1
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Huang Z, Bai Y, Zhao Y, Liu L, Zhao X, Wu J, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Yang W, Shi D, Xu Y, Zhang T, Zhang Q, Tan PH, Sun Z, Meng S, Wang Y, Du L, Zhang G. Observation of phonon Stark effect. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4586. [PMID: 38811589 PMCID: PMC11137145 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48992-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Stark effect, the electric-field analogue of magnetic Zeeman effect, is one of the celebrated phenomena in modern physics and appealing for emergent applications in electronics, optoelectronics, as well as quantum technologies. While in condensed matter it has prospered only for excitons, whether other collective excitations can display Stark effect remains elusive. Here, we report the observation of phonon Stark effect in a two-dimensional quantum system of bilayer 2H-MoS2. The longitudinal acoustic phonon red-shifts linearly with applied electric fields and can be tuned over ~1 THz, evidencing giant Stark effect of phonons. Together with many-body ab initio calculations, we uncover that the observed phonon Stark effect originates fundamentally from the strong coupling between phonons and interlayer excitons (IXs). In addition, IX-mediated electro-phonon intensity modulation up to ~1200% is discovered for infrared-active phonon A2u. Our results unveil the exotic phonon Stark effect and effective phonon engineering by IX-mediated mechanism, promising for a plethora of exciting many-body physics and potential technological innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yunfei Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yanchong Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Le Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jiangbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Wei Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dongxia Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qingming Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ping-Heng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhipei Sun
- QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Sheng Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, 523808, China
| | - Yaxian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Luojun Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, 523808, China.
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2
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Hong HC, Ryu JI, Lee HC. Recent Understanding in the Chemical Vapor Deposition of Multilayer Graphene: Controlling Uniformity, Thickness, and Stacking Configuration. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2217. [PMID: 37570535 PMCID: PMC10421010 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Multilayer graphene has attracted significant attention because its physical properties can be tuned by stacking its layers in a particular configuration. To apply the intriguing properties of multilayer graphene in various optoelectronic or spintronic devices, it is essential to develop a synthetic method that enables the control of the stacking configuration. This review article presents the recent progress in the synthesis of multilayer graphene by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). First, we discuss the CVD of multilayer graphene, utilizing the precipitation or segregation of carbon atoms from metal catalysts with high carbon solubility. Subsequently, we present novel CVD approaches to yield uniform and thickness-controlled multilayer graphene, which goes beyond the conventional precipitation or segregation methods. Finally, we introduce the latest studies on the control of stacking configurations in bilayer graphene during CVD processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyo Chan Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea
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3
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Tan QH, Li YM, Lai JM, Sun YJ, Zhang Z, Song F, Robert C, Marie X, Gao W, Tan PH, Zhang J. Quantum interference between dark-excitons and zone-edged acoustic phonons in few-layer WS 2. Nat Commun 2023; 14:88. [PMID: 36604415 PMCID: PMC9816112 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fano resonance which describes a quantum interference between continuum and discrete states, provides a unique method for studying strongly interacting physics. Here, we report a Fano resonance between dark excitons and zone-edged acoustic phonons in few-layer WS2 by using the resonant Raman technique. The discrete phonons with large momentum at the M-point of the Brillouin zone and the continuum dark exciton states related to the optically forbidden transition at K and Q valleys are coupled by the exciton-phonon interactions. We observe rich Fano resonance behaviors across layers and modes defined by an asymmetry-parameter q: including constructive interference with two mirrored asymmetry Fano peaks (weak coupling, q > 1 and q < - 1), and destructive interference with Fano dip (strong coupling, ∣q∣ < < 1). Our results provide new insight into the exciton-phonon quantum interference in two-dimensional semiconductors, where such interferences play a key role in their transport, optical, and thermodynamic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hai Tan
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China ,grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun-Mei Li
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 China
| | - Jia-Min Lai
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yu-Jia Sun
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Feilong Song
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Cedric Robert
- grid.462768.90000 0004 0383 4043University of Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Av. Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Xavier Marie
- grid.462768.90000 0004 0383 4043University of Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Av. Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Weibo Gao
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore, Singapore ,grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361The Photonics Institute and Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Ping-Heng Tan
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jun Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419CAS Center of Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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4
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Kim IH, Choi S, Lee J, Jung J, Yeo J, Kim JT, Ryu S, Ahn SK, Kang J, Poulin P, Kim SO. Human-muscle-inspired single fibre actuator with reversible percolation. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:1198-1205. [PMID: 36302962 PMCID: PMC9646516 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Artificial muscles are indispensable components for next-generation robotics capable of mimicking sophisticated movements of living systems. However, an optimal combination of actuation parameters, including strain, stress, energy density and high mechanical strength, is required for their practical applications. Here we report mammalian-skeletal-muscle-inspired single fibres and bundles with large and strong contractive actuation. The use of exfoliated graphene fillers within a uniaxial liquid crystalline matrix enables photothermal actuation with large work capacity and rapid response. Moreover, the reversible percolation of graphene fillers induced by the thermodynamic conformational transition of mesoscale structures can be in situ monitored by electrical switching. Such a dynamic percolation behaviour effectively strengthens the mechanical properties of the actuator fibres, particularly in the contracted actuation state, enabling mammalian-muscle-like reliable reversible actuation. Taking advantage of a mechanically compliant fibre structure, smart actuators are readily integrated into strong bundles as well as high-power soft robotics with light-driven remote control.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Ho Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Subi Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwook Yeo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Tae Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwa Ryu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Kyun Ahn
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiheong Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Philippe Poulin
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, Pessac, France
| | - Sang Ouk Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Materials Creation, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Huang Y, Su R, Wang Y, Zhu C, Feng J, Zhao J, Liu Z, Xiong Q. A Fano Cavity-Photon Interface for Directional Suppression of Spectral Diffusion of a Single Perovskite Nanoplatelet. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8274-8280. [PMID: 36197087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals that are capable of mass production with wet chemical synthesis have long been proposed as color-tunable, scalable quantum emitters for information processing and communication. However, they constantly suffer from spectral diffusion due to being exposed to a noisy electrostatic environment. Herein we demonstrate a cavity-photon interface (CPI) which effectively suppresses the temperature-activated spectral diffusion (SD) of a single perovskite nanoplatelet (NPL) up to 40 K. The spectrally stabilized single-photon emission is achieved at a specific emission direction corresponding to an inhibited dipole moment of the NPL as the result of the Fano coupling between the two photon dissipation channels of the NPL. Our results shed light on the nature of the SD of perovskite nanocrystals and offer a general cavity quantum electrodynamic scheme that controls the brightness and spectral dynamics of a single-photon emitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Huang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
| | - Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
| | - Yubin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhu
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangang Feng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing100084, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing100871, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing100193, P.R. China
