1
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Amigo N. Characterization of Z cluster connectivity in CuZr metallic glasses. J Mol Model 2024; 30:184. [PMID: 38789830 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Previous studies have proposed that the backbone of metallic glasses consists mainly of high-centrosymmetric structures, particularly Z clusters, which are responsible for the strength of the glass matrix. However, exploring these networks involves medium-range order analysis, a topic still not fully understood in the literature. This study investigates the atomic connectivity of CuZr metallic glasses by analyzing Z clusters using complex networks to establish their relationship with the mechanical behavior. Our results reveal higher connectivity and larger network sizes in the sample exhibiting the most pronounced stress overshoot, while the opposite trend is observed in samples with less pronounced stress overshoot. Metrics, such as density and clustering coefficient, further validate the correlation between Z cluster connectivity and mechanical behavior. These findings underscore the critical role of Z cluster connectivity in understanding the mechanical response of metallic glasses. METHODS Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted using the LAMMPS software. Atomic interactions in Cu50 Zr50 metallic glasses were modeled using the embedded atom method, and compression tests were performed to assess the mechanical response. Atomic connectivity was examined through complex network analysis based on Z clusters, utilizing the NetworkX library for the Python programming language. Within this framework, parameters such as the average coordination number, network size, and network density were calculated, revealing the relationship between the interpenetrating Z cluster structure and the mechanical response of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Amigo
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemática y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Las Palmeras 3360, Ñuñoa, 7800003, Santiago, Chile.
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2
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Hardin TJ, Chandross M, Meena R, Fajardo S, Giovanis D, Kevrekidis I, Falk ML, Shields MD. Revealing the hidden structure of disordered materials by parameterizing their local structural manifold. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4424. [PMID: 38789423 PMCID: PMC11126625 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Durable interest in developing a framework for the detailed structure of glassy materials has produced numerous structural descriptors that trade off between general applicability and interpretability. However, none approach the combination of simplicity and wide-ranging predictive power of the lattice-grain-defect framework for crystalline materials. Working from the hypothesis that the local atomic environments of a glassy material are constrained by enthalpy minimization to a low-dimensional manifold in atomic coordinate space, we develop a generalized distance function, the Gaussian Integral Inner Product (GIIP) distance, in connection with agglomerative clustering and diffusion maps, to parameterize that manifold. Applying this approach to a two-dimensional model crystal and a three-dimensional binary model metallic glass results in parameters interpretable as coordination number, composition, volumetric strain, and local symmetry. In particular, we show that a more slowly quenched glass has a higher degree of local tetrahedral symmetry at the expense of cyclic symmetry. While these descriptors require post-hoc interpretation, they minimize bias rooted in crystalline materials science and illuminate a range of structural trends that might otherwise be missed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Hardin
- Material, Physical, and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Michael Chandross
- Material, Physical, and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Rahul Meena
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Spencer Fajardo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dimitris Giovanis
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ioannis Kevrekidis
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael L Falk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael D Shields
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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3
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Gu J, Duan F, Liu S, Cha W, Lu J. Phase Engineering of Nanostructural Metallic Materials: Classification, Structures, and Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1247-1287. [PMID: 38259248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Metallic materials are usually composed of single phase or multiple phases, which refers to homogeneous regions with distinct types of the atom arrangement. The recent studies on nanostructured metallic materials provide a variety of promising approaches to engineer the phases at the nanoscale. Tailoring phase size, phase distribution, and introducing new structures via phase transformation contribute to the precise modification in deformation behaviors and electronic structures of nanostructural metallic materials. Therefore, phase engineering of nanostructured metallic materials is expected to pave an innovative way to develop materials with advanced mechanical and functional properties. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the engineering of heterogeneous nanophases and the fundamental understanding of nanophase formation for nanostructured metallic materials, including supra-nano-dual-phase materials, nanoprecipitation- and nanotwin-strengthened materials. We first review the thermodynamics and kinetics principles for the formation of the supra-nano-dual-phase structure, followed by a discussion on the deformation mechanism for structural metallic materials as well as the optimization in the electronic structure for electrocatalysis. Then, we demonstrate the origin, classification, and mechanical and functional properties of the metallic materials with the structural characteristics of dense nanoprecipitations or nanotwins. Finally, we summarize some potential research challenges in this field and provide a short perspective on the scientific implications of phase engineering for the design of next-generation advanced metallic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialun Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Fenghui Duan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Sida Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, SV LAB, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Wenhao Cha
- Faculty of Georesources and Materials Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, No. 3, Binglang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Greater Bay Joint Division, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Shenzhen 518000, China
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4
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Shang Y, Yao M, Liu Z, Fu R, Yan L, Yang L, Zhang Z, Dong J, Zhai C, Hou X, Fei L, Zhang G, Ji J, Zhu J, Lin H, Sundqvist B, Liu B. Enhancement of short/medium-range order and thermal conductivity in ultrahard sp 3 amorphous carbon by C 70 precursor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7860. [PMID: 38030640 PMCID: PMC10686990 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As an advanced amorphous material, sp3 amorphous carbon exhibits exceptional mechanical, thermal and optical properties, but it cannot be synthesized by using traditional processes such as fast cooling liquid carbon and an efficient strategy to tune its structure and properties is thus lacking. Here we show that the structures and physical properties of sp3 amorphous carbon can be modified by changing the concentration of carbon pentagons and hexagons in the fullerene precursor from the topological transition point of view. A highly transparent, nearly pure sp3-hybridized bulk amorphous carbon, which inherits more hexagonal-diamond structural feature, was synthesized from C70 at high pressure and high temperature. This amorphous carbon shows more hexagonal-diamond-like clusters, stronger short/medium-range structural order, and significantly enhanced thermal conductivity (36.3 ± 2.2 W m-1 K-1) and higher hardness (109.8 ± 5.6 GPa) compared to that synthesized from C60. Our work thus provides a valid strategy to modify the microstructure of amorphous solids for desirable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Mingguang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Zhaodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Rong Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Longbiao Yan
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Long Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Zhongyin Zhang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jiajun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Chunguang Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xuyuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Liting Fei
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - GuanJie Zhang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Jianfeng Ji
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - He Lin
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | | | - Bingbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
- Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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5
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Zhao J, Chen Y, Shao C, Liu J, Zhu G, Zhou X. Local atomic structure studies of Zr 55Cu 35Al 10 alloy around T g. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9207. [PMID: 37280355 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36524-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As a result of examining the structure of Zr55Cu35Al10 alloy around the glass transition temperature (Tg) using the classical molecular dynamics simulations, it was proven that the atomic bonds in the interconnecting zones (i-zones) became loose with the small amount of energy absorption, and it became free volumes easily when the temperature approached Tg. Instead of i-zones, when clusters were largely separated by free volume networks, the solid amorphous structure was converted into supercooled liquid state, resulting in a sharp strength reduce and the great plasticity change from a limited plastic deformation to superplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfeng Zhao
- School of Automotive Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Xinxunda Stainless Steel Products Co. LTD, Yancheng, 224000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Chen
- School of Automotive Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, People's Republic of China
| | - Chucheng Shao
- School of Automotive Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Liu
- School of Automotive Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, People's Republic of China
| | - Genyu Zhu
- Jiangsu Xinxunda Stainless Steel Products Co. LTD, Yancheng, 224000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- School of Automotive Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Tian H, Ma Y, Li Z, Cheng M, Ning S, Han E, Xu M, Zhang PF, Zhao K, Li R, Zou Y, Liao P, Yu S, Li X, Wang J, Liu S, Li Y, Huang X, Yao Z, Ding D, Guo J, Huang Y, Lu J, Han Y, Wang Z, Cheng ZG, Liu J, Xu Z, Liu K, Gao P, Jiang Y, Lin L, Zhao X, Wang L, Bai X, Fu W, Wang JY, Li M, Lei T, Zhang Y, Hou Y, Pei J, Pennycook SJ, Wang E, Chen J, Zhou W, Liu L. Disorder-tuned conductivity in amorphous monolayer carbon. Nature 2023; 615:56-61. [PMID: 36859579 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05617-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Correlating atomic configurations-specifically, degree of disorder (DOD)-of an amorphous solid with properties is a long-standing riddle in materials science and condensed matter physics, owing to difficulties in determining precise atomic positions in 3D structures1-5. To this end, 2D systems provide insight to the puzzle by allowing straightforward imaging of all atoms6,7. Direct imaging of amorphous monolayer carbon (AMC) grown by laser-assisted depositions has resolved atomic configurations, supporting the modern crystallite view of vitreous solids over random network theory8. Nevertheless, a causal link between atomic-scale structures and macroscopic properties remains elusive. Here we report facile tuning of DOD and electrical conductivity in AMC films by varying growth temperatures. Specifically, the pyrolysis threshold temperature is the key to growing variable-range-hopping conductive AMC with medium-range order (MRO), whereas increasing the temperature by 25 °C results in AMC losing MRO and becoming electrically insulating, with an increase in sheet resistance of 109 times. Beyond visualizing highly distorted nanocrystallites embedded in a continuous random network, atomic-resolution electron microscopy shows the absence/presence of MRO and temperature-dependent densities of nanocrystallites, two order parameters proposed to fully describe DOD. Numerical calculations establish the conductivity diagram as a function of these two parameters, directly linking microstructures to electrical properties. Our work represents an important step towards understanding the structure-property relationship of amorphous materials at the fundamental level and paves the way to electronic devices using 2D amorphous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinhang Ma
- School of Physical Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mouyang Cheng
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shoucong Ning
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Erxun Han
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingquan Xu
- School of Physical Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kexiang Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijie Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Zou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - PeiChi Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shulei Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianlin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shizhuo Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dongdong Ding
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Lu
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyan Han
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaosheng Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi Gang Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China
| | - Junjiang Liu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lifen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China
| | - Xuedong Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China
| | - Wangyang Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Maozhi Li
- Department of Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials and Micro-Nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Lei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanglong Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Stephen J Pennycook
- School of Physical Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Enge Wang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ji Chen
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Wu Zhou
- School of Physical Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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7
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Pt-induced atomic-level tailoring towards paracrystalline high-entropy alloy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:775. [PMID: 36774415 PMCID: PMC9922268 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36423-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Paracrystalline state achieved in the diamond system guides a direction to explore the missing link between amorphous and crystalline states. However, such a state is still challenging to reach in alloy systems in a controlled manner. Here, based on the vast composition space and the complex atomic interactions in the high-entropy alloys (HEAs), we present an "atomic-level tailoring" strategy to create the paracrystalline HEA. The addition of atomic-level Pt with the large and negative mixing enthalpy induces the local atomic reshuffling around Pt atoms for the well-targeted local amorphization, which separates severe-distorted crystalline Zr-Nb-Hf-Ta-Mo HEA into the high-density crystalline MRO motifs on atomic-level. The paracrystalline HEA exhibits high hardness (16.6 GPa) and high yield strength (8.37 GPa) and deforms by nanoscale shear-banding and nanocrystallization modes. Such an enthalpy-guided strategy in HEAs can provide the atomic-level tailoring ability to purposefully regulate structural characteristics and desirable properties.
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8
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Chang C, Zhang HP, Zhao R, Li FC, Luo P, Li MZ, Bai HY. Liquid-like atoms in dense-packed solid glasses. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:1240-1245. [PMID: 35970963 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01327-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Revealing the microscopic structural and dynamic pictures of glasses is a long-standing challenge for scientists1,2. Extensive studies on the structure and relaxation dynamics of glasses have constructed the current classical picture3-5: glasses consist of some 'soft zones' of loosely bound atoms embedded in a tightly bound atomic matrix. Recent experiments have found an additional fast process in the relaxation spectra6-9, but the underlying physics of this process remains unclear. Here, combining extensive dynamic experiments and computer simulations, we reveal that this fast relaxation is associated with string-like diffusion of liquid-like atoms, which are inherited from the high-temperature liquids. Even at room temperature, some atoms in dense-packed metallic glasses can diffuse just as easily as they would in liquid states, with an experimentally determined viscosity as low as 107 Pa·s. This finding extends our current microscopic picture of glass solids and might help establish the dynamics-property relationship of glasses4.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - H P Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - R Zhao
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - F C Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - P Luo
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - M Z Li
- Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - H Y Bai
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, China.
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9
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Luan H, Zhang X, Ding H, Zhang F, Luan JH, Jiao ZB, Yang YC, Bu H, Wang R, Gu J, Shao C, Yu Q, Shao Y, Zeng Q, Chen N, Liu CT, Yao KF. High-entropy induced a glass-to-glass transition in a metallic glass. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2183. [PMID: 35449135 PMCID: PMC9023469 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29789-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glass-to-glass transitions are useful for us to understand the glass nature, but it remains difficult to tune the metallic glass into significantly different glass states. Here, we have demonstrated that the high-entropy can enhance the degree of disorder in an equiatomic high-entropy metallic glass NbNiZrTiCo and elevate it to a high-energy glass state. An unusual glass-to-glass phase transition is discovered during heating with an enormous heat release even larger than that of the following crystallization at higher temperatures. Dramatic atomic rearrangement with a short- and medium-range ordering is revealed by in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction analyses. This glass-to-glass transition leads to a significant improvement in the modulus, hardness, and thermal stability, all of which could promote their applications. Based on the proposed high-entropy effect, two high-entropy metallic glasses are developed and they show similar glass-to-glass transitions. These findings uncover a high-entropy effect in metallic glasses and create a pathway for tuning the glass states and properties. Glass-to-glass transitions can help understanding the glass nature, but it remains difficult to tune metallic glasses into significantly different glass states. Here the authors demonstrate the high-entropy effects in glass-to-glass transitions of high-entropy metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengwei Luan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.,Marine Equipment and Technology Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212003, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, 201203, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - J H Luan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Z B Jiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi-Chieh Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Hengtong Bu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Ranbin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Jialun Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Shao
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Shao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - Qiaoshi Zeng
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, 201203, Shanghai, China.
| | - Na Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - C T Liu
- Hong Kong Institute of Advanced Study (HKIAS) and College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ke-Fu Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
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10
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Xu M, He Q, Pu M, Zhang F, Li L, Sang D, Guo Y, Zhang R, Li X, Ma X, Luo X. Emerging Long-Range Order from a Freeform Disordered Metasurface. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108709. [PMID: 34997941 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, disordered metasurfaces have attracted considerable interest due to their potential applications in imaging, holography, and wavefront shaping. However, how to emerge long-range ordered phase distribution in disordered metasurfaces remains an outstanding problem. Here, a general framework is proposed to generate a spatially homogeneous in-plane phase distribution from a disordered metasurface, by engineering disorder parameters together with topology optimization. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, an all-dielectric disordered supercell metasurface with relatively homogeneous in-plane phase fluctuation is designed by disorder parameter engineering, manifesting as polarization conversion-dependent random scattering or unidirectional transmission. Then, a topology optimization approach is utilized to overcome the lattice coupling effect and to further improve the homogeneity of complex electric field fluctuation. In comparison with the initial supercell metasurface, both the phase fluctuation range and the relative efficiency of the topology-optimized freeform metasurface are significantly improved, leading to a long-range ordered electric field distribution. Moreover, three experimental realizations are performed, all of which agree well with the theoretical results. This methodology may inspire more exotic optical phenomena and find more promising applications in disordered metasurfaces and disordered optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
- Division of Frontier Science and Technology, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
| | - Qiong He
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
| | - Mingbo Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
| | - Ling Li
- Tianfu Xinglong Lake Laboratory, Chengdu, 610299, China
| | - Di Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
- Division of Frontier Science and Technology, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
- College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410072, China
| | - Yinghui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Renyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
- Division of Frontier Science and Technology, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
| | - Xiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoliang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiangang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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11
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Li MX, Sun YT, Wang C, Hu LW, Sohn S, Schroers J, Wang WH, Liu YH. Data-driven discovery of a universal indicator for metallic glass forming ability. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:165-172. [PMID: 34737454 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of glass forming ability as a major alloy characteristic, it is poorly understood and its quantification has been experimentally laborious and computationally challenging. Here, we uncover that the glass forming ability of an alloy is represented in its amorphous structure far away from equilibrium, which can be exposed by conventional X-ray diffraction. Specifically, we fabricated roughly 5,700 alloys from 12 alloy systems and characterized the full-width at half-maximum, Δq, of the first diffraction peak in the X-ray diffraction pattern. A strong correlation between high glass forming ability and a large Δq was found. This correlation indicates that a large dispersion of structural units comprising the amorphous structure is the universal indicator for high metallic glass formation. When paired with combinatorial synthesis, the correlation enhances throughput by up to 100 times compared to today's state-of-the-art combinatorial methods and will facilitate the discovery of bulk metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xing Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Tao Sun
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Wei Hu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sungwoo Sohn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jan Schroers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wei-Hua Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Hui Liu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing, China.
