1
|
Sunil HS, O'Donnell KA. Capturing heterogeneity in PDX models: representation matters. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4652. [PMID: 38821926 PMCID: PMC11143235 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47607-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hari Shankar Sunil
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kathryn A O'Donnell
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li H, Wang D, Ho CW, Shan D. Bibliometric analysis of global research on human organoids. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27627. [PMID: 38515710 PMCID: PMC10955235 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence and rapid development of human organoids have provided the possibility to replace animal models in treating human diseases. Intelligence studies help focus on research hotspots and address key mechanistic issues. Currently, few comprehensive studies describe the characteristics of human organoid research. In this study, we extracted 8,591 original articles on organoids from the Web of Science core collection database over the past two decades and conducted intelligence analysis using CiteSpace. The number of publications in this field has experienced rapid growth in the last ten years (almost 70-fold increase since 2009). The United States, China, Germany, Netherlands, and UK have strong collaborations in publishing articles. Clevers Hans, Van Der Laan, Jason R Spence, and Sato Toshiro have made significant contributions to advancing progress in this field. Clustering and burst analysis categorized research hotspots into tissue model and functional construction, intercellular signaling, immune mechanisms, and tumor metastasis. Organoid research in highly cited articles covers four major areas: basic research (38%), involving stem cell developmental processes and cell-cell interactions; biobanking (10%), with a focus on organoid cultivation; precision medicine (16%), emphasizing cell therapy and drug development; and disease modeling (36%), including pathogen analysis and screening for disease-related genetic variations. The main obstacles currently faced in organoid research include cost and technology, vascularization of cells, immune system establishment, international standard protocols, and limited availability of high-quality clinical trial data. Future research will focus on cost-saving measures, technology sharing, development of international standards, and conducting high-level clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Daofeng Wang
- Sports Medicine Service, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, No. 31, Xinjiekou East Street, Beijing, 10035, China
| | - Cheong Wong Ho
- Clinical Science Institute, University Hospital Galway, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - Dan Shan
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zheng Q, Zhang B, Li C, Zhang X. Overcome Drug Resistance in Cholangiocarcinoma: New Insight Into Mechanisms and Refining the Preclinical Experiment Models. Front Oncol 2022; 12:850732. [PMID: 35372014 PMCID: PMC8970309 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.850732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive tumor characterized by a poor prognosis. Therapeutic options are limited in patients with advanced stage of CCA, as a result of the intrinsic or acquired resistance to currently available chemotherapeutic agents, and the lack of new drugs entering into clinical application. The challenge in translating basic research to the clinical setting, caused by preclinical models not being able to recapitulate the tumor characteristics of the patient, seems to be an important reason for the lack of effective and specific therapies for CCA. So, there seems to be two ways to improve patient outcomes. The first one is developing the combination therapies based on a better understanding of the mechanisms contributing to the resistance to currently available chemotherapeutic agents. The second one is developing novel preclinical experimental models that better recapitulate the genetic and histopathological features of the primary tumor, facilitating the screening of new drugs for CCA patients. In this review, we discussed the evidence implicating the mechanisms underlying treatment resistance to currently investigated drugs, and the development of preclinical experiment models for CCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingfan Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changfeng Li
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ali Z, Vildevall M, Rodriguez GV, Tandiono D, Vamvakaris I, Evangelou G, Lolas G, Syrigos KN, Villanueva A, Wick M, Omar S, Erkstam A, Schueler J, Fahlgren A, Jensen LD. Zebrafish patient-derived xenograft models predict lymph node involvement and treatment outcome in non-small cell lung cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:58. [PMID: 35139880 PMCID: PMC8827197 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate predictions of tumor dissemination risks and medical treatment outcomes are critical to personalize therapy. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models in mice have demonstrated high accuracy in predicting therapeutic outcomes, but methods for predicting tumor invasiveness and early stages of vascular/lymphatic dissemination are still lacking. Here we show that a zebrafish tumor xenograft (ZTX) platform based on implantation of PDX tissue fragments recapitulate both treatment outcome and tumor invasiveness/dissemination in patients, within an assay time of only 3 days. Methods Using a panel of 39 non-small cell lung cancer PDX models, we developed a combined mouse-zebrafish PDX platform based on direct implantation of cryopreserved PDX tissue fragments into zebrafish embryos, without the need for pre-culturing or expansion. Clinical proof-of-principle was established by direct implantation of tumor samples from four patients. Results The resulting ZTX models responded to Erlotinib and Paclitaxel, with similar potency as in mouse-PDX models and the patients themselves, and resistant tumors similarly failed to respond to these drugs in the ZTX system. Drug response was coupled to elevated expression of EGFR, Mdm2, Ptch1 and Tsc1 (Erlotinib), or Nras and Ptch1 (Paclitaxel) and reduced expression of Egfr, Erbb2 and Foxa (Paclitaxel). Importantly, ZTX models retained the invasive phenotypes of the tumors and predicted lymph node involvement of the patients with 91% sensitivity and 62% specificity, which was superior to clinically used tests. The biopsies from all four patient tested implanted successfully, and treatment outcome and dissemination were quantified for all patients in only 3 days. Conclusions We conclude that the ZTX platform provide a fast, accurate, and clinically relevant system for evaluation of treatment outcome and invasion/dissemination of PDX models, providing an attractive platform for combined mouse-zebrafish PDX trials and personalized medicine. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02280-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Georgios Evangelou
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Laboratory, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Lolas
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Laboratory, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,InCELLiA P.C, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos N Syrigos
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Laboratory, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alberto Villanueva
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Oncobell Program, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Xenopat S.L., Parc Cientific de Barcelona (PCB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Shenga Omar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Campus US, Entrance 68, Pl. 08, SE-58185, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | | | - Anna Fahlgren
- BioReperia AB, Linköping, Sweden.,Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linöping, Sweden
| | - Lasse D Jensen
- BioReperia AB, Linköping, Sweden. .,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Campus US, Entrance 68, Pl. 08, SE-58185, Linköping, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Letai A, Bhola P, Welm AL. Functional precision oncology: Testing tumors with drugs to identify vulnerabilities and novel combinations. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:26-35. [PMID: 34951956 PMCID: PMC8752507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Functional precision medicine is a strategy whereby live tumor cells from affected individuals are directly perturbed with drugs to provide immediately translatable, personalized information to guide therapy. The heterogeneity of human cancer has led to the realization that personalized approaches are needed to improve treatment outcomes. Precision oncology has traditionally used static features of the tumor to dictate which therapies should be used. Static features can include expression of key targets or genomic analysis of mutations to identify therapeutically targetable "drivers." Although a surprisingly small proportion of individuals derive clinical benefit from the static approach, functional precision medicine can provide additional information regarding tumor vulnerabilities. We discuss emerging technologies for functional precision medicine as well as limitations and challenges in using these assays in the clinical trials that will be necessary to determine whether functional precision medicine can improve outcomes and eventually become a standard tool in clinical oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Letai
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Patrick Bhola
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alana L Welm
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Raghavan S, Winter PS, Navia AW, Williams HL, DenAdel A, Lowder KE, Galvez-Reyes J, Kalekar RL, Mulugeta N, Kapner KS, Raghavan MS, Borah AA, Liu N, Väyrynen SA, Costa AD, Ng RW, Wang J, Hill EK, Ragon DY, Brais LK, Jaeger AM, Spurr LF, Li YY, Cherniack AD, Booker MA, Cohen EF, Tolstorukov MY, Wakiro I, Rotem A, Johnson BE, McFarland JM, Sicinska ET, Jacks TE, Sullivan RJ, Shapiro GI, Clancy TE, Perez K, Rubinson DA, Ng K, Cleary JM, Crawford L, Manalis SR, Nowak JA, Wolpin BM, Hahn WC, Aguirre AJ, Shalek AK. Microenvironment drives cell state, plasticity, and drug response in pancreatic cancer. Cell 2021; 184:6119-6137.e26. [PMID: 34890551 PMCID: PMC8822455 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Prognostically relevant RNA expression states exist in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but our understanding of their drivers, stability, and relationship to therapeutic response is limited. To examine these attributes systematically, we profiled metastatic biopsies and matched organoid models at single-cell resolution. In vivo, we identify a new intermediate PDAC transcriptional cell state and uncover distinct site- and state-specific tumor microenvironments (TMEs). Benchmarking models against this reference map, we reveal strong culture-specific biases in cancer cell transcriptional state representation driven by altered TME signals. We restore expression state heterogeneity by adding back in vivo-relevant factors and show plasticity in culture models. Further, we prove that non-genetic modulation of cell state can strongly influence drug responses, uncovering state-specific vulnerabilities. This work provides a broadly applicable framework for aligning cell states across in vivo and ex vivo settings, identifying drivers of transcriptional plasticity and manipulating cell state to target associated vulnerabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srivatsan Raghavan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Peter S. Winter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,These authors contributed equally,Correspondence: (P.S.W.), (A.J.A.), (A.K.S.)
| | - Andrew W. Navia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Hannah L. Williams
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Alan DenAdel
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA,Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Kristen E. Lowder
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jennyfer Galvez-Reyes
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Radha L. Kalekar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nolawit Mulugeta
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kevin S. Kapner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Manisha S. Raghavan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ashir A. Borah
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nuo Liu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sara A. Väyrynen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andressa Dias Costa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Raymond W.S. Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Junning Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Emma K. Hill
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dorisanne Y. Ragon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lauren K. Brais
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alex M. Jaeger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Liam F. Spurr
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yvonne Y. Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Andrew D. Cherniack
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew A. Booker
- Department of Informatics and Analytics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Elizabeth F. Cohen
- Department of Informatics and Analytics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michael Y. Tolstorukov
- Department of Informatics and Analytics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Isaac Wakiro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Asaf Rotem
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Center for Cancer Genomics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bruce E. Johnson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Center for Cancer Genomics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Ewa T. Sicinska
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tyler E. Jacks
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ryan J. Sullivan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Geoffrey I. Shapiro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas E. Clancy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kimberly Perez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Douglas A. Rubinson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James M. Cleary
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lorin Crawford
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA,Microsoft Research New England, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Scott R. Manalis
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Nowak
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Center for Cancer Genomics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian M. Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,These authors contributed equally,Senior author
| | - William C. Hahn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,These authors contributed equally,Senior author
| | - Andrew J. Aguirre
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,These authors contributed equally,Senior author,Correspondence: (P.S.W.), (A.J.A.), (A.K.S.)
| | - Alex K. Shalek
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,These authors contributed equally,Senior author,Lead contact,Correspondence: (P.S.W.), (A.J.A.), (A.K.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhuo J, Lu D, Wang J, Lian Z, Zhang J, Li H, Cen B, Wei X, Wei Q, Xie H, Xu X. Molecular phenotypes reveal heterogeneous engraftments of patient-derived hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts. Chin J Cancer Res 2021; 33:470-479. [PMID: 34584372 PMCID: PMC8435819 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2021.04.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models provide a promising preclinical platform for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular features associated with successful engraftment of PDX models have not been revealed. Methods HCC tumor samples from 76 patients were implanted in immunodeficient mice. The molecular expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Patient and tumor characteristics as well as tumor molecular expressions were compared for PDX engraftment using the Chi-square test. The independent prediction parameters were identified by logistic regression analyses. Results The engraftment rate for PDX models from patients with HCC was 39.47% (30/76). Tumors from younger patients and patients with elevated preoperative alpha-fetoprotein level had higher engraftment rates. Tumors with poor differentiation and vascular invasion were related to engraftment success. The positive expression of CK19, CD133, glypican-3 (GPC3), and Ki67 in tumor samples was associated with engraftment success. Logistic regression analyses indicated that GPC3 and Ki67 were two of the strongest predictors of PDX engraftment. Tumors with GPC3/Ki67 phenotypes showed heterogeneous engraftment rates, with 71.9% in GPC3+/Ki67+ tumors, 30.8% in GPC3−/Ki67+ tumors, 15.0% in GPC3+/Ki67− tumors, and 0 in GPC3−/Ki67− tumors.
Conclusions Successful engraftment of HCC PDXs was significantly related to molