1
|
Costanzo P, Nardi M, Oliverio M. Similarity and Competition between Biginelli and Hantzsch Reactions: an Opportunity for Modern Medicinal Chemistry. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Costanzo
- Department of Health Sciences; University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro; Viale Europa - Loc. Germaneto 88100 Catanzaro Italy
| | - Monica Nardi
- Department of Health Sciences; University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro; Viale Europa - Loc. Germaneto 88100 Catanzaro Italy
| | - Manuela Oliverio
- Department of Health Sciences; University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro; Viale Europa - Loc. Germaneto 88100 Catanzaro Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
She ZY, Zhong N, Yu KW, Xiao Y, Wei YL, Lin Y, Li YL, Lu MH. Kinesin-5 Eg5 is essential for spindle assembly and chromosome alignment of mouse spermatocytes. Cell Div 2020; 15:6. [PMID: 32165913 PMCID: PMC7060529 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-020-00063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microtubule organization is essential for bipolar spindle assembly and chromosome segregation, which contribute to genome stability. Kinesin-5 Eg5 is known to be a crucial regulator in centrosome separation and spindle assembly in mammalian somatic cells, however, the functions and mechanisms of Eg5 in male meiotic cell division remain largely unknown. Results In this study, we have found that Eg5 proteins are expressed in mouse spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids. After Eg5 inhibition by specific inhibitors Monastrol, STLC and Dimethylenastron, the meiotic spindles of dividing spermatocytes show spindle collapse and the defects in bipolar spindle formation. We demonstrate that Eg5 regulates spindle bipolarity and the maintenance of meiotic spindles in meiosis. Eg5 inhibition leads to monopolar spindles, spindle abnormalities and chromosome misalignment in cultured GC-2 spd cells. Furthermore, Eg5 inhibition results in the decrease of the spermatids and the abnormalities in mature sperms. Conclusions Our results have revealed an important role of kinesin-5 Eg5 in male meiosis and the maintenance of male fertility. We demonstrate that Eg5 is crucial for bipolar spindle assembly and chromosome alignment in dividing spermatocytes. Our data provide insights into the functions of Eg5 in meiotic spindle assembly of dividing spermatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu She
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122 Fujian China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122 Fujian China
| | - Ning Zhong
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122 Fujian China
| | - Kai-Wei Yu
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122 Fujian China
| | - Yu Xiao
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122 Fujian China
| | - Ya-Lan Wei
- Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China.,4Fujian Provincial Children's Hospital, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China
| | - Yang Lin
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122 Fujian China
| | - Yue-Ling Li
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122 Fujian China
| | - Ming-Hui Lu
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122 Fujian China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Monastrol, a 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1 H )-thione, as structural scaffold for the development of modulators for GHB high-affinity binding sites and α 1 β 2 δ GABA A receptors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:300-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
4
|
Al-Masoudi WA, Al-Masoudi NA, Weibert B, Winter R. Synthesis, X-ray structure,in vitroHIV and kinesin Eg5 inhibition activities of new arene ruthenium complexes of pyrimidine analogs. J COORD CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2017.1334259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wasfi A. Al-Masoudi
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Chemistry, College of Veterinary, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Najim A. Al-Masoudi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Bernhard Weibert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rainer Winter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Medina FG, Marrero JG, Macías-Alonso M, González MC, Córdova-Guerrero I, Teissier García AG, Osegueda-Robles S. Coumarin heterocyclic derivatives: chemical synthesis and biological activity. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:1472-507. [PMID: 26151411 DOI: 10.1039/c4np00162a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the broad range of science that has arisen from the synthesis of coumarin-linked and fused heterocycle derivatives. Specific topics include their synthesis and biological activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda G Medina
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato, Av. Mineral de Valenciana, No. 200, Col. Fracc. Industrial Puerto Interior, C.P. 36275 Silao de la Victoria, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Positive allosteric modulation of the GHB high-affinity binding site by the GABAA receptor modulator monastrol and the flavonoid catechin. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 740:570-7. [PMID: 24973695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is a metabolite of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and a proposed neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain. We recently identified α4βδ GABAA receptors as possible high-affinity GHB targets. GABAA receptors are highly sensitive to allosteric modulation. Thus to investigate whether GHB high-affinity binding sites are also sensitive to allosteric modulation, we screened both known GABAA receptor ligands and a library of natural compounds in the rat cortical membrane GHB specific high-affinity [3H]NCS-382 binding assay. Two hits were identified: Monastrol, a positive allosteric modulator of GABA function at δ-containing GABAA receptors, and the naturally occurring flavonoid catechin. These compounds increased [3H]NCS-382 binding to 185-272% in high micromolar concentrations. Monastrol and (+)-catechin significantly reduced [3H]NCS-382 dissociation rates and induced conformational changes in the binding site, demonstrating a positive allosteric modulation of radioligand binding. Surprisingly, binding of [3H]GHB and the GHB high-affinity site-specific radioligands [125I]BnOPh-GHB and [3H]HOCPCA was either decreased or only weakly increased, indicating that the observed modulation was critically probe-dependent. Both monastrol and (+)-catechin were agonists at recombinant α4β3δ receptors expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. When monastrol and GHB were co-applied no changes were seen compared to the individual responses. In summary, we have identified the compounds monastrol and catechin as the first allosteric modulators of GHB high-affinity binding sites. Despite their relatively weak affinity, these compounds may aid in further characterization of the GHB high-affinity sites that are likely to represent certain GABAA receptors.
Collapse
|
7
|
Alvim HGO, Lima TB, de Oliveira AL, de Oliveira HCB, Silva FM, Gozzo FC, Souza RY, da Silva WA, Neto BAD. Facts, Presumptions, and Myths on the Solvent-Free and Catalyst-Free Biginelli Reaction. What is Catalysis for? J Org Chem 2014; 79:3383-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5001498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haline G. O. Alvim
- Laboratory
of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy
Ribeiro, P.O.Box 4478, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Tatiani B. Lima
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Aline L. de Oliveira
- Laboratory
of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy
Ribeiro, P.O.Box 4478, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Heibbe C. B. de Oliveira
- Laboratory
of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy
Ribeiro, P.O.Box 4478, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Fabricio M. Silva
- Laboratory
of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy
Ribeiro, P.O.Box 4478, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Fabio C. Gozzo
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Roberto Y. Souza
- Laboratory
of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy
Ribeiro, P.O.Box 4478, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Wender A. da Silva
- Laboratory
of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy
Ribeiro, P.O.Box 4478, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Brenno A. D. Neto
- Laboratory
of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy
Ribeiro, P.O.Box 4478, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 70904-970, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Biginelli Multicomponent Reactions in Polymer Science. MULTI-COMPONENT AND SEQUENTIAL REACTIONS IN POLYMER SYNTHESIS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2014_301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
9
|
Hamlin TA, Leadbeater NE. Raman spectroscopy as a tool for monitoring mesoscale continuous-flow organic synthesis: Equipment interface and assessment in four medicinally-relevant reactions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:1843-52. [PMID: 24062851 PMCID: PMC3778413 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
An apparatus is reported for real-time Raman monitoring of reactions performed using continuous-flow processing. Its capability is assessed by studying four reactions, all involving formation of products bearing α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moieties; synthesis of 3-acetylcoumarin, Knoevenagel and Claisen–Schmidt condensations, and a Biginelli reaction. In each case it is possible to monitor the reactions and also in one case, by means of a calibration curve, determine product conversion from Raman spectral data as corroborated by data obtained using NMR spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor A Hamlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rashid U, Batool I, Wadood A, Khan A, ul-Haq Z, Chaudhary MI, Ansari FL. Structure based virtual screening-driven identification of monastrol as a potent urease inhibitor. J Mol Graph Model 2013; 43:47-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
11
|
El-Nassan HB. Advances in the discovery of kinesin spindle protein (Eg5) inhibitors as antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 62:614-31. [PMID: 23434636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is considered as one of the most serious health problems. Despite the presence of many effective chemotherapeutic agents, their severe side effects together with the appearance of mutant tumors limit the use of these drugs and increase the need for new anticancer agents. Eg5 represents an attractive target for medicinal chemists since Eg5 is overexpressed in many proliferative tissues while almost no Eg5 is detected in nonproliferative tissues. Many Eg5 inhibitors displayed potent anticancer activity against some of the mutant tumors with limited side effects. The present review provides an overview about the progress in the discovery of Eg5 inhibitors especially from 2009 to 2012 as well as the clinical trials conducted on some of these inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hala Bakr El-Nassan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 33 Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Deverakonda M, Mailavaram RP, Deb PK, Banda N, Vedula GS. Rapid and Efficient, Microwave-Assisted, Base-Catalyzed Synthesis of Some Novel 2,7-Disubstituted Pyrrolopyrimidinones. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2011.576324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
13
|
Nagarajan S, Skoufias DA, Kozielski F, Pae AN. Receptor–Ligand Interaction-Based Virtual Screening for Novel Eg5/Kinesin Spindle Protein Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2561-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jm201290v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanthi Nagarajan
- Neuro-Medicine Center, Life
Sciences Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea
- School of Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, 52 Eoeun
dongYuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Dimitrios A. Skoufias
- Institute for Structural Biology (CEA-CNRS-UJF), 41 rue Jules Horowitz, 38027
Grenoble Cedex 1, France,
| | - Frank Kozielski
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road,
Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, U.K
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Neuro-Medicine Center, Life
Sciences Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea
- School of Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, 52 Eoeun
dongYuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
VYAS POORVESHM, JOSHI MIHIRJ, PANSURIYA AKSHAYM, NALIAPARA YOGESHT. SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF n-BUTYL 4-(3,4-DIMETHOXYPHENYL)-6-METHYL-2-THIOXO-1,2,3,4 TETRAHYDROPYRIMIDINE-5-CARBOXYLATE NANOCRYSTALLINE PARTICLES BY WATER/OIL MICROEMULSION METHOD. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219581x11008356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Various pyrimidine derivatives are well known for their different pharmaceutical applications. The n-butyl 4-(3, 4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4 tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate (n-butyl THPM) was synthesized by using n-butylacetoacetate. The n-butyl acetoacetate was obtained by transesterification of ethyl acetoacetate with n-butyl alcohol using Biginelli condensation. The synthesized powder was used to obtain the nanoparticles of n-butyl THPM by using water/oil microemulsion technique. The average particle size was calculated from the powder XRD pattern by applying Scherrer's formula. The nanoparticles of n-butyl THPM were observed by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The diameter of the nanoparticles varied from 15 nm to 65 nm. The nanoparticles were also characterized by FT–IR spectroscopy, TG–DTA–DSC and mass spectroscopy. The n-butyl THPM nanoparticles were stable up to 280°C. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of decomposition were obtained by applying Coats and Redfern relation to the thermogram. The dielectric study was carried out in the frequency range of 50 Hz to 5 MHz. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss and ac conductivity decreased as the frequency of applied field increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- POORVESH M. VYAS
- Department of Physics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India
| | - MIHIR J. JOSHI
- Department of Physics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India
| | - AKSHAY M. PANSURIYA
- Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India
| | - YOGESH T. NALIAPARA
- Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Henise JC, Taunton J. Irreversible Nek2 kinase inhibitors with cellular activity. J Med Chem 2011; 54:4133-46. [PMID: 21627121 DOI: 10.1021/jm200222m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A structure-based approach was used to design irreversible, cysteine-targeted inhibitors of the human centrosomal kinase, Nek2. Potent inhibition of Nek2 kinase activity in biochemical and cell-based assays required a noncatalytic cysteine residue (Cys22), located near the glycine-rich loop in a subset of human kinases. Elaboration of an oxindole scaffold led to our most selective compound, oxindole propynamide 16 (JH295). Propynamide 16 irreversibly inhibited cellular Nek2 without affecting the mitotic kinases, Cdk1, Aurora B, or Plk1. Moreover, 16 did not perturb bipolar spindle assembly or the spindle assembly checkpoint. To our knowledge, 16 is the first small molecule shown to inactivate Nek2 kinase activity in cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Henise
- Program in Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Raju C, Uma R, Madhaiyan K, Sridhar R, Ramakrishna S. Ammonium Trifluoroacetate-Mediated Synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones. ISRN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2011; 2011:273136. [PMID: 24052820 PMCID: PMC3767369 DOI: 10.5402/2011/273136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A simple and economic synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones using ammonium trifluoroacetate as catalyst and as solid support is accomplished. Easy workup procedure for the synthesis of title compounds is well arrived at and is well documented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandran Raju
- Pachaiyappa's College, University of Madras, Aminjikarai, Chennai 600 029, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Prokopcová H, Dallinger D, Uray G, Kaan HYK, Ulaganathan V, Kozielski F, Laggner C, Kappe CO. Structure-Activity Relationships and Molecular Docking of Novel Dihydropyrimidine-Based Mitotic Eg5 Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:1760-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
19
|
Synthesis of alkyl- and aryl-amino-substituted anthraquinone derivatives by microwave-assisted copper(0)-catalyzed Ullmann coupling reactions. Nat Protoc 2010; 5:945-53. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2010.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
20
|
Schmink JR, Kormos CM, Devine WG, Leadbeater NE. Exploring the Scope for Scale-Up of Organic Chemistry Using a Large Batch Microwave Reactor. Org Process Res Dev 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/op900287j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Schmink
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, U.S.A
| | - Chad M. Kormos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, U.S.A
| | - William G. Devine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, U.S.A
| | - Nicholas E. Leadbeater
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Glasnov TN, Tye H, Kappe CO. Integration of high speed microwave chemistry and a statistical ‘design of experiment’ approach for the synthesis of the mitotic kinesin Eg5 inhibitor monastrol. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
22
|
Dallinger D, Kappe CO. Automated generation of a dihydropyrimidine compound library using microwave-assisted processing. Nat Protoc 2007; 2:1713-21. [PMID: 17641636 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2007.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the generation of a small focused library of 12 diversely functionalized dihydropyrimidine (DHPM) derivatives via one-pot three-component Biginelli cyclocondensation of beta-ketoesters, aldehydes and (thio)ureas. By applying controlled microwave heating under sealed vessel conditions using a fully automated microwave instrument including a gripper and liquid handler, the sequential synthesis of DHPMs can be performed in a shorter reaction time (10-20 min per one DHPM derivative) compared to conventional heating methods, which normally require several hours of reflux heating. The solid products either crystallize directly upon cooling or can be precipitated upon addition of water, requiring only filtration for isolation. In this way, the DHPM derivatives are obtained in high purity and no further purification by recrystallization or chromatography is necessary. This can be ascribed to the microwave heating technology where less side-product formation is often seen. The preparation of this 12-membered DHPM library can be carried out within approximately 9 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doris Dallinger
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|