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12
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Wang X, Zhang H, Douglas JF. The initiation of shear band formation in deformed metallic glasses from soft localized domains. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:204504. [PMID: 34852471 DOI: 10.1063/5.0069729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been thought that shear band (SB) formation in amorphous solids initiates from relatively "soft" regions in the material in which large-scale non-affine deformations become localized. The test of this hypothesis requires an effective means of identifying "soft" regions and their evolution as the material is deformed to varying degrees, where the metric of "softness" must also account for the effect of temperature on local material stiffness. We show that the mean square atomic displacement on a caging timescale ⟨u2⟩, the "Debye-Waller factor," provides a useful method for estimating the shear modulus of the entire material and, by extension, the material stiffness at an atomic scale. Based on this "softness" metrology, we observe that SB formation indeed occurs through the strain-induced formation of localized soft regions in our deformed metallic glass free-standing films. Unexpectedly, the critical strain condition for SB formation occurs when the softness (⟨u2⟩) distribution within the emerging soft regions approaches that of the interfacial region in its undeformed state, initiating an instability with similarities to the transition to turbulence. Correspondingly, no SBs arise when the material is so thin that the entire material can be approximately described as being "interfacial" in nature. We also quantify relaxation in the glass and the nature and origin of highly non-Gaussian particle displacements in the dynamically heterogeneous SB regions at times longer than the caging time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Jack F Douglas
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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13
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Substantially enhanced plasticity of bulk metallic glasses by densifying local atomic packing. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6582. [PMID: 34772939 PMCID: PMC8590062 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26858-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducing regions of looser atomic packing in bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) was reported to facilitate plastic deformation, rendering BMGs more ductile at room temperature. Here, we present a different alloy design approach, namely, doping the nonmetallic elements to form densely packed motifs. The enhanced structural fluctuations in Ti-, Zr- and Cu-based BMG systems leads to improved strength and renders these solutes' atomic neighborhoods more prone to plastic deformation at an increased critical stress. As a result, we simultaneously increased the compressive plasticity (from ∼8% to unfractured), strength (from ∼1725 to 1925 MPa) and toughness (from 87 ± 10 to 165 ± 15 MPa√m), as exemplarily demonstrated for the Zr20Cu20Hf20Ti20Ni20 BMG. Our study advances the understanding of the atomic-scale origin of structure-property relationships in amorphous solids and provides a new strategy for ductilizing BMG without sacrificing strength.
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14
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Correlation symmetry analysis of electron nanodiffraction from amorphous materials. Ultramicroscopy 2021; 232:113405. [PMID: 34673441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2021.113405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Angular symmetry in diffraction reflects rotational symmetry in the sample. We introduce the angular symmetry coefficient as a method to extract local symmetry information from electron nanodiffraction patterns of amorphous materials. Symmetry coefficients are the average of the angular autocorrelation function at the characteristic angles of a particular rotational symmetry. The symmetry coefficients avoid non-structural features arising from Fourier transformation and Friedel symmetry breakdown that affect the angular power spectrum approach to determining angular symmetries in amorphous nanodiffraction. Both methods require thin samples to avoid overlapping diffraction from clusters of atoms separated in the thickness of the sample, but symmetry coefficients are more forgiving. Electron nanodiffraction experiments on a Pd-based metallic glass sample demonstrate both potentially misleading information in angular power spectrum and the utility of symmetry coefficients.
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15
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Cassidy A, Jørgensen MRV, Glavic A, Lauter V, Plekan O, Field D. Low temperature aging in a molecular glass: the case of cis-methyl formate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:15719-15726. [PMID: 34279530 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01332g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glassy films of cis-methyl formate show spontaneous dipole orientation on deposition from the vacuum, the so-called 'spontelectric effect', creating surface potentials and electric fields within the films. We follow the decay of these fields, and their accompanying dipole orientation, on the hours timescale at deposition temperatures between 40 K and 55 K. Our data trace the low temperature 'secondary decay' mechanism, at tens of degrees below the glass transition temperature of 90 K. We show that secondary decay is due to molecular rotation, with associated activation energies lying between 0.1 and 0.2 eV. Diffusion is absent, as established from published neutron reflectivity data. Using an analytical model for the spontelectric effect, data are placed on a quantitative footing, showing that angular motion in excess of 50° reproduces the observed values of activation energies. Exploitation of the spontelectric effect is new in the study of glass aging and is shown here to give insight into the elusive processes which take place far from the molecular glass transition temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Cassidy
- Center for Interstellar Catalysis and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Mads R V Jørgensen
- Center of Materials Crystallography, iNano & Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus C, Denmark and MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Fotongatan 2, Lund, Sweden
| | - Artur Glavic
- Laboratory for Neutron and Muon Instrumentation, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Lauter
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Oksana Plekan
- Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.P.A., Area Science Park, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - David Field
- Center for Interstellar Catalysis and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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16
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Fan Z, Ma E. Predicting orientation-dependent plastic susceptibility from static structure in amorphous solids via deep learning. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1506. [PMID: 33686082 PMCID: PMC7940643 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21806-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been a long-standing materials science challenge to establish structure-property relations in amorphous solids. Here we introduce a rotationally non-invariant local structure representation that enables different predictions for different loading orientations, which is found essential for high-fidelity prediction of the propensity for stress-driven shear transformations. This novel structure representation, when combined with convolutional neural network (CNN), a powerful deep learning algorithm, leads to unprecedented accuracy for identifying atoms with high propensity for shear transformations (i.e., plastic susceptibility), solely from the static structure in both two- and three-dimensional model glasses. The data-driven models trained on samples at one composition and a given processing history are found transferrable to glass samples with different processing histories or at different compositions in the same alloy system. Our analysis of the new structure representation also provides valuable insight into key atomic packing features that influence the local mechanical response and its anisotropy in glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Evan Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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17
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Mu X, Chellali MR, Boltynjuk E, Gunderov D, Valiev RZ, Hahn H, Kübel C, Ivanisenko Y, Velasco L. Unveiling the Local Atomic Arrangements in the Shear Band Regions of Metallic Glass. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007267. [PMID: 33604975 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The prospective applications of metallic glasses are limited by their lack of ductility, attributed to shear banding inducing catastrophic failure. A concise depiction of the local atomic arrangement (local atomic packing and chemical short-range order), induced by shear banding, is quintessential to understand the deformation mechanism, however still not clear. An explicit view of the complex interplay of local atomic structure and chemical environment is presented by mapping the atomic arrangements in shear bands (SBs) and in their vicinity in a deformed Vitreloy 105 metallic glass, using the scanning electron diffraction pair distribution function and atom probe tomography. The results experimentally prove that plastic deformation causes a reduction of geometrically favored polyhedral motifs. Localized motifs variations and antisymmetric (bond and chemical) segregation extend for several hundred nanometers from the SB, forming the shear band affected zones. Moreover, the variations within the SB are found both perpendicular and parallel to the SB plane, also observable in the oxidation activity. The knowledge of the structural-chemical changes provides a deeper understanding of the plastic deformation of metallic glasses especially for their functional applications and future improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Mu
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
| | - Mohammed Reda Chellali
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
| | - Evgeniy Boltynjuk
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
- Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Dmitry Gunderov
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Federal Research Center RAS, Ufa, 450075, Russia
| | - Ruslan Z Valiev
- Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Institute of Physics of Advanced Materials, Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa, 450008, Russia
| | - Horst Hahn
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
- Joint Research Laboratory Nanomaterials, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, 64206, Germany
| | - Christian Kübel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
- Joint Research Laboratory Nanomaterials, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, 64206, Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
| | - Yulia Ivanisenko
