1
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Zulkifli B, Ahmad Khushaini MA, Azeman NH, Md Jamil MS, Tg Abdul Aziz TH, Md Zain AR. Strong coupling between plasmonic nanocavity gold nanorods and quantum dots emitter. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:19676-19683. [PMID: 38859097 DOI: 10.1364/oe.519939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of hybrid states in strong coupling interaction has gained growing attention in cavity-quantum electrodynamics research owing to its fundamental directives and potential in advanced optical applications. The ultra-confined mode volume of plasmonic cavity gold nanorods (AuNRs), particularly at the nanorod tip "hotspot" provides a large coupling strength, a prerequisite for a coherent energy exchange in the strong coupling regime. Here, we reported a remarkable Rabi splitting of ∼231 meV between gold nanorods longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance (LLSPR) mode and quantum dots (QDs) at ambient conditions, monitored by dielectric medium tuning. Numerical simulations confirmed the result, displaying absorption spectral splitting.
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2
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Lowinski J, Heller L, Hoffet F, Padrón-Brito A, Theophilo K, de Riedmatten H. Strongly Nonlinear Interaction between Nonclassical Light and a Blockaded Rydberg Atomic Ensemble. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:053001. [PMID: 38364169 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.053001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
We investigate the interaction between nonclassical light with a tunable multiphoton component and a highly nonlinear medium based on cold Rydberg atoms. The nonclassical field emitted by a DLCZ quantum memory is stored using Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency, experiencing strong nonlinear response due to the dipole blockade. We show that the storage efficiency in the Rydberg ensemble decreases as a function of the multiphoton strength of the input field, as a result of the nonlinearity. We also show that the autocorrelation function g^{(2)}(0) of the retrieved field after storage in the Rydberg state is considerably reduced, leading to the first demonstration of single photon filtering with nonclassical input light. Finally, we develop a simple simulation that allows us to model the effect of our medium on the input state. This work is a step towards matter-mediated photon-photon interactions with nonclassical light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lowinski
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
| | - Lukas Heller
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
| | - Félix Hoffet
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
| | | | - Klara Theophilo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
| | - Hugues de Riedmatten
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Mehdi E, Gundín M, Millet C, Somaschi N, Lemaître A, Sagnes I, Le Gratiet L, Fioretto DA, Belabas N, Krebs O, Senellart P, Lanco L. Giant optical polarisation rotations induced by a single quantum dot spin. Nat Commun 2024; 15:598. [PMID: 38238312 PMCID: PMC10796934 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In the framework of optical quantum computing and communications, a major objective consists in building receiving nodes implementing conditional operations on incoming photons, using a single stationary qubit. In particular, the quest for scalable nodes motivated the development of cavity-enhanced spin-photon interfaces with solid-state emitters. An important challenge remains, however, to produce a stable, controllable, spin-dependent photon state, in a deterministic way. Here we use an electrically-contacted pillar-based cavity, embedding a single InGaAs quantum dot, to demonstrate giant polarisation rotations induced on reflected photons by a single electron spin. A complete tomography approach is introduced to extrapolate the output polarisation Stokes vector, conditioned by a specific spin state, in presence of spin and charge fluctuations. We experimentally approach polarisation states conditionally rotated by [Formula: see text], π, and [Formula: see text] in the Poincaré sphere with extrapolated fidelities of (97 ± 1) %, (84 ± 7) %, and (90 ± 8) %, respectively. We find that an enhanced light-matter coupling, together with limited cavity birefringence and reduced spectral fluctuations, allow targeting most conditional rotations in the Poincaré sphere, with a control both in longitude and latitude. Such polarisation control may prove crucial to adapt spin-photon interfaces to various configurations and protocols for quantum information.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mehdi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - M Gundín
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - C Millet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - N Somaschi
- Quandela, 7 rue Leonard de Vinci, 91300, Massy, France
| | - A Lemaître
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - I Sagnes
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - L Le Gratiet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - D A Fioretto
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France
- Quandela, 7 rue Leonard de Vinci, 91300, Massy, France
| | - N Belabas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - O Krebs
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - P Senellart
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - L Lanco
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005, Paris, France.
