminescence. We developed a [non-hydrolytic]sol-[H2O-activated]gel route, derived from in-house metallic Ba(s)/Eu(s) alkoxide precursors and Ti{(OCH(CH3)2}4. Two distinct nanoscale compounds of Ba:Ti:Eu with the parent perovskite crystal structure were produced, with variable dielectric, magnetic and optical properties, based on altering the oxidizing/reducing conditions. Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3 prepared under air/O2 atmospheres produced a spherical core-shell nanostructure (30-35 nm), with perovskite Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3 nanocrystal core-insulating oxide shell layer (∼3 nm), presumed a pre-pyrochlore layer abundant with Eu3+. Fluorescence spectroscopy shows a high intensity 5D0→7F2 transition at 622 nm and strong red fluorescence. The core/shell structure demonstrated excellent capacitive properties: assembly into dielectric thin films gave low conductivity (2133 GΩ mm-1) and an extremely stable, low loss permittivity of εeff∼25 over a wide frequency range (tan δ < 0.01, 100 kHz-2 MHz). Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3 prepared under H2/argon produced more irregular shaped nanocrystals (20-25) nm, with a thin film permittivity around 4 times greater (εeff 101, tan δ < 0.05, 10 kHz-2 MHz, σ∼59.54 kΩ mm-1). Field-cooled magnetization values of 0.025 emu g-1 for EBTO-Air and 0.84 emu g-1 for EBTO-Argon were observed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveals a complex interplay of EuII/III/TiIII/IV configurations which contribute to the observed ferroic and fluorescence behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Farahmand
- The CUNY Energy Institute, City University of New York, Steinman Hall, 160 Convent Avenue, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aybas D, Adam J, Blumenthal E, Gramolin AV, Johnson D, Kleyheeg A, Afach S, Blanchard JW, Centers GP, Garcon A, Engler M, Figueroa NL, Sendra MG, Wickenbrock A, Lawson M, Wang T, Wu T, Luo H, Mani H, Mauskopf P, Graham PW, Rajendran S, Kimball DFJ, Budker D, Sushkov AO. Search for Axionlike Dark Matter Using Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:141802. [PMID: 33891466 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.141802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of an experimental search for ultralight axionlike dark matter in the mass range 162-166 neV. The detection scheme of our Cosmic Axion Spin Precession Experiment is based on a precision measurement of ^{207}Pb solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance in a polarized ferroelectric crystal. Axionlike dark matter can exert an oscillating torque on ^{207}Pb nuclear spins via the electric dipole moment coupling g_{d} or via the gradient coupling g_{aNN}. We calibrate the detector and characterize the excitation spectrum and relaxation parameters of the nuclear spin ensemble with pulsed magnetic resonance measurements in a 4.4 T magnetic field. We sweep the magnetic field near this value and search for axionlike dark matter with Compton frequency within a 1 MHz band centered at 39.65 MHz. Our measurements place the upper bounds |g_{d}|<9.5×10^{-4} GeV^{-2} and |g_{aNN}|<2.8×10^{-1} GeV^{-1} (95% confidence level) in this frequency range. The constraint on g_{d} corresponds to an upper bound of 1.0×10^{-21} e cm on the amplitude of oscillations of the neutron electric dipole moment and 4.3×10^{-6} on the amplitude of oscillations of CP-violating θ parameter of quantum chromodynamics. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance to search for axionlike dark matter in the neV mass range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Aybas
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Janos Adam
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Emmy Blumenthal
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | | | - Dorian Johnson
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Annalies Kleyheeg
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Samer Afach
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - John W Blanchard
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gary P Centers
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Antoine Garcon
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Engler
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nataniel L Figueroa
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marina Gil Sendra
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Arne Wickenbrock
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthew Lawson
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 23, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Teng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronics, and Center for Quantum Information Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haosu Luo
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Hamdi Mani
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Philip Mauskopf
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Peter W Graham
- Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Surjeet Rajendran
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Derek F Jackson Kimball
- Department of Physics, California State University-East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - Alexander O Sushkov
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Affiliation(s)
- Zongrui Wang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore Singapore
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Overview of the Cosmic Axion Spin Precession Experiment (CASPEr). MICROWAVE CAVITIES AND DETECTORS FOR AXION RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43761-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
|
8
|
Spaldin NA. Multiferroics beyond electric-field control of magnetism. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2020; 476:20190542. [PMID: 32082059 PMCID: PMC7016559 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2019.0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiferroic materials, with their combined and coupled magnetism and ferroelectricity, provide a playground for studying new physics and chemistry as well as a platform for the development of novel devices and technologies. Based on my July 2017 Royal Society Inaugural Lecture, I review recent progress and propose future directions in the fundamentals and applications of multiferroics, with a focus on initially unanticipated developments outside of the core activity of electric-field control of magnetism.
Collapse
|
9
|
Narayan A, Cano A, Balatsky AV, Spaldin NA. Multiferroic quantum criticality. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:223-228. [PMID: 30598537 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The zero-temperature limit of a continuous phase transition is marked by a quantum critical point, which can generate physical effects that extend to elevated temperatures. Magnetic quantum criticality is now well established, and has been explored in systems ranging from heavy fermion metals to quantum Ising materials. Ferroelectric quantum critical behaviour has also been recently demonstrated, motivating a flurry of research investigating its consequences. Here, we introduce the concept of multiferroic quantum criticality, in which both magnetic and ferroelectric quantum criticality occur in the same system. We develop the phenomenology of multiferroic quantum criticality and describe the associated experimental signatures, such as phase stability and modified scaling relations of observables. We propose several material systems that could be tuned to multiferroic quantum criticality utilizing alloying and strain as control parameters. We hope that these results stimulate exploration of the interplay between different kinds of quantum critical behaviours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrés Cano
- Materials Theory, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institut Néel, CNRS & Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexander V Balatsky
- NORDITA, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute for Materials Science, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Spaldin NA, Ramesh R. Advances in magnetoelectric multiferroics. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:203-212. [PMID: 30783227 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0275-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of magnetic properties by an electric field in magnetoelectric multiferroic materials has driven significant research activity, with the goal of realizing their transformative technological potential. Here, we review progress in the fundamental understanding and design of new multiferroic materials, advances in characterization and modelling tools to describe them, and the exploration of devices and applications. Focusing on the translation of the many scientific breakthroughs into technological innovations, we identify the key open questions in the field where targeted research activities could have maximum impact in transitioning scientific discoveries into real applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N A Spaldin
- Materials Theory, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - R Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Iqbal AM, Jaffari GH, Saleemi M, Ceylan A. Relaxation dynamics and polydispersivity associated with defects and ferroelectric correlations in Ba-doped EuTiO 3. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:465402. [PMID: 29053467 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa8b95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present the frequency- and temperature-dependent dielectric response of Eu1-x Ba x TiO3 (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.5) in detail. Excluding grain boundary effects, four relaxation mechanisms were observed. Relaxation dynamics were observed to arise due to hopping conduction associated with defects, namely oxygen vacancies as well as Eu3+ and Ti3+ ions. Dielectric relaxation analysis led to the identification of Ti ions in two different environments with different relaxation rates in the overall EuTiO3 perovskite structure. The emergence of another relaxation mechanism associated with ferroelectric order as a consequence of the formation of polar regions was also observed for higher Ba concentrations. The addition of Ba led to the identification of relaxation dynamics associated with hopping conduction between Eu ions, Ti ions (in the regions with and without oxygen vacancies) and with the formation of ferroelectric polar regions. Furthermore, the polydispersivity and relaxation times were extracted within the framework of the modified Debye model. Relaxation times have been observed to increase with a decrease in temperature while larger values of polydispersivity reveal a wide distribution of relaxation times due to the presence of lattice parameter and energy barrier distributions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asad M Iqbal
- Department of Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Polymorphism, and Magnetism of Eu(CN3H4)2 and First Evidence of EuC(NH)3. INORGANICS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics5010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
13
|
Rajan S, Gazzali PMM, Chandrasekaran G. Impact of Fe on structural modification and room temperature magnetic ordering in BaTiO 3. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 171:80-89. [PMID: 27487577 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ba1-xFexTiO3 (x=0, 0.005, 0.01) polycrystalline ceramics are prepared using solid state reaction method. Structural studies through XRD, Raman and XPS confirm single tetragonal phase for BaTiO3 whereas a structural disorder tends to intervene with the introduction of smaller Fe ions which reduces the tolerance factor and tetragonality ratio. Grain size of the samples is estimated using SEM micrographs with ImageJ software and chemical composition is confirmed using EDX spectra. Raman spectra measured in the temperature range of 303K to 573K showers light on the structural phase transition exploiting a significant disappearance of the 306cm-1 mode. Further, structural analyses suggest the entry of Fe into the B-site upon increasing its concentration in BaTiO3. The dopant sensitive modes lying at around 640cm-1 and 650cm-1 are assigned to lattice strain. A reduction in ferroelectric to paraelectric transition temperature is observed with a transformation from diffused type to normal ferroelectric upon the increased Fe content. The oxidation state of Fe in the BaTiO3 lattice has been decided using EPR Spectra precisely. Room temperature magnetic ordering is observed in Fe substituted BaTiO3 using PPMS. The coexistence of ferroelectric and magnetic ordering is established in the present study for optimized Fe substituted BaTiO3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Rajan
- Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - P M Mohammed Gazzali
- Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - G Chandrasekaran
- Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xiao X, Widenmeyer M, Xie W, Zou T, Yoon S, Scavini M, Checchia S, Zhong Z, Hansmann P, Kilper S, Kovalevsky A, Weidenkaff A. Tailoring the structure and thermoelectric properties of BaTiO3via Eu2+ substitution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:13469-13480. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00020k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The presence of filled Eu2+ 4f states at the top of the valence band significantly affect the electrical transport properties of Ba1−xEuxTiO3−δ compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Xiao
- University of Stuttgart
- Institute for Materials Science
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Marc Widenmeyer
- University of Stuttgart
- Institute for Materials Science
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Wenjie Xie
- University of Stuttgart
- Institute for Materials Science
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Tianhua Zou
- University of Stuttgart
- Institute for Materials Science
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Songhak Yoon
- University of Stuttgart
- Institute for Materials Science
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Marco Scavini
- University of Milan
- Chemistry Department
- I-20133 Milano
- Italy
- CNR-ISTM
| | | | - Zhicheng Zhong
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Philipp Hansmann
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Stefan Kilper
- University of Stuttgart
- Institute for Materials Science
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Andrei Kovalevsky
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials
- University of Aveiro
- Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - Anke Weidenkaff
- University of Stuttgart
- Institute for Materials Science
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Skripnikov LV, Titov AV. LCAO-based theoretical study of PbTiO3 crystal to search for parity and time reversal violating interaction in solids. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:054115. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4959973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. V. Skripnikov
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute” B.P. Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad District 188300, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia
| | - A. V. Titov
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute” B.P. Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad District 188300, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang H, Flacau R, Du X, Manuel P, Cong J, Sun Y, Sun J, Yang S, Li G, Liao F, Lin J. Multiferroicity Broken by Commensurate Magnetic Ordering in Terbium Orthomanganite. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:1098-103. [PMID: 26833883 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201501188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
TbMnO3 is an important multiferroic material with strong coupling between magnetic and ferroelectric orderings. Incommensurate magnetic ordering is suggested to be vital for this coupling in TbMnO3 , which can be modified by doping at the site of Tb and/or Mn. Our study shows that a self-doped solid solution Tb1-x Mny MnO3 (y≤x) can be formed with Mn doped into the site of Tb of TbMnO3 . When y is small Tb1-x Mny MnO3 shows both ferroelectric and incommensurate magnetic orders at low temperature, which is similar to TbMnO3 . However, if y is large enough, a commensurate antiferromagnetic ordering appears along with the incommensurate magnetic ordering to prevent the appearance of multiferroicity in Tb1-x Mny MnO3 . That is to say, the magnetoeletric coupling can be broken by the co-existence of a commensurate antiferromagnetic ordering. This finding may be useful to the study of TbMnO3 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Roxana Flacau
- Canadian Neutron Beam Centre, Chalk River Laboratories, Chalk River, ON, K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Xin Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Pascal Manuel
- ISIS Neutron Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Junzhuang Cong
- Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
| | - Young Sun
- Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
| | - Junliang Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Sihai Yang
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Guobao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Fuhui Liao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang H, Flacau R, Sun J, Li G, Liao F, Lin J. Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of (Tb1–xMny)MnO3−δ. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:4535-40. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500222y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of
Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Roxana Flacau
- Chalk River Laboratories, Canadian Neutron Beam Centre, Chalk River, Ontario K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Junliang Sun
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of
Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Guobao Li
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of
Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Fuhui Liao
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of
Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Lin
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of
Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li W, Zhao R, Wang L, Tang R, Zhu Y, Lee JH, Cao H, Cai T, Guo H, Wang C, Ling L, Pi L, Jin K, Zhang Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Ju S, Yang H. Oxygen-vacancy-induced antiferromagnetism to ferromagnetism transformation in Eu₀.₅Ba₀.₅TiO₃₋δ multiferroic thin films. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2618. [PMID: 24018399 PMCID: PMC3767944 DOI: 10.1038/srep02618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen vacancies (V(O)) effects on magnetic ordering in Eu₀.₅Ba₀.₅TiO₃₋δ (EBTO₃₋δ) thin films have been investigated using a combination of experimental measurements and first-principles density-functional calculations. Two kinds of EBTO₃₋δ thin films with different oxygen deficiency have been fabricated. A nuclear resonance backscattering spectrometry technique has been used to quantitatively measure contents of the V(O). Eu₀.₅Ba₀.₅TiO₃ ceramics have been known to exhibit ferroelectric (FE) and G-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) properties. While, a ferromagnetic (FM) behavior with a Curie temperature of 1.85 K has been found in the EBTO₃₋δ thin films. Spin-polarized Ti(3+) ions, which originated from the V(O), has been proven to mediate a FM coupling between the local Eu 4f spins and were believed to be responsible for the great change of the magnetic ordering. Considering the easy formation of V(O), our work opens up a new avenue for achieving co-existence of FM and FE orders in oxide materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Run Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Le Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Rujun Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3128, USA
| | - Joo Hwan Lee
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3128, USA
| | - Haixia Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Tianyi Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Haizhong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Can Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Langsheng Ling
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Li Pi
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Kuijuan Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuheng Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3128, USA
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Sheng Ju
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Eckel S, Sushkov AO, Lamoreaux SK. Limit on the electron electric dipole moment using paramagnetic ferroelectric Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:193003. [PMID: 23215379 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.193003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report on the results of a search for the electron electric dipole moment d(e) using paramagnetic ferroelectric Eu(0.5)Ba(0.5)TiO(3). The electric polarization creates an effective electric field that makes it energetically favorable for the spins of the seven unpaired 4f electrons of the Eu(2+) to orient along the polarization, provided that d(e) ≠ 0. This interaction gives rise to sample magnetization, correlated with its electric polarization, and is therefore equivalent to a linear magnetoelectric effect. A SQUID magnetometer is used to search for the resulting magnetization. We obtain d(e) = (-1.07 ± 3.06(stat) ± 1.74(syst)) × 10(-25) ecm, implying an upper limit of |d(e)|<6.05 × 10(-25) ecm (90% confidence).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Eckel
- Yale University, PO Box 208120, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8120, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hutzler NR, Lu HI, Doyle JM. The Buffer Gas Beam: An Intense, Cold, and Slow Source for Atoms and Molecules. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4803-27. [PMID: 22571401 DOI: 10.1021/cr200362u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Hutzler
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02138, United States
| | - Hsin-I Lu
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02138, United States
| | - John M. Doyle
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02138, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Akamatsu H, Fujita K, Hayashi H, Kawamoto T, Kumagai Y, Zong Y, Iwata K, Oba F, Tanaka I, Tanaka K. Crystal and Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties of Divalent Europium Perovskite Oxides EuMO3 (M = Ti, Zr, and Hf): Experimental and First-Principles Approaches. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:4560-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ic2024567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Akamatsu
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Material Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hayashi
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kawamoto
- Department of Material Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yu Kumagai
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yanhua Zong
- Department of Material Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Koji Iwata
- Department of Material Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Fumiyasu Oba
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Isao Tanaka
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Tanaka
- Department of Material Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Goian V, Kamba S, Nuzhnyy D, Vaněk P, Kempa M, Bovtun V, Knížek K, Prokleška J, Borodavka F, Ledinský M, Gregora I. Dielectric, magnetic and structural properties of novel multiferroic Eu(0.5)Ba(0.5)TiO(3) ceramics. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2011; 23:025904. [PMID: 21406850 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/2/025904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric properties of Eu(0.5)Ba(0.5)TiO(3) ceramics were investigated between 10 and 300 K in the frequency range of 1 MHz-100 THz. Permittivity exhibits a strong peak near the ferroelectric phase transition at 215 K. This is mainly due to softening of the lowest frequency polar phonon revealed in THz and infrared spectra. Dielectric relaxation was observed also below the ferroelectric soft mode frequency in the whole investigated temperature region, but it is probably caused by some defects such as Eu(3 + ) cations or oxygen vacancies. This implies that the ferroelectric phase transition has predominantly a displacive character. Raman scattering spectra revealed a lowering of crystal symmetry in the ferroelectric phase and XRD analysis indicated orthorhombic A2mm symmetry below 215 K. The magnetic measurements performed at various frequencies in the field cooled and field heating regime after cooling in zero magnetic fields excluded spin glass behavior and proved an antiferromagnetic order below 1.9 K in Eu(0.5)Ba(0.5)TiO(3).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Goian
- Institute of Physics ASCR, Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Budker D. Magnetoelectrics: The Universe in a solid design. NATURE MATERIALS 2010; 9:608-609. [PMID: 20651798 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
|