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Arnold MR, Langelier MF, Gartrell J, Kirby IT, Sanderson DJ, Bejan DS, Šileikytė J, Sundalam SK, Nagarajan S, Marimuthu P, Duell AK, Shelat AA, Pascal JM, Cohen MS. Allosteric regulation of DNA binding and target residence time drive the cytotoxicity of phthalazinone-based PARP-1 inhibitors. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:1694-1708.e10. [PMID: 36493759 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric coupling between the DNA binding site to the NAD+-binding pocket drives PARP-1 activation. This allosteric communication occurs in the reverse direction such that NAD+ mimetics can enhance PARP-1's affinity for DNA, referred to as type I inhibition. The cellular effects of type I inhibition are unknown, largely because of the lack of potent, membrane-permeable type I inhibitors. Here we identify the phthalazinone inhibitor AZ0108 as a type I inhibitor. Unlike the structurally related inhibitor olaparib, AZ0108 induces replication stress in tumorigenic cells. Synthesis of analogs of AZ0108 revealed features of AZ0108 that are required for type I inhibition. One analog, Pip6, showed similar type I inhibition of PARP-1 but was ∼90-fold more cytotoxic than AZ0108. Washout experiments suggest that the enhanced cytotoxicity of Pip6 compared with AZ0108 is due to prolonged target residence time on PARP-1. Pip6 represents a new class of PARP-1 inhibitors that may have unique anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriah R Arnold
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk. Rd., Portland, OR 97210, USA
| | - Marie-France Langelier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jessica Gartrell
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ilsa T Kirby
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk. Rd., Portland, OR 97210, USA
| | - Daniel J Sanderson
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk. Rd., Portland, OR 97210, USA
| | - Daniel S Bejan
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk. Rd., Portland, OR 97210, USA
| | - Justina Šileikytė
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk. Rd., Portland, OR 97210, USA
| | - Sunil K Sundalam
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk. Rd., Portland, OR 97210, USA
| | - Shanthi Nagarajan
- Medicinal Chemistry Core, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97210, USA
| | - Parthiban Marimuthu
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Anna K Duell
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk. Rd., Portland, OR 97210, USA
| | - Anang A Shelat
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - John M Pascal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Michael S Cohen
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk. Rd., Portland, OR 97210, USA.
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2
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Abrego J, Sanford-Crane H, Oon C, Xiao X, Betts CB, Sun D, Nagarajan S, Diaz L, Sandborg H, Bhattacharyya S, Xia Z, Coussens LM, Tontonoz P, Sherman MH. A Cancer Cell-Intrinsic GOT2-PPARδ Axis Suppresses Antitumor Immunity. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:2414-2433. [PMID: 35894778 PMCID: PMC9533011 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant recent advances in precision medicine, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains near uniformly lethal. Although immune-modulatory therapies hold promise to meaningfully improve outcomes for patients with PDAC, the development of such therapies requires an improved understanding of the immune evasion mechanisms that characterize the PDAC microenvironment. Here, we show that cancer cell-intrinsic glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2 (GOT2) shapes the immune microenvironment to suppress antitumor immunity. Mechanistically, we find that GOT2 functions beyond its established role in the malate-aspartate shuttle and promotes the transcriptional activity of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ), facilitated by direct fatty acid binding. Although GOT2 is dispensable for cancer cell proliferation in vivo, the GOT2-PPARδ axis promotes spatial restriction of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from the tumor microenvironment. Our results demonstrate a noncanonical function for an established mitochondrial enzyme in transcriptional regulation of immune evasion, which may be exploitable to promote a productive antitumor immune response. SIGNIFICANCE Prior studies demonstrate the important moonlighting functions of metabolic enzymes in cancer. We find that the mitochondrial transaminase GOT2 binds directly to fatty acid ligands that regulate the nuclear receptor PPARδ, and this functional interaction critically regulates the immune microenvironment of pancreatic cancer to promote tumor progression. See related commentary by Nwosu and di Magliano, p. 2237.. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2221.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Abrego
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Hannah Sanford-Crane
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Chet Oon
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Xu Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Courtney B. Betts
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Duanchen Sun
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Shanthi Nagarajan
- Medicinal Chemistry Core, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Luis Diaz
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Holly Sandborg
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Sohinee Bhattacharyya
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Zheng Xia
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Lisa M. Coussens
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mara H. Sherman
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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3
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Alkayed NJ, Cao Z, Qian ZY, Nagarajan S, Liu X, Nelson JW, Xie F, Li B, Fan W, Liu L, Grafe MR, Davis CM, Xiao X, Barnes AP, Kaul S. Control of Coronary Vascular Resistance by Eicosanoids via a Novel GPCR. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C1011-C1021. [PMID: 35385329 PMCID: PMC9255704 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00454.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid metabolites epoxyeicosatrienoates (EETs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoates (HETEs) are important regulators of myocardial blood flow and coronary vascular resistance (CVR), but their mechanisms of action are not fully understood. We applied a chemoproteomics strategy using a clickable photoaffinity probe to identify G protein coupled receptor 39 (GPR39) as a microvascular smooth muscle cell (mVSMC) receptor selective for two endogenous eicosanoids, 15-HETE and 14,15-EET, which act on the receptor to oppose each other's activity. The former increases mVSMC intracellular calcium via GPR39 and augments coronary microvascular resistance, and the latter inhibits these actions. Furthermore, we find that the efficacy of both ligands is potentiated by zinc acting as an allosteric modulator. Measurements of coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) in GPR39-null hearts using the Langendorff preparation indicate the receptor senses these eicosanoids to regulate microvascular tone. These results implicate GPR39 as an eicosanoid receptor and key regulator of myocardial tissue perfusion. Our findings will have a major impact on understanding the roles of eicosanoids in cardiovascular physiology and disease and provide an opportunity for the development of novel GPR39-targeting therapies for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Zhiping Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Zu Yuan Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Shanthi Nagarajan
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,Medicinal Chemistry Core, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Xuehong Liu
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Jonathan W Nelson
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Fuchun Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Bingbing Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Marjorie R Grafe
- DDepartment of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Catherine M Davis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Xiangshu Xiao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Anthony P Barnes
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Sanjiv Kaul
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
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4
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Sonthi VK, Nagarajan S, Krishnaraj N. An Intelligent Telugu Handwritten Character Recognition using Multi-Objective Mayfly Optimization with Deep Learning Based DenseNet Model. ACM T ASIAN LOW-RESO 2022. [DOI: 10.1145/3520439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Handwritten character recognition process has gained significant attention among research communities due to the application in assistive technologies for visually impaired people, human robot interaction, automated registry for business document, and so on. Handwritten character recognition of Telugu language is hard owing to the absence of massive dataset and trained convolution neural network (CNN). Therefore, this paper introduces an intelligent Telugu character recognition using multi-objective mayfly optimization with deep learning (MOMFO-DL) model. The proposed MOMFO-DL technique involves DenseNet-169 model as a feature extractor to generate a useful set of feature vectors. Moreover, functional link neural network (FLNN) is used as a classification model to recognize and classify the printer characters. The design of MOMFO technique for the parameter optimization of DenseNet model and FLNN model shows the novelty of the work. The use of MOMFO technique helps to optimally tune the parameters in such a way that the overall performance can be improved. The extensive experimental analysis takes place on benchmark datasets and the outcomes are examined with respect to different measures. The experimental results pointed out the supremacy of the MOMFO technique over the recent state of art methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Nagarajan
- Associate Professor, Department of CSE, FEAT, Annamalai University
| | - N. Krishnaraj
- Associate Professor, School of Computing, SRM Institute of Science & Technology
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5
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Vijayabaskaran S, B. D, Damodaran V, Nagarajan S. Association between Lipid Levels and Short-Term Heart Rate Variability (HRV) In Type 2 Diabetes. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences C, Physiology and Molecular Biology 2022. [DOI: 10.21608/eajbsc.2022.213921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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6
