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Curpan AS, Savuca A, Hritcu LD, Solcan C, Nicoara MN, Luca AC, Ciobica AS. A new approach to explore the correlation between declarative memory and anxiety in animal models of schizophrenia and microplastic pollution. Behav Brain Res 2024; 458:114742. [PMID: 37939886 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of new detrimental effects associated with microplastic pollution is ever-growing and reaching alarming rates worldwide, as it is linked to numerous disorders such as lung diseases, gastrointestinal problems, and cancer. However, a less explored issue is their impact on mental health, more precisely schizophrenia, even though several studies have shown the presence of microplastics in air, water, soil, and even food, thus making them a significant part of our daily dietary intake. It is also well known that declarative memory and anxiety levels are impaired in schizophrenia. However, apart from the novel object recognition test, the possibilities for testing memory in zebrafish are quite limited. For these reasons, we designed a novel memory test based on rewards, a learning period, and zebrafish's natural preference for certain colors. Among the results, our fish preferred the color yellow over red, and we illustrated that ketamine and its combination with methionine provide a robust model that seems to better represent the aspects of schizophrenia in animal models. Moreover, surprisingly, we observed that microplastics (more precisely, polypropylene fibers) ingested by animals through the diet seem to act as a buffer against ketamine toxicity and as an enhancer for methionine exposure. Moreover, according to our results, groups with higher anxiety levels seem to perform better on the memory test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandrina-Stefania Curpan
- Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Carol I Bd., 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Savuca
- Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Carol I Bd., 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania; Doctoral School of Geosciences, Faculty of Geography and Geology, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Carol I Bd., 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Luminita Diana Hritcu
- Internal Medicine Clinic, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, 3 Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Carmen Solcan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, 3 Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mircea Nicusor Nicoara
- Doctoral School of Geosciences, Faculty of Geography and Geology, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Carol I Bd., 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania; Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Carol I Bd., 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alina-Costina Luca
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Gr. T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin-Stelian Ciobica
- Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Carol I Bd., 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania; Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei no. 54, sector 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania; Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Carol I Bd., No 8, 010071 Iasi, Romania
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Williams JC, Zheng ZJ, Tubiolo PN, Luceno JR, Gil RB, Girgis RR, Slifstein M, Abi-Dargham A, Van Snellenberg JX. Medial Prefrontal Cortex Dysfunction Mediates Working Memory Deficits in Patients With Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci 2023; 3:990-1002. [PMID: 37881571 PMCID: PMC10593895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Schizophrenia (SCZ) is marked by working memory (WM) deficits, which predict poor functional outcome. While most functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of WM in SCZ have focused on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), some recent work suggests that the medial PFC (mPFC) may play a role. We investigated whether task-evoked mPFC deactivation is associated with WM performance and whether it mediates deficits in SCZ. In addition, we investigated associations between mPFC deactivation and cortical dopamine release. Methods Patients with SCZ (n = 41) and healthy control participants (HCs) (n = 40) performed a visual object n-back task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Dopamine release capacity in mPFC was quantified with [11C]FLB457 in a subset of participants (9 SCZ, 14 HCs) using an amphetamine challenge. Correlations between task-evoked deactivation and performance were assessed in mPFC and dorsolateral PFC masks and were further examined for relationships with diagnosis and dopamine release. Results mPFC deactivation was associated with WM task performance, but dorsolateral PFC activation was not. Deactivation in the mPFC was reduced in patients with SCZ relative to HCs and mediated the relationship between diagnosis and WM performance. In addition, mPFC deactivation was significantly and inversely associated with dopamine release capacity across groups and in HCs alone, but not in patients. Conclusions Reduced WM task-evoked mPFC deactivation is a mediator of, and potential substrate for, WM impairment in SCZ, although our study design does not rule out the possibility that these findings could relate to cognition in general rather than WM specifically. We further present preliminary evidence of an inverse association between deactivation during WM tasks and dopamine release capacity in the mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Zu Jie Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Philip N. Tubiolo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Jacob R. Luceno
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Roberto B. Gil
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Ragy R. Girgis
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Mark Slifstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Anissa Abi-Dargham
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Jared X. Van Snellenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
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Yoo M, Yang YS, Rah JC, Choi JH. Different resting membrane potentials in posterior parietal cortex and prefrontal cortex in the view of recurrent synaptic strengths and neural network dynamics. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1153970. [PMID: 37519632 PMCID: PMC10372347 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1153970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we introduce the importance of elevated membrane potentials (MPs) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) compared to that in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), based on new observations of different MP levels in these areas. Through experimental data and spiking neural network modeling, we investigated a possible mechanism of the elevated membrane potential in the PFC and how these physiological differences affect neural network dynamics and cognitive functions in the PPC and PFC. Our findings indicate that NMDA receptors may be a main contributor to the elevated MP in the PFC region and highlight the potential of using a modeling toolkit to investigate the means by which changes in synaptic properties can affect neural dynamics and potentiate desirable cognitive functions through population activities in the corresponding brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Yoo
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Sil Yang
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Cheol Rah
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ho Choi
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Kambali M, Li Y, Unichenko P, Pliego JF, Yadav R, Liu J, McGuinness P, Cobb JG, Wang M, Nagarajan R, Lyu J, Vongsouthi V, Jackson CJ, Engin E, Coyle JT, Shin J, Talkowski ME, Homanics GE, Bolshakov VY, Henneberger C, Rudolph U. A marker chromosome in psychosis identifies glycine decarboxylase (GLDC) as a novel regulator of neuronal and synaptic function in the hippocampus. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.29.542745. [PMID: 37398055 PMCID: PMC10312439 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.29.542745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The biological significance of a small supernumerary marker chromosome that results in dosage alterations to chromosome 9p24.1, including triplication of the GLDC gene encoding glycine decarboxylase, in two patients with psychosis is unclear. In an allelic series of copy number variant mouse models, we identify that triplication of Gldc reduces extracellular glycine levels as determined by optical fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in dentate gyrus (DG) but not in CA1, suppresses long-term potentiation (LTP) in mPP-DG synapses but not in CA3-CA1 synapses, reduces the activity of biochemical pathways implicated in schizophrenia and mitochondrial bioenergetics, and displays deficits in prepulse inhibition, startle habituation, latent inhibition, working memory, sociability and social preference. Our results thus provide a link between a genomic copy number variation, biochemical, cellular and behavioral phenotypes, and further demonstrate that GLDC negatively regulates long-term synaptic plasticity at specific hippocampal synapses, possibly contributing to the development of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Levinson T, Prettyman G, Savage C, White L, Moore TM, Calkins ME, Ruparel K, Gur RE, Gur RC, Satterthwaite TD, Wolf DH. Activation of Internal Correctness Monitoring Circuitry in Youths With Psychosis Spectrum Symptoms. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2023; 8:542-550. [PMID: 37019760 PMCID: PMC10164703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-directed performance monitoring is a critical contributor to cognitive performance and general functioning and is impacted by psychiatric symptoms and personality traits, but has been understudied in psychosis-risk states. We have shown that ventral striatum (VS) responds to correctness during cognitive tasks where no explicit feedback is required, and this intrinsic reinforcement response is reduced in schizophrenia. METHODS Here, we examined this phenomenon in youths (n = 796, age range 11-22 years) from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) performing a working memory functional magnetic resonance imaging task. We hypothesized that VS would respond to internal correctness monitoring, while classic salience network regions, such as dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insular cortex, would reflect internal error monitoring and that these responses would increase with age. We expected that neurobehavioral measures of performance monitoring would be reduced in youths with subclinical psychosis spectrum features and would correlate with amotivation severity. RESULTS Supporting these hypotheses, we found correct>incorrect activation in VS and incorrect>correct activation in anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insular cortex. Furthermore, VS activation was positively correlated with age, reduced in youths with psychosis spectrum features, and inversely correlated with amotivation. However, these patterns were not significant in anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insular cortex. CONCLUSIONS These findings advance our understanding of the neural underpinnings of performance monitoring and its impairment in adolescents with psychosis spectrum features. Such understanding can facilitate investigation of the developmental trajectory of normative and aberrant performance monitoring; contribute to early identification of youths at elevated risk for poor academic, occupational, or psychiatric outcomes; and provide potential targets for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Levinson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