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
| | - Leonardo Velasco
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
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18
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Grove M, Peterlechner M, Rösner H, Imlau R, Zaccone A, Wilde G. Plasmon energy losses in shear bands of metallic glass. Ultramicroscopy 2021; 223:113220. [PMID: 33607307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2021.113220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Shear bands resulting from plastic deformation in cold-rolled Al88Y7Fe5 metallic glass were observed to display alternating density changes along their propagation direction. Electron-energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) was used to investigate the volume plasmon energy losses in and around shear bands. Energy shifts of the peak centre and changes in the peak width (FWHM) reflecting the damping were precisely determined within an accuracy of a few meV using an open source python module (Hyperspy) to fit the shapes of the plasmon and zero-loss peaks with Lorentzian functions. The maximum bulk plasmon energy shifts were calculated for the bright and dark shear band segments relative to the matrix to be about 38 and 14 meV, respectively. The damping was observed to be larger for the denser regions. The analysis presented here suggests that the changes in the plasmons are caused by two contributions: (i) Variable damping in the shear band segments due to changes in the medium-range order (MRO). This affects the static structure factor S(k), which, in turn, leads to either reduced or increased damping according to the Ziman-Baym formula. (ii) The ionic density and the effective electron mass appearing in the zero-momentum plasmon frequency formula Ep(q=0) are coupled and give rise to small variations in the plasmon energy. The model predicts plasmon energy shifts in the order of meV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Grove
- Institut für Materialphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Peterlechner
- Institut für Materialphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Harald Rösner
- Institut für Materialphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Robert Imlau
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Achtseweg Noord 5, 5651 GG Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alessio Zaccone
- Department of Physics "A. Pontremoli", University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy; Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS Cambridge, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 9HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Gerhard Wilde
- Institut für Materialphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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19
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Investigation of glass forming ability of Al-based metallic glasses by measuring vaporization enthalpy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4162. [PMID: 32139874 PMCID: PMC7058064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of the enthalpy changes for vaporization (ΔHvap) of Al-based metallic glass (MG) can provide insight into the origin of the MG’s glass forming ability (GFA). The ΔHvap of three Al-based MGs, Al84.5 ± x(Y10Ni5.5)15.5 ± x, Al85 ± x(Y8Ni5Co2)15 ± x, and Al86 ± x(Y4.5Ni6Co2La1.5)14 ± x, (hereafter referred to as AYNx, AYNCx, and AYNCLx, respectively), is analyzed by measuring their weight losses below their glass transition temperatures. The relationship between ΔHvap and aluminum concentration exhibit minimum values in the range of 83–85 at.% of Al, and the ΔHvap increases, becoming saturated at 320–350 kJ/mol, as the percentage of Al deviates from this range. The depth of the enthalpy well, referring to the bottom of the parabolic graph of ΔHvap against the Al concentration, is proportional to the viscosity of clusters showing liquid-like behavior. The amount of weight loss is proportional to the concentration of these clusters. The cluster viscosity and concentration influences the overall viscosity of the MGs, and thus determines the GFA.
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20
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Yang Q, Peng SX, Wang Z, Yu HB. Shadow glass transition as a thermodynamic signature of β relaxation in hyper-quenched metallic glasses. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 7:1896-1905. [PMID: 34691531 PMCID: PMC8288642 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One puzzling phenomenon in glass physics is the so-called 'shadow glass transition' which is an anomalous heat-absorbing process below the real glass transition and influences glass properties. However, it has yet to be entirely characterized, let alone fundamentally understood. Conventional calorimetry detects it in limited heating rates. Here, with the chip-based fast scanning calorimetry, we study the dynamics of the shadow glass transition over four orders of magnitude in heating rates for 24 different hyper-quenched metallic glasses. We present evidence that the shadow glass transition correlates with the secondary (β) relaxation: (i) The shadow glass transition and the β relaxation follow the same temperature-time dependence, and both merge with the primary relaxation at high temperature. (ii) The shadow glass transition is more obvious in glasses with pronounced β relaxation, and vice versa; their magnitudes are proportional to each other. Our findings suggest that the shadow glass transition signals the thermodynamics of β relaxation in hyper-quenched metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Yang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Si-Xu Peng
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Hai-Bin Yu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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21
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Identification of Local Structure in 2-D and 3-D Atomic Systems through Crystallographic Analysis. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10111008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we revise and extend the Characteristic Crystallographic Element (CCE) norm, an algorithm used to simultaneously detect radial and orientational similarity of computer-generated structures with respect to specific reference crystals and local symmetries. Based on the identification of point group symmetry elements, the CCE descriptor is able to gauge local structure with high precision and finely distinguish between competing morphologies. As test cases we use computer-generated monomeric and polymer systems of spherical particles interacting with the hard-sphere and square-well attractive potentials. We demonstrate that the CCE norm is able to detect and differentiate, between others, among: hexagonal close packed (HCP), face centered cubic (FCC), hexagonal (HEX) and body centered cubic (BCC) crystals as well as non-crystallographic fivefold (FIV) local symmetry in bulk 3-D systems; triangular (TRI), square (SQU) and honeycomb (HON) crystals, as well as pentagonal (PEN) local symmetry in thin films of one-layer thickness (2-D systems). The descriptor is general and can be applied to identify the symmetry elements of any point group for arbitrary atomic or particulate system in two or three dimensions, in the bulk or under confinement.
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22
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Baksi A, Bag S, Kruk R, Nandam SH, Hahn H. Structural insights into metal-metalloid glasses from mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17467. [PMID: 33060717 PMCID: PMC7567878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74507-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being studied for nearly 50 years, smallest chemically stable moieties in the metallic glass (MG) could not be found experimentally. Herein, we demonstrate a novel experimental approach based on electrochemical etching of amorphous alloys in inert solvent (acetonitrile) in the presence of a high voltage (1 kV) followed by detection of the ions using electrolytic spray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS). The experiment shows stable signals corresponding to Pd, PdSi and PdSi2 ions, which emerges due to the electrochemical etching of the Pd80Si20 metallic glass electrode. These fragments are observed from the controlled dissolution of the Pd80Si20 melt-spun ribbon (MSR) electrode. Annealed electrode releases different fragments in the same experimental condition. These specific species are expected to be the smallest and most stable chemical units from the metallic glass which survived the chemical dissolution and complexation (with acetonitrile) process. Theoretically, these units can be produced from the cluster based models for the MG. Similar treatment on Pd40Ni40P20 MSR resulted several complex peaks consisting of Pd, Ni and P in various combinations suggesting this can be adopted for any metal-metalloid glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Baksi
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany. .,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131, Karsruhe, Germany.
| | - Soumabha Bag
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Robert Kruk
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sree Harsha Nandam
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Horst Hahn
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany. .,Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Salinas-Torres D, Nozaki A, Navlani-García M, Kuwahara Y, Mori K, Yamashita H. Recent Applications of Amorphous Alloys to Design Skeletal Catalysts. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Salinas-Torres
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ai Nozaki
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Miriam Navlani-García
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kuwahara
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Unit of Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Mori
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Unit of Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yamashita
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Unit of Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
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24
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Abstract
Metallic glasses are expected to have quite tunable structures in their configuration space, without the strict constraints of a well-defined crystalline symmetry and large energy barriers separating different states in crystals. However, effectively modulating the structure of metallic glasses is rather difficult. Here, using complementary in situ synchrotron x-ray techniques, we reveal thermal-driven structural ordering in a Ce65Al10Co25 metallic glass, and a reverse disordering process via a pressure-induced rejuvenation between two states with distinct structural order characteristics. Studies on other metallic glass samples with different compositions also show similar phenomena. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of two-way structural tuning states in terms of their dramatic ordering and disordering far beyond the nearest-neighbor shells with the combination of temperature and pressure, extending accessible states of metallic glasses to unexplored configuration spaces.
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25
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Wang ZJ, Li MX, Yu JH, Ge XB, Liu YH, Wang WH. Low-Iridium-Content IrNiTa Metallic Glass Films as Intrinsically Active Catalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906384. [PMID: 31808585 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although various catalytic materials have emerged for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), it remains crucial to develop intrinsically effective catalysts with minimum uses of expensive and scarce precious metals. Metallic glasses (MGs) or amorphous alloys show up as attractive HER catalysts, but have so far limited to material forms and compositions that result in high precious-metal loadings. Here, an Ir25 Ni33 Ta42 MG nanofilm exhibiting high intrinsic activity and superior stability at an ultralow Ir loading of 8.14 µg cm-2 for HER in 0.5 m H2 SO4 is reported. With an overpotential of 99 mV for a current density of 10 mA cm-2 , a small Tafel slope of 35 mV dec-1 , and high turnover frequencies of 1.76 and 19.3 H2 s-1 at 50 and 100 mV overpotentials, the glassy film is among the most intrinsically active HER catalysts, outcompetes any reported MG, representative sulfides, and phosphides, and compares favorably with other precious-metal-containing catalysts. The outstanding HER performance of the Ir25 Ni33 Ta42 MG film is attributed to the synergistic effect of the novel alloy system and amorphous structure, which may inspire the development of multicomponent alloys for heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jian Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ming-Xing Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Ji-Hao Yu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xing-Bo Ge
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Yan-Hui Liu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wei-Hua Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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26
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Cui XY, Ringer SP, Wang G, Stachurski ZH. What should the density of amorphous solids be? J Chem Phys 2019; 151:194506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5113733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yuan Cui
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, and School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Simon P. Ringer
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, and School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Gang Wang
- Materials Microstructures Laboratory, University of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Z. H. Stachurski
- Research School of Engineering, CECS, Australian National University, ACT 2600, Australia
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27
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Konchakov RA, Makarov AS, Kobelev NP, Glezer AM, Wilde G, Khonik VA. Interstitial clustering in metallic systems as a source for the formation of the icosahedral matrix and defects in the glassy state. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:385703. [PMID: 31195372 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab29d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents molecular dynamics and -statics simulations of a prototypical mono-atomic metallic system (aluminum) and its defects in the crystalline and glassy states. It is shown that there is a thermodynamic driving force for the association of dumbbell interstitials in the crystalline lattice into clusters consisting of different amounts of defects. Clusters containing seven interstitials constitute perfect icosahedra. Within the general framework of the interstitialcy theory, melting of simple metallic crystals is intrinsically related to a rapid increase of the concentration of dumbbell interstitials, which remain identifiable structural units in the liquid state. Then, the glass produced by rapid melt quenching contains interstitial-type defects. The idea of the present work is to argue that the major structural feature of many metallic glasses-icosahedral ordering-originates from the clustering of interstitial-type defects frozen-in upon melt quenching. Separate defects and their small clusters represent the defect part of the glassy structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Konchakov
- Department of General Physics, State Pedagogical University, Lenin St. 86, Voronezh, 394043, Russia
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28
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Idrissi H, Ghidelli M, Béché A, Turner S, Gravier S, Blandin JJ, Raskin JP, Schryvers D, Pardoen T. Atomic-scale viscoplasticity mechanisms revealed in high ductility metallic glass films. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13426. [PMID: 31530850 PMCID: PMC6749058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49910-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamental plasticity mechanisms in thin freestanding Zr65Ni35 metallic glass films are investigated in order to unravel the origin of an outstanding strength/ductility balance. The deformation process is homogenous until fracture with no evidence of catastrophic shear banding. The creep/relaxation behaviour of the films was characterized by on-chip tensile testing, revealing an activation volume in the range 100-200 Å3. Advanced high-resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging and spectroscopy exhibit a very fine glassy nanostructure with well-defined dense Ni-rich clusters embedded in Zr-rich clusters of lower atomic density and a ~2-3 nm characteristic length scale. Nanobeam electron diffraction analysis reveals that the accumulation of plastic deformation at room-temperature correlates with monotonously increasing disruption of the local atomic order. These results provide experimental evidences of the dynamics of shear transformation zones activation in metallic glasses. The impact of the nanoscale structural heterogeneities on the mechanical properties including the rate dependent behaviour is discussed, shedding new light on the governing plasticity mechanisms in metallic glasses with initially heterogeneous atomic arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosni Idrissi
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Matteo Ghidelli
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Science and engineering of materials and processes, SIMaP, Université de Grenoble/CNRS, UJF/Grenoble INP, BP46, 38402, Saint-Martin d'Hères, France
- Institute of information and communication technologies, electronics and applied mathematics, ICTEAM, UCLouvain, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Armand Béché
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stuart Turner
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Gravier
- Science and engineering of materials and processes, SIMaP, Université de Grenoble/CNRS, UJF/Grenoble INP, BP46, 38402, Saint-Martin d'Hères, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Blandin
- Science and engineering of materials and processes, SIMaP, Université de Grenoble/CNRS, UJF/Grenoble INP, BP46, 38402, Saint-Martin d'Hères, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Raskin
- Institute of information and communication technologies, electronics and applied mathematics, ICTEAM, UCLouvain, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schryvers
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thomas Pardoen
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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29
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Potential energy landscape activations governing plastic flows in glass rheology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:18790-18797. [PMID: 31484781 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907317116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While glasses are ubiquitous in natural and manufactured materials, the atomic-level mechanisms governing their deformation and how these mechanisms relate to rheological behavior are still open questions for fundamental understanding. Using atomistic simulations spanning nearly 10 orders of magnitude in the applied strain rate we probe the atomic rearrangements associated with 3 characteristic regimes of homogeneous and heterogeneous shear flow. In the low and high strain-rate limits, simulation results together with theoretical models reveal distinct scaling behavior in flow stress variation with strain rate, signifying a nonlinear coupling between thermally activated diffusion and stress-driven motion. Moreover, we find the emergence of flow heterogeneity is closely correlated with extreme values of local strain bursts that are not readily accommodated by immediate surroundings, acting as origins of shear localization. The atomistic mechanisms underlying the flow regimes are interpreted by analyzing a distance matrix of nonaffine particle displacements, yielding evidence of various barrier-hopping processes on a fractal potential energy landscape (PEL) in which shear transformations and liquid-like regions are triggered by the interplay of thermal and stress activations.
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30
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Abstract
Very recently, crystallization of metallic glasses (MGs) has presented promising properties in the catalytic field. This work has investigated enhanced catalytic performance of crystallized Fe78Si9B13 ribbons for fast activating persulfate (PS) with assistance of UV-vis light and heat. The ribbons were obtained by annealing at 750°C (Fe-A750) and cibacron brilliant yellow 3G-P (BY 3G-P) dye was used as pollutant. The results indicated that UV-vis light had limited capability to enhance PS activation efficiency by crystallized ribbons while the reaction rate using heat at 65°C was 7.5 times higher than at 25°C, suggesting an advanced performance with heat assistance of Fe-A750 ribbons. Activation energy ∆E for Fe-A750 was measured as 44.5 kJ mol-1. In addition, 5 times reusability could be achieved for Fe-A750 ribbons under 45°C without catalytic decay. The surface morphologies of glassy ribbons, as-annealed Fe-A750 ribbons, HCl-treated Fe-A750 ribbons and after-reused Fe-A750 ribbons have also been systematically studied. This work provides a novel clue to promote applicability of novel crystallized ribbons from MGs.
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31
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Metallic Glasses: A New Approach to the Understanding of the Defect Structure and Physical Properties. METALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/met9050605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The work is devoted to a brief overview of the Interstitialcy Theory (IT) as applied to different relaxation phenomena occurring in metallic glasses upon structural relaxation and crystallization. The basic hypotheses of the IT and their experimental verification are shortly considered. The main focus is given on the interpretation of recent experiments on the heat effects, volume changes and their link with the shear modulus relaxation. The issues related to the development of the IT and its relationship with other models on defects in metallic glasses are discussed.