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Bermingham WH, Bhogal R, Nagarajan S, Mutlu L, El-Shabrawy RM, Madhan R, Maheshwari UM, Murali M, Kudagammana ST, Shrestha R, Sumantri S, Christopher DJ, Mahesh PA, Dedicoat M, Krishna MT. 'Practical management of suspected hypersensitivity reactions to anti-tuberculosis drugs.'. Clin Exp Allergy 2021; 52:375-386. [PMID: 34939251 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the commonest cause of death by a single infectious agent globally and ranks amongst the top ten causes of global mortality. The incidence of TB is highest in Low-Middle Income countries (LMICs). Prompt institution of, and compliance with, therapy are cornerstones for a favourable outcome in TB and to mitigate the risk of multiple drug resistant (MDR)-TB, which is challenging to treat. There is some evidence that adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to anti-TB drugs occur in over 60% and 3-4% of patients respectively. Both ADRs and HSRs represent significant barriers to treatment adherence and are recognised risk factors for MDR-TB. HSRs to anti-TB drugs are usually cutaneous and benign, occur within few weeks after commencement of therapy and are likely to be T-cell mediated. Severe and systemic T-cell mediated HSRs and IgE mediated anaphylaxis to anti-TB drugs are relatively rare, but important to recognise and treat promptly. T-cell mediated HSRs are more frequent amongst patients with co-existing HIV infection. Some patients develop multiple sensitisation to anti-TB drugs. Whilst skin tests, patch tests and in vitro diagnostics have been used in the investigation of HSRs to anti-TB drugs, their predictive value is not established, they are onerous, require specialist input of an allergist and are resource-dependent. This is compounded by the global, unmet demand for allergy specialists, particularly in low income countries (LICs) / LMICs and now the challenging circumstances of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This narrative review provides a critical analysis of the limited published evidence on this topic and proposes a cautious and pragmatic approach to optimise and standardise the management of HSRs to anti-TB drugs. This includes clinical risk stratification and a dual strategy involving sequential re-challenge and rapid drug desensitisation. Furthermore, a concerted international effort is needed to generate real-time data on ADRs, HSRs, safety and clinical outcomes of these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Bermingham
- Department of Allergy & Immunology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - R Bhogal
- Department of Pharmacy, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Nagarajan
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Mallige Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - L Mutlu
- Department of Allergy & Immunology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - R Madhan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS AHER, Mysuru, India
| | - U M Maheshwari
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St Johns Medical College, Bengaluru, India
| | - M Murali
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - S T Kudagammana
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Honorary Consultant Paediatrician, Teaching hospital, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - R Shrestha
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Nepal
| | - S Sumantri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Siloam Academic Hospital Lippo Village, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
| | - D J Christopher
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - P A Mahesh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSSAHER, Mysuru, India
| | - M Dedicoat
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - M T Krishna
- Department of Allergy & Immunology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK
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7
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Abrego J, Sanford-Crane H, Oon C, Xiao X, Betts C, Sun D, Nagarajan S, Xia Z, Coussens L, Tontonoz P, Sherman M. Abstract PO-095: A cancer cell-intrinsic GOT2-PPARδ axis suppresses antitumor immunity. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.panca21-po-095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2 (GOT2) encodes a product with dual functions: primarily as a metabolic enzyme in mitochondria but also as a putative fatty acid (FA) binding protein. The purpose of this study is to investigate GOT2 function and FA-binding in PDA carcinogenesis. Depletion of GOT2 expression with CRISPR-Cas9 or shRNA in human and murine PDA cell lines shows no proliferation defects in vitro. However, GOT2-depleted cells orthotopically implanted in immunocompetent hosts fail to form large tumors. Analysis of cancer cell proliferation shows no difference between control and knockout (KO) tumors, indicating proliferation is not affected by GOT2 in vivo. Genes negatively correlated with GOT2 expression in human PDA reveal ontology clusters associated with adaptive immune response, which suggests an immune-modulatory role of GOT2. Quantitation of immune markers using conventional and multiplex immunohistochemistry confirmed enhanced immune cell infiltration in KO tumors. Inhibition of T cells with blocking antibodies rescued the growth of GOT2 KO tumors, further validating the role of GOT2 in mediating adaptive tumor immunity. In addition to its known mitochondrial and plasma membrane localization, GOT2 expression was observed in the nuclei of PDA cells. It was hypothesized that nuclear GOT2 can deliver FA-ligand to activate PPARs (peroxisome proliferator activator receptor), a class of ligand-activated transcription factors with tumor-promoting properties; specifically, the ubiquitously expressed PPARδ. Analysis of human PDA RNA-seq data shows a significant positive correlation between GOT2 and PPARδ target genes. GOT2-dependent PPARδ activation in PDA cells was confirmed in vitro. Computational modeling of the crystal structure of GOT2 revealed a suitable arachidonic acid (AA) docking site, a known PPARδ ligand. Lipid binding assays of purified protein confirmed direct GOT2-AA binding. The FA docking site of GOT2 was mutated and KO cells were reconstituted with wild type and mutant GOT2. GOT2 mutant cells, compared to wild-type GOT2 cells, showed reduced PPARδ activity, nuclear localization, and interaction with PPARδ. In vivo, mutant GOT2 increased immune cell infiltration. Lastly, the rescue of PPARδ activity in GOT2 KO tumors restores the formation of large tumors with similar immune microenvironments to control tumors. We conclude that the enzymatic function of GOT2 is dispensable for PDA proliferation. However, GOT2 direct FA binding enhances activation of PPARδ to promote an immune-suppressed microenvironment. This non-canonical function of GOT2 can be further explored to elucidate mechanisms of immune evasion in PDA and aid in the development of efficient immunotherapies to improve disease outcomes.
Citation Format: Jaime Abrego, Hannah Sanford-Crane, Chet Oon, Xu Xiao, Courtney Betts, Duanchen Sun, Shanthi Nagarajan, Zheng Xia, Lisa Coussens, Peter Tontonoz, Mara Sherman. A cancer cell-intrinsic GOT2-PPARδ axis suppresses antitumor immunity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2021 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(22 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-095.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Abrego
- 1Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR,
| | - Hannah Sanford-Crane
- 1Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR,
| | - Chet Oon
- 1Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR,
| | - Xu Xiao
- 2Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA,
| | - Courtney Betts
- 1Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR,
| | - Duanchen Sun
- 3Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR,
| | - Shanthi Nagarajan
- 4Medicinal Chemistry Core, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR,
| | - Zheng Xia
- 3Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR,
| | - Lisa Coussens
- 1Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR,
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- 5Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mara Sherman
- 1Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR,
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Nagarajan S, Qian ZY, Marimuthu P, Alkayed NJ, Kaul S, Barnes AP. Mapping the Molecular Architecture Required for Lipid-Binding Pockets Using a Subset of Established and Orphan G-Protein Coupled Receptors. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:3442-3452. [PMID: 34242503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) sense a wide variety of stimuli, including lipids, and transduce signals to the intracellular environment to exert various physiological responses. However, the structural features of GPCRs responsible for detecting and triggering responses to distinct lipid ligands have only recently begun to be revealed. 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (14,15-EET) is one such lipid mediator that plays an essential role in the vascular system, displaying both vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory properties. We recently reported multiple low-affinity 14,15-EET-binding GPCRs, but the mechanism by which these receptors sense 14,15-EET remains unclear. Here, we have taken a combined computational and experimental approach to identify and confirm critical residues and properties within the lipid-binding pocket. Furthermore, we generated mutants to engineer selected GPCR-predicted binding sites to either confer or abolish 14,15-EET-induced signaling. Our structure-function analyses indicate that hydrophobic and positively charged residues of the receptor-binding pocket are prerequisites for recognizing lipid ligands such as 14,15-EET and possibly other eicosanoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanthi Nagarajan
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health Science University Portland, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States.,Medicinal Chemistry Core, Oregon Health Science University Portland, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Zu Yuan Qian
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health Science University Portland, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health Science University Portland, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Parthiban Marimuthu
- Pharmaceutical Science Laboratory and Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health Science University Portland, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health Science University Portland, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Sanjiv Kaul
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health Science University Portland, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Anthony P Barnes
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health Science University Portland, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health Science University Portland, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
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Kumar M, Murugkar HV, Nagarajan S, Tosh C, Patil S, Nagaraja KH, Rajukumar K, Senthilkumar D, Dubey SC. Experimental infection and pathology of two highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses isolated from crow and chicken in house crows (Corvus splendens). Acta Virol 2021; 64:325-330. [PMID: 32985206 DOI: 10.4149/av_2020_306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the experimental infection of two highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses isolated from crow (A/crow/Assam/142119/2008) and chicken (A/chicken/Sikkim/151466/2009) in house crows (Corvus splendens). Both viruses caused infection in crows, where four out of six and three out of six crows succumbed to H5N1 infection within 11 days post challenge by crow and chicken viruses, respectively. The major clinical signs in crows were wing paralysis, circling and torticollis. The virus shedding detected from swabs was not persistent in both crow nor chicken viruses. Both viruses were isolated more frequently from oral swabs than from cloacal swabs. Both virus strains were isolated from brain, lungs, heart, liver, pancreas, spleen, large intestines of crows that succumbed to H5N1 infection. The surviving birds seroconverted in response to H5N1 virus infection. Microscopically, both viruses caused coagulative necrosis in pancreas and kidneys. Brain showed gliosis and neuronal degeneration. This experimental study highlights that crows could be infected with H5N1 viruses from different hosts with minor differences in pathogenicity. Therefore, it is imperative to carry out surveillance of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus in synanthropic birds along with biosecurity measures to mitigate the H5N1 spread in poultry population. Keywords: chicken virus; crow virus; highly pathogenic avian influenza; house crows.