| | - Greer Prettyman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chloe Savage
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren White
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Corrone M, Ratnayake R, de Oliveira N, Jaehne EJ, van den Buuse M. Methamphetamine-induced locomotor sensitization in mice is not associated with deficits in a range of cognitive, affective and social behaviours: interaction with brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met genotype. Behav Pharmacol 2023; 34:20-36. [PMID: 36373697 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic methamphetamine (Meth) abuse may induce psychosis similar to that observed in schizophrenia. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in the development of psychosis. We have previously shown long-term protein expression changes in mice treated chronically with Meth depending on BDNF Val66Met genotype. The aim of this study was to investigate if these protein expression changes were associated with differential changes in a range of behavioural paradigms for cognition, anxiety, social and other behaviours. Male and female Val/Val, Val/Met and Met/Met mice were treated with an escalating Meth dose protocol from 6 to 9 weeks of age, with controls receiving saline injections. Several overlapping cohorts were tested in the Y-maze for short-term spatial memory, novel-object recognition test, context and cued fear conditioning, sociability and social preference, elevated plus maze for anxiety-like behaviour and prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle. Finally, the animals were assessed for spontaneous exploratory locomotor activity and acute Meth-induced locomotor hyperactivity. Acute Meth caused significantly greater locomotor hyperactivity in mice previously treated with the drug than in saline-pretreated controls. Meth-pretreated female mice showed a mild increase in spontaneous locomotor activity. There were no Meth-induced deficits in any of the other behavioural tests. Val/Met mice showed higher overall social investigation time and lower PPI compared with the Val/Val genotype independent of pretreatment. These results show limited long-term effects of chronic Meth on a range of cognitive, affective and social behaviours despite marked drug-induced locomotor sensitization in mice. There was no interaction with BDNF Val66Met genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Corrone
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Malik JA, Yaseen Z, Thotapalli L, Ahmed S, Shaikh MF, Anwar S. Understanding translational research in schizophrenia: A novel insight into animal models. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3767-3785. [PMID: 36692676 PMCID: PMC10042983 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08241-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia affects millions of people worldwide and is a major challenge for the scientific community. Like most psychotic diseases, it is also considered a complicated mental disorder caused by an imbalance in neurotransmitters. Due to the complexity of neuropathology, it is always a complicated disorder. The lack of proper understanding of the pathophysiology makes the disorder unmanageable in clinical settings. However, due to recent advances in animal models, we hope we can have better therapeutic approaches with more success in clinical settings. Dopamine, glutamate, GABA, and serotonin are the neurotransmitters involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Various animal models have been put forward based on these neurotransmitters, including pharmacological, neurodevelopmental, and genetic models. Polymorphism of genes such as dysbindin, DICS1, and NRG1 has also been reported in schizophrenia. Hypothesis based on dopamine, glutamate, and serotonin are considered successful models of schizophrenia on which drug therapies have been designed to date. New targets like the orexin system, muscarinic and nicotinic receptors, and cannabinoid receptors have been approached to alleviate the negative and cognitive symptoms. The non-pharmacological models like the post-weaning social isolation model (maternal deprivation), the isolation rearing model etc. have been also developed to mimic the symptoms of schizophrenia and to create and test new approaches of drug therapy which is a breakthrough at present in psychiatric disorders. Different behavioral tests have been evaluated in these specific models. This review will highlight the currently available animal models and behavioral tests in psychic disorders concerning schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonaid Ahmad Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, India
| | - Zahid Yaseen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Delhi, India
| | - Lahari Thotapalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, JNTU University, Anantapur, India
| | - Sakeel Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia. .,School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Orange, 2800, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Sirajudheen Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, 81422, Saudi Arabia.
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Eryilmaz H, Pax M, O’neill AG, Vangel M, Diez I, Holt DJ, Camprodon JA, Sepulcre J, Roffman JL. Network hub centrality and working memory performance in schizophrenia. Schizophr 2022; 8:76. [PMID: 36151201 PMCID: PMC9508261 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00288-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment, and working memory deficits in particular, are debilitating, treatment-resistant aspects of schizophrenia. Dysfunction of brain network hubs, putatively related to altered neurodevelopment, is thought to underlie the cognitive symptoms associated with this illness. Here, we used weighted degree, a robust graph theory metric representing the number of weighted connections to a node, to quantify centrality in cortical hubs in 29 patients with schizophrenia and 29 age- and gender-matched healthy controls and identify the critical nodes that underlie working memory performance. In both patients and controls, elevated weighted degree in the default mode network (DMN) was generally associated with poorer performance (accuracy and reaction time). Higher degree in the ventral attention network (VAN) nodes in the right superior temporal cortex was associated with better performance (accuracy) in patients. Degree in several prefrontal and parietal areas was associated with cognitive performance only in patients. In regions that are critical for sustained attention, these correlations were primarily driven by between-network connectivity in patients. Moreover, a cross-validated prediction analysis showed that a linear model using a summary degree score can be used to predict an individual’s working memory accuracy (r = 0.35). Our results suggest that schizophrenia is associated with dysfunctional hubs in the cortical systems supporting internal and external cognition and highlight the importance of topological network analysis in the search of biomarkers for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
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de Oliveira Figueiredo EC, Bondiolotti BM, Laugeray A, Bezzi P. Synaptic Plasticity Dysfunctions in the Pathophysiology of 22q11 Deletion Syndrome: Is There a Role for Astrocytes? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084412. [PMID: 35457231 PMCID: PMC9028090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The 22q11 deletion syndrome (DS) is the most common microdeletion syndrome in humans and gives a high probability of developing psychiatric disorders. Synaptic and neuronal malfunctions appear to be at the core of the symptoms presented by patients. In fact, it has long been suggested that the behavioural and cognitive impairments observed in 22q11DS are probably due to alterations in the mechanisms regulating synaptic function and plasticity. Often, synaptic changes are related to structural and functional changes observed in patients with cognitive dysfunctions, therefore suggesting that synaptic plasticity has a crucial role in the pathophysiology of the syndrome. Most interestingly, among the genes deleted in 22q11DS, six encode for mitochondrial proteins that, in mouse models, are highly expressed just after birth, when active synaptogenesis occurs, therefore indicating that mitochondrial processes are strictly related to synapse formation and maintenance of a correct synaptic signalling. Because correct synaptic functioning, not only requires correct neuronal function and metabolism, but also needs the active contribution of astrocytes, we summarize in this review recent studies showing the involvement of synaptic plasticity in the pathophysiology of 22q11DS and we discuss the relevance of mitochondria in these processes and the possible involvement of astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bianca Maria Bondiolotti
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.C.d.O.F.); (B.M.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Anthony Laugeray
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.C.d.O.F.); (B.M.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Paola Bezzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.C.d.O.F.); (B.M.B.); (A.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: or
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Abstract