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32
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Wang Z, Wang WH. Flow units as dynamic defects in metallic glassy materials. Natl Sci Rev 2019; 6:304-323. [PMID: 34691871 PMCID: PMC8291400 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwy084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In a crystalline material, structural defects such as dislocations or twins are well defined and largely determine the mechanical and other properties of the material. For metallic glass (MG) with unique properties in the absence of a long-range lattice, intensive efforts have focused on the search for similar 'defects'. The primary objective has been the elucidation of the flow mechanism of MGs. However, their atomistic mechanism of mechanical deformation and atomic flow response to stress, temperature, and failure, have proven to be challenging. In this paper, we briefly review the state-of-the-art studies on the dynamic defects in metallic glasses from the perspective of flow units. The characteristics, activation and evolution processes of flow units as well as their correlation with mechanical properties, including plasticity, strength, fracture, and dynamic relaxation, are introduced. We show that flow units that are similar to structural defects such as dislocations are crucial in the optimization and design of metallic glassy materials via the thermal, mechanical and high-pressure tailoring of these units. In this report, the relevant issues and open questions with regard to the flow unit model are also introduced and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei-Hua Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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33
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Li J, Doubek G, McMillon-Brown L, Taylor AD. Recent Advances in Metallic Glass Nanostructures: Synthesis Strategies and Electrocatalytic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1802120. [PMID: 30589105 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in metallic glass nanostructures (MGNs) are reported, covering a wide array of synthesis strategies, computational discovery, and design solutions that provide insight into distinct electrocatalytic applications. A brief introduction to the development and unique features of MGNs with an overview of top-down and bottom-up synthesis strategies is presented. Specifically, the morphology and structural analysis of several examples applying MGNs as electrodes are highlighted. Subsequently, a comprehensive discussion of commonly employed kinetic parameters and their connection with the unique material structures of MGNs on individual electrocatalytic reactions is made, including the hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, and alcohol (methanol or ethanol) oxidation reaction. Finally, a summary of the challenges and perspective on the future research and development relevant to MGNs as electrocatalysts is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Gustavo Doubek
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), School of Chemical Engineering, Center for Innovation on New Energies (CINE), Campinas, SP, 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Lyndsey McMillon-Brown
- Center for Research on Interface Structures and Phenomena, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - André D Taylor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
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34
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Liang SX, Jia Z, Liu YJ, Zhang W, Wang W, Lu J, Zhang LC. Compelling Rejuvenated Catalytic Performance in Metallic Glasses. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1802764. [PMID: 30277608 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metallic glasses (MGs) with the metastable nature and random atomic packing structure have attracted large attention in the catalytic family due to their superior catalytic performance. In contrast, their crystalline counterparts are restricted by the highly ordered packing structure, fewer surface active sites, and crystallographic defects for catalytic activity. The uncertainty of the different catalytic mechanisms and the intrinsic characteristics correlated to MGs and their crystalline counterparts become a major impediment to promote their catalytic efficiencies and widespread applications. Herein, it is reported that the excellent catalytic behavior in Fe-based MGs goes through a detrimental effect with the partial crystallization, but receives a compelling rejuvenation in the full crystallization. Further investigation reveals that multiphase intermetallics with electric potential differences in fully crystallized alloys facilitate the formation of galvanic cells. More importantly, extensively reduced grain boundaries due to grain growth greatly weaken electron trapping and promote inner electron transportation. The relatively homogenous grain-boundary corrosion in the intermetallics contributes to well-separated phases after reaction, leading to refreshment of the surface active sites, thereby quickly activating hydrogen peroxide and rapidly degrading organic pollutants. The exploration of catalytic mechanisms in the crystalline counterparts of MGs provides significant insights into revolutionize novel catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Xing Liang
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Zhe Jia
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 99907, China
| | - Yu-Jing Liu
- School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Wenchang Zhang
- Environmental Protection Administration of Ji'an City, Ji'an, Jiangxi Province, 343000, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250061, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 99907, China
| | - Lai-Chang Zhang
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia
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35
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Zhu F, Song S, Reddy KM, Hirata A, Chen M. Spatial heterogeneity as the structure feature for structure-property relationship of metallic glasses. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3965. [PMID: 30262846 PMCID: PMC6160432 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06476-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of crystalline materials can be quantitatively described by crystal defects of solute atoms, dislocations, twins, and grain boundaries with the models of solid solution strengthening, Taylor strain hardening and Hall-Petch grain boundary strengthening. However, for metallic glasses, a well-defined structure feature which dominates the mechanical properties of the disordered materials is still missing. Here, we report that nanoscale spatial heterogeneity is the inherent structural feature of metallic glasses. It has an intrinsic correlation with the strength and deformation behavior. The strength and Young's modulus of metallic glasses can be defined by the function of the square root reciprocal of the characteristic length of the spatial heterogeneity. Moreover, the stretching exponent of time-dependent strain relaxation can be quantitatively described by the characteristic length. Our study provides compelling evidence that the spatial heterogeneity is a feasible structural indicator for portraying mechanical properties of metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangxi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Kolan Madhav Reddy
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Akihiko Hirata
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 980-8577, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mingwei Chen
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 980-8577, Sendai, Japan. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21214, USA.
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36
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Sarac B, Ivanov YP, Chuvilin A, Schöberl T, Stoica M, Zhang Z, Eckert J. Origin of large plasticity and multiscale effects in iron-based metallic glasses. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1333. [PMID: 29626189 PMCID: PMC5889395 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03744-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The large plasticity observed in newly developed monolithic bulk metallic glasses under quasi-static compression raises a question about the contribution of atomic scale effects. Here, nanocrystals on the order of 1–1.5 nm in size are observed within an Fe-based bulk metallic glass using aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The accumulation of nanocrystals is linked to the presence of hard and soft zones, which is connected to the micro-scale hardness and elastic modulus confirmed by nanoindentation. Furthermore, we performed systematic simulations of HRTEM images at varying sample thicknesses, and established a theoretical model for the estimation of the shear transformation zone size. The findings suggest that the main mechanism behind the formation of softer regions are the homogenously dispersed nanocrystals, which are responsible for the start and stop mechanism of shear transformation zones and hence, play a key role in the enhancement of mechanical properties. Iron-based bulk metallic glasses are remarkably plastic, but the origin of their plasticity remains challenging to isolate. Here, the authors use high resolution microscopy to show that nanocrystals are dispersed within the glass and form hard and soft zones that are responsible for enhancing ductility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baran Sarac
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8700, Leoben, Austria.
| | - Yurii P Ivanov
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8700, Leoben, Austria.,School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690950, Russia
| | - Andrey Chuvilin
- CIC nanoGUNE Consolider, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Thomas Schöberl
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Mihai Stoica
- Laboratory of Metal Physics and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.,Politehnica University of Timisoara, 300006, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Zaoli Zhang
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Jürgen Eckert
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8700, Leoben, Austria.,Department of Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, 8700, Leoben, Austria
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37
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Jafary-Zadeh M, Praveen Kumar G, Branicio PS, Seifi M, Lewandowski JJ, Cui F. A Critical Review on Metallic Glasses as Structural Materials for Cardiovascular Stent Applications. J Funct Biomater 2018; 9:E19. [PMID: 29495521 PMCID: PMC5872105 DOI: 10.3390/jfb9010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional and mechanical properties of novel biomaterials must be carefully evaluated to guarantee long-term biocompatibility and structural integrity of implantable medical devices. Owing to the combination of metallic bonding and amorphous structure, metallic glasses (MGs) exhibit extraordinary properties superior to conventional crystalline metallic alloys, placing them at the frontier of biomaterials research. MGs have potential to improve corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, strength, and longevity of biomedical implants, and hence are promising materials for cardiovascular stent applications. Nevertheless, while functional properties and biocompatibility of MGs have been widely investigated and validated, a solid understanding of their mechanical performance during different stages in stent applications is still scarce. In this review, we provide a brief, yet comprehensive account on the general aspects of MGs regarding their formation, processing, structure, mechanical, and chemical properties. More specifically, we focus on the additive manufacturing (AM) of MGs, their outstanding high strength and resilience, and their fatigue properties. The interconnection between processing, structure and mechanical behaviour of MGs is highlighted. We further review the main categories of cardiovascular stents, the required mechanical properties of each category, and the conventional materials have been using to address these requirements. Then, we bridge between the mechanical requirements of stents, structural properties of MGs, and the corresponding stent design caveats. In particular, we discuss our recent findings on the feasibility of using MGs in self-expandable stents where our results show that a metallic glass based aortic stent can be crimped without mechanical failure. We further justify the safe deployment of this stent in human descending aorta. It is our intent with this review to inspire biodevice developers toward the realization of MG-based stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Jafary-Zadeh
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, Singapore 138632, Singapore.
| | | | - Paulo Sergio Branicio
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0241, USA.
| | - Mohsen Seifi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - John J Lewandowski
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Fangsen Cui
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, Singapore 138632, Singapore.