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6
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Stellino E, Capitani F, Ripanti F, Verseils M, Petrillo C, Dore P, Postorino P. Broadband infrared study of pressure-tunable Fano resonance and metallization transition in 2H-[Formula: see text]. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17333. [PMID: 36243735 PMCID: PMC9569381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High pressure is a proven effective tool for modulating inter-layer interactions in semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides, which leads to significant band structure changes. Here, we present an extended infrared study of the pressure-induced semiconductor-to-metal transition in 2H-[Formula: see text], which reveals that the metallization process at 13-15 GPa is not associated with the indirect band-gap closure, occurring at 24 GPa. A coherent picture is drawn where n-type doping levels just below the conduction band minimum play a crucial role in the early metallization transition. Doping levels are also responsible for the asymmetric Fano line-shape of the [Formula: see text] infrared-active mode, which has been here detected and analyzed for the first time in a transition metal dichalcogenide compound. The pressure evolution of the phonon profile under pressure shows a symmetrization in the 13-15 GPa pressure range, which occurs simultaneously with the metallization and confirms the scenario proposed for the high pressure behaviour of 2H-[Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Stellino
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, via Alessandro Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - F. Capitani
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, 91190 Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - F. Ripanti
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, via Alessandro Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - M. Verseils
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, 91190 Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - C. Petrillo
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, via Alessandro Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - P. Dore
- Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - P. Postorino
- Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
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7
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Zhang W, Craddock TJ, Li Y, Swartzlander M, Alfano RR, Shi L. Fano resonance line shapes in the Raman spectra of tubulin and microtubules reveal quantum effects. BIOPHYSICAL REPORTS 2022; 2:100043. [PMID: 36425084 PMCID: PMC9680776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2021.100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules are self-assembling biological nanotubes made of the protein tubulin that are essential for cell motility, cell architecture, cell division, and intracellular trafficking. They demonstrate unique mechanical properties of high resilience and stiffness due to their quasi-crystalline helical structure. It has been theorized that this hollow molecular nanostructure may function like a quantum wire where optical transitions can take place, and photoinduced changes in microtubule architecture may be mediated via changes in disulfide or peptide bonds or stimulated by photoexcitation of tryptophan, tyrosine, or phenylalanine groups, resulting in subtle protein structural changes owing to alterations in aromatic flexibility. Here, we measured the Raman spectra of a microtubule and its constituent protein tubulin both in dry powdered form and in aqueous solution to determine if molecular bond vibrations show potential Fano resonances, which are indicative of quantum coupling between discrete phonon vibrational states and continuous excitonic many-body spectra. The key findings of this work are that we observed the Raman spectra of tubulin and microtubules and found line shapes characteristic of Fano resonances attributed to aromatic amino acids and disulfide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Travis J.A. Craddock
- Clinical Systems Biology Group, Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine
- Departments of Psychology & Neuroscience, Computer Science, and Clinical Immunology, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Robert R. Alfano
- Institute for Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lasers, Department of Physics, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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8
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Huang YQ, Beyer J, Puttisong Y, Buyanova IA, Chen WM. Identifying a Generic and Detrimental Role of Fano Resonance in Spin Generation in Semiconductor Nanostructures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:127401. [PMID: 34597090 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.127401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fano resonance is a fundamental physical process that strongly affects the electronic transport, optical, and vibronic properties of matter. Here, we provide the first experimental demonstration of its profound effect on spin properties in semiconductor nanostructures. We show that electron spin generation in InAs/GaAs quantum-dot structures is completely quenched upon spin injection from adjacent InGaAs wetting layers at the Fano resonance due to coupling of light-hole excitons and the heavy-hole continuum of the interband optical transitions, mediated by an anisotropic exchange interaction. Using a master equation approach, we show that such quenching of spin generation is robust and independent of Fano parameters. This work therefore identifies spin-dependent Fano resonance as a universal spin loss channel in quantum-dot systems with an inherent symmetry-breaking effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Q Huang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, S-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - J Beyer
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, S-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Y Puttisong
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, S-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - I A Buyanova
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, S-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - W M Chen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, S-58183 Linköping, Sweden
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9
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Dai Z, Gao Z, Pershoguba SS, Tiwale N, Subramanian A, Zhang Q, Eads C, Tenney SA, Osgood RM, Nam CY, Zang J, Johnson ATC, Sadowski JT. Quantum-Well Bound States in Graphene Heterostructure Interfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:086805. [PMID: 34477425 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.086805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present experimental evidence of electronic and optical interlayer resonances in graphene van der Waals heterostructure interfaces. Using the spectroscopic mode of a low-energy electron microscope (LEEM), we characterized these interlayer resonant states up to 10 eV above the vacuum level. Compared with nontwisted, AB-stacked bilayer graphene (AB BLG), an ≈0.2 Å increase was found in the interlayer spacing of 30° twisted bilayer graphene (30°-tBLG). In addition, we used Raman spectroscopy to probe the inelastic light-matter interactions. A unique type of Fano resonance was found around the D and G modes of the graphene lattice vibrations. This anomalous, robust Fano resonance is a direct result of quantum confinement and the interplay between discrete phonon states and the excitonic continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Dai
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Zhaoli Gao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sergey S Pershoguba
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Materials Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Nikhil Tiwale
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Ashwanth Subramanian
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Qicheng Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Calley Eads
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Samuel A Tenney
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Richard M Osgood
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Chang-Yong Nam
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Jiadong Zang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Materials Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - A T Charlie Johnson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jerzy T Sadowski
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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10
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Quenching effect of oscillating potential on anisotropic resonant transmission through a phosphorene electrostatic barrier. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2881. [PMID: 33536502 PMCID: PMC7859226 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82323-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The anisotropy in resonant tunneling transport through an electrostatic barrier in monolayer black phosphorus either in presence or in absence of an oscillating potential is studied. Non-perturbative Floquet theory is applied to solve the time dependent problem and the results obtained are discussed thoroughly. The resonance spectra in field free transmission are Lorentzian in nature although the width of the resonance for the barrier along the zigzag (Г–Y) direction is too thinner than that for the armchair (Г–X) one. Resonant transmission is suppressed for both the cases by the application of oscillating potential that produces small oscillations in the transmission around the resonant energy particularly at low frequency range. Sharp asymmetric Fano resonances are noted in the transmission spectrum along the armchair direction while a distinct line shape resonance is noted for the zigzag direction at higher frequency of the oscillating potential. Even after the angular average, the conductance along the Г–X direction retains the characteristic Fano features that could be observed experimentally. The present results are supposed to suggest that the phosphorene electrostatic barrier could be used successfully as switching devices and nano detectors.
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11
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Das S, Prasad S, Chakraborty B, Jariwala B, Shradha S, Muthu DVS, Bhattacharya A, Waghmare UV, Sood AK. Doping controlled Fano resonance in bilayer 1T'-ReS 2: Raman experiments and first-principles theoretical analysis. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:1248-1256. [PMID: 33404576 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06583h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the bilayer ReS2 channel of a field-effect transistor (FET), we demonstrate using Raman spectroscopy that electron doping (n) results in softening of frequency and broadening of linewidth for the in-plane vibrational modes, leaving the out-of-plane vibrational modes unaffected. The largest change is observed for the in-plane Raman mode at ∼151 cm-1, which also shows doping induced Fano resonance with the Fano parameter 1/q = -0.17 at a doping concentration of ∼3.7 × 1013 cm-2. A quantitative understanding of our results is provided by first-principles density functional theory (DFT), showing that the electron-phonon coupling (EPC) of in-plane modes is stronger than that of out-of-plane modes, and its variation with doping is independent of the layer stacking. The origin of large EPC is traced to 1T to 1T' structural phase transition of ReS2 involving in-plane displacement of atoms whose instability is driven by the nested Fermi surface of the 1T structure. Results are compared with those of the isostructural trilayer ReSe2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Das
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Suchitra Prasad
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | | | - Bhakti Jariwala
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Sai Shradha
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - D V S Muthu
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Arnab Bhattacharya
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - U V Waghmare
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - A K Sood
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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12
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Cheng B, Schumann T, Wang Y, Zhang X, Barbalas D, Stemmer S, Armitage NP. A Large Effective Phonon Magnetic Moment in a Dirac Semimetal. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:5991-5996. [PMID: 32633978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the magnetoterahertz response of the Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 and observed a particularly low frequency optical phonon as well as a very prominent and field-sensitive cyclotron resonance. As the cyclotron frequency is tuned with the field to pass through the phonon, the phonon becomes circularly polarized, as shown by a notable splitting in its response to right- and left-hand polarized light. This splitting can be expressed as an effective phonon magnetic moment that is approximately 2.7 times the Bohr magneton, which is almost 4 orders of magnitude larger than ab initio calculations predict for phonon magnetic moments in nonmagnetic insulators. This exceedingly large value is due to the coupling of the phonons to the cyclotron motion and is controlled directly by the electron-phonon coupling constant. This field-tunable circular-polarization-selective coupling provides new functionality for nonlinear optics to create light-induced topological phases in Dirac semimetals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Cheng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - T Schumann
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5050, United States
| | - Youcheng Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - D Barbalas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - S Stemmer
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5050, United States
| | - N P Armitage
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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13
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Du PL, Wang Y, Xu RX, Zhang HD, Yan Y. System–bath entanglement theorem with Gaussian environments. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:034102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5134745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Li Du
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Rui-Xue Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hou-Dao Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - YiJing Yan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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14
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Li H, Zhou Z, Zhang K, Wang H. Schottky barrier modulation of a GaTe/graphene heterostructure by interlayer distance and perpendicular electric field. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:405207. [PMID: 31247615 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab2d67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials have recently been the focus of extensive research. Graphene-based vertical van der Waals heterostructures are expected to design and fabricate novel electronic and optoelectronic devices. Monolayer gallium telluride is a graphene-like nanosheet synthesized in experiment. Here, the electronic properties of GaTe/graphene heterostructures are investigated under the interlayer coupling and the applied perpendicular electric field. The results show that the electronic properties of GaTe and graphene are preserved, and the energy bandgap of graphene is opened to 13.5 meV in the GaTe/graphene heterostructure. It is found that the n-type Schottky contact is formed in the GaTe/graphene heterostructure, which can be tuned by the interlayer coupling, and the applied electric field. Moreover, a transformation from n-type to p-type Schottky contact is observed when the interlayer distance is smaller than 3.15 Å or the applied electric field is larger than 0.05 V Å-1. These properties are fundamental to the design of new Schottky nanodevices based on the GaTe/graphene heterostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengheng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, and School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
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15
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Karimi S, Rezania H. Effect of magnetic field on specific heat and magnetic susceptibility of biased bilayer graphene: A full band approach. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2019.110417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Cross-dimensional electron-phonon coupling in van der Waals heterostructures. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2419. [PMID: 31160599 PMCID: PMC6546732 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The electron-phonon coupling (EPC) in a material is at the frontier of the fundamental research, underlying many quantum behaviors. van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) provide an ideal platform to reveal the intrinsic interaction between their electrons and phonons. In particular, the flexible van der Waals stacking of different atomic crystals leads to multiple opportunities to engineer the interlayer phonon modes for EPC. Here, in hBN/WS2 vdWH, we report the strong cross-dimensional coupling between the layer-breathing phonons well extended over tens to hundreds of layer thick vdWH and the electrons localized within the few-layer WS2 constituent. The strength of such cross-dimensional EPC can be well reproduced by a microscopic picture through the mediation by the interfacial coupling and also the interlayer bond polarizability model in vdWHs. The study on cross-dimensional EPC paves the way to manipulate the interaction between electrons and phonons in various vdWHs by interfacial engineering for possible interesting physical phenomena. The strength of electron-phonon coupling can be directly probed by Raman spectroscopy. Here, the authors use low-frequency Raman spectroscopy to unveil the existence of a strong cross-dimensional coupling between the bulk-like layer-breathing phonons in an hBN/WS2 heterostructure and the electrons localized within its few-layer WS2 constituent.
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17
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Maia FCB, O'Callahan BT, Cadore AR, Barcelos ID, Campos LC, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Deneke C, Belyanin A, Raschke MB, Freitas RO. Anisotropic Flow Control and Gate Modulation of Hybrid Phonon-Polaritons. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:708-715. [PMID: 30668122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Light-matter interaction in two-dimensional photonic or phononic materials allows for the confinement and manipulation of free-space radiation at sub-wavelength scales. Most notably, the van der Waals heterostructure composed of graphene (G) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) provides for gate-tunable hybrid hyperbolic plasmon phonon-polaritons (HP3). Here, we present the anisotropic flow control and gate-voltage modulation of HP3 modes in G-hBN on an air-Au microstructured substrate. Using broadband infrared synchrotron radiation coupled to a scattering-type near-field optical microscope, we launch HP3 waves in both hBN Reststrahlen bands and observe directional propagation across in-plane heterointerfaces created at the air-Au junction. The HP3 hybridization is modulated by varying the gate voltage between graphene and Au. This modifies the coupling of continuum graphene plasmons with the discrete hBN hyperbolic phonon polaritons, which is described by an extended Fano model. This work represents the first demonstration of the control of polariton propagation, introducing a theoretical approach to describe the breaking of the reflection and transmission symmetry for HP3 modes. Our findings augment the degree of control of polaritons in G-hBN and related hyperbolic metamaterial nanostructures, bringing new opportunities for on-chip nano-optics communication and computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco C B Maia
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , 13083-970 Campinas , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Brian T O'Callahan
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Alisson R Cadore
- Department of Physics , Federal University of Minas Gerais , 30123-970 Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Ingrid D Barcelos
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , 13083-970 Campinas , Sao Paulo , Brazil
- Department of Physics , Federal University of Minas Gerais , 30123-970 Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Leonardo C Campos
- Department of Physics , Federal University of Minas Gerais , 30123-970 Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science , Namiki 305-0044 , Japan
| | | | - Christoph Deneke
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , 13083-970 Campinas , Sao Paulo , Brazil
- Applied Physics Department, Gleb Wataghin Physics Institute , University of Campinas (Unicamp) , 13083-859 Campinas , Sao Paolo , Brazil
| | - Alexey Belyanin
- Department of Physics & Astronomy , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843-4242 , United States
| | - Markus B Raschke
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Raul O Freitas
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , 13083-970 Campinas , Sao Paulo , Brazil
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18
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Gao L, Ran H, Cao Y, Li Y, Huang W, Huang L, Feng D, Tang X, Zhu T. Coherent optical modulation of graphene based on coherent population oscillation. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:223-226. [PMID: 30644866 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The optical modulation of graphene circumvents the "electrical bottleneck" in electrical field tuning of the Fermi level and motivates diverse graphene-based controllable photonic devices with extraordinary performances. Unfortunately, pervious optical modulation schemes are incoherent, and the Fermi-Dirac distribution formed from a strong pump laser prevents the absorption of a weak probe laser due to the Pauli blocking, making the modulation inconvenient and low in efficiency. Here we demonstrate the coherent optical modulation of graphene based on coherent population oscillation, where ground state population oscillates with a beat frequency equal to the pump and probe frequency difference. To distinguish it from the coexisting incoherent modulation in graphene, a phase-sensitive pump-probe system is constructed with a fiber-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Clear resonance within the burning hole of a pump laser is observed in the interference spectrum of a coherent probe laser. The discovery of highly coherent ground state population oscillation in graphene offers new possibilities for manipulating and controlling the phase response of graphene-based photonics with high efficiency.
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19
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Guan H, Ding T, Zhou W, Wang Z, Zhang J, Cai K. Hexagonal polypyrrole nanosheets from interface driven heterogeneous hybridization and self-assembly for photothermal cancer treatment. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4359-4362. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00809h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hexagonal-shaped polypyrrole (PPy) nanosheets were fabricated by the generation and anisotropic self-assembly of FeOOH–PPy heterostructures for photothermal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Bioengineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
| | - Tao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Bioengineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
| | - Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Bioengineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
| | - Zhenqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Bioengineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
| | - Jixi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Bioengineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Bioengineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
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20
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Wang M, Krasnok A, Zhang T, Scarabelli L, Liu H, Wu Z, Liz-Marzán LM, Terrones M, Alù A, Zheng Y. Tunable Fano Resonance and Plasmon-Exciton Coupling in Single Au Nanotriangles on Monolayer WS 2 at Room Temperature. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705779. [PMID: 29659088 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tunable Fano resonances and plasmon-exciton coupling are demonstrated at room temperature in hybrid systems consisting of single plasmonic nanoparticles deposited on top of the transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers. By using single Au nanotriangles (AuNTs) on monolayer WS2 as model systems, Fano resonances are observed from the interference between a discrete exciton band of monolayer WS2 and a broadband plasmonic mode of single AuNTs. The Fano lineshape depends on the exciton binding energy and the localized surface plasmon resonance strength, which can be tuned by the dielectric constant of surrounding solvents and AuNT size, respectively. Moreover, a transition from weak to strong plasmon-exciton coupling with Rabi splitting energies of 100-340 meV is observed by rationally changing the surrounding solvents. With their tunable plasmon-exciton interactions, the proposed WS2 -AuNT hybrids can open new pathways to develop active nanophotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsong Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Alex Krasnok
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Leonardo Scarabelli
- Bionanoplasmonics Laboratory, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - He Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Zilong Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- Bionanoplasmonics Laboratory, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Chemical Engineering, Carlos III University of Madrid, Avenida Universidad 30, 28911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, Madrid, 28005, Spain
| | - Andrea Alù
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Dao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Physics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Rui-Xue Xu
- Department of Chemical Physics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Department of Chemical Physics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - YiJing Yan
- Department of Chemical Physics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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22
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Wu JB, Lin ML, Cong X, Liu HN, Tan PH. Raman spectroscopy of graphene-based materials and its applications in related devices. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1822-1873. [PMID: 29368764 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00915h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 522] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-based materials exhibit remarkable electronic, optical, and mechanical properties, which has resulted in both high scientific interest and huge potential for a variety of applications. Furthermore, the family of graphene-based materials is growing because of developments in preparation methods. Raman spectroscopy is a versatile tool to identify and characterize the chemical and physical properties of these materials, both at the laboratory and mass-production scale. This technique is so important that most of the papers published concerning these materials contain at least one Raman spectrum. Thus, here, we systematically review the developments in Raman spectroscopy of graphene-based materials from both fundamental research and practical (i.e., device applications) perspectives. We describe the essential Raman scattering processes of the entire first- and second-order modes in intrinsic graphene. Furthermore, the shear, layer-breathing, G and 2D modes of multilayer graphene with different stacking orders are discussed. Techniques to determine the number of graphene layers, to probe resonance Raman spectra of monolayer and multilayer graphenes and to obtain Raman images of graphene-based materials are also presented. The extensive capabilities of Raman spectroscopy for the investigation of the fundamental properties of graphene under external perturbations are described, which have also been extended to other graphene-based materials, such as graphene quantum dots, carbon dots, graphene oxide, nanoribbons, chemical vapor deposition-grown and SiC epitaxially grown graphene flakes, composites, and graphene-based van der Waals heterostructures. These fundamental properties have been used to probe the states, effects, and mechanisms of graphene materials present in the related heterostructures and devices. We hope that this review will be beneficial in all the aspects of graphene investigations, from basic research to material synthesis and device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
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23
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Zhang C, Jiao Y, He T, Bottle S, Frauenheim T, Du A. Predicting Two-Dimensional C 3B/C 3N van der Waals p-n Heterojunction with Strong Interlayer Electron Coupling and Enhanced Photocurrent. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:858-862. [PMID: 29406724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The interlayer coupling in 2D van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures (HTS) plays the main role in generating new physics. However, the interlayer coupling is often weak, and little information on the strength of interlayer interaction in HTS is available. On the basis of density functional theory, we demonstrate that an effective electron coupling can be created in 2D C3B/C3N vdW HTS. The experimentally synthesized monolayers C3B and C3N are p- and n-type doped large gap semiconductors, respectively. However, the formed vdW HTS exhibits novel Dirac fermion. The strong interlayer electron coupling results in a large interlayer built-in electric field and improved optical properties of the 2D C3B/C3N vdW HTS. Moreover, a simple tight-binding model of C3B/C3N HTS with the nonzero interlayer hopping parameters captures the physical picture of interlayer coupling. Our results demonstrate the importance of interlayer electron coupling in the modulation of materials properties of 2D vdW HTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology , Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Yalong Jiao
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology , Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Tianwei He
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology , Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Steven Bottle
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology , Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen , Am Falturm 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Aijun Du
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology , Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
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24
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Omidi S, Kakanejadifard A. Eco-friendly synthesis of graphene–chitosan composite hydrogel as efficient adsorbent for Congo red. RSC Adv 2018; 8:12179-12189. [PMID: 35539411 PMCID: PMC9079260 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00510a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple approach was utilized to synthesize graphene/chitosan-based hydrogel using glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent in room temperature. The composite aerogel was used for removal of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution. It showed high adsorption capacity towards Congo red as an anionic dye. Adsorption experiments were performed based on various parameters, such as initial Congo red concentration, solution pH and contact time. The kinetics data were analyzed using four different models and the pseudo-second-order model best described the adsorption of Congo red aerogel. The Equilibrium adsorption isotherm data indicated that equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum dye adsorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir isotherm equation was 384.62 mg g−1. Moreover, the aerogel was stable and easily recovered, and adsorption capacity was about 100% of the initial saturation adsorption capacity after being used three times. Graphene/chitosan-based hydrogel was synthesized using glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent in room temperature and it used for removal of Congo red dye from aqueous solution.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Omidi
- Faculty of Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Lorestan University
- Khorramabad
- Iran
| | - Ali Kakanejadifard
- Faculty of Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Lorestan University
- Khorramabad
- Iran
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25
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Abstract
In this work, we address the ubiquitous phenomenon of Fano resonances in bilayer graphene. We consider that this phenomenon is as exotic as other phenomena in graphene because it can arise without an external extended states source or elaborate nano designs. However, there are not theoretical and/or experimental studies that report the impact of Fano resonances on the transport properties. Here, we carry out a systematic assessment of the contribution of the Fano resonances on the transport properties of bilayer graphene superlattices. Specifically, we find that by changing the number of periods, adjusting the barriers height as well as modifying the barriers and wells width it is possible to identify the contribution of Fano resonances on the conductance. Particularly, the coupling of Fano resonances with the intrinsic minibands of the superlattice gives rise to specific and identifiable changes in the conductance. Moreover, by reducing the angular range for the computation of the transport properties it is possible to obtain conductance curves with line-shapes quite similar to the Fano profile and the coupling profile between Fano resonance and miniband states. In fact, these conductance features could serve as unequivocal characteristic of the existence of Fano resonances in bilayer graphene.
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26
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Bezares FJ, Sanctis AD, Saavedra JRM, Woessner A, Alonso-González P, Amenabar I, Chen J, Bointon TH, Dai S, Fogler MM, Basov DN, Hillenbrand R, Craciun MF, García de Abajo FJ, Russo S, Koppens FHL. Intrinsic Plasmon-Phonon Interactions in Highly Doped Graphene: A Near-Field Imaging Study. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:5908-5913. [PMID: 28809573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As a two-dimensional semimetal, graphene offers clear advantages for plasmonic applications over conventional metals, such as stronger optical field confinement, in situ tunability, and relatively low intrinsic losses. However, the operational frequencies at which plasmons can be excited in graphene are limited by the Fermi energy EF, which in practice can be controlled electrostatically only up to a few tenths of an electronvolt. Higher Fermi energies open the door to novel plasmonic devices with unprecedented capabilities, particularly at mid-infrared and shorter-wave infrared frequencies. In addition, this grants us a better understanding of the interaction physics of intrinsic graphene phonons with graphene plasmons. Here, we present FeCl3-intercalated graphene as a new plasmonic material with high stability under environmental conditions and carrier concentrations corresponding to EF > 1 eV. Near-field imaging of this highly doped form of graphene allows us to characterize plasmons, including their corresponding lifetimes, over a broad frequency range. For bilayer graphene, in contrast to the monolayer system, a phonon-induced dipole moment results in increased plasmon damping around the intrinsic phonon frequency. Strong coupling between intrinsic graphene phonons and plasmons is found, supported by ab initio calculations of the coupling strength, which are in good agreement with the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Bezares
- ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolfo De Sanctis
- Center for Graphene Science, College of Engineering Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter , Exeter EX4 4PU, United Kingdom
| | - J R M Saavedra
- ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Achim Woessner
- ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Alonso-González
- CIC nanoGUNE Consolider , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo , 33007, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Iban Amenabar
- CIC nanoGUNE Consolider , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jianing Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Thomas H Bointon
- Center for Graphene Science, College of Engineering Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter , Exeter EX4 4PU, United Kingdom
| | - Siyuan Dai
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Michael M Fogler
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Physics, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Rainer Hillenbrand
- CIC nanoGUNE Consolider , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Monica F Craciun
- Center for Graphene Science, College of Engineering Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter , Exeter EX4 4PU, United Kingdom
| | - F Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats , Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Saverio Russo
- Center for Graphene Science, College of Engineering Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter , Exeter EX4 4PU, United Kingdom
| | - Frank H L Koppens
- ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats , Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Hu H, Liao B, Guo X, Hu D, Qiao X, Liu N, Liu R, Chen K, Bai B, Yang X, Dai Q. Large-Scale Suspended Graphene Used as a Transparent Substrate for Infrared Spectroscopy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1603812. [PMID: 28508534 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201603812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to weak interactions between micrometer-wavelength infrared (IR) light and nanosized samples, a high signal to noise ratio is a prerequisite in order to precisely characterize nanosized samples using IR spectroscopy. Traditional micrometer-thick window substrates, however, have considerable IR absorption which may introduce unavoidable deformations and interruptions to IR spectra of nanoscale samples. A promising alternative is the use of a suspended graphene substrate which has ultrahigh IR transmittance (>97.5%) as well as unique mechanical properties. Here, an effective method is presented for fabrication of suspended graphene over circular holes up to 150 µm in diameter to be utilized as a transparent substrate for IR spectroscopy. It is demonstrated that the suspended graphene has little impact on the measured IR spectra, an advantage which has led to the discovery of several missing vibrational modes of a 20 nm thick PEO film measured on a traditional CaF2 substrate. This can provide a better understanding of molecules' fine structures and status of hanging bands. The unique optical properties of suspended graphene are determined to be superior to those of conventional IR window materials, giving this new substrate great potential as part of a new generation of IR transparent substrates, especially for use in examining nanoscale samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Hu
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Baoxing Liao
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiangdong Guo
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Debo Hu
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofen Qiao
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ruina Liu
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ke Chen
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Bing Bai
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qing Dai
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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28
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Xu B, Dai YM, Zhao LX, Wang K, Yang R, Zhang W, Liu JY, Xiao H, Chen GF, Trugman SA, Zhu JX, Taylor AJ, Yarotski DA, Prasankumar RP, Qiu XG. Temperature-tunable Fano resonance induced by strong coupling between Weyl fermions and phonons in TaAs. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14933. [PMID: 28358027 PMCID: PMC5379101 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong coupling between discrete phonon and continuous electron–hole pair excitations can induce a pronounced asymmetry in the phonon line shape, known as the Fano resonance. This effect has been observed in various systems. Here we reveal explicit evidence for strong coupling between an infrared-active phonon and electronic transitions near the Weyl points through the observation of a Fano resonance in the Weyl semimetal TaAs. The resulting asymmetry in the phonon line shape, conspicuous at low temperatures, diminishes continuously with increasing temperature. This behaviour originates from the suppression of electronic transitions near the Weyl points due to the decreasing occupation of electronic states below the Fermi level (EF) with increasing temperature, as well as Pauli blocking caused by thermally excited electrons above EF. Our findings not only elucidate the mechanism governing the tunable Fano resonance but also open a route for exploring exotic physical phenomena through phonon properties in Weyl semimetals. The study of lattice vibrations coupled to electronic excitations may provide an avenue for exploring exotic physical phenomena. Here, Xu et al. observe a Fano resonance in the Weyl semimetal TaAs, revealing evidence for a strong coupling between phonons and Weyl fermions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 603, Beijing 100190, China.,Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Y M Dai
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L X Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 603, Beijing 100190, China
| | - K Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 603, Beijing 100190, China
| | - R Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 603, Beijing 100190, China
| | - W Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 603, Beijing 100190, China
| | - J Y Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 603, Beijing 100190, China
| | - H Xiao
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, China
| | - G F Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 603, Beijing 100190, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100190, China
| | - S A Trugman
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.,Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J-X Zhu
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.,Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A J Taylor
- Associate Directorate for Chemistry, Life and Earth Sciences, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D A Yarotski
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R P Prasankumar
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - X G Qiu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 603, Beijing 100190, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100190, China
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29
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Wang Y, Liao L, Hu T, Luo S, Wu L, Wang J, Zhang Z, Xie W, Sun L, Kavokin AV, Shen X, Chen Z. Exciton-Polariton Fano Resonance Driven by Second Harmonic Generation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:063602. [PMID: 28234528 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.063602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Angle-resolved second harmonic generation (SHG) spectra of ZnO microwires show characteristic Fano resonances in the spectral vicinity of exciton-polariton modes. We observe a resonant peak followed by a strong dip in SHG originating from the constructive and destructive interference of the nonresonant SHG and the resonant contribution of the polariton mode. It is demonstrated that the Fano line shape, and thus the Fano asymmetry parameter q, can be tuned by the phase shift of the two channels. We develop a model to calculate the phase-dependent q as a function of the radial angle in the microwire and achieve a good agreement with the experimental results. The deduced phase-to-q relation unveils the crucial information about the dynamics of the system and offers a tool for control on the line shape of the SHG spectra in the vicinity of exciton-polariton modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Liming Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Song Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Wei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Liaoxin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - A V Kavokin
- University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO249QH, United Kingdom
- SPIN-CNR, Viale del Politechnico 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St-Petersburg State University, 1 Ulianovskaya, St-Petersburg, 198504, Russia
| | - Xuechu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Zhanghai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210093, China
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30
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Abstract
By depositing graphene circular double rings (DR) on a SiO2/Si/polymer substrate, the tunable Fano resonance has been theoretically investigated in the terahertz regime, including the effects of the graphene Fermi level, structural parameters and operation frequency. The results demonstrate that the obvious Fano peak can be efficiently modulated because of strong coupling between the incident waves and graphene ribbons. As the Fermi level increases, the peak amplitude of the Fano curve increases, and the resonant peak position shifts to a high frequency. The amplitude modulation depth of the Fano curves is about 30% if the Fermi level changes in the scope of 0.1-1.0 eV. The optimum gap distance between the DR is about 8-12 μm, where the value of the figure of merit shows a peak. The results are very helpful in order to develop novel graphene plasmonic devices, e.g. sensors and modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong He
- Department of Physics, Mathematics & Science College, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China. Shanghai Key Lab for Astrophysics, No. 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China
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31
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Ding JJ, Zhang HD, Wang Y, Xu RX, Zheng X, Yan Y. Minimum-exponents ansatz for molecular dynamics and quantum dissipation. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:204110. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4967964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jin Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Hou-Dao Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics and iChEM and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics and iChEM and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Rui-Xue Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics and iChEM and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics and iChEM and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - YiJing Yan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics and iChEM and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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32
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Zhang HD, Yan Y. Onsets of hierarchy truncation and self-consistent Born approximation with quantum mechanics prescriptions invariance. J Chem Phys 2016; 143:214112. [PMID: 26646874 DOI: 10.1063/1.4936831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The issue of efficient hierarchy truncation is related to many approximate theories. In this paper, we revisit this issue from both the numerical efficiency and quantum mechanics prescription invariance aspects. The latter requires that the truncation approximation made in Schrödinger picture, such as the quantum master equations and their self-consistent-Born-approximation improvements, should be transferable to their Heisenberg-picture correspondences, without further approximations. We address this issue with the dissipaton equation of motion (DEOM), which is a unique theory for the dynamics of not only reduced systems but also hybrid bath environments. We also highlight the DEOM theory is not only about how its dynamical variables evolve in time, but also the underlying dissipaton algebra. We demonstrate this unique feature of DEOM with model systems and report some intriguing nonlinear Fano interferences characteristics that are experimentally measurable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Dao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - YiJing Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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33
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Koch RJ, Fryska S, Ostler M, Endlich M, Speck F, Hänsel T, Schaefer JA, Seyller T. Robust Phonon-Plasmon Coupling in Quasifreestanding Graphene on Silicon Carbide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:106802. [PMID: 27015502 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.106802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Using inelastic electron scattering in combination with dielectric theory simulations on differently prepared graphene layers on silicon carbide, we demonstrate that the coupling between the 2D plasmon of graphene and the surface optical phonon of the substrate cannot be quenched by modification of the interface via intercalation. The intercalation rather provides additional modes like, e.g., the silicon-hydrogen stretch mode in the case of hydrogen intercalation or the silicon-oxygen vibrations for water intercalation that couple to the 2D plasmons of graphene. Furthermore, in the case of bilayer graphene with broken inversion symmetry due to charge imbalance between the layers, we observe a similar coupling of the 2D plasmon to an internal infrared-active mode, the LO phonon mode. The coupling of graphene plasmons to vibrational modes of the substrate surface and internal infrared active modes is envisioned to provide an excellent tool for tailoring the plasmon band structure of monolayer and bilayer graphene for plasmonic devices such as plasmon filters or plasmonic waveguides. The rigidity of the effect furthermore suggests that it may be of importance for other 2D materials as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Koch
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Physik, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
- Institut für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - S Fryska
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Physik, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Ostler
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Physik, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Endlich
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - F Speck
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Physik, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Hänsel
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
- Institut für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - J A Schaefer
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
- Institut für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
- Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - Th Seyller
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Physik, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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34
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Koitaya T, Shiozawa Y, Mukai K, Yoshimoto S, Yoshinobu J. Observation of Fano line shapes in infrared vibrational spectra of CO2 adsorbed on Cu(997) and Cu(111). J Chem Phys 2016; 144:054703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4941060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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35
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Yadav P, Srivastava PK, Ghosh S. Dielectric screening of excitons in monolayer graphene. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:18015-18019. [PMID: 26469682 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04800a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Excitonic transitions in graphene monolayers embedded in different dielectric environments have been investigated using combined absorption and transmission spectroscopy techniques. To vary the dielectric environment, graphene monolayer has been exfoliated in liquid medium. It has been shown that exciton binding energy decreases with increase in the dielectric constant of exfoliating solvents due to the screening of electron-electron and electron-hole interactions in graphene. The typical line shape of the excitonic peak in the absorption spectra is explained by the Fano resonance between the excitonic state and band continuum. Further it has been shown that, there exists a scaling relationship between the dielectric constant of the liquid and the exciton binding energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premlata Yadav
- Electronic Materials and Device Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Pawan Kumar Srivastava
- Electronic Materials and Device Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Subhasis Ghosh
- Electronic Materials and Device Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India.