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4
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Zhu Y, Yang J, Abad-Arredondo J, Fernández-Domínguez AI, Garcia-Vidal FJ, Natelson D. Electroluminescence as a Probe of Strong Exciton-Plasmon Coupling in Few-Layer WSe 2. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:525-532. [PMID: 38109687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of coupled quantum excitations is of fundamental importance in realizing novel photonic and optoelectronic devices. We use electroluminescence to probe plasmon-exciton coupling in hybrid structures consisting of a nanoscale plasmonic tunnel junction and few-layer two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenide transferred onto the junction. The resulting hybrid states act as a novel dielectric environment that affects the radiative recombination of hot carriers in the plasmonic nanostructure. We determine the plexcitonic spectrum from the electroluminescence and find Rabi splittings exceeding 50 meV in the strong coupling regime. Our experimental findings are supported by electromagnetic simulations that enable us to explore systematically and in detail the emergence of plexciton polaritons as well as the polarization characteristics of their far-field emission. Electroluminescence modulated by plexciton coupling provides potential applications for engineering compact photonic devices with tunable optical and electrical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxuan Zhu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jiawei Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jaime Abad-Arredondo
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio I Fernández-Domínguez
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Garcia-Vidal
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Douglas Natelson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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5
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Dey J, Virdi A, Chandra M. Tuning nanoscale plasmon-exciton coupling via chemical interface damping. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17879-17888. [PMID: 37888869 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04013e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the exact role of each plasmon decay channel in the plasmon-exciton interaction is essential for realizing the translational potential of nanoscale plexciton hybrids. Here, using single-particle spectroscopy, we demonstrate how a particular decay channel, chemical interface damping (CID), influences the nanoscale plasmon-exciton coupling. We investigate the interaction between cyanine dye J-aggregates and gold nanorods in the presence and absence of CID. The CID effect is introduced via surface modification of the nanorods with 4-nitrothiophenol. The relative contribution of CID is systematically tuned by varying the diameter of the nanorods, while maintaining the aspect ratio constant. We show that the incorporation of the CID channel, in addition to other plasmon decay channels, reduces the plasmon-exciton coupling strength. Nanorods' diameter-dependency measurements reveal that in the absence of CID contribution, the plasmon mode-volume factor gradually dominates over the plasmon decoherence effects as the diameter of the nanorods decreases, resulting in an increase in the plasmon-exciton coupling strength. However, the situation is entirely different when the CID channel is active: plasmon dephasing determines the plasmon-exciton coupling strength by outweighing the influence of even a very small plasmon mode-volume. Most importantly, our findings indicate that CID can be used to controllably tune the plasmon-exciton coupling strength for a given plexciton system by modifying the nanoparticle's surface with suitable adsorbates without the need for altering either the plasmonic or excitonic systems. Thus, judicious exploitation of CID can be tremendously beneficial in tailoring the optical characteristics of plexciton hybrid systems to suit any targeted application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirban Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208016, India.
| | - Alisha Virdi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208016, India.
| | - Manabendra Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208016, India.