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38
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Sarac B, Gammer C, Deng L, Park E, Yokoyama Y, Stoica M, Eckert J. Elastostatic reversibility in thermally formed bulk metallic glasses: nanobeam diffraction fluctuation electron microscopy. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:1081-1089. [PMID: 29271462 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06891c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The unparalleled shaping ability of bulk metallic glasses can revolutionize commercial products having multi-length scale features with a processing time of several minutes. Despite the widespread shaping ability of these polymer-like multicomponent alloys, thermoplastic forming (TPF) can severely degrade the intrinsic properties, particularly when complex stress states are activated. The present work emphasizes the importance of elastostatic loading (ESL) which not only fully reverses deteriorated room temperature plasticity originating under TPF or post-cryostatic conditions, but also activates a rejuvenation mechanism by rendering an extended resistance against strain softening. Furthermore, the reduction in the supercooled liquid region and crystallization enthalpy measured by differential scanning calorimetry are found to be temporary, and can be fully reversed to the initial condition. HRTEM imaging of the samples are performed with an imaging spherical aberration corrector. Individual nanobeam diffraction patterns obtained by the fluctuation electron microscopy (FEM) measurements are acquired using a scanning transmission electron microscope with a probe size of 1.2 nm from a 10 × 10 raster, yielding 100 diffraction patterns. The normalized variance of a series of nanodiffraction patterns of the post-elastostatically loaded sample reveals a height decrease in the first broad peak of normalized intensity variance V(k) suggesting modifications in the medium-range structural order which in turn dramatically restores the mechanical and thermal properties. Overall, the combination of TPF and post-ESL treatment in advanced glassy metals can open a new avenue for ultra-high mechanical and thermal performance micro- and nanomechanical devices for biosensors, MOSFETs and robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sarac
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Leoben, 8700, Austria.
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39
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Xu M, Lei Z, Yuan J, Xue K, Guo Y, Wang S, Miao X, Mazzarello R. Structural disorder in the high-temperature cubic phase of GeTe. RSC Adv 2018; 8:17435-17442. [PMID: 35539235 PMCID: PMC9080495 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02561d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In traditional materials science, structural disorder tends to break the symmetry of the lattice. In this work, however, we studied a case which may be opposite to this intuition. The prototypical phase change material, GeTe, undergoes the phase transition from the rhombohedral structure to a more symmetric cubic one at ∼625 K. Using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrated that even in the cubic phase, the lattice is constructed by random short and long bonds, instead of bonds with a uniform length. Such bifurcation of the bond lengths enabled by Peierls-like distortion persists in the entire temperature range (0–900 K), yet with different degrees of disorder, e.g., the atoms are distorted along a certain direction in the rhombohedral phase (i.e., structural order) but the distortion varies stochastically in terms of direction and amplitude at high T (i.e., structural disorder). A more symmetric lattice frame coexisting with severe local structural disorder is the signature of this cubic GeTe. Our simulations have provided a theoretical support on the disordered Peierls-like distortion in the high-T cubic phase discovered earlier by X-ray experiments. By modulating the physical properties that different degrees of disorder may induce, we are able to design better functional materials for various applications in electronic and photonic devices. The structurally ordered rhombohedral GeTe transforms into a high-symmetric cubic phase with larger structural disorder at high temperature.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu
- Wuhan National Research Center for Optoelectronics
- School of Optical and Electronic Information
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Zhenyu Lei
- Wuhan National Research Center for Optoelectronics
- School of Optical and Electronic Information
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Junhui Yuan
- Wuhan National Research Center for Optoelectronics
- School of Optical and Electronic Information
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Kanhao Xue
- Wuhan National Research Center for Optoelectronics
- School of Optical and Electronic Information
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Yanrong Guo
- Shanghai Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Center and Department of Optical Science and Engineering
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Songyou Wang
- Shanghai Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Center and Department of Optical Science and Engineering
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Xiangshui Miao
- Wuhan National Research Center for Optoelectronics
- School of Optical and Electronic Information
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Riccardo Mazzarello
- Institute for Theoretical Solid State Physics
- RWTH Aachen University
- Aachen 52074
- Germany
- JARA-FIT and JARA-HPC
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40
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Zhu F, Hirata A, Liu P, Song S, Tian Y, Han J, Fujita T, Chen M. Correlation between Local Structure Order and Spatial Heterogeneity in a Metallic Glass. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:215501. [PMID: 29219421 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.215501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although nanoscale spatial heterogeneity of metallic glasses has been demonstrated by extensive experimental and theoretical investigations, the nature of spatial heterogeneity remains poorly known owing to the absence of a structural depiction of the inhomogeneity from experimental insight. Here we report the experimental characterization of the spatial heterogeneity of a metallic glass by utilizing state-of-the-art angstrom-beam electron diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The subnanoscale electron diffraction reveals that the nanoscale spatial heterogeneity and corresponding density fluctuation have a close correlation with the local structure variation from icosahedronlike to tetragonal crystal-like order. The structural insights of spatial heterogeneity have important implications in understanding the properties and dynamics of metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hirata
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Mathematics for Advanced Materials-OIL, AIST-Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Pan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shuangxi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Jiuhui Han
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujita
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Mingwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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41
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Şopu D, Stukowski A, Stoica M, Scudino S. Atomic-Level Processes of Shear Band Nucleation in Metallic Glasses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:195503. [PMID: 29219492 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.195503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control the plastic deformation of amorphous metals is based on the capacity to influence the percolation of the shear transformation zones (STZs). Despite the recent research progress, the mechanism of STZ self-assembly has so far remained elusive. Here, we identify the structural perturbation generated by an STZ in the surrounding material and show how such a perturbation triggers the activation of the neighboring STZ. The mechanism is based on the autocatalytic generation of successive strong strain and rotation fields, leading to STZ percolation and, ultimately, to the formation of a shear band.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Şopu
- Institute for Complex Materials, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Stukowski
- Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Strasse 3, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Stoica
- Laboratory of Metal Physics and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Scudino
- Institute for Complex Materials, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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42
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Wang XD, Jiang JZ. Perspective on Structural Evolution and Relations with Thermophysical Properties of Metallic Liquids. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1703136. [PMID: 28940751 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the structural evolution and properties of metallic liquids is a long-standing hot issue in condensed-matter physics and materials science. Here, recent progress is reviewed in several fundamental aspects of metallic liquids, including the methods to study their atomic structures, liquid-liquid transition, physical properties, fragility, and their correlations with local structures, together with potential applications of liquid metals at room temperature. Involved with more experimentally and theoretically advanced techniques, these studies provide more in-depth understanding of the structure-property relationship of metallic liquids and promote the design of new metallic materials with superior properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Wang
- International Center for New-Structured Materials, School of Materials and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Zhong Jiang
- International Center for New-Structured Materials, School of Materials and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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43
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Effect of surface and internal defects on the mechanical properties of metallic glasses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13472. [PMID: 29044193 PMCID: PMC5647394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the significance of surface effects on the deformation behaviours of small-scale metallic glasses, systematic investigations on surface states are lacking. In this work, by employing atomistic simulations, we characterise the distributions of local inhomogeneity near surfaces created by casting and cutting, along with internal distributions in pristine and irradiated bulk specimens, and investigate the effects of inhomogeneity on the mechanical properties. The cast surface shows enhanced yield strength and degrees of shear localisation, while the cut surface shows the opposite effects, although the fraction of vibrational soft spots, known to indicate low-energy barriers for local rearrangement, is high near both surfaces. Correspondingly, plastic deformation is initiated near the cut surface, but far from the cast surface. We reveal that improved local orientational symmetry promotes strengthening in cast surfaces and originates from the effectively lower quenching rate due to faster diffusion near the surface. However, a significant correlation among vibrational soft spots, local symmetries, and the degree of shear localisation is found for the pristine and irradiated bulk materials. Our findings reveal the sensitivity of the surface state to the surface preparation methods, and indicate that particular care must be taken when studying metallic glasses containing free surfaces.