The 14-3-3 family comprises multifunctional proteins that play a role in neurogenesis, neuronal migration, neuronal differentiation, synaptogenesis and dopamine synthesis. 14-3-3 members function as adaptor proteins and impact a wide variety of cellular and physiological processes involved in the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder and knowledge about its pathophysiology is still limited. 14-3-3 have been proven to be linked with the dopaminergic, glutamatergic and neurodevelopmental hypotheses of schizophrenia. Further, research using genetic models has demonstrated the role played by 14-3-3 proteins in neurodevelopment and neuronal circuits, however a more integrative and comprehensive approach is needed for a better understanding of their role in schizophrenia. For instance, we still lack an integrated assessment of the processes affected by 14-3-3 proteins in the dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems. In this context, it is also paramount to understand their involvement in the biology of brain cells other than neurons. Here, we present previous and recent research that has led to our current understanding of the roles 14-3-3 proteins play in brain development and schizophrenia, perform an assessment of their functional protein association network and discuss the use of protein-protein interaction modulators to target 14-3-3 as a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- André S L M Antunes
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Verônica M Saia-Cereda
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Crunfli
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mohammadi-Nejad AR, Hossein-Zadeh GA, Shahsavand Ananloo E, Soltanian-Zadeh H. The effect of groupness constraint on the sensitivity and specificity of canonical correlation analysis, a multi-modal anatomical and functional MRI study. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Gao Y, Li M, Huang AS, Anderson AW, Ding Z, Heckers SH, Woodward ND, Gore JC. Lower functional connectivity of white matter during rest and working memory tasks is associated with cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2021; 233:101-110. [PMID: 34215467 PMCID: PMC8442250 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia can be understood as a disturbance of functional connections within brain networks. However, functional alterations that involve white matter (WM) specifically, or their cognitive correlates, have seldomly been investigated, especially during tasks. METHODS Resting state and task fMRI images were acquired on 84 patients and 67 controls. Functional connectivities (FC) between 46 WM bundles and 82 cortical regions were compared between the groups under two conditions (i.e., resting state and during working memory retention period). The FC density of each WM bundle was then compared between groups. Associations of FC with cognitive scores were evaluated. RESULTS FC measures were lower in schizophrenia relative to controls for external capsule, cingulum (cingulate and hippocampus), uncinate fasciculus, as well as corpus callosum (genu and body) under the rest or the task condition, and were higher in the posterior corona radiata and posterior thalamic radiation during the task condition. FC for specific WM bundles was correlated with cognitive performance assessed by working memory and processing speed metrics. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the functional abnormalities in patients' WM are heterogeneous, possibly reflecting several underlying mechanisms such as structural damage, functional compensation and excessive effort on task, and that WM FC disruption may contribute to the impairments of working memory and processing speed. This is the first report on WM FC abnormalities in schizophrenia relative to controls and their cognitive associates during both rest and task and highlights the need to consider WM functions as components of brain functional networks in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurui Gao
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Muwei Li
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anna S Huang
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Adam W Anderson
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zhaohua Ding
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Stephan H Heckers
- Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Neil D Woodward
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - John C Gore
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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13
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Tik N, Livny A, Gal S, Gigi K, Tsarfaty G, Weiser M, Tavor I. Predicting individual variability in task-evoked brain activity in schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:3983-3992. [PMID: 34021674 PMCID: PMC8288090 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
What goes wrong in a schizophrenia patient's brain that makes it so different from a healthy brain? In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the abnormal brain activity in schizophrenia is tightly related to alterations in brain connectivity. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we demonstrated that both resting‐state functional connectivity and brain activity during the well‐validated N‐back task differed significantly between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Nevertheless, using a machine‐learning approach we were able to use resting‐state functional connectivity measures extracted from healthy controls to accurately predict individual variability in the task‐evoked brain activation in the schizophrenia patients. The predictions were highly accurate, sensitive, and specific, offering novel insights regarding the strong coupling between brain connectivity and activity in schizophrenia. On a practical perspective, these findings may allow to generate task activity maps for clinical populations without the need to actually perform any tasks, thereby reducing patients inconvenience while saving time and money.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niv Tik
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Abigail Livny
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Shachar Gal
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Karny Gigi
- Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Galia Tsarfaty
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Mark Weiser
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ido Tavor
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Strauss Center for Computational Neuroimaging, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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14
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Lin X, Li W, Dong G, Wang Q, Sun H, Shi J, Fan Y, Li P, Lu L. Characteristics of Multimodal Brain Connectomics in Patients With Schizophrenia and the Unaffected First-Degree Relatives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:631864. [PMID: 33718367 PMCID: PMC7947240 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.631864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing pieces of evidence suggest that abnormal brain connectivity plays an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. As an essential strategy in psychiatric neuroscience, the research of brain connectivity-based neuroimaging biomarkers has gained increasing attention. Most of previous studies focused on a single modality of the brain connectomics. Multimodal evidence will not only depict the full profile of the brain abnormalities of patients but also contribute to our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms of this disease. METHODS In the current study, 99 schizophrenia patients, 69 sex- and education-matched healthy controls, and 42 unaffected first-degree relatives of patients were recruited and scanned. The brain was parcellated into 246 regions and multimodal network analyses were used to construct brain connectivity networks for each participant. RESULTS Using the brain connectomics from three modalities as the features, the multi-kernel support vector machine method yielded high discrimination accuracies for schizophrenia patients (94.86%) and for the first-degree relatives (95.33%) from healthy controls. Using an independent sample (49 patients and 122 healthy controls), we tested the model and achieved a classification accuracy of 64.57%. The convergent pattern within the basal ganglia and thalamus-cortex circuit exhibited high discriminative power during classification. Furthermore, substantial overlaps of the brain connectivity abnormality between patients and the unaffected first-degree relatives were observed compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSION The current findings demonstrate that decreased functional communications between the basal ganglia, thalamus, and the prefrontal cortex could serve as biomarkers and endophenotypes for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lin
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - WeiKai Li
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangheng Dong
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiandong Wang
- Department of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqiang Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Peng Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
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15
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Wang D, Peng X, Pelletier-Baldelli A, Orlov N, Farabaugh A, Nasr S, Eryilmaz H, Fava M, Holmes AJ, Roffman JL, Liu H, Holt DJ. Altered temporal, but intact spatial, features of transient network dynamics in psychosis. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:2493-503. [PMID: 33462330 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00983-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary models of psychosis suggest that a continuum of severity of psychotic symptoms exists, with subthreshold psychotic experiences (PEs) potentially reflecting some genetic and environmental risk factors shared with clinical psychosis. Thus, identifying abnormalities in brain activity that manifest across this continuum can shed new light on the pathophysiology of psychosis. Here, we investigated the moment-to-moment engagement of brain networks ("states") in individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) and PEs and identified features of these states that are associated with psychosis-spectrum symptoms. Transient brain states were defined by clustering "single snapshots" of blood oxygen level-dependent images, based on spatial similarity of the images. We found that individuals with SCZ (n = 35) demonstrated reduced recruitment of three brain states compared to demographically matched healthy controls (n = 35). Of these three illness-related states, one specific state, involving primarily the visual and salience networks, also occurred at a lower rate in individuals with persistent PEs (n = 22), compared to demographically matched healthy youth (n = 22). Moreover, the occurrence rate of this marker brain state was negatively correlated with the severity of PEs (r = -0.26, p = 0.003, n = 130). In contrast, the spatial map of this state appeared to be unaffected in the SCZ or PE groups. Thus, reduced engagement of a brain state involving the visual and salience networks was demonstrated across the psychosis continuum, suggesting that early disruptions of perceptual and affective function may underlie some of the core symptoms of the illness.
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16
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Chan MMY, Han YMY. Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in the Normalization of Brain Activation in Patients with Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review of Neurophysiological and Neuroimaging Studies. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8854412. [PMID: 33424961 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8854412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People with neuropsychiatric disorders have been found to have abnormal brain activity, which is associated with the persistent functional impairment found in these patients. Recently, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to normalize this pathological brain activity, although the results are inconsistent. Objective We explored whether tDCS alters and normalizes brain activity among patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. Moreover, we examined whether these changes in brain activity are clinically relevant, as evidenced by brain-behavior correlations. Methods A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials that studied the effects of tDCS on brain activity by comparing experimental and sham control groups using either electrophysiological or neuroimaging methods were included. Results With convergent evidence from 16 neurophysiological/neuroimaging studies, active tDCS was shown to be able to induce changes in brain activation patterns in people with neuropsychiatric disorders. Importantly, anodal tDCS appeared to normalize aberrant brain activation in patients with schizophrenia and substance abuse, and the effect was selectively correlated with reaction times, task-specific accuracy performance, and some symptom severity measures. Limitations and Conclusions. Due to the inherent heterogeneity in brain activity measurements for tDCS studies among people with neuropsychiatric disorders, no meta-analysis was conducted. We recommend that future studies investigate the effect of repeated cathodal tDCS on brain activity. We suggest to clinicians that the prescription of 1-2 mA anodal stimulation for patients with schizophrenia may be a promising treatment to alleviate positive symptoms. This systematic review is registered with registration number CRD42020183608.
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Hahn B, Bae GY, Robinson BM, Leonard CJ, Luck SJ, Gold JM. Cortical hyperactivation at low working memory load: A primary processing abnormality in people with schizophrenia? Neuroimage Clin 2020; 26:102270. [PMID: 32388334 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A frequent finding when studying substrates of working memory (WM) deficits in people with schizophrenia (PSZ) is task-induced hyperactivation relative to healthy control subjects (HCS) when WM load is low. Hyperactivation accompanying similar performance is commonly attributed to cognitive deficits rendering relatively easy operations more resource-consuming. To test if hyperactivation at low load really is secondary to cognitive impairment in PSZ, we re-analyzed functional MRI data showing left posterior parietal cortex (PPC) hyperactivation in PSZ when holding a single color-item in WM. In subgroups matched for the number of items successfully stored in WM (K) by excluding the highest-performing HCS and lowest-performing PSZ, performance was almost identical across all set sizes (1-7). While BOLD activation at the larger set sizes did not differ between groups, PSZ still robustly hyperactivated left PPC when a single item had to be maintained. The same pattern was observed in subgroups matched for model-based estimates of WM capacity or attentional lapse rate. Given that in the K-matched subsamples PSZ performed as well as HCS even in the most challenging load conditions and that no BOLD signal difference was seen at high loads, it is implausible that PSZ over-recruited WM-related neural structures because they were more challenged by maintaining a single item in WM. Instead, the findings are consistent with a primary schizophrenia-related processing abnormality as proposed by the hyperfocusing hypothesis, which suggests that an abnormally narrow but intense focusing of processing resources is central to many aspects of impaired cognition in PSZ.
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18
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Blain SD, Grazioplene RG, Ma Y, DeYoung CG. Toward a Neural Model of the Openness-Psychoticism Dimension: Functional Connectivity in the Default and Frontoparietal Control Networks. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:540-551. [PMID: 31603227 PMCID: PMC7147581 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Psychosis proneness has been linked to heightened Openness to Experience and to cognitive deficits. Openness and psychotic disorders are associated with the default and frontoparietal networks, and the latter network is also robustly associated with intelligence. We tested the hypothesis that functional connectivity of the default and frontoparietal networks is a neural correlate of the openness-psychoticism dimension. Participants in the Human Connectome Project (N = 1003) completed measures of psychoticism, openness, and intelligence. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify intrinsic connectivity networks. Structural equation modeling revealed relations among personality, intelligence, and network coherence. Psychoticism, openness, and especially their shared variance were related positively to default network coherence and negatively to frontoparietal coherence. These associations remained after controlling for intelligence. Intelligence was positively related to frontoparietal coherence. Research suggests that psychoticism and openness are linked in part through their association with connectivity in networks involving experiential simulation and cognitive control. We propose a model of psychosis risk that highlights roles of the default and frontoparietal networks. Findings echo research on functional connectivity in psychosis patients, suggesting shared mechanisms across the personality-psychopathology continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Blain
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Yizhou Ma
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Colin G DeYoung
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN
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19
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Alves-Pinto A, Rus OG, Reess TJ, Wohlschläger A, Wagner G, Berberich G, Koch K. Altered reward-related effective connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder: an fMRI study. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2019; 44:395-406. [PMID: 30964615 PMCID: PMC6821506 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.180195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by anxiety-provoking, obsessive thoughts. Patients usually react to these thoughts with repetitive behaviours that reduce anxiety and are perceived as rewarding. Hence, reward plays a major role in the psychopathology of OCD. Previous studies showed altered activation in frontostriatal networks, among others, in association with the processing of reward in patients with OCD. Potential alterations in connectivity within these networks have, however, barely been explored. METHODS We investigated a sample of patients with OCD and healthy controls using functional MRI and a reward learning task presented in an event-related design. Dynamic causal modelling (DCM) was used to estimate effective connectivity. RESULTS Our sample included 37 patients with OCD and 39 healthy controls. Analyses of task-related changes in connectivity showed a significantly altered effective connectivity between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), among others, both in terms of endogenous connectivity as well as modulatory effects under positive feedback. Clinical measures of compulsion correlated with the effect of feedback input on visual sensory areas. LIMITATIONS The reported alterations should be interpreted within the context of the task and the a priori–defined network considered in the analysis. CONCLUSION This disrupted connectivity in parts of the default mode network and the frontostriatal network may indicate increased rumination and self-related processing impairing the responsiveness toward external rewards. This, in turn, may underlie the general urge for reinforcement accompanying compulsive behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Alves-Pinto
- From the Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Rus, Reess, Wohlschläger, Koch); the TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) School of Medicine of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany (Rus, Reess, Wohlschläger, Koch); the Research Unit of the Buhl-Strohmaier Foundation for Pediatric Neuroorthopaedics and Cerebral Palsy, Department of Orthopedics and Sports Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Alves-Pinto); the Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich, Germany (Rus, Reess, Koch); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (Wagner); the Windach Institute and Hospital of Neurobehavioural Research and Therapy (WINTR), Windach, Germany (Berberich); and the Department of Neuroradiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (Rus)
| | - Oana Georgiana Rus
- From the Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Rus, Reess, Wohlschläger, Koch); the TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) School of Medicine of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany (Rus, Reess, Wohlschläger, Koch); the Research Unit of the Buhl-Strohmaier Foundation for Pediatric Neuroorthopaedics and Cerebral Palsy, Department of Orthopedics and Sports Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Alves-Pinto); the Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich, Germany (Rus, Reess, Koch); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (Wagner); the Windach Institute and Hospital of Neurobehavioural Research and Therapy (WINTR), Windach, Germany (Berberich); and the Department of Neuroradiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (Rus)
| | - Tim Jonas Reess
- From the Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Rus, Reess, Wohlschläger, Koch); the TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) School of Medicine of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany (Rus, Reess, Wohlschläger, Koch); the Research Unit of the Buhl-Strohmaier Foundation for Pediatric Neuroorthopaedics and Cerebral Palsy, Department of Orthopedics and Sports Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Alves-Pinto); the Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich, Germany (Rus, Reess, Koch); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (Wagner); the Windach Institute and Hospital of Neurobehavioural Research and Therapy (WINTR), Windach, Germany (Berberich); and the Department of Neuroradiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (Rus)
| | - Afra Wohlschläger
- From the Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Rus, Reess, Wohlschläger, Koch); the TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) School of Medicine of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany (Rus, Reess, Wohlschläger, Koch); the Research Unit of the Buhl-Strohmaier Foundation for Pediatric Neuroorthopaedics and Cerebral Palsy, Department of Orthopedics and Sports Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Alves-Pinto); the Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich, Germany (Rus, Reess, Koch); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (Wagner); the Windach Institute and Hospital of Neurobehavioural Research and Therapy (WINTR), Windach, Germany (Berberich); and the Department of Neuroradiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (Rus)
| | - Gerd Wagner
- From the Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Rus, Reess, Wohlschläger, Koch); the TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) School of Medicine of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany (Rus, Reess, Wohlschläger, Koch); the Research Unit of the Buhl-Strohmaier Foundation for Pediatric Neuroorthopaedics and Cerebral Palsy, Department of Orthopedics and Sports Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Alves-Pinto); the Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich, Germany (Rus, Reess, Koch); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (Wagner); the Windach Institute and Hospital of Neurobehavioural Research and Therapy (WINTR), Windach, Germany (Berberich); and the Department of Neuroradiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (Rus)
| | - Götz Berberich
- From the Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Rus, Reess, Wohlschläger, Koch); the TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) School of Medicine of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany (Rus, Reess, Wohlschläger, Koch); the Research Unit of the Buhl-Strohmaier Foundation for Pediatric Neuroorthopaedics and Cerebral Palsy, Department of Orthopedics and Sports Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Alves-Pinto); the Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich, Germany (Rus, Reess, Koch); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (Wagner); the Windach Institute and Hospital of Neurobehavioural Research and Therapy (WINTR), Windach, Germany (Berberich); and the Department of Neuroradiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (Rus)
| | - Kathrin Koch
- From the Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Rus, Reess, Wohlschläger, Koch); the TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) School of Medicine of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany (Rus, Reess, Wohlschläger, Koch); the Research Unit of the Buhl-Strohmaier Foundation for Pediatric Neuroorthopaedics and Cerebral Palsy, Department of Orthopedics and Sports Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Alves-Pinto); the Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich, Germany (Rus, Reess, Koch); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (Wagner); the Windach Institute and Hospital of Neurobehavioural Research and Therapy (WINTR), Windach, Germany (Berberich); and the Department of Neuroradiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (Rus)
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Popov MM, Pluzhnikov IV, Kaleda VG. [Procognitive effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the light of neurocognitive deficit in schizophrenia]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:120-126. [PMID: 31089106 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2019119031120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a relatively new method of non-invasive therapy of mental and neurological diseases that has great potential of therapeutic and diagnostic application. In schizophrenia, TMS may exert a positive effect on cognitive deficit. However this issue remains open. The authors analyze recent studies focused on the dynamics of neurocognitive deficit in TMS therapy and consider clinical effects of TMS in schizophrenia. The analysis has shown that TMS is successfully implemented in treatment of auditory positive symptoms and studies on its effect on negative symptoms of schizophrenia are perspective. Procognitive effect was found in working memory domain, and partially in perception domain within the perception of faces and facial expressions. The data on regulative functions, attention, speech, and nondeclarative memory remains controversial. It has been concluded that further research is needed to clarify the place of TMS in schizophrenia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Popov
- Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - V G Kaleda
- Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
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Abstract
Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia involves a broad array of nonsocial and social cognitive domains. It is a core feature of the illness, and one with substantial implications for treatment and prognosis. Our understanding of the causes, consequences and interventions for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia has grown substantially in recent years. Here we review a range of topics, including: a) the types of nonsocial cognitive, social cognitive, and perceptual deficits in schizophrenia; b) how deficits in schizophrenia are similar or different from those in other disorders; c) cognitive impairments in the prodromal period and over the lifespan in schizophrenia; d) neuroimaging of the neural substrates of nonsocial and social cognition, and e) relationships of nonsocial and social cognition to functional outcome. The paper also reviews the considerable efforts that have been directed to improve cognitive impairments in schizophrenia through novel psychopharmacology, cognitive remediation, social cognitive training, and alternative approaches. In the final section, we consider areas that are emerging and have the potential to provide future insights, including the interface of motivation and cognition, the influence of childhood adversity, metacognition, the role of neuroinflammation, computational modelling, the application of remote digital technology, and novel methods to evaluate brain network organization. The study of cognitive impairment has provided a way to approach, examine and comprehend a wide range of features of schizophrenia, and it may ultimately affect how we define and diagnose this complex disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Green
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA,Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare SystemLos AngelesCAUSA,Veterans Affairs Program for Enhancing Community Integration for Homeless VeteransLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - William P. Horan
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA,Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare SystemLos AngelesCAUSA,Veterans Affairs Program for Enhancing Community Integration for Homeless VeteransLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Junghee Lee
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA,Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare SystemLos AngelesCAUSA,Veterans Affairs Program for Enhancing Community Integration for Homeless VeteransLos AngelesCAUSA
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22
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Jing R, Li P, Ding Z, Lin X, Zhao R, Shi L, Yan H, Liao J, Zhuo C, Lu L, Fan Y. Machine learning identifies unaffected first-degree relatives with functional network patterns and cognitive impairment similar to those of schizophrenia patients. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:3930-3939. [PMID: 31148311 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) patients and their unaffected first-degree relatives (FDRs) share similar functional neuroanatomy. However, it remains largely unknown to what extent unaffected FDRs with functional neuroanatomy patterns similar to patients can be identified at an individual level. In this study, we used a multivariate pattern classification method to learn informative large-scale functional networks (FNs) and build classifiers to distinguish 32 patients from 30 healthy controls and to classify 34 FDRs as with or without FNs similar to patients. Four informative FNs-the cerebellum, default mode network (DMN), ventral frontotemporal network, and posterior DMN with parahippocampal gyrus-were identified based on a training cohort and pattern classifiers built upon these FNs achieved a correct classification rate of 83.9% (sensitivity 87.5%, specificity 80.0%, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.914) estimated based on leave-one-out cross-validation for the training cohort and a correct classification rate of 77.5% (sensitivity 72.5%, specificity 82.5%, and AUC 0.811) for an independent validation cohort. The classification scores of the FDRs and patients were negatively correlated with their measures of cognitive function. FDRs identified by the classifiers as having SCZ patterns were similar to the patients, but significantly different from the controls and FDRs with normal patterns in terms of their cognitive measures. These results demonstrate that the pattern classifiers built upon the informative FNs can serve as biomarkers for quantifying brain alterations in SCZ and help to identify FDRs with FN patterns and cognitive impairment similar to those of SCZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rixing Jing
- National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zengbo Ding
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongjiang Zhao
- Department of Alcohol and Drug Dependence, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Le Shi
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinmin Liao
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanjun Zhuo
- Tianjin Mental Health Center, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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23
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Su W, Guo J, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Chen N, Zhou M, Li R, Chen H, He L. A Longitudinal Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Working Memory in Patients Following a Transient Ischemic Attack: A Preliminary Study. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:963-971. [PMID: 30128690 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate longitudinal changes in brain activation during a verbal working memory (VWM) task performed by patients who had experienced a transient ischemic attack (TIA). Twenty-five first-ever TIA patients without visible lesions in conventional MRI and 25 healthy volunteers were enrolled. VWM task-related fMRI was conducted 1 week and 3 months post-TIA. The brain activity evoked by the task and changes over time were assessed. We found that, compared with controls, patients exhibited an increased activation in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), insula, inferior parietal lobe (IPL), and cerebellum during the task performed 1 week post-TIA. But only the right IFG still exhibited an increased activation at 3 months post-TIA. A direct comparison of fMRI data between 1 week and 3 months post-TIA showed greater activation in the bilateral middle temporal gyrus, right DLPFC, IPL, cerebellum, and left IFG in patients at 1 week post-TIA. We conclude that brain activity patterns induced by a VWM task remain dynamic for a period of time after a TIA, despite the cessation of clinical symptoms. Normalization of the VWM activation pattern may be progressively achieved after transient episodes of ischemia in TIA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Su
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Science and Technology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Muke Zhou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of The Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huafu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of The Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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24
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Zemánková P, Lošák J, Czekóová K, Lungu O, Jáni M, Kašpárek T, Bareš M. Theory of Mind Skills Are Related to Resting-State Frontolimbic Connectivity in Schizophrenia. Brain Connect 2018; 8:350-361. [PMID: 29869536 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2017.0563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia (SCH) often demonstrate impairment in social-cognitive functions as well as disturbances in large-scale network connectivity. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is a core region of the default mode network, with projections to limbic structures. It plays an important role in social and emotional decision-making. We investigated whether resting-state functional connectivity (FC) relates to the cognitive and affective domains of theory of mind (ToM). Twenty-three SCH patients and 19 healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. vmPFC seed connectivity was correlated with behavioral measures assessing ToM domains. SCH performed less well than HCs in both ToM task domains. An analysis of the resting-state FC revealed that SCH had reduced connectivity from the vmPFC to the subcallosal cortex, right amygdala, and right hippocampus as a function of behavioral scores in both ToM domains. Within-group analyses indicated that in HCs, the performance in ToM was positively associated with frontoamygdalar resting-state connectivity, whereas in SCH, the performance in ToM was negatively associated with the frontosubcallosal connectivity. Differences in the pattern of the resting-state frontolimbic connectivity and its associations with performance in ToM tasks between the two study groups might represent a different setup for processing social information in patients with SCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Zemánková
- 1 Behavioural and Social Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic .,2 Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic .,3 First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's Teaching Hospital , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lošák
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristína Czekóová
- 1 Behavioural and Social Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ovidiu Lungu
- 4 Psychiatry Department, University of Montreal , Montreal, Canada .,5 Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Research Centre of the Montreal Geriatric Institute , Montreal, Canada .,6 Centre for Research on Aging, Donald Berman Maimonides Geriatric Centre , Montreal, Canada
| | - Martin Jáni
- 1 Behavioural and Social Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic .,2 Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- 1 Behavioural and Social Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic .,2 Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bareš
- 3 First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's Teaching Hospital , Brno, Czech Republic .,7 Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
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25
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Li RR, Lyu HL, Liu F, Lian N, Wu RR, Zhao JP, Guo WB. Altered functional connectivity strength and its correlations with cognitive function in subjects with ultra-high risk for psychosis at rest. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:1140-1148. [PMID: 29691990 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Evidence of altered structural and functional connectivity in the frontal-occipital network is associated with cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia. However, the altered patterns of functional connectivity strength (FCS) in individuals with ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis remain unknown. In this study, whole-brain FCS was assessed to examine the altered patterns of FCS in UHR subjects. METHODS A total of 34 UHR subjects and 37 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled to undergo resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The imaging data were analyzed using the graph theory method. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, UHR subjects showed significantly decreased FCS in the left middle frontal gyrus and significantly increased FCS in the left calcarine cortex. The FCS values in the left middle frontal gyrus were positively correlated to the scores of the Brief Assessments of Cognitionin Schizophrenia Symbol Coding Test (r = 0.366, P = 0.033) in the UHR subjects. A negative correlation was found between the FCS values in the left calcarine cortex and the scores of the Stroop color-naming test (r = -0.475, P = 0.016) in the UHR subjects. A combination of the FCS values in the 2 brain areas showed an accuracy of 87.32%, a sensitivity of 73.53%, and a specificity of 100% for distinguishing UHR subjects from healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Significantly altered FCS in the frontal-occipital network is observed in the UHR subjects. Furthermore, decreased FCS in the left middle frontal gyrus and increased FCS in the left calcarine have significant correlations with the cognitive measures of the UHR subjects and thus improve our understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of schizophrenia. Moreover, a combination of the FCS values in the 2 brain areas can serve as a potential image marker to distinguish UHR subjects from healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran-Ran Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hai-Long Lyu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Lian
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ren-Rong Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing-Ping Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Bin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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26
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Zhang Z, Yan T, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zhao W, Chen X, Zhai J, Chen M, Du B, Deng X, Ji F, Xiang Y, Wu H, Song J, Dong Q, Chen C, Li J. Polymorphism in schizophrenia risk gene MIR137 is associated with the posterior cingulate Cortex's activation and functional and structural connectivity in healthy controls. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 19:160-166. [PMID: 30035013 PMCID: PMC6051762 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
MIR137 gene has been repeatedly reported as a schizophrenia risk gene in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). A polymorphism (rs1625579) at the MIR137 gene has been associated with both neural activation and behavioral performance during a working memory task. This study examined MIR137's associations with task-related (N-back working memory) fMRI, resting state fMRI, and diffusion tensor images (DTI) data in 177 healthy adults. We found less deactivation of the PCC in risk allele homozygotes (TT) as compared to the GT heterozygotes (cluster size = 630 voxels, cluster level PFWE < 0.001) during the N-back task, which replicated previous findings. Using the identified cluster within the PCC as the seed, we further found decreased functional connectivity between the PCC and the anterior cingulate cortex and its adjacent medial prefrontal cortex (ACC/MPFC) in risk allele homozygotes during both resting state (cluster size = 427 voxels, cluster level PFWE = 0.001) and the N-back task (cluster size = 73 voxels, cluster level PFWE = 0.05). Finally, an analysis of our DTI data showed decreased white matter integrity of the posterior cingulum in risk allele homozygotes (cluster size = 214 voxels, cluster level PFWE = 0.03). Taken together, rs1625579 seems to play an important role in both functional and structural connectivity between the PCC and the ACC/MPFC, which may serve as the brain mechanisms for the link between rs1625579 and schizophrenia. This study replicated the association between the risk allele of rs1625579 and altered activations at the PCC. This study found decreased functional connectivity between the PCC and the ACC/MPFC in the risk allele homozygotes. This study found decreased FA value in the posterior cingulum in the risk allele homozygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China; Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Tongjun Yan
- The PLA 102nd Hospital and Mental Health Center of Military, Changzhou 213003, PR China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- The PLA 102nd Hospital and Mental Health Center of Military, Changzhou 213003, PR China
| | - Qiumei Zhang
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining 272013, Shandong Province, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China; Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Wan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China; Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Xiongying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China; Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Jinguo Zhai
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining 272013, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining 272013, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Boqi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China; Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China; Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Feng Ji
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining 272013, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yutao Xiang
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing 100088, PR China; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Hongjie Wu
- Shengli Hospital of Shengli Petroleum Administration Bureau, Dongying 257022, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jie Song
- Shengli Hospital of Shengli Petroleum Administration Bureau, Dongying 257022, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China; Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Chuansheng Chen
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China; Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, PR China.
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27
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Zeng LL, Wang H, Hu P, Yang B, Pu W, Shen H, Chen X, Liu Z, Yin H, Tan Q, Wang K, Hu D. Multi-Site Diagnostic Classification of Schizophrenia Using Discriminant Deep Learning with Functional Connectivity MRI. EBioMedicine 2018; 30:74-85. [PMID: 29622496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A lack of a sufficiently large sample at single sites causes poor generalizability in automatic diagnosis classification of heterogeneous psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia based on brain imaging scans. Advanced deep learning methods may be capable of learning subtle hidden patterns from high dimensional imaging data, overcome potential site-related variation, and achieve reproducible cross-site classification. However, deep learning-based cross-site transfer classification, despite less imaging site-specificity and more generalizability of diagnostic models, has not been investigated in schizophrenia. Methods A large multi-site functional MRI sample (n = 734, including 357 schizophrenic patients from seven imaging resources) was collected, and a deep discriminant autoencoder network, aimed at learning imaging site-shared functional connectivity features, was developed to discriminate schizophrenic individuals from healthy controls. Findings Accuracies of approximately 85·0% and 81·0% were obtained in multi-site pooling classification and leave-site-out transfer classification, respectively. The learned functional connectivity features revealed dysregulation of the cortical-striatal-cerebellar circuit in schizophrenia, and the most discriminating functional connections were primarily located within and across the default, salience, and control networks. Interpretation The findings imply that dysfunctional integration of the cortical-striatal-cerebellar circuit across the default, salience, and control networks may play an important role in the “disconnectivity” model underlying the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The proposed discriminant deep learning method may be capable of learning reliable connectome patterns and help in understanding the pathophysiology and achieving accurate prediction of schizophrenia across multiple independent imaging sites. A deep discriminant autoencoder network is developed for cross-site classification of schizophrenia. The deep learning method can learn site-shared brain connectivity features and achieve accurate prediction of schizophrenia. The learned features reveal dysfunctional integration of the cortical-striatal-cerebellar circuit in schizophrenia.
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28
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Roffman JL, Petruzzi LJ, Tanner AS, Brown HE, Eryilmaz H, Ho NF, Giegold M, Silverstein NJ, Bottiglieri T, Manoach DS, Smoller JW, Henderson DC, Goff DC. Biochemical, physiological and clinical effects of l-methylfolate in schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:316-22. [PMID: 28289280 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Folic acid supplementation confers modest benefit in schizophrenia, but its effectiveness is influenced by common genetic variants in the folate pathway that hinder conversion to its active form. We examined physiological and clinical effects of l-methylfolate, the fully reduced and bioactive form of folate, in schizophrenia. In this randomized, double-blind trial, outpatients with schizophrenia (n=55) received l-methylfolate 15 mg or placebo for 12 weeks. Patients were maintained on stable doses of antipsychotic medications. The pre-defined primary outcome was change in plasma methylfolate at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included change in symptoms (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms, Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia), cognition (Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia composite) and three complementary magnetic resonance imaging measures (working memory-related activation, resting connectivity, cortical thickness). Primary, mixed model, intent-to-treat analyses covaried for six genetic variants in the folate pathway previously associated with symptom severity and/or response to folate supplementation. Analyses were repeated without covariates to evaluate dependence on genotype. Compared with placebo, l-methylfolate increased plasma methylfolate levels (d=1.00, P=0.0009) and improved PANSS Total (d=0.61, P=0.03) as well as PANSS Negative and General Psychopathology subscales. Although PANSS Total and General Psychopathology changes were influenced by genotype, significant PANSS Negative changes occurred regardless of genotype. No treatment differences were seen in other symptom rating scales or cognitive composite scores. Patients receiving l-methylfolate exhibited convergent changes in ventromedial prefrontal physiology, including increased task-induced deactivation, altered limbic connectivity and increased cortical thickness. In conclusion, l-methylfolate supplementation was associated with salutary physiological changes and selective symptomatic improvement in this study of schizophrenia patients, warranting larger clinical trials. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01091506.
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29
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Dauvermann MR, Moorhead TW, Watson AR, Duff B, Romaniuk L, Hall J, Roberts N, Lee GL, Hughes ZA, Brandon NJ, Whitcher B, Blackwood DH, McIntosh AM, Lawrie SM. Verbal working memory and functional large-scale networks in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 270:86-96. [PMID: 29111478 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test whether bilinear and nonlinear effective connectivity (EC) measures of working memory fMRI data can differentiate between patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and healthy controls (HC). We applied bilinear and nonlinear Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) for the analysis of verbal working memory in 16 SZ and 21 HC. The connection strengths with nonlinear modulation between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra (VTA/SN) were evaluated. We used Bayesian Model Selection at the group and family levels to compare the optimal bilinear and nonlinear models. Bayesian Model Averaging was used to assess the connection strengths with nonlinear modulation. The DCM analyses revealed that SZ and HC used different bilinear networks despite comparable behavioral performance. In addition, the connection strengths with nonlinear modulation between the DLPFC and the VTA/SN area showed differences between SZ and HC. The adoption of different functional networks in SZ and HC indicated neurobiological alterations underlying working memory performance, including different connection strengths with nonlinear modulation between the DLPFC and the VTA/SN area. These novel findings may increase our understanding of connectivity in working memory in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Dauvermann
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK; School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Thomas Wj Moorhead
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Andrew R Watson
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Barbara Duff
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Liana Romaniuk
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK; Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Neil Roberts
- Clinical Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Graham L Lee
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zoë A Hughes
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Brandon
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA; IMED Neuroscience Unit, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Brandon Whitcher
- Clinical and Translational Imaging, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Douglas Hr Blackwood
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
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Cloke JM, Nguyen R, Chung BY, Wasserman DI, De Lisio S, Kim JC, Bailey CD, Winters BD. A Novel Multisensory Integration Task Reveals Robust Deficits in Rodent Models of Schizophrenia: Converging Evidence for Remediation via Nicotinic Receptor Stimulation of Inhibitory Transmission in the Prefrontal Cortex. J Neurosci 2016; 36:12570-85. [PMID: 27974613 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1628-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical multisensory integration is an understudied cognitive symptom in schizophrenia. Procedures to evaluate multisensory integration in rodent models are lacking. We developed a novel multisensory object oddity (MSO) task to assess multisensory integration in ketamine-treated rats, a well established model of schizophrenia. Ketamine-treated rats displayed a selective MSO task impairment with tactile-visual and olfactory-visual sensory combinations, whereas basic unisensory perception was unaffected. Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) administration of nicotine or ABT-418, an α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, normalized MSO task performance in ketamine-treated rats and this effect was blocked by GABAA receptor antagonism. GABAergic currents were also decreased in OFC of ketamine-treated rats and were normalized by activation of α4β2 nAChRs. Furthermore, parvalbumin (PV) immunoreactivity was decreased in the OFC of ketamine-treated rats. Accordingly, silencing of PV interneurons in OFC of PV-Cre mice using DREADDs (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs) selectively impaired MSO task performance and this was reversed by ABT-418. Likewise, clozapine-N-oxide-induced inhibition of PV interneurons in brain slices was reversed by activation of α4β2 nAChRs. These findings strongly imply a role for prefrontal GABAergic transmission in the integration of multisensory object features, a cognitive process with relevance to schizophrenia. Accordingly, nAChR agonism, which improves various facets of cognition in schizophrenia, reversed the severe MSO task impairment in this study and appears to do so via a GABAergic mechanism. Interactions between GABAergic and nAChR receptor systems warrant further investigation for potential therapeutic applications. The novel behavioral procedure introduced in the current study is acutely sensitive to schizophrenia-relevant cognitive impairment and should prove highly valuable for such research. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Adaptive behaviors are driven by integration of information from different sensory modalities. Multisensory integration is disrupted in patients with schizophrenia, but little is known about the neural basis of this cognitive symptom. Development and validation of multisensory integration tasks for animal models is essential given the strong link between functional outcome and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. We present a novel multisensory object oddity procedure that detects selective multisensory integration deficits in a rat model of schizophrenia using various combinations of sensory modalities. Moreover, converging data are consistent with a nicotinic-GABAergic mechanism of multisensory integration in the prefrontal cortex, results with strong clinical relevance to the study of cognitive impairment and treatment in schizophrenia.
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Hahn B, Harvey AN, Gold JM, Ross TJ, Stein EA. Load-dependent hyperdeactivation of the default mode network in people with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2017; 185:190-196. [PMID: 28073606 PMCID: PMC6104387 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with impairment in a range of cognitive functions. Neuroimaging studies have reported lower, but also higher, task-induced activation accompanying impaired performance. Differences in task-load and the ability of people with schizophrenia (PSZ) to stay engaged in the cognitive operations probed appear to underlie such discrepancies. Similarly, task-induced deactivation of the default mode network (DMN) was weaker in PSZ relative to healthy control subjects (HCS) in most studies, but some reported greater deactivation. An inability to stay engaged in the cognitive operations could account for these discrepancies, too, as it would lead to more time off-task and consequently less deactivation of DMN functions. The present study employed a change detection paradigm with small to moderate set sizes (SSs) of 1, 2, and 4 items. Task training prior to fMRI scanning abolished the group difference in no-response trials. Task-positive regions of interest (ROIs) displayed greater activation with increasing SS in both groups. PSZ showed greater activation relative to HCS at SSs 1 and 2. DMN ROIs displayed greater deactivation with increasing SS in PSZ, but not in HCS, and PSZ tended to hyperdeactivate DMN regions at SS 4. No hypodeactivation was observed in PSZ. In conclusion, when minimizing differences in task-engagement, PSZ tend to over-recruit task-positive regions during low-load operations, and hyperdeactivate DMN functions at higher load, perhaps reflecting heightened non-specific vigilance or effort when dealing with cognitive challenges. This speaks against an inability to down-regulate task-independent thought processes as a primary mechanism underlying cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Hahn
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, P.O. Box 21247, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA.
| | - Alexander N Harvey
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, P.O. Box 21247, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA.
| | - James M Gold
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, P.O. Box 21247, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA.
| | - Thomas J Ross
- National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, Neuroimaging Research Branch, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Elliot A Stein
- National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, Neuroimaging Research Branch, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Godwin D, Ji A, Kandala S, Mamah D. Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Brain Networks in Schizophrenia during a Working Memory Task. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:294. [PMID: 29312020 PMCID: PMC5743938 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Task-based connectivity studies facilitate the understanding of how the brain functions during cognition, which is commonly impaired in schizophrenia (SZ). Our aim was to investigate functional connectivity during a working memory task in SZ. We hypothesized that the task-negative (default mode) network and the cognitive control (frontoparietal) network would show dysconnectivity. Twenty-five SZ patient and 31 healthy control scans were collected using the customized 3T Siemens Skyra MRI scanner, previously used to collect data for the Human Connectome Project. Blood oxygen level dependent signal during the 0-back and 2-back conditions were extracted within a network-based parcelation scheme. Average functional connectivity was assessed within five brain networks: frontoparietal (FPN), default mode (DMN), cingulo-opercular (CON), dorsal attention (DAN), and ventral attention network; as well as between the DMN or FPN and other networks. For within-FPN connectivity, there was a significant interaction between n-back condition and group (p = 0.015), with decreased connectivity at 0-back in SZ subjects compared to controls. FPN-to-DMN connectivity also showed a significant condition × group effect (p = 0.003), with decreased connectivity at 0-back in SZ. Across groups, connectivity within the CON and DAN were increased during the 2-back condition, while DMN connectivity with either CON or DAN were decreased during the 2-back condition. Our findings support the role of the FPN, CON, and DAN in working memory and indicate that the pattern of FPN functional connectivity differs between SZ patients and control subjects during the course of a working memory task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglass Godwin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Andrew Ji
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sridhar Kandala
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Daniel Mamah
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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33
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Averbeck BB, Chafee MV. Using model systems to understand errant plasticity mechanisms in psychiatric disorders. Nat Neurosci 2016; 19:1418-25. [PMID: 27786180 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In vivo model systems are a critical tool for gaining insight into the pathology underlying psychiatric disorders. Although modern functional imaging tools allow study of brain correlates of behavior in clinical groups and genome-wide association studies are beginning to uncover the complex genetic architecture of psychiatric disorders, there is less understanding of pathology at intervening levels of organization. Several psychiatric disorders derive from pathological neural plasticity, and studying the mechanisms that underlie these processes, including reinforcement learning and spike-timing-dependent plasticity, requires the use of animals. It will be particularly important to understand how individual differences in plasticity mechanisms at a cellular level confer resilience on some but lead to disease in others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Eryilmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.
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