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6
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Scott Z, Muhammad S, Shahbazyan TV. Plasmon-induced coherence, exciton-induced transparency, and Fano interference for hybrid plasmonic systems in strong coupling regime. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:194702. [PMID: 35597643 DOI: 10.1063/5.0083197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We present an analytical model describing the transition to a strong coupling regime for an ensemble of emitters resonantly coupled to a localized surface plasmon in a metal-dielectric structure. The response of a hybrid system to an external field is determined by two distinct mechanisms involving collective states of emitters interacting with the plasmon mode. The first mechanism is the near-field coupling between the bright collective state and the plasmon mode, which underpins the energy exchange between the system components and gives rise to exciton-induced transparency minimum in scattering spectra in the weak coupling regime and to emergence of polaritonic bands as the system transitions to the strong coupling regime. The second mechanism is the Fano interference between the plasmon dipole moment and the plasmon-induced dipole moment of the bright collective state as the hybrid system interacts with the radiation field. The latter mechanism is greatly facilitated by plasmon-induced coherence in a system with the characteristic size below the diffraction limit as the individual emitters comprising the collective state are driven by the same alternating plasmon near field and, therefore, all oscillate in phase. This cooperative effect leads to scaling of the Fano asymmetry parameter and of the Fano function amplitude with the ensemble size, and therefore, it strongly affects the shape of scattering spectra for large ensembles. Specifically, with increasing emitter numbers, the Fano interference leads to a spectral weight shift toward the lower energy polaritonic band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Scott
- Department of Physics, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, USA
| | - Shafi Muhammad
- Department of Physics, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, USA
| | - Tigran V Shahbazyan
- Department of Physics, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, USA
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7
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Distante E, Daiss S, Langenfeld S, Hartung L, Thomas P, Morin O, Rempe G, Welte S. Detecting an Itinerant Optical Photon Twice without Destroying It. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:253603. [PMID: 34241514 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.253603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nondestructive quantum measurements are central for quantum physics applications ranging from quantum sensing to quantum computing and quantum communication. Employing the toolbox of cavity quantum electrodynamics, we here concatenate two identical nondestructive photon detectors to repeatedly detect and track a single photon propagating through a 60 m long optical fiber. By demonstrating that the combined signal-to-noise ratio of the two detectors surpasses each single one by about 2 orders of magnitude, we experimentally verify a key practical benefit of cascaded nondemolition detectors compared to conventional absorbing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Distante
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Severin Daiss
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stefan Langenfeld
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Lukas Hartung
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Philip Thomas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Olivier Morin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gerhard Rempe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stephan Welte
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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8
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Zatko V, Dubois SMM, Godel F, Carrétéro C, Sander A, Collin S, Galbiati M, Peiro J, Panciera F, Patriarche G, Brus P, Servet B, Charlier JC, Martin MB, Dlubak B, Seneor P. Band-Gap Landscape Engineering in Large-Scale 2D Semiconductor van der Waals Heterostructures. ACS NANO 2021; 15:7279-7289. [PMID: 33755422 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a growth process relying on pulsed laser deposition for the elaboration of complex van der Waals heterostructures on large scales, at a 400 °C CMOS-compatible temperature. Illustratively, we define a multilayer quantum well geometry through successive in situ growths, leading to WSe2 being encapsulated into WS2 layers. The structural constitution of the quantum well geometry is confirmed by Raman spectroscopy combined with transmission electron microscopy. The large-scale high homogeneity of the resulting 2D van der Waals heterostructure is also validated by macro- and microscale Raman mappings. We illustrate the benefit of this integrative in situ approach by showing the structural preservation of even the most fragile 2D layers once encapsulated in a van der Waals heterostructure. Finally, we fabricate a vertical tunneling device based on these large-scale layers and discuss the clear signature of electronic transport controlled by the quantum well configuration with ab initio calculations in support. The flexibility of this direct growth approach, with multilayer stacks being built in a single run, allows for the definition of complex 2D heterostructures barely accessible with usual exfoliation or transfer techniques of 2D materials. Reminiscent of the III-V semiconductors' successful exploitation, our approach unlocks virtually infinite combinations of large 2D material families in any complex van der Waals heterostructure design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Zatko
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Simon Mutien-Marie Dubois
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Florian Godel
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Cécile Carrétéro
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Anke Sander
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Sophie Collin
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Marta Galbiati
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Julian Peiro
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Federico Panciera
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Gilles Patriarche
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Pierre Brus