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10
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Eshleman AJ, Nagarajan S, Wolfrum KM, Reed JF, Nilsen A, Torralva R, Janowsky A. Affinity, potency, efficacy, selectivity, and molecular modeling of substituted fentanyls at opioid receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114293. [PMID: 33091380 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Substituted fentanyls are abused and cause rapid fatal overdose. As their pharmacology is not well characterized, we examined in vitro pharmacology and structure-activity relationships of 22 substituted fentanyls with modifications of the fentanyl propyl group, and conducted in silico receptor/ligand modeling. Affinities for mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptors (MOR, KOR, and DOR, respectively) heterologously expressed in mammalian cells were assessed in agonist radioligand binding assays. At MOR, furanyl fentanyl had higher affinity than fentanyl, while acryl, isobutyryl and cyclopropyl fentanyls had similar affinities. Comparing affinities, thiophene and methoxyacetyl fentanyls had highest selectivity for MOR (2520- and 2730-fold compared to KOR and DOR, respectively). Functional activities were assessed using [35S]GTPγS binding assays. At MOR, furanyl fentanyl had higher potency and 11 substituted fentanyls had similar high potencies compared to fentanyl. Eight compounds were full agonists of MOR and twelve compounds were partial agonists, with efficacies from 8.8% (phenyl fentanyl) to 60.2% (butyryl fentanyl). All efficacious compounds had selective functional potency for MOR. The predicted binding poses of flexible fentanyl and rigid morphine against MOR show partially overlapping binding pockets, with fentanyl maintaining additional interaction with the transmembrane (TM) 2 helix. Subsequent molecular dynamics simulations revealed a predominant fentanyl binding pose involving various TM interactions. The piperidine nitrogen of substituted fentanyls establishes a salt-bridge with the conserved D-1473.32 residue and the propanamide carbonyl group establishes a hydrogen bond with the indole side-chain (-NH) of W-3187.35. The simulation suggests theN-linked phenethyl group may regulate the rotameric switch of W-2936.48. The predicted binding pose, in conjunction with in vitro binding affinity, clarified the molecular basis of the binding/selectivity profile of furanyl fentanyl and other derivatives at the sequence level. In summary, substituted fentanyls with high MOR potencies, selectivities, and efficacies are likely to have abuse and overdose potential. The work presented here is a prototype to investigate fentanyl derivatives and their abuse potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Eshleman
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Shanthi Nagarajan
- Medicinal Chemistry Core, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Katherine M Wolfrum
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - John F Reed
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Aaron Nilsen
- Medicinal Chemistry Core, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Randy Torralva
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Aaron Janowsky
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States; The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
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11
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Parvathy P, Dheepika R, Abhijnakrishna R, Imran P, Nagarajan S. Fluorescence quenching of triarylamine functionalized phenanthroline-based probe for detection of picric acid. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Le DE, Davis CM, Wei K, Zhao Y, Cao Z, Nugent M, Scott KLL, Liu L, Nagarajan S, Alkayed NJ, Kaul S. Ranolazine may exert its beneficial effects by increasing myocardial adenosine levels. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 318:H189-H202. [PMID: 31834840 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00217.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that ranolazine-induced adenosine release is responsible for its beneficial effects in ischemic heart disease. Sixteen open-chest anesthetized dogs with noncritical coronary stenosis were studied at rest, during dobutamine stress, and during dobutamine stress with ranolazine. Six additional dogs without stenosis were studied only at rest. Regional myocardial function and perfusion were assessed. Coronary venous blood was drawn. Murine endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes were incubated with ranolazine and adenosine metabolic enzyme inhibitors, and adenosine levels were measured. Cardiomyocytes were also exposed to dobutamine and dobutamine with ranolazine. Modeling was employed to determine whether ranolazine can bind to an enzyme that alters adenosine stores. Ranolazine was associated with increased adenosine levels in the absence (21.7 ± 3.0 vs. 9.4 ± 2.1 ng/mL, P < 0.05) and presence of ischemia (43.1 ± 13.2 vs. 23.4 ± 5.3 ng/mL, P < 0.05). Left ventricular end-systolic wall stress decreased (49.85 ± 4.68 vs. 57.42 ± 3.73 dyn/cm2, P < 0.05) and endocardial-to-epicardial myocardial blood flow ratio tended to normalize (0.89 ± 0.08 vs. 0.76 ± 0.10, P = nonsignificant). Adenosine levels increased in cardiac endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes when incubated with ranolazine that was reversed when cytosolic-5'-nucleotidase (cN-II) was inhibited. Point mutation of cN-II aborted an increase in its specific activity by ranolazine. Similarly, adenosine levels did not increase when cardiomyocytes were incubated with dobutamine. Modeling demonstrated plausible binding of ranolazine to cN-II with a docking energy of -11.7 kcal/mol. We conclude that the anti-adrenergic and cardioprotective effects of ranolazine-induced increase in tissue adenosine levels, likely mediated by increasing cN-II activity, may contribute to its beneficial effects in ischemic heart disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ranolazine is a drug used for treatment of angina pectoris in patients with ischemic heart disease. We discovered a novel mechanism by which this drug may exhibit its beneficial effects. It increases coronary venous levels of adenosine both at rest and during dobutamine-induced myocardial ischemia. Ranolazine also increases adenosine levels in endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes in vitro, by principally increasing activity of the enzyme cytosolic-5'-nucleotidase. Adenosine has well-known myocardial protective and anti-adrenergic properties that may explain, in part, ranolazine's beneficial effect in ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Elizabeth Le
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Veterans Administration Portland Health Care System, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Catherine M Davis
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kevin Wei
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Yan Zhao
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Zhiping Cao
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Matthew Nugent
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kristin L Lyon Scott
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Shanthi Nagarajan
- Medicinal Chemistry Core, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Sanjiv Kaul
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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14
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Kumar N, Bhatia S, Pateriya AK, Sood R, Nagarajan S, Murugkar HV, Kumar S, Singh P, Singh VP. Label-free peptide nucleic acid biosensor for visual detection of multiple strains of influenza A virus suitable for field applications. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1093:123-130. [PMID: 31735205 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and rapid diagnosis of Influenza A viruses (IAVs) is challenging because of multiple strains circulating in humans and animal populations, and the emergence of new strains. In this study, we demonstrate a simple and rapid strategy for visual detection of multiple strains of IAVs (H1 to H16 subtypes) using peptide nucleic acid (PNA) as a biosensor and unmodified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a reporter. The design principle of the assay is based on the color change on account of free PNA-induced aggregation of AuNPs in the presence of non-complementary viral RNA sequence and vice-versa. The assay could detect IAV RNA with a visual limit of detection of 2.3 ng. The quantification of RNA with a considerable accuracy on a simple spectrophotometer was achieved on plotting the PNA-induced colorimetric changes (absorption ratio of A640/A520) in the presence of a varying concentration of complementary RNA. As a proof-of-concept, the visual assay was validated on 419 avian clinical samples and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed a high diagnostic specificity (96.46%, 95% CI = 93.8 to 98.2) and sensitivity (82.41%, 95% CI = 73.9 to 89.1) when RT-qPCR was used as reference test. Hence, the simplicity, rapidity, and universality of this strategy make it a potential candidate visual assay for clinical diagnosis and surveillance of IAVs, especially in the resource-limited settings. The proposed strategy establishes new avenues for developing a simple and rapid diagnostic system for viral infections and biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar
- Diagnostics & Vaccines Section, ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, 462022, India.