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36
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Yang Y, Zhan W, Peng R, He C, Pang X, Shi D, Jiang T, Lin Z. Graphene-Enabled Superior and Tunable Photomechanical Actuation in Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Nanocomposites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:6376-81. [PMID: 26389820 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Programmable photoactuation enabled by graphene: Graphene sheets aligned in liquid crystalline elastomers are capable of absorbing near-infrared light. They thereafter act as nanoheaters and provide thermally conductive pathways to trigger the nematic-to-isotropic transition of elastomers, leading to macroscopic mechanical deformation of nanocomposites. Large strain, high actuation force, high initial sensitivity, fast reversible response, and long cyclability are concurrently achieved in nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingkui Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materialsand School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Wenjie Zhan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materialsand School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Rengui Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materialsand School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Chengen He
- MOE Key Laboratory for Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materialsand School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xinchang Pang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Dean Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory for Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materialsand School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materialsand School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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37
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Xu RX, Zhang HD, Zheng X, Yan Y. Dissipaton equation of motion for system-and-bath interference dynamics. Sci China Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-015-5499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Yoshino S, Oohata G, Mizoguchi K. Dynamical Fano-Like Interference between Rabi Oscillations and Coherent Phonons in a Semiconductor Microcavity System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:157402. [PMID: 26550752 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.157402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on dynamical interference between short-lived Rabi oscillations and long-lived coherent phonons in CuCl semiconductor microcavities resulting from the coupling between the two oscillations. The Fourier-transformed spectra of the time-domain signals obtained from semiconductor microcavities by using a pump-probe technique show that the intensity of the coherent longitudinal optical phonon of CuCl is enhanced by increasing that of the Rabi oscillation, which indicates that the coherent phonon is driven by the Rabi oscillation through the Fröhlich interaction. Moreover, as the Rabi oscillation frequency decreases upon crossing the phonon frequency, the spectral profile of the coherent phonon changes from a peak to a dip with an asymmetric structure. The continuous wavelet transformation reveals that these peak and dip structures originate from constructive and destructive interference between Rabi oscillations and coherent phonons, respectively. We demonstrate that the asymmetric spectral structures in relation to the frequency detuning are well reproduced by using a classical coupled oscillator model on the basis of dynamical Fano-like interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yoshino
- Department of Physical Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - G Oohata
- Department of Physical Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - K Mizoguchi
- Department of Physical Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
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39
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Lee B, Park J, Han GH, Ee HS, Naylor CH, Liu W, Johnson ATC, Agarwal R. Fano Resonance and Spectrally Modified Photoluminescence Enhancement in Monolayer MoS2 Integrated with Plasmonic Nanoantenna Array. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:3646-53. [PMID: 25926239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of light-matter interactions in two-dimensional atomically thin crystals is critical for obtaining new optoelectronic functionalities in these strongly confined materials. Here, by integrating chemically grown monolayers of MoS2 with a silver-bowtie nanoantenna array supporting narrow surface-lattice plasmonic resonances, a unique two-dimensional optical system has been achieved. The enhanced exciton-plasmon coupling enables profound changes in the emission and excitation processes leading to spectrally tunable, large photoluminescence enhancement as well as surface-enhanced Raman scattering at room temperature. Furthermore, due to the decreased damping of MoS2 excitons interacting with the plasmonic resonances of the bowtie array at low temperatures stronger exciton-plasmon coupling is achieved resulting in a Fano line shape in the reflection spectrum. The Fano line shape, which is due to the interference between the pathways involving the excitation of the exciton and plasmon, can be tuned by altering the coupling strengths between the two systems via changing the design of the bowties lattice. The ability to manipulate the optical properties of two-dimensional systems with tunable plasmonic resonators offers a new platform for the design of novel optical devices with precisely tailored responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumsu Lee
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joohee Park
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Gang Hee Han
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ho-Seok Ee
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Carl H Naylor
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Wenjing Liu
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - A T Charlie Johnson
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ritesh Agarwal
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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40
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Gierz I, Mitrano M, Bromberger H, Cacho C, Chapman R, Springate E, Link S, Starke U, Sachs B, Eckstein M, Wehling TO, Katsnelson MI, Lichtenstein A, Cavalleri A. Phonon-pump extreme-ultraviolet-photoemission probe in graphene: anomalous heating of Dirac carriers by lattice deformation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:125503. [PMID: 25860758 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.125503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We modulate the atomic structure of bilayer graphene by driving its lattice at resonance with the in-plane E_{1u} lattice vibration at 6.3 μm. Using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (tr-ARPES) with extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulses, we measure the response of the Dirac electrons near the K point. We observe that lattice modulation causes anomalous carrier dynamics, with the Dirac electrons reaching lower peak temperatures and relaxing at faster rate compared to when the excitation is applied away from the phonon resonance or in monolayer samples. Frozen phonon calculations predict dramatic band structure changes when the E_{1u} vibration is driven, which we use to explain the anomalous dynamics observed in the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Gierz
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matteo Mitrano
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hubertus Bromberger
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cephise Cacho
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, OX11 0QX Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Chapman
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, OX11 0QX Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Springate
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, OX11 0QX Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Link
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulrich Starke
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Burkhard Sachs
- I. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Eckstein
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim O Wehling
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Mikhail I Katsnelson
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 HP Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Andrea Cavalleri
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU Oxford, United Kingdom
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41
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Feng F, Guo H, Li D, Wu C, Wu J, Zhang W, Fan S, Yang Y, Wu X, Yang J, Ye B, Xie Y. Highly efficient photothermal effect by atomic-thickness confinement in two-dimensional ZrNCl nanosheets. ACS NANO 2015; 9:1683-1691. [PMID: 25594337 DOI: 10.1021/nn506473m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a giant photothermal effect arising from quantum confinement in two-dimensional nanomaterials. ZrNCl ultrathin nanosheets with less than four monolayers of graphene-like nanomaterial successfully generated synergetic effects of larger relaxation energy of photon-generated electrons and intensified vibration of surface bonds, offering predominantly an enhancement of the electron-phonon interaction to a maximized extent. As a result, they could generate heat flow reaching an ultrahigh value of 5.25 W/g under UV illumination with conversion efficiency up to 72%. We anticipate that enhanced electron-phonon coupling in a quantum confinement system will be a powerful tool for optimizing photothermal conversion of inorganic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Feng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, University of Science & Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
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42
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Glinka YD, Babakiray S, Johnson TA, Lederman D. Thickness tunable quantum interference between surface phonon and Dirac plasmon states in thin films of the topological insulator Bi₂Se₃. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:052203. [PMID: 25614684 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/5/052203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on a >100-fold enhancement of Raman responses from Bi2Se3 thin films if laser photon energy switches from 2.33 eV (532 nm) to 1.58 eV (785 nm), which is due to direct optical coupling to Dirac surface states (SS) at the resonance energy of ∼1.5 eV (a thickness-independent enhancement) and due to nonlinearly excited Dirac plasmon (a thickness-dependent enhancement). Owing to the direct optical coupling, we observed an in-plane phonon mode of hexagonally arranged Se-atoms associated with a continuous network of Dirac SS. This mode revealed a Fano lineshape for films <15 nm thick, resulting from quantum interference between surface phonon and Dirac plasmon states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri D Glinka
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6315, USA. Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev 03028, Ukraine
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43
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Zhang HD, Xu RX, Zheng X, Yan Y. Nonperturbative spin–boson and spin–spin dynamics and nonlinear Fano interferences: A unified dissipaton theory based study. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:024112. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4905494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Dao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Rui-Xue Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - YiJing Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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44
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Yan Y. Theory of open quantum systems with bath of electrons and phonons and spins: many-dissipaton density matrixes approach. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:054105. [PMID: 24511920 DOI: 10.1063/1.4863379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This work establishes a strongly correlated system-and-bath dynamics theory, the many-dissipaton density operators formalism. It puts forward a quasi-particle picture for environmental influences. This picture unifies the physical descriptions and algebraic treatments on three distinct classes of quantum environments, electron bath, phonon bath, and two-level spin or exciton bath, as their participating in quantum dissipation processes. Dynamical variables for theoretical description are no longer just the reduced density matrix for system, but remarkably also those for quasi-particles of bath. The present theoretical formalism offers efficient and accurate means for the study of steady-state (nonequilibrium and equilibrium) and real-time dynamical properties of both systems and hybridizing environments. It further provides universal evaluations, exact in principle, on various correlation functions, including even those of environmental degrees of freedom in coupling with systems. Induced environmental dynamics could be reflected directly in experimentally measurable quantities, such as Fano resonances and quantum transport current shot noise statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- YiJing Yan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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45
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Yan H, Low T, Guinea F, Xia F, Avouris P. Tunable phonon-induced transparency in bilayer graphene nanoribbons. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:4581-6. [PMID: 25019702 DOI: 10.1021/nl501628x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In the phenomenon of plasmon-induced transparency, which is a classical analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in atomic gases, the coherent interference between two plasmon modes results in an optical transparency window in a broad absorption spectrum. With the requirement of contrasting lifetimes, typically one of the plasmon modes involved is a dark mode that has limited coupling to the electromagnetic radiation and possesses relatively longer lifetime. Plasmon-induced transparency not only leads to light transmission at otherwise opaque frequency regions but also results in the slowing of light group velocity and enhanced optical nonlinearity. In this article, we report an analogous behavior, denoted as phonon-induced transparency (PIT), in AB-stacked bilayer graphene nanoribbons. Here, light absorption due to the plasmon excitation is suppressed in a narrow window due to the coupling with the infrared active Γ-point optical phonon, whose function here is similar to that of the dark plasmon mode in the plasmon-induced transparency. We further show that PIT in bilayer graphene is actively tunable by electrostatic gating and estimate a maximum slow light factor of around 500 at the phonon frequency of 1580 cm(-1), based on the measured spectra. Our demonstration opens an avenue for the exploration of few-photon nonlinear optics and slow light in this novel two-dimensional material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugen Yan
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States
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46
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Zhang J, Song L, Zhang Z, Chen N, Qu L. Environmentally responsive graphene systems. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:2151-2164. [PMID: 24376152 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201303080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Graphene materials have been attracting significant research interest in the past few years, with the recent focuses on graphene-based electronic devices and smart stimulus-responsive systems that have a certain degree of automatism. Owing to its huge specific surface area, large room-temperature electron mobility, excellent mechanical flexibility, exceptionally high thermal conductivity and environmental stability, graphene is identified as a beneficial additive or an effective responding component by itself to improve the conductivity, flexibility, mechanical strength and/or the overall responsive performance of smart systems. In this review article, we aim to present the recent advances in graphene systems that are of spontaneous responses to external stimulations, such as environmental variation in pH, temperature, electric current, light, moisture and even gas ambient. These smart stimulus-responsive graphene systems are believed to have great theoretical and practical interests to a wide range of device applications including actuators, switches, robots, sensors, drug/gene deliveries, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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47
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Intra- and Interlayer Electron-Phonon Interactions in 12/12C and 12/13C BiLayer Graphene. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/app4020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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48
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Low T, Guinea F, Yan H, Xia F, Avouris P. Novel midinfrared plasmonic properties of bilayer graphene. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:116801. [PMID: 24702400 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.116801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We study the midinfrared plasmonic response in Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene. Unlike its monolayer counterpart, bilayer graphene accommodates optically active phonon modes and a resonant interband transition at infrared frequencies. They strongly modify the plasmonic properties of bilayer graphene, leading to Fano-type resonances, giant plasmonic enhancement of infrared phonon absorption, a narrow window of optical transparency, and a new plasmonic mode at higher energy than that of the classical plasmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Low
- IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, 1101 Kitchawan Rd, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, USA
| | - Francisco Guinea
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugen Yan
- IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, 1101 Kitchawan Rd, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, USA
| | - Fengnian Xia
- IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, 1101 Kitchawan Rd, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, USA and Yale University, 15 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Phaedon Avouris
- IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, 1101 Kitchawan Rd, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, USA
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49
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Low T, Avouris P. Graphene plasmonics for terahertz to mid-infrared applications. ACS NANO 2014; 8:1086-101. [PMID: 24484181 DOI: 10.1021/nn406627u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, we have seen a rapid progress in the field of graphene plasmonics, motivated by graphene's unique electrical and optical properties, tunability, long-lived collective excitation and its extreme light confinement. Here, we review the basic properties of graphene plasmons: their energy dispersion, localization and propagation, plasmon-phonon hybridization, lifetimes and damping pathways. The application space of graphene plasmonics lies in the technologically significant, but relatively unexploited terahertz to mid-infrared regime. We discuss emerging and potential applications, such as modulators, notch filters, polarizers, mid-infrared photodetectors, and mid-infrared vibrational spectroscopy, among many others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Low
- IBM T.J. Watson Research Center , 1101 Kitchawan Road, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States
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50
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Mattson E, Johns J, Pande K, Bosch R, Cui S, Gajdardziska-Josifovska M, Weinert M, Chen J, Hersam M, Hirschmugl C. Vibrational Excitations and Low Energy Electronic Structure of Epoxide-decorated Graphene. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:212-219. [PMID: 24563725 PMCID: PMC3929940 DOI: 10.1021/jz4025386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report infrared studies of adsorbed atomic oxygen (epoxide functional groups) on graphene. Two different systems are used as a platform to explore these interactions, namely, epitaxial graphene/SiC(0001) functionalized with atomic oxygen (graphene epoxide, GE) and chemically reduced graphene oxide (RGO). In the case of the model GE system, IR reflectivity measurements show that epoxide groups distort the graphene π bands around the K-point, imparting a finite effective mass and contributing to a band gap. In the case of RGO, epoxide groups are found to be present following the reduction treatment by a combination of polarized IR reflectance and transmittance measurements. Similar to the GE system, a band gap in the RGO sample is observed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.C. Mattson
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Physics Dept., Milwaukee, WI 53211
| | - J.E. Johns
- University of Minnesota, Chemistry Dept, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - K. Pande
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Physics Dept., Milwaukee, WI 53211
| | - R.A. Bosch
- Synchrotron Radiation Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Stoughton, WI 53589
| | - S. Cui
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Mechanical Engineering Dept., Milwaukee, WI 53211
| | | | - M. Weinert
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Physics Dept., Milwaukee, WI 53211
| | - J.H. Chen
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Mechanical Engineering Dept., Milwaukee, WI 53211
| | - M.C. Hersam
- Northwestern University, Chemistry Dept., Evanston, IL 60208
- Northwestern University, Materials Science and Engineering Dept., Evanston, IL 60208
| | - C.J. Hirschmugl
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Physics Dept., Milwaukee, WI 53211
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