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
- Thales Research and Technology, 1 Avenue Augustin Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Bernard Servet
- Thales Research and Technology, 1 Avenue Augustin Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Charlier
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marie-Blandine Martin
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Bruno Dlubak
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Pierre Seneor
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
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9
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Langenfeld S, Welte S, Hartung L, Daiss S, Thomas P, Morin O, Distante E, Rempe G. Quantum Teleportation between Remote Qubit Memories with Only a Single Photon as a Resource. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:130502. [PMID: 33861090 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.130502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantum teleportation enables the deterministic exchange of qubits via lossy channels. While it is commonly believed that unconditional teleportation requires a preshared entangled qubit pair, here we demonstrate a protocol that is in principle unconditional and requires only a single photon as an ex-ante prepared resource. The photon successively interacts, first, with the receiver and then with the sender qubit memory. Its detection, followed by classical communication, heralds a successful teleportation. We teleport six mutually unbiased qubit states with average fidelity F[over ¯]=(88.3±1.3)% at a rate of 6 Hz over 60 m.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Langenfeld
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stephan Welte
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Lukas Hartung
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Severin Daiss
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Philip Thomas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Olivier Morin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Emanuele Distante
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gerhard Rempe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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10
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Istrati D, Pilnyak Y, Loredo JC, Antón C, Somaschi N, Hilaire P, Ollivier H, Esmann M, Cohen L, Vidro L, Millet C, Lemaître A, Sagnes I, Harouri A, Lanco L, Senellart P, Eisenberg HS. Sequential generation of linear cluster states from a single photon emitter. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5501. [PMID: 33127924 PMCID: PMC7603328 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19341-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Light states composed of multiple entangled photons—such as cluster states—are essential for developing and scaling-up quantum computing networks. Photonic cluster states can be obtained from single-photon sources and entangling gates, but so far this has only been done with probabilistic sources constrained to intrinsically low efficiencies, and an increasing hardware overhead. Here, we report the resource-efficient generation of polarization-encoded, individually-addressable photons in linear cluster states occupying a single spatial mode. We employ a single entangling-gate in a fiber loop configuration to sequentially entangle an ever-growing stream of photons originating from the currently most efficient single-photon source technology—a semiconductor quantum dot. With this apparatus, we demonstrate the generation of linear cluster states up to four photons in a single-mode fiber. The reported architecture can be programmed for linear-cluster states of any number of photons, that are required for photonic one-way quantum computing schemes. Generating photonic cluster states using a single non-heralded source and a single entangling gate would optimise scalability and reduce resource overhead. Here, the authors generate up to 4-photon cluster states using a quantum dot coupled to a fibre loop, with a fourfold generation rate of 10 Hz.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Istrati
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Y Pilnyak
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - J C Loredo
- CNRS Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - C Antón
- CNRS Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - P Hilaire
- CNRS Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - H Ollivier
- CNRS Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - M Esmann
- CNRS Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - L Cohen
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - L Vidro
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - C Millet
- CNRS Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - A Lemaître
- CNRS Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - I Sagnes
- CNRS Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - A Harouri
- CNRS Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - L Lanco
- CNRS Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - P Senellart
- CNRS Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - H S Eisenberg
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
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11
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Yeo I, Kim D, Han IK, Song JD. Strain-induced control of a pillar cavity-GaAs single quantum dot photon source. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18564. [PMID: 31811212 PMCID: PMC6897991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we present the calculated strain-induced control of single GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dots (QDs) integrated into semiconductor micropillar cavities. We show precise energy control of individual single GaAs QD excitons under multi-modal stress fields of tailored micropillar optomechanical resonators. Further, using a three-dimensional envelope-function model, we evaluated the quantum mechanical correction in the QD band structures depending on their geometrical shape asymmetries and, more interestingly, on the practical degree of Al interdiffusion. Our theoretical calculations provide the practical quantum error margins, obtained by evaluating Al-interdiffused QDs that were engineered through a front-edge droplet epitaxy technique, for tuning engineered QD single-photon sources, facilitating a scalable on-chip integration of QD entangled photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inah Yeo
- Dielectrics and Advanced Matter Physics Research Center, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Korea.
| | - Doukyun Kim
- Dielectrics and Advanced Matter Physics Research Center, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Korea
| | - Il Ki Han
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Jin Dong Song
- Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
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12
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Brash AJ, Iles-Smith J, Phillips CL, McCutcheon DPS, O'Hara J, Clarke E, Royall B, Wilson LR, Mørk J, Skolnick MS, Fox AM, Nazir A. Light Scattering from Solid-State Quantum Emitters: Beyond the Atomic Picture. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:167403. [PMID: 31702333 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.167403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coherent scattering of light by a single quantum emitter is a fundamental process at the heart of many proposed quantum technologies. Unlike atomic systems, solid-state emitters couple to their host lattice by phonons. Using a quantum dot in an optical nanocavity, we resolve these interactions in both time and frequency domains, going beyond the atomic picture to develop a comprehensive model of light scattering from solid-state emitters. We find that even in the presence of a low-Q cavity with high Purcell enhancement, phonon coupling leads to a sideband that is completely insensitive to excitation conditions and to a nonmonotonic relationship between laser detuning and coherent fraction, both of which are major deviations from atomlike behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair J Brash
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Iles-Smith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine L Phillips
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Dara P S McCutcheon
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
| | - John O'Hara
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Edmund Clarke
- EPSRC National Epitaxy Facility, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DE, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Royall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Luke R Wilson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Jesper Mørk
- Department of Photonics Engineering, DTU Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark, Building 343, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Maurice S Skolnick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - A Mark Fox
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Ahsan Nazir
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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13
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Khazali M, Murray CR, Pohl T. Polariton Exchange Interactions in Multichannel Optical Networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:113605. [PMID: 31573258 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.113605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We examine the dynamics of Rydberg polaritons with dipolar interactions that propagate in multiple spatial modes. The dipolar excitation exchange between different Rydberg states mediates an effective exchange between polaritons that enables photons to hop across different spatial channels. Remarkably, the efficiency of this photon exchange process can increase with the channel distance and becomes optimal at a finite rail separation. Based on this mechanism, we design a simple photonic network that realizes a two photon quantum gate with a robust π phase, protected by the symmetries of the underlying photon interaction and the geometry of the network. These capabilities expand the scope of Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency towards multidimensional geometries for nonlinear optical networks and explorations of photonic many-body physics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Callum R Murray
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Thomas Pohl
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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14
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Shahbazyan TV. Exciton-Plasmon Energy Exchange Drives the Transition to a Strong Coupling Regime. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3273-3279. [PMID: 30973738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a model for exciton-plasmon coupling based on an energy exchange mechanism between quantum emitters (QE) and localized surface plasmons in metal-dielectric structures. Plasmonic correlations between QEs give rise to a collective state exchanging its energy cooperatively with a resonant plasmon mode. By defining carefully the plasmon mode volume for a QE ensemble, we obtain a relation between QE-plasmon coupling and a cooperative energy transfer rate that is expressed in terms of local fields. For a single QE near a sharp metal tip, we find analytically the enhancement factor for QE-plasmon coupling relative to QE coupling to a cavity mode. For QEs distributed in an extended region enclosing a plasmonic structure, we find that the ensemble QE-plasmon coupling saturates to a universal value independent of system size and shape, consistent with the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tigran V Shahbazyan
- Department of Physics , Jackson State University , Jackson , Mississippi 39217 , United States
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15
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Foster AP, Hallett D, Iorsh IV, Sheldon SJ, Godsland MR, Royall B, Clarke E, Shelykh IA, Fox AM, Skolnick MS, Itskevich IE, Wilson LR. Tunable Photon Statistics Exploiting the Fano Effect in a Waveguide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:173603. [PMID: 31107076 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.173603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A strong optical nonlinearity arises when coherent light is scattered by a semiconductor quantum dot coupled to a nanophotonic waveguide. We exploit the Fano effect in such a waveguide to control the phase of the quantum interference underpinning the nonlinearity, experimentally demonstrating a tunable quantum optical filter which converts a coherent input state into either a bunched or an antibunched nonclassical output state. We show theoretically that the generation of nonclassical light is predicated on the formation of a two-photon bound state due to the interaction of the input coherent state with the quantum dot. Our model demonstrates that the tunable photon statistics arise from the dependence of the sign of two-photon interference (either constructive or destructive) on the detuning of the input relative to the Fano resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Foster
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - D Hallett
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - I V Iorsh
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - S J Sheldon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - M R Godsland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - B Royall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - E Clarke
- EPSRC National Epitaxy Facility, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - I A Shelykh
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - A M Fox
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - M S Skolnick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - I E Itskevich
- Department of Engineering, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - L R Wilson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
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16
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Strauß M, Carmele A, Schleibner J, Hohn M, Schneider C, Höfling S, Wolters J, Reitzenstein S. Wigner Time Delay Induced by a Single Quantum Dot. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:107401. [PMID: 30932646 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.107401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Resonant scattering of weak coherent laser pulses on a single two-level system realized in a semiconductor quantum dot is investigated with respect to a time delay between incoming and scattered light. This type of time delay was predicted by Wigner in 1955 for purely coherent scattering and was confirmed for an atomic system in 2013 [R. Bourgain et al., Opt. Lett. 38, 1963 (2013)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.38.001963]. In the presence of electron-phonon interaction, we observe deviations from Wigner's theory related to incoherent and strongly non-Markovian scattering processes which are hard to quantify via a detuning-independent pure dephasing time. We observe detuning-dependent Wigner delays of up to 530 ps in our experiments which are supported quantitatively by microscopic theory allowing for pure dephasing times of up to 950 ps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Strauß
- Insitut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10263 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Carmele
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10263 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Schleibner
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10263 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel Hohn
- Insitut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10263 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Schneider
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut,Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut,Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Janik Wolters
- Insitut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10263 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Reitzenstein
- Insitut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10263 Berlin, Germany
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17
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Flamini F, Spagnolo N, Sciarrino F. Photonic quantum information processing: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2019; 82:016001. [PMID: 30421725 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aad5b2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photonic quantum technologies represent a promising platform for several applications, ranging from long-distance communications to the simulation of complex phenomena. Indeed, the advantages offered by single photons do make them the candidate of choice for carrying quantum information in a broad variety of areas with a versatile approach. Furthermore, recent technological advances are now enabling first concrete applications of photonic quantum information processing. The goal of this manuscript is to provide the reader with a comprehensive review of the state of the art in this active field, with a due balance between theoretical, experimental and technological results. When more convenient, we will present significant achievements in tables or in schematic figures, in order to convey a global perspective of the several horizons that fall under the name of photonic quantum information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Flamini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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18
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Li J, Zhu SY, Agarwal GS. Magnon-Photon-Phonon Entanglement in Cavity Magnomechanics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:203601. [PMID: 30500215 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.203601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We show how to generate tripartite entanglement in a cavity magnomechanical system which consists of magnons, cavity microwave photons, and phonons. The magnons are embodied by a collective motion of a large number of spins in a macroscopic ferrimagnet, and are driven directly by an electromagnetic field. The cavity photons and magnons are coupled via magnetic dipole interaction, and the magnons and phonons are coupled via magnetostrictive (radiation pressurelike) interaction. We show optimal parameter regimes for achieving the tripartite entanglement where magnons, cavity photons, and phonons are entangled with each other, and we further prove that the steady state of the system is a genuinely tripartite entangled state. The entanglement is robust against temperature. Our results indicate that cavity magnomechanical systems could provide a promising platform for the study of macroscopic quantum phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Shi-Yao Zhu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - G S Agarwal
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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19
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Leng H, Szychowski B, Daniel MC, Pelton M. Strong coupling and induced transparency at room temperature with single quantum dots and gap plasmons. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4012. [PMID: 30275446 PMCID: PMC6167320 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06450-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Coherent coupling between plasmons and transition dipole moments in emitters can lead to two distinct spectral effects: vacuum Rabi splitting at strong coupling strengths, and induced transparency (also known as Fano interference) at intermediate coupling strengths. Achieving either strong or intermediate coupling between a single emitter and a localized plasmon resonance has the potential to enable single-photon nonlinearities and other extreme light-matter interactions, at room temperature and on the nanometer scale. Both effects produce two peaks in the spectrum of scattering from the plasmon resonance, and can thus be confused if scattering measurements alone are performed. Here we report measurements of scattering and photoluminescence from individual coupled plasmon-emitter systems that consist of a single colloidal quantum dot in the gap between a gold nanoparticle and a silver film. The measurements unambiguously demonstrate weak coupling (the Purcell effect), intermediate coupling (Fano interference), and strong coupling (Rabi splitting) at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixu Leng
- Department of Physics, UMBC (University of Maryland, Baltimore County), Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Brian Szychowski
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, UMBC (University of Maryland, Baltimore County), Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Marie-Christine Daniel
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, UMBC (University of Maryland, Baltimore County), Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Matthew Pelton
- Department of Physics, UMBC (University of Maryland, Baltimore County), Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.