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44
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Zhang G, Stillinger FH, Torquato S. Can exotic disordered "stealthy" particle configurations tolerate arbitrarily large holes? SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:6197-6207. [PMID: 28798966 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The probability of finding a spherical cavity or "hole" of arbitrarily large size in typical disordered many-particle systems in the infinite-system-size limit (e.g., equilibrium liquid states) is non-zero. Such "hole" statistics are intimately linked to the thermodynamic and nonequilibrium physical properties of the system. Disordered "stealthy" many-particle configurations in d-dimensional Euclidean space [Doublestruck R]d are exotic amorphous states of matter that lie between a liquid and crystal that prohibit single-scattering events for a range of wave vectors and possess no Bragg peaks [Torquato et al., Phys. Rev. X, 2015, 5, 021020]. In this paper, we provide strong numerical evidence that disordered stealthy configurations across the first three space dimensions cannot tolerate arbitrarily large holes in the infinite-system-size limit, i.e., the hole probability has compact support. This structural "rigidity" property apparently endows disordered stealthy systems with novel thermodynamic and physical properties, including desirable band-gap, optical and transport characteristics. We also determine the maximum hole size that any stealthy system can possess across the first three space dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
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45
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Goncharova EV, Konchakov RA, Makarov AS, Kobelev NP, Khonik VA. Identification of interstitial-like defects in a computer model of glassy aluminum. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:305701. [PMID: 28556782 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa75a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Computer simulation shows that glassy aluminum produced by rapid melt quenching contains a significant number of 'defects' similar to dumbbell (split) interstitials in the crystalline state. Although these 'defects' do not have any clear topological pattern as opposed to the crystal, they can be uniquely identified with the same properties which are characteristic of these defects in the crystalline structure, i.e. strong sensitivity to applied shear stress, specific local shear strain fields and distinctive low-/high-frequency peculiarities in the vibration spectra of 'defective' atoms. This conclusion provides new support for the interstitialcy theory, which was found to give consistent and verifiable explanations for a number of relaxation phenomena in metallic glasses and their relationship with the maternal crystalline state.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Goncharova
- Department of General Physics, State Pedagogical University, Lenin St. 86, Voronezh, 394043, Russia
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46
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Leoni F, Shokef Y. Attraction Controls the Inversion of Order by Disorder in Buckled Colloidal Monolayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:218002. [PMID: 28598639 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.218002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We show how including attraction in interparticle interactions reverses the effect of fluctuations in ordering of a prototypical artificial frustrated system. Buckled colloidal monolayers exhibit the same ground state as the Ising antiferromagnet on a deformable triangular lattice, but it is unclear if ordering in the two systems is driven by the same geometric mechanism. By a real-space expansion we find that, for buckled colloids, bent stripes constitute the stable phase, whereas in the Ising antiferromagnet straight stripes are favored. For generic pair potentials we show that attraction governs this selection mechanism, in a manner that is linked to local packing considerations. This supports the geometric origin of entropy in jammed sphere packings and provides a tool for designing self-assembled colloidal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Leoni
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yair Shokef
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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47
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Gangopadhyay AK, Pueblo CE, Dai R, Johnson ML, Ashcraft R, Van Hoesen D, Sellers M, Kelton KF. Correlation of the fragility of metallic liquids with the high temperature structure, volume, and cohesive energy. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:154506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4981011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. K. Gangopadhyay
- Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - C. E. Pueblo
- Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - R. Dai
- Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - M. L. Johnson
- Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - R. Ashcraft
- Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - D. Van Hoesen
- Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - M. Sellers
- Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - K. F. Kelton
- Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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48
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Ding J, Cheng YQ, Sheng H, Asta M, Ritchie RO, Ma E. Universal structural parameter to quantitatively predict metallic glass properties. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13733. [PMID: 27941922 PMCID: PMC5159863 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitatively correlating the amorphous structure in metallic glasses (MGs) with their physical properties has been a long-sought goal. Here we introduce ‘flexibility volume' as a universal indicator, to bridge the structural state the MG is in with its properties, on both atomic and macroscopic levels. The flexibility volume combines static atomic volume with dynamics information via atomic vibrations that probe local configurational space and interaction between neighbouring atoms. We demonstrate that flexibility volume is a physically appropriate parameter that can quantitatively predict the shear modulus, which is at the heart of many key properties of MGs. Moreover, the new parameter correlates strongly with atomic packing topology, and also with the activation energy for thermally activated relaxation and the propensity for stress-driven shear transformations. These correlations are expected to be robust across a very wide range of MG compositions, processing conditions and length scales.
Various known structural descriptors of metallic glasses have limitations in quantitatively predicting properties. Here authors define a physically-motivated measure and show it to correlate strongly with elastic properties, local structure and relaxation kinetics over a wide range of simulated compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ding
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Yong-Qiang Cheng
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Howard Sheng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
| | - Mark Asta
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Evan Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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49
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Zhang G, Stillinger FH, Torquato S. The Perfect Glass Paradigm: Disordered Hyperuniform Glasses Down to Absolute Zero. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36963. [PMID: 27892452 PMCID: PMC5125002 DOI: 10.1038/srep36963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid cooling of liquids below a certain temperature range can result in a transition to glassy states. The traditional understanding of glasses includes their thermodynamic metastability with respect to crystals. However, here we present specific examples of interactions that eliminate the possibilities of crystalline and quasicrystalline phases, while creating mechanically stable amorphous glasses down to absolute zero temperature. We show that this can be accomplished by introducing a new ideal state of matter called a "perfect glass". A perfect glass represents a soft-interaction analog of the maximally random jammed (MRJ) packings of hard particles. These latter states can be regarded as the epitome of a glass since they are out of equilibrium, maximally disordered, hyperuniform, mechanically rigid with infinite bulk and shear moduli, and can never crystallize due to configuration-space trapping. Our model perfect glass utilizes two-, three-, and four-body soft interactions while simultaneously retaining the salient attributes of the MRJ state. These models constitute a theoretical proof of concept for perfect glasses and broaden our fundamental understanding of glass physics. A novel feature of equilibrium systems of identical particles interacting with the perfect-glass potential at positive temperature is that they have a non-relativistic speed of sound that is infinite.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, 08540, USA
| | - F. H. Stillinger
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, 08540, USA
| | - S. Torquato
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, and Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, 08540, USA
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50
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Yu HB, Richert R, Samwer K. Correlation between Viscoelastic Moduli and Atomic Rearrangements in Metallic Glasses. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:3747-3751. [PMID: 27606965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dynamical moduli, such as storage and loss moduli, characterize the viscoelasticity of materials (i.e., time-dependent elasticity) and convey important information about the relaxation processes of glasses and supercooled liquids. A fundamental question is what ultimately determines them in glassy materials. Here, for several model metallic glasses, we demonstrate that both the storage and loss moduli are uniquely determined by the most probable atomic nonaffine displacements, regardless of temperature or frequency. Moreover, the fast-moving atoms (which contribute to dynamical heterogeneity) do not contribute explicitly to the moduli. Our findings provide a physical basis for the origin of viscoelasticity in metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bin Yu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , WuHan 430074, China
| | - Ranko Richert
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Konrad Samwer
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen , D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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