| | - Sandeep Bhatia
- Diagnostics & Vaccines Section, ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, 462022, India
| | - Atul Kumar Pateriya
- Diagnostics & Vaccines Section, ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, 462022, India
| | - Richa Sood
- Diagnostics & Vaccines Section, ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, 462022, India
| | - S Nagarajan
- Avian Diseases Section, ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, 462022, India
| | - Harshad V Murugkar
- Avian Diseases Section, ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, 462022, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- Central Instrumentation Facility- Bioengineering, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - Praveen Singh
- Central Instrumentation Facility- Bioengineering, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India; Biophysics and Electron Microscopy Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - Vijendra Pal Singh
- Diagnostics & Vaccines Section, ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, 462022, India
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15
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Le DTE, Davis C, Nagarajan S, Scott KLL, Cao Z, Liu H, Nabil A, Kaul S. RANOLAZINE EXHIBITS ANTI-ISCHEMIC PROPERTIES BY INCREASING CARDIAC ENDOTHELIAL CELL ADENOSINE LEVELS. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(19)30657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Meenakshisundaram S, Gopalakrishnan M, Nagarajan S, Sarathi N, Sumathi P. Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of alkenes by chromium(VI) in the presence of complexing agents. Journal of Chemical Research 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/0308234054497173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic activities of 2,2′-bipyridyl (bipy) and oxalic acid (Oxa) in the HCrO4– oxidation of some substituted trans-cinnamic acids have been investigated in acidic solutions. The Cr(VI)–bipy and Cr(VI)–Oxa complexes are believed to be the probable reactive electrophiles in this redox process. The kinetic data reveal that electron-releasing groups enhance the reactivity to a significant extent while the electron-withdrawing ones reduce the rate marginally. It appears that the mechanism of bipy/Oxa catalysed chromium(VI) oxidation of unsaturated systems to the corresponding cleavage products involves an electrophilic attack of the reactive complex at the C–C double bond. The formation of a ternary complex as an intermediate is envisaged to describe the redox process. In this paper, we also report on the kinetic form of the oxidation of trans-stilbene to methyl 3-hydroxy-2,3-diphenylpropanoate. The mechanistic pathway has been determined based on the kinetic behaviour and the product assignment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar – 608 002, India
| | - S. Nagarajan
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar – 608 002, India
| | - N. Sarathi
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar – 608 002, India
| | - P. Sumathi
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar – 608 002, India
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Nagarajan S, Alkayed NJ, Kaul S, Barnes AP. Effect of thermostable mutations on the neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1) activation state. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:340-353. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1573705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanthi Nagarajan
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Medicinal Chemistry Core, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nabil J. Alkayed
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health Science University Portland, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sanjiv Kaul
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Anthony P. Barnes
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Abstract
Kinesin-5 (Eg-5), microtubule motor protein, is one of the emerging drug targets in cancer research. Several inhibitors have been reported to bind the hEg-5 "motor domain" in two different locations that are potentially allosteric. Interestingly, the crystal structure of Eg-5 bound to benzimidazole unveils two chemically different allosteric pockets (PDB ID: 3ZCW). The allosteric modulators inhibit Eg-5 activity by causing conformational changes that affect nucleotide turnover rate. In the present work, three allosteric inhibitors were simulated along with the substrate nucleotides (ADP and ATP) to capture conformation changes induced by the allosteric inhibitors. To analyze the allosteric inhibition mechanism, we used dynamics cross-correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and enthalpic calculations. The loop L5 interaction is determined by the type of substrate bind at the nucleotide binding site. The SW-II flexibility increased upon dual allosteric inhibition by SB-743921 and 6a. The ionic interaction between R221-E116 is observed only in the presence of two allosteric inhibitors. Also, we noticed that the α2/α3 helical orientation is responsible for the SW-1 loop position and substrate binding. Our simulation data suggest the critical chemical features required to block the motor domain by the allosteric inhibitors. The results summarized in this work will help the researchers to design better therapeutic agents targeting hEg-5. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanthi Nagarajan
- a Department of Physiology & Pharmacology , Oregon Health Science University , Portland , OR , USA
| | - Sugunadevi Sakkiah
- b Department of BioMedical Sciences , Samuel Oschin Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles , CA , USA
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Manian DV, Nagarajan S, Vastardi M. CLINICAL PREDICTORS OF OBESITY AND ALLERGIC RHINITIS SEASONALITY IN AN INNER-CITY PEDIATRIC COHORT. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.09.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Lowrence RC, Ramakrishnan A, Sundaramoorthy NS, Shyam A, Mohan V, Subbarao HMV, Ulaganathan V, Raman T, Solomon A, Nagarajan S. Norfloxacin salts of carboxylic acids curtail planktonic and biofilm mode of growth in ESKAPE pathogens. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124:408-422. [PMID: 29178633 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To enhance the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of norfloxacin against the planktonic and biofilm mode of growth in ESKAPE pathogens using chemically modified norfloxacin salts. METHODS AND RESULTS Antimicrobial testing, synergy testing and time-kill curve analysis were performed to evaluate antibacterial effect of norfloxacin carboxylic acid salts against ESKAPE pathogens. In vivo efficacy to reduce bacterial bioburden was evaluated in zebrafish infection model. Crystal violet assay and live-dead staining were performed to discern antibiofilm effect. Membrane permeability, integrity and molecular docking studies were carried out to ascertain the mechanism of action. The carboxylic acid salts, relative to parent molecule norfloxacin, displayed two- to fourfold reduction in minimum inhibitory concentration against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in addition to displaying potent bacteriostatic effect against certain members of ESKAPE pathogens. In vivo treatments revealed that norfloxacin tartrate (SRIN2) reduced MRSA bioburden by greater than 1 log fold relative to parent molecule in the muscle tissue. In silico docking with gyrA of S. aureus showed increased affinity of SRIN2 towards DNA gyrase. The enhanced antibacterial effect of norfloxacin salts could be partially accounted by altered membrane permeability in S. aureus and perturbed membrane integrity in P. aeruginosa. Antibiofilm studies revealed that SRIN2 (norfloxacin tartrate) and SRIN3 (norfloxacin benzoate) exerted potent antibiofilm effect particularly against Gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens. The impaired colonization of both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa due to improved norfloxacin salts was further supported by live-dead imaging. CONCLUSION Norfloxacin carboxylic acid salts can act as potential alternatives in terms of drug resensitization and reuse. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our study shows that carboxylic acid salts of norfloxacin could be effectively employed to treat both planktonic- and biofilm-based infections caused by select members of ESKAPE pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Lowrence
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.,Center for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Ramakrishnan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N S Sundaramoorthy
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Shyam
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Mohan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - H M V Subbarao
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Ulaganathan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Raman
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - S Nagarajan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.,Center for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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21
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Khurshid F, Jeyavelan M, Takahashi K, Leo Hudson MS, Nagarajan S. Aryl fluoride functionalized graphene oxides for excellent room temperature ammonia sensitivity/selectivity. RSC Adv 2018; 8:20440-20449. [PMID: 35541670 PMCID: PMC9080835 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01818a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the covalent functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) through ‘‘click’’ reaction and its applications towards ammonia sensing. This inimitable method of covalent functionalization involves linking GO with azide moiety and click coupling of different derivatives of aryl propargyl ether, which enhances the sensitivity towards ammonia. The functionalized GO were characterized using NMR, XRD, SEM, FT-IR, Raman, UV-Vis, TGA and DSC. Compared to pristine GO, the GO functionalized with Ar samples (GO-Ar) exhibit excellent room temperature ammonia sensing properties with good response/recovery characteristics. It has been observed that 2,3-difluoro and 2,3,4-trifluoro substituted aryl propargyl ether functionalized GO (GO-Ar2 and GO-Ar3) shows superior ammonia sensing with response/recovery of 63%/∼90% and 60%/100%, respectively at 20 ppm. The GO-Ar3 exhibits high sensitivity towards ammonia at 20–100 ppm. Computational studies supports the high sensitivity of GO-Ar towards ammonia due to its high adsorption energy. Covalent functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) through ‘‘click’’ reaction and its applications towards ammonia sensing has been demonstrated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Jeyavelan
- Department of Physics
- Central University of Tamil Nadu
- India
| | - Keisuke Takahashi
- Center for Materials Research By Information Integration (CMI2)
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | | | - S. Nagarajan
- Department of Chemistry
- Central University of Tamil Nadu
- India
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22
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Pathak AP, Murugkar HV, Nagarajan S, Sood R, Tosh C, Kumar M, Athira CK, Praveen A. Survivability of low pathogenic (H9N2) avian influenza virus in water in the presence of Atyopsis moluccensis (Bamboo shrimp). Zoonoses Public Health 2017; 65:e124-e129. [PMID: 29115743 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) exhibits an ecological climax with the aquatic ecosystem. The most widely prevalent subtype of LPAIV is H9N2. Wild aquatic birds being the natural reservoirs and ducks, the "Trojan horses" for Avian Influenza Virus (AIV), can contaminate the natural water bodies inhabited by them. The virus can persist in the contaminated water from days to years depending upon the environmental conditions. Various aquatic species other than ducks can promote the persistence and transmission of AIV; however, studies on the role of aquatic fauna in persistence and transmission of avian influenza virus are scarce. This experiment was designed to evaluate the survivability of H9N2 LPAIV in water with and without Atyopsis moluccensis (bamboo shrimp) for a period of 12 days. The infectivity and amount of virus in water were calculated and were found to be significantly higher in water with A. moluccensis than in water without A. moluccensis. The study also showed that A. moluccensis can accumulate the virus mechanically which can infect chicken eggs up to 11 days. The virus transmission potential of A. moluccensis requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Pathak
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - H V Murugkar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (ICAR-NIHSAD), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - S Nagarajan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (ICAR-NIHSAD), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - R Sood
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (ICAR-NIHSAD), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - C Tosh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (ICAR-NIHSAD), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - M Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (ICAR-NIHSAD), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - C K Athira
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Praveen
- Veterinary Dispensary, Korukollu, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India
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23
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Vasudevan G, Vanamayya PR, Nagarajan S, Rajukumar K, Suba S, Venketash G, Tosh C, Sood R, Nissly RH, Kuchipudi SV. Infectious dose-dependent accumulation of live highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus in chicken skeletal muscle-implications for public health. Zoonoses Public Health 2017; 65:e243-e247. [PMID: 28941132 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) of H5N1 subtype are a major global threat to poultry and public health. Export of poultry products, such as chicken and duck meat, is a known source for the cross-boundary spread of HPAI H5N1 viruses. Humans get infected with HPAI H5N1 viruses either by close contact with infected poultry or through consumption of fresh/undercooked poultry meat. Skeletal muscle is the largest soft tissue in chicken that has been shown to contain virus during systemic HPAIV infection and supports productive virus infection. However, the time between infection of a chicken with H5N1 virus and presence of virus in muscle tissue is not yet known. Further, it is also not clear whether chicken infected with low doses of H5N1 virus that cause non-fatal subclinical infections continue to accumulate virus in skeletal muscle. We investigated the amount and duration of virus detection in skeletal muscle of chicken experimentally infected with different doses (102 , 103 and 104 EID50 ) of a HPAI H5N1 virus. Influenza viral antigen could be detected as early as 6 hr after infection and live virus was recovered from 48 hr after infection. Notably, chicken infected with lower levels of HPAI H5N1 virus (i.e., 102 EID50 ) did not die acutely, but continued to accumulate high levels of H5N1 virus in skeletal muscle until 6 days post-infection. Our data suggest that there is a potential risk of human exposure to H5N1 virus through meat from clinically healthy chicken infected with a low dose of virus. Our results highlight the need to implement rigorous monitoring systems to screen poultry meat from H5N1 endemic countries to limit the global spread of H5N1 viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vasudevan
- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.,Poultry Disease Diagnosis and Surveillance Laboratory, Veterinary College and Research Institute Campus, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P R Vanamayya
- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - S Nagarajan
- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - K Rajukumar
- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - S Suba
- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - G Venketash
- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - C Tosh
- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - R Sood
- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - R H Nissly
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - S V Kuchipudi
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Naresh-Kumar G, Vilalta-Clemente A, Jussila H, Winkelmann A, Nolze G, Vespucci S, Nagarajan S, Wilkinson AJ, Trager-Cowan C. Quantitative imaging of anti-phase domains by polarity sensitive orientation mapping using electron backscatter diffraction. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10916. [PMID: 28883500 PMCID: PMC5589861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced structural characterisation techniques which are rapid to use, non-destructive and structurally definitive on the nanoscale are in demand, especially for a detailed understanding of extended-defects and their influence on the properties of materials. We have applied the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique in a scanning electron microscope to non-destructively characterise and quantify antiphase domains (APDs) in GaP thin films grown on different (001) Si substrates with different offcuts. We were able to image and quantify APDs by relating the asymmetrical intensity distributions observed in the EBSD patterns acquired experimentally and comparing the same with the dynamical electron diffraction simulations. Additionally mean angular error maps were also plotted using automated cross-correlation based approaches to image APDs. Samples grown on substrates with a 4° offcut from the [110] do not show any APDs, whereas samples grown on the exactly oriented substrates contain APDs. The procedures described in our work can be adopted for characterising a wide range of other material systems possessing non-centrosymmetric point groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Naresh-Kumar
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 ONG, UK.
| | - A Vilalta-Clemente
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - H Jussila
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - A Winkelmann
- Bruker Nano GmbH, Am Studio 2D, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Nolze
- BAM, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Vespucci
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 ONG, UK
| | - S Nagarajan
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - A J Wilkinson
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - C Trager-Cowan
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 ONG, UK
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25
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Iyer L, Noack C, Nagarajan S, Woelfer M, Schoger E, Pang S, Kari V, Zafeiriou M, Toischer K, Hasenfuss G, Johnsen S, Zelarayan L. P4479B-catenin/TCF7L2 signaling orchestrates initiation of pathological hypertrophic cardiac remodeling by inducing chromatin modifications. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx504.p4479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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26
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Song T, Nairismagi M, Lim J, Nagarajan S, Pang J, Laurensia Y, Wijaya G, Jing T, Ong C. ONCOGENIC ACTIVATION OF STAT3 PATHWAY DRIVES PD-L1 EXPRESSION IN NATURAL KILLER/T CELL LYMPHOMA. Hematol Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.2438_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Song
- Division of Medical Oncology; National Cancer Centre Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - M. Nairismagi
- Division of Medical Oncology; National Cancer Centre Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - J. Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology; National Cancer Centre Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - S. Nagarajan
- Division of Medical Oncology; National Cancer Centre Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - J.W. Pang
- Division of Medical Oncology; National Cancer Centre Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - Y. Laurensia
- Division of Medical Oncology; National Cancer Centre Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - G.C. Wijaya
- Division of Medical Oncology; National Cancer Centre Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - T. Jing
- Division of Medical Oncology; National Cancer Centre Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - C. Ong
- Division of Medical Oncology; National Cancer Centre Singapore; Singapore Singapore
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27
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Reekhaye A, Sakthivel A, Nagarajan S, Gowda R. Metachronous bilateral testicular metastases from renal cell carcinoma: a case report. Journal of Clinical Urology 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2051415815607420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Reekhaye
- Department of Urology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - A Sakthivel
- Department of Urology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - S Nagarajan
- Department of Pathology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - R Gowda
- Department of Urology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
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28
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Nagarajan S, Deepthi K, Gowd EB. Structural evolution of poly(l-lactide) block upon heating of the glassy ABA triblock copolymers containing poly(l-lactide) A blocks. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
We present a case that we believe to be the largest mixed germ cell testicular tumour reported in the United Kingdom. A 23-year-old male was admitted to our urology department with a large scrotal swelling. The patient was found to have a giant left testicular tumour and a solitary lung metastasis at presentation. He underwent an emergency radical orchidectomy and subsequently received four cycles of bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin chemotherapy. Four months after starting treatment, the tumour markers had normalised and a repeat staging computed tomography showed no active disease. The tumour reached that size because of the patient's failure to seek medical attention due to fear and embarrassment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Reekhaye
- James Cook University Hospital , Middlesbrough , UK
| | - A Harris
- James Cook University Hospital , Middlesbrough , UK
| | - S Nagarajan
- James Cook University Hospital , Middlesbrough , UK
| | - D Chadwick
- James Cook University Hospital , Middlesbrough , UK
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30
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Wu H, Nagarajan S, Zhou L, Duan Y, Zhang J. Synthesis and characterization of cellulose nanocrystal-graft-poly(d-lactide) and its nanocomposite with poly(l-lactide). POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Thomas L, Fatah S, Nagarajan S, Taylor WD. An intensely itchy papular eruption. Clin Exp Dermatol 2016; 41:834-6. [PMID: 27663170 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Thomas
- Department of Dermatology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK.
| | - S Fatah
- Department of Dermatology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - S Nagarajan
- Department of Histopathology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - W D Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
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Kamali D, Sharpe A, Nagarajan S, Elsaify W. Non-functioning parathyroid adenoma: a rare differential diagnosis for vocal-cord paralysis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2016; 98:e94-6. [PMID: 27055408 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2016.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adenomas of the parathyroid gland typically present with symptoms of hyperparathyroidism, manifested by fatigue, bone pain, abdominal pain, weakness, dyspepsia, nephrolithiasis and skeletal bone disease. Here, we describe, for the first time, a case of a non-functioning benign tumour of the parathyroid gland presenting as vocal-cord paralysis. Case History A 49-year-old male presented with a 10-week history of dysphonia and the feeling of having 'something stuck in my throat'. History-taking elicited no other associated symptoms. Flexible nasal endoscopy demonstrated paralysis of the left vocal cord. Computed tomography of the neck revealed a cystic lesion, 18mm in diameter adjacent to the oesophagus. After more rigorous tests, a neck exploration, left hemithyroidectomy, excision of the left paratracheal mass and level-VI neck dissection was undertaken, without incident to the patient or surgical team. Histology was consistent with a parathyroid adenoma. Conclusions This case emphasises the importance of including adenomatous disease of the parathyroid gland in the differential diagnosis despite normal parathyroid status as a cause of vocal cord palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kamali
- James Cook University Hospital , UK
| | - A Sharpe
- James Cook University Hospital , UK
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Berman JI, Chudnovskaya D, Blaskey L, Kuschner E, Mukherjee P, Buckner R, Nagarajan S, Chung WK, Sherr EH, Roberts TPL. Relationship between M100 Auditory Evoked Response and Auditory Radiation Microstructure in 16p11.2 Deletion and Duplication Carriers. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 37:1178-84. [PMID: 26869473 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Deletion and duplication of chromosome 16p11.2 (BP4-BP5) have been associated with developmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders, and deletion subjects exhibit a large (20-ms) delay of the auditory evoked cortical response as measured by magnetoencephalography (M100 latency). The purpose of this study was to use a multimodal approach to test whether changes in white matter microstructure are associated with delayed M100 latency. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty pediatric deletion carriers, 9 duplication carriers, and 39 control children were studied with both magnetoencephalography and diffusion MR imaging. The M100 latency and auditory system DTI measures were compared between groups and tested for correlation. RESULTS In controls, white matter diffusivity significantly correlated with the speed of the M100 response. However, the relationship between structure and function appeared uncoupled in 16p11.2 copy number variation carriers. The alterations to auditory system white matter microstructure in the 16p11.2 deletion only partially accounted for the 20-ms M100 delay. Although both duplication and deletion groups exhibit abnormal white matter microstructure, only the deletion group has delayed M100 latency. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that gene dosage impacts factors other than white matter microstructure, which modulate conduction velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Berman
- From the Department of Radiology (J.I.B., D.C., L.B., E.K., T.P.L.R.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Department of Radiology (J.I.B., T.P.L.R.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - D Chudnovskaya
- From the Department of Radiology (J.I.B., D.C., L.B., E.K., T.P.L.R.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - L Blaskey
- From the Department of Radiology (J.I.B., D.C., L.B., E.K., T.P.L.R.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - E Kuschner
- From the Department of Radiology (J.I.B., D.C., L.B., E.K., T.P.L.R.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - R Buckner
- Department of Psychology (R.B.), Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - S Nagarajan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (S.N., W.K.C.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - W K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (S.N., W.K.C.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - E H Sherr
- Neurology (E.H.S.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - T P L Roberts
- From the Department of Radiology (J.I.B., D.C., L.B., E.K., T.P.L.R.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Department of Radiology (J.I.B., T.P.L.R.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Nairismägi ML, Tan J, Lim JQ, Nagarajan S, Ng CCY, Rajasegaran V, Huang D, Lim WK, Laurensia Y, Wijaya GC, Li ZM, Cutcutache I, Pang WL, Thangaraju S, Ha J, Khoo LP, Chin ST, Dey S, Poore G, Tan LHC, Koh HKM, Sabai K, Rao HL, Chuah KL, Ho YH, Ng SB, Chuang SS, Zhang F, Liu YH, Pongpruttipan T, Ko YH, Cheah PL, Karim N, Chng WJ, Tang T, Tao M, Tay K, Farid M, Quek R, Rozen SG, Tan P, Teh BT, Lim ST, Tan SY, Ong CK. JAK-STAT and G-protein-coupled receptor signaling pathways are frequently altered in epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma. Leukemia 2016; 30:1311-9. [PMID: 26854024 PMCID: PMC4895162 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (EITL, also known as type II enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma) is an aggressive intestinal disease with poor prognosis and its molecular alterations have not been comprehensively characterized. We aimed to identify actionable easy-to-screen alterations that would allow better diagnostics and/or treatment of this deadly disease. By performing whole-exome sequencing of four EITL tumor-normal pairs, followed by amplicon deep sequencing of 42 tumor samples, frequent alterations of the JAK-STAT and G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways were discovered in a large portion of samples. Specifically, STAT5B was mutated in a remarkable 63% of cases, JAK3 in 35% and GNAI2 in 24%, with the majority occurring at known activating hotspots in key functional domains. Moreover, STAT5B locus carried copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity resulting in the duplication of the mutant copy, suggesting the importance of mutant STAT5B dosage for the development of EITL. Dysregulation of the JAK-STAT and GPCR pathways was also supported by gene expression profiling and further verified in patient tumor samples. In vitro overexpression of GNAI2 mutants led to the upregulation of pERK1/2, a member of MEK-ERK pathway. Notably, inhibitors of both JAK-STAT and MEK-ERK pathways effectively reduced viability of patient-derived primary EITL cells, indicating potential therapeutic strategies for this neoplasm with no effective treatment currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-L Nairismägi
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Tan
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Q Lim
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Nagarajan
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - C C Y Ng
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - V Rajasegaran
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - D Huang
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - W K Lim
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Y Laurensia
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - G C Wijaya
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Z M Li
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - I Cutcutache
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - W L Pang
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Thangaraju
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Ha
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - L P Khoo
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S T Chin
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Dey
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - G Poore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - L H C Tan
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H K M Koh
- Advanced Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Singapore Health Services, Singapore, Singapore
| | - K Sabai
- Advanced Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Singapore Health Services, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H-L Rao
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - K L Chuah
- Department of Pathology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Y-H Ho
- Department of Pathology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S-B Ng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S-S Chuang
- Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University and National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - F Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y-H Liu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - T Pongpruttipan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Y H Ko
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - P-L Cheah
- Department of Pathology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N Karim
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ipoh, Malaysia
| | - W-J Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - T Tang
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Tao
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - K Tay
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Farid
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - R Quek
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S G Rozen
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - P Tan
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - B T Teh
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S T Lim
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S-Y Tan
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pathology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - C K Ong
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Redda YT, Venkatesh G, Kalaiyarasu S, Bhatia S, Kumar DS, Nagarajan S, Pillai A, Tripathi S, Kulkarni DD, Dubey SC. Expression and purification of recombinant H5HA1 protein of H5N1 avian influenza virus in E. coli and its application in indirect ELISA. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2016; 37:346-58. [PMID: 26829111 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2015.1135160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The PCR amplified HA1 fragment of H5N1 (H5HA1) avian influenza virus (AIV) hemagglutinin gene was cloned into pET28a (+) expression vector and expressed in Rosetta Blue (DE3) pLysS cells. The recombinant H5HA1 (rH5HA1) protein purified by passive gel elution after SDS-PAGE of the inclusion bodies reacted specifically with H5N1 serum in Western blot analysis. A subtype specific indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) using the rH5HA1 protein as the coating antigen was developed for detecting antibodies to H5 subtype of AIV. The assay had 89.04% sensitivity and 95.95% specificity when compared with haemagglutination inhibition test. The Kappa value of 0.842 indicated a perfect agreement between the tests. The iELISA developed can be used for serosurveillance of avian influenza in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Redda
- a ICAR - National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases , Anand Nagar, Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - G Venkatesh
- a ICAR - National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases , Anand Nagar, Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - S Kalaiyarasu
- a ICAR - National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases , Anand Nagar, Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - S Bhatia
- a ICAR - National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases , Anand Nagar, Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - D Senthil Kumar
- a ICAR - National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases , Anand Nagar, Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - S Nagarajan
- a ICAR - National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases , Anand Nagar, Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - A Pillai
- a ICAR - National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases , Anand Nagar, Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - S Tripathi
- a ICAR - National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases , Anand Nagar, Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - D D Kulkarni
- a ICAR - National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases , Anand Nagar, Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - S C Dubey
- a ICAR - National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases , Anand Nagar, Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
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36
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Nan F, Chen Q, Liu P, Nagarajan S, Duan Y, Zhang J. Iridescent graphene/cellulose nanocrystal film with water response and highly electrical conductivity. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20133d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The co-assembly of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and thermal reduced graphene (TRG) leads to composite films with highly ordered, layered structures at submicrometer level, which can be reversibly changed by the hydration or dehydration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchun Nan
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Qingdao University of Science & Technology
- Qingdao City 266042
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Qingdao University of Science & Technology
- Qingdao City 266042
| | - Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Qingdao University of Science & Technology
- Qingdao City 266042
| | - S. Nagarajan
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Qingdao University of Science & Technology
- Qingdao City 266042
| | - Yongxin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Qingdao University of Science & Technology
- Qingdao City 266042
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Qingdao University of Science & Technology
- Qingdao City 266042
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Jacob A, Sood R, Chanu KV, Bhatia S, Khandia R, Pateriya AK, Nagarajan S, Dimri U, Kulkarni DD. Amantadine resistance among highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (H5N1) isolated from India. Microb Pathog 2015; 91:35-40. [PMID: 26639679 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Emergence of antiviral resistance among H5N1 avian influenza viruses is the major challenge in the control of pandemic influenza. Matrix 2 (M2) inhibitors (amantadine and rimantadine) and neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir and zanamivir) are the two classes of antiviral agents that are specifically active against influenza viruses and are used for both treatment and prophylaxis of influenza infections. Amantadine targets the M2 ion channel of influenza A virus and interrupts virus life cycle through blockade of hydrogen ion influx. This prevents uncoating of the virus in infected host cells which impedes the release of ribonucleoprotein required for transcription and replication of virion in the nucleus. The present study was carried out to review the status of amantadine resistance in H5N1 viruses isolated from India and to study their replicative capability. Results of the study revealed resistance to amantadine in antiviral assay among four H5N1 viruses out of which two viruses had Serine 31 Asparagine (AGT-AAT i.e., S31N) mutation and two had Valine 27 Alanine (GTT-GCT i.e., V27A) mutation. The four resistant viruses not only exhibited significant difference in effective concentration 50% (EC50) values of amantadine hydrochloride from that of susceptible viruses (P < 0.0001) but also showed significant difference between two different types (S31N and V27A) of mutant viruses (P < 0.05). Resistance to amantadine could also be demonstrated in a simple HA test after replication of the viruses in MDCK cells in presence of amantadine. The study identifies the correlation between in vitro antiviral assay and presence of established molecular markers of resistance, the retention of replicative capacity in the presence of amantadine hydrochloride by the resistant viruses and the emergence of resistant mutations against amantadine among avian influenza viruses (H5N1) without selective drug pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Jacob
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Anand Nagar, Bhopal 462022, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Richa Sood
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Anand Nagar, Bhopal 462022, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Kh Victoria Chanu
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Anand Nagar, Bhopal 462022, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Bhatia
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Anand Nagar, Bhopal 462022, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Anand Nagar, Bhopal 462022, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - A K Pateriya
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Anand Nagar, Bhopal 462022, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - S Nagarajan
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Anand Nagar, Bhopal 462022, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - U Dimri
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D D Kulkarni
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Anand Nagar, Bhopal 462022, Madhya Pradesh, India
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38
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Deek M, Nagarajan S, Kim S, Ahmed I, Paul S, Scher E, Listo M, Chen A, Aisner J, Hussain S, Haffty B, Jabbour S. Clinical Characteristics and Dose Volume Histogram Parameters Associated With Pleural Effusion in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With Chemoradiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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39
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Nagarajan S, Gowd EB. Cold Crystallization of PDMS and PLLA in Poly(l-lactide-b-dimethylsiloxane-b-l-lactide) Triblock Copolymer and Their Effect on Nanostructure Morphology. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Nagarajan
- Materials
Science and Technology
Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695 019 Kerala, India
| | - E. Bhoje Gowd
- Materials
Science and Technology
Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695 019 Kerala, India
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40
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Fazal E, Panicker CY, Varghese HT, Nagarajan S, Sudha BS, War JA, Srivastava SK, Harikumar B, Anto PL. Spectroscopic investigation (FT-IR, FT-Raman), HOMO-LUMO, NBO analysis and molecular docking study of 4-chlorophenyl quinoline-2-carboxylate. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 145:260-269. [PMID: 25791883 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of 4-chlorophenyl quinoline-2-carboxylate were recorded and analyzed. The vibrational wavenumbers were computed using DFT quantum chemical calculations. The data obtained from wavenumber calculations are used to assign vibrational bands obtained experimentally. Potential energy distribution was done using GAR2PED program. The geometrical parameters obtained theoretically are in agreement with the XRD data. NBO analysis, HOMO-LUMO, first hyperpolarizability and molecular electrostatic potential results are also reported. The calculated hyperpolarizability of the title compound is 77.53 times that of the standard NLO material urea and the title compound and its derivatives are attractive object for future studies of nonlinear optical properties. Molecular docking results suggest that the compound might exhibit inhibitory activity against GPb.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fazal
- Department of Chemistry, Yuvaraja's College, Mysore, India
| | - C Yohannan Panicker
- Department of Physics, TKM College of Arts and Science, Kollam, Kerala, India.
| | | | - S Nagarajan
- Department of Spice and Flavour Science, CSIR Central Food Technology Research Institute, Mysore, India
| | - B S Sudha
- Department of Chemistry, Yuvaraja's College, Mysore, India
| | - Javeed Ahamad War
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. H.S. Gour Central University, Sagar, M.P. 470003, India
| | - S K Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. H.S. Gour Central University, Sagar, M.P. 470003, India
| | - B Harikumar
- Department of Chemistry, TKM College of Arts and Science, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - P L Anto
- Department of Physics, Christ College, Iringalakkuda, Thrissur, Kerala, India
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41
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Fazal E, Panicker CY, Varghese HT, Nagarajan S, Sudha BS, War JA, Srivastava SK, Harikumar B, Anto PL. Vibrational spectroscopic and molecular docking study of 4-Methylphenylquinoline-2-carboxylate. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 143:213-222. [PMID: 25733248 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of 4-Methylphenylquinoline-2-carboxylate were recorded and analyzed. The structure of the molecule has been optimized and structural characteristics have been determined by density functional theory. The geometrical parameters (DFT) are in agreement with the XRD results. HOMO and LUMO and other chemical properties are reported. Nonlinear optical properties are also reported. A detailed molecular picture of the title compound and its interactions were obtained from NBO analysis. The negative (red and yellow) regions of the MEP are related to electrophilic reactivity and the positive (blue) regions to nucleophilic reactivity, as shown in the MEP plot and the carbonyl group and the phenyl rings are observed as electrophilic. PASS analysis predicts that the 4-Methylphenylquinoline-2-carboxylate might exhibit anti-diabetic activity. Molecular docking results suggest that the compound might exhibit inhibitory activity against GPb.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fazal
- Department of Chemistry, Yuvaraja's College, Mysore, India
| | - C Yohannan Panicker
- Department of Physics, TKM College of Arts and Science, Kollam, Kerala, India.
| | | | - S Nagarajan
- Department of Spice and Flavour Science, CSIR-Central Food Technology Research Institute, Mysore, India
| | - B S Sudha
- Department of Chemistry, Yuvaraja's College, Mysore, India
| | - Javeed Ahamad War
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. H.S. Gour Central University, Sagar, M.P. 470003, India
| | - S K Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. H.S. Gour Central University, Sagar, M.P. 470003, India
| | - B Harikumar
- Department of Chemistry, TKM College of Arts and Science, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - P L Anto
- Department of Physics, Christ College, Iringalakkuda, Thrissur, Kerala, India
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42
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Thomas L, Fatah S, Nagarajan S, Natarajan S. Eosinophilic annular erythema: successful response to ultraviolet B therapy. Clin Exp Dermatol 2015; 40:883-6. [PMID: 25958878 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic annular erythema (EAE) is a rare and relatively newly described eosinophil-rich dermatosis. Debate still exists as to whether it represent a subtype of Well syndrome or a separate disease entity. We report an 8-year-old boy with a 4-year history of recurrent, asymptomatic annular lesions, which were diagnosed after clincopathological correlation as EAE. This condition usually runs a relapsing and remitting course with resistance to multiple treatments. Prednisolone and hydroxychloroquine have been reported as successful but the response to these was limited in this case. Complete resolution occurred after treatment with ultraviolet B (UVB) therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a favourable response of EAE to such therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Thomas
- Department of Dermatology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - S Fatah
- Department of Dermatology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - S Nagarajan
- Department of Histopathology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - S Natarajan
- Department of Dermatology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
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43
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Nagarajan S, Choi MJ, Cho YS, Min SJ, Keum G, Kim SJ, Lee CS, Pae AN. Tubulin Inhibitor Identification by Bioactive Conformation Alignment Pharmacophore-Guided Virtual Screening. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:998-1016. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanthi Nagarajan
- Center for Neuro-Medicine; Brain Science Institute; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Hwarangno 14-gil 5 Seongbuk-gu Seoul 136-791 Korea
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Korea University of Science and Technology; 52 Eoeun dong Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-333 Korea
| | - Min Jeong Choi
- Center for Neuro-Medicine; Brain Science Institute; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Hwarangno 14-gil 5 Seongbuk-gu Seoul 136-791 Korea
- Chemistry & Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; 11-1 Daehyun-Dong Seodaemun-Gu Seoul 120-750 Korea
| | - Yong Seo Cho
- Center for Neuro-Medicine; Brain Science Institute; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Hwarangno 14-gil 5 Seongbuk-gu Seoul 136-791 Korea
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Korea University of Science and Technology; 52 Eoeun dong Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-333 Korea
| | - Sun-Joon Min
- Center for Neuro-Medicine; Brain Science Institute; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Hwarangno 14-gil 5 Seongbuk-gu Seoul 136-791 Korea
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Korea University of Science and Technology; 52 Eoeun dong Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-333 Korea
| | - Gyochang Keum
- Center for Neuro-Medicine; Brain Science Institute; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Hwarangno 14-gil 5 Seongbuk-gu Seoul 136-791 Korea
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Korea University of Science and Technology; 52 Eoeun dong Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-333 Korea
| | - Soo Jin Kim
- Chong Kun Dang Research Institute; CKD Pharmaceuticals; Jung-dong Giheung-gu Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do 464-3 Korea
| | - Chang Sik Lee
- Chong Kun Dang Research Institute; CKD Pharmaceuticals; Jung-dong Giheung-gu Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do 464-3 Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Center for Neuro-Medicine; Brain Science Institute; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Hwarangno 14-gil 5 Seongbuk-gu Seoul 136-791 Korea
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Korea University of Science and Technology; 52 Eoeun dong Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-333 Korea
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44
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Suba S, Nagarajan S, Saxena VK, Kumar M, Vanamayya PR, Rajukumar K, Gowthaman V, Jain V, Singh DP, Dubey SC. Pathology of a H5N1, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, in two Indian native chicken breeds and a synthetic broiler line. Indian J Exp Biol 2015; 53:202-207. [PMID: 26011980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, susceptibility to H5N1 virus infection was studied in two Indian native chicken breeds viz. Kadaknath and Aseel (Peela) and an Indian synthetic broiler strain (Synthetic dam line (SDL-IC). Fifty birds from each genetic group were infected intra-nasally with 1000 EID50 of a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) strain A/chicken/Navapur/India/7972/ 06 (H5N1) and observed for a period of 10 days. Significant differences in severity of clinical signs, gross lesions and time for onset of symptoms were observed. The overall severity of clinical signs and gross lesions was less in SDL-IC broilers as compared to the other two genetic groups. The mortality percentages were 100, 98 and 92% with Mean Death Time (MDT) of 3.12, 5.92 and 6.96 days, respectively for the two native breeds Kadaknath and Aseel (Peela), the and SDL-IC broiler strain. Comparison of histological lesions revealed differences in disease progression among the genetic groups. Vascular lesions such as disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) were predominant on 3 days post infection (dpi) in Kadaknath, and on 5 and 6 dpi in Aseel (Peela) and SDL-IC broiler. The mean log2 HA titres of the re-isolated virus from various organs of H5N1 AIV infected birds of the three genetic groups ranged from 2.32 (lung, trachea and bursa) to 5.04 (spleen) in Kadaknath; 2.32 (lung) to 6.68 (brain) in Aseel (Peela); and 2.06 (liver) to 7.01 (lungs and kidney) in SDL-IC broiler. These results suggest that the susceptibility to H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection differed among the three breeds; Kadaknath being highest followed by Aseel (Peela) and synthetic SDL-IC broiler. This is possibly the first report on the differences in the susceptibility of the India native breeds to H5N1 virus infection and its severity.
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45
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Nagarajan S, Shaikh TM, Kandasamy E. An ionic liquid catalyzed reusable protocol for one-pot synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one under mild conditions. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01545f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article describes an efficient protocol for the syntheses of 2,3-dihydroquinazolinones. The synthetic utility of this methodology has been demonstrated with 30 different substrates. The reaction showed good functional group tolerance and high levels of catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Nagarajan
- Department of Chemistry
- Vel Tech University
- Chennai 610062
- India
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46
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Dash S, Kumar M, Kataria J, Tosh C, Murugkar H, Rajukumar K, Kulkarni D, Nagarajan S. Experimental assessment of pathogenicity and infectivity of H9N2 influenza virus isolated from a natural outbreak. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5958/0973-970x.2015.00053.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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47
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Kayalvizhi M, Vakees E, Suresh J, Nagarajan S, Arun A. Spacer length controlled highly thermo reversible polyurethane-urea based on polystyrene: synthesis and crystallization studies. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Kayalvizhi
- P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry; Government Arts College; Tiruvannamalai 606603 Tamil Nadu India
| | - E. Vakees
- P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry; Government Arts College; Tiruvannamalai 606603 Tamil Nadu India
| | - J. Suresh
- P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry; Government Arts College; Tiruvannamalai 606603 Tamil Nadu India
| | - S. Nagarajan
- Central Leather Research Institute; Adyar Chennai 600 020 Tamil Nadu India
| | - A. Arun
- P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry; Government Arts College; Tiruvannamalai 606603 Tamil Nadu India
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48
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Meyer F, Blum M, Benkert A, Hauschild D, Nagarajan S, Wilks RG, Andersson J, Yang W, Zharnikov M, Bär M, Heske C, Reinert F, Weinhardt L. “Building Block Picture” of the Electronic Structure of Aqueous Cysteine Derived from Resonant Inelastic Soft X-ray Scattering. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:13142-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5089417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Meyer
- Experimentelle
Physik VII, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - M. Blum
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland
Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4003, United States
| | - A. Benkert
- Experimentelle
Physik VII, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - D. Hauschild
- Experimentelle
Physik VII, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - S. Nagarajan
- Angewandte
Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, INF 253,69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R. G. Wilks
- Solar
Energy Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Andersson
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - W. Yang
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron
Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - M. Zharnikov
- Angewandte
Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, INF 253,69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Bär
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland
Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4003, United States
- Solar
Energy Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Institut
für Physik und Chemie, Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg, Platz der Deutschen Einheit 1, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - C. Heske
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland
Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4003, United States
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 18/20, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F. Reinert
- Experimentelle
Physik VII, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - L. Weinhardt
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland
Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4003, United States
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 18/20, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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49
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Vakees E, Suresh J, Kayalvizhi M, Nagarajan S, Arun A. Highly Solvent-Resistant Polystyrene Based on Uniform Tetraamide Units. Adv Polym Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Vakees
- P. G. and Research Department of Chemistry; Government Arts College; Tiruvannamalai 606 603 India
| | - J. Suresh
- P. G. and Research Department of Chemistry; Government Arts College; Tiruvannamalai 606 603 India
| | - M. Kayalvizhi
- P. G. and Research Department of Chemistry; Government Arts College; Tiruvannamalai 606 603 India
| | - S. Nagarajan
- Central Leather Research Institute; Adyar; Chennai 600 020 India
| | - A. Arun
- P. G. and Research Department of Chemistry; Government Arts College; Tiruvannamalai 606 603 India
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50
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Priyanka D, Sindhoora S, Vijayanand P, Kulkarni SG, Nagarajan S. Influence of thermal processing on the volatile constituents of muskmelon puree. J Food Sci Technol 2014; 52:3111-6. [PMID: 25892817 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L) is an important tropical fruit cultivated widely in different parts of India. Fresh muskmelon has a delicate but characteristic flavor rendering the fruit with highly acceptable flavor. Processing and preservation of muskmelon puree requires thermal processing, which affects the volatile constituents. It is imperative to understand the flavor changes during thermal processing which would affect the quality of the processed and packed muskmelon puree. Muskmelon puree was subjected to different methods of thermal processing viz., heating, canning and packing in retort pouches and the volatile constituents were analyzed. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) indicated the presence of more than 49 volatile components in the muskmelon puree samples. Major volatile components identified using GC-MS analysis showed the presence of esters (27.29 %), aldehydes (18.57 %), Heterocyclic compounds (16.63 %), aliphatic alcohols (11.72 %), phenolic compounds (6.03 %) and sesquiterpenes (0.25 %) in the fresh samples. Aldehydes decreased and ester content increased in thermally processed muskmelon puree packed in cans and retort pouches. Aliphatic alcohols, Heterocyclic compounds and phenolic compounds decreased in puree processed in tin containers and retort pouches.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Priyanka
- Fruit and Vegetable Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 Karnataka India
| | - S Sindhoora
- Fruit and Vegetable Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 Karnataka India
| | - P Vijayanand
- Fruit and Vegetable Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 Karnataka India
| | - S G Kulkarni
- Fruit and Vegetable Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 Karnataka India
| | - S Nagarajan
- Plantation products, Spices and Flavor Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 Karnataka India
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