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20
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Snijders HJ, Frey JA, Norman J, Flayac H, Savona V, Gossard AC, Bowers JE, van Exter MP, Bouwmeester D, Löffler W. Observation of the Unconventional Photon Blockade. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:043601. [PMID: 30095925 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.043601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We observe the unconventional photon blockade effect in quantum dot cavity QED, which, in contrast to the conventional photon blockade, operates in the weak coupling regime. A single quantum dot transition is simultaneously coupled to two orthogonally polarized optical cavity modes, and by careful tuning of the input and output state of polarization, the unconventional photon blockade effect is observed. We find a minimum second-order correlation g^{(2)}(0)≈0.37, which corresponds to g^{(2)}(0)≈0.005 when corrected for detector jitter, and observe the expected polarization dependency and photon bunching and antibunching; close by in parameter space, which indicates the abrupt change from phase to amplitude squeezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Snijders
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J A Frey
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - J Norman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - H Flayac
- Institute of Physics iPHYS, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - V Savona
- Institute of Physics iPHYS, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A C Gossard
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - J E Bowers
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - M P van Exter
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - D Bouwmeester
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - W Löffler
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
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21
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Sun S, Kim H, Luo Z, Solomon GS, Waks E. A single-photon switch and transistor enabled by a solid-state quantum memory. Science 2018; 361:57-60. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aat3581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Hyochul Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Zhouchen Luo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Glenn S. Solomon
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Edo Waks
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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22
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Sparrow C, Martín-López E, Maraviglia N, Neville A, Harrold C, Carolan J, Joglekar YN, Hashimoto T, Matsuda N, O'Brien JL, Tew DP, Laing A. Simulating the vibrational quantum dynamics of molecules using photonics. Nature 2018; 557:660-667. [PMID: 29849155 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Advances in control techniques for vibrational quantum states in molecules present new challenges for modelling such systems, which could be amenable to quantum simulation methods. Here, by exploiting a natural mapping between vibrations in molecules and photons in waveguides, we demonstrate a reprogrammable photonic chip as a versatile simulation platform for a range of quantum dynamic behaviour in different molecules. We begin by simulating the time evolution of vibrational excitations in the harmonic approximation for several four-atom molecules, including H2CS, SO3, HNCO, HFHF, N4 and P4. We then simulate coherent and dephased energy transport in the simplest model of the peptide bond in proteins-N-methylacetamide-and simulate thermal relaxation and the effect of anharmonicities in H2O. Finally, we use multi-photon statistics with a feedback control algorithm to iteratively identify quantum states that increase a particular dissociation pathway of NH3. These methods point to powerful new simulation tools for molecular quantum dynamics and the field of femtochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Sparrow
- Quantum Engineering and Technology Laboratories, School of Physics and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Nicola Maraviglia
- Quantum Engineering and Technology Laboratories, School of Physics and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alex Neville
- Quantum Engineering and Technology Laboratories, School of Physics and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Christopher Harrold
- Quantum Engineering and Technology Laboratories, School of Physics and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jacques Carolan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yogesh N Joglekar
- Department of Physics, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Jeremy L O'Brien
- Quantum Engineering and Technology Laboratories, School of Physics and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David P Tew
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Anthony Laing
- Quantum Engineering and Technology Laboratories, School of Physics and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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23
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Thyrrestrup H, Kiršanskė G, Le Jeannic H, Pregnolato T, Zhai L, Raahauge L, Midolo L, Rotenberg N, Javadi A, Schott R, Wieck AD, Ludwig A, Löbl MC, Söllner I, Warburton RJ, Lodahl P. Quantum Optics with Near-Lifetime-Limited Quantum-Dot Transitions in a Nanophotonic Waveguide. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1801-1806. [PMID: 29494160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b05016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Establishing a highly efficient photon-emitter interface where the intrinsic linewidth broadening is limited solely by spontaneous emission is a key step in quantum optics. It opens a pathway to coherent light-matter interaction for, e.g., the generation of highly indistinguishable photons, few-photon optical nonlinearities, and photon-emitter quantum gates. However, residual broadening mechanisms are ubiquitous and need to be combated. For solid-state emitters charge and nuclear spin noise are of importance, and the influence of photonic nanostructures on the broadening has not been clarified. We present near-lifetime-limited linewidths for quantum dots embedded in nanophotonic waveguides through a resonant transmission experiment. It is found that the scattering of single photons from the quantum dot can be obtained with an extinction of 66 ± 4%, which is limited by the coupling of the quantum dot to the nanostructure rather than the linewidth broadening. This is obtained by embedding the quantum dot in an electrically contacted nanophotonic membrane. A clear pathway to obtaining even larger single-photon extinction is laid out; i.e., the approach enables a fully deterministic and coherent photon-emitter interface in the solid state that is operated at optical frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Thyrrestrup
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Blegdamsvej 17 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Gabija Kiršanskė
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Blegdamsvej 17 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Hanna Le Jeannic
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Blegdamsvej 17 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Tommaso Pregnolato
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Blegdamsvej 17 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Liang Zhai
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Blegdamsvej 17 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Laust Raahauge
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Blegdamsvej 17 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Leonardo Midolo
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Blegdamsvej 17 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Nir Rotenberg
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Blegdamsvej 17 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Alisa Javadi
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Blegdamsvej 17 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Rüdiger Schott
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstrasse 150 , D-44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Andreas D Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstrasse 150 , D-44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstrasse 150 , D-44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Matthias C Löbl
- Department of Physics , University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 82 , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Immo Söllner
- Department of Physics , University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 82 , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Richard J Warburton
- Department of Physics , University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 82 , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Peter Lodahl
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Blegdamsvej 17 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
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24
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Müller T, Skiba-Szymanska J, Krysa AB, Huwer J, Felle M, Anderson M, Stevenson RM, Heffernan J, Ritchie DA, Shields AJ. A quantum light-emitting diode for the standard telecom window around 1,550 nm. Nat Commun 2018; 9:862. [PMID: 29491362 PMCID: PMC5830408 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Single photons and entangled photon pairs are a key resource of many quantum secure communication and quantum computation protocols, and non-Poissonian sources emitting in the low-loss wavelength region around 1,550 nm are essential for the development of fibre-based quantum network infrastructure. However, reaching this wavelength window has been challenging for semiconductor-based quantum light sources. Here we show that quantum dot devices based on indium phosphide are capable of electrically injected single photon emission in this wavelength region. Using the biexciton cascade mechanism, they also produce entangled photons with a fidelity of 87 ± 4%, sufficient for the application of one-way error correction protocols. The material system further allows for entangled photon generation up to an operating temperature of 93 K. Our quantum photon source can be directly integrated with existing long distance quantum communication and cryptography systems, and provides a promising material platform for developing future quantum network hardware.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Müller
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0GZ, UK.
| | - J Skiba-Szymanska
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0GZ, UK
| | - A B Krysa
- EPSRC National Epitaxy Facility, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - J Huwer
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0GZ, UK
| | - M Felle
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0GZ, UK
- Engineering Department, Cambridge University, 9 J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - M Anderson
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0GZ, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - R M Stevenson
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0GZ, UK
| | - J Heffernan
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - D A Ritchie
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - A J Shields
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0GZ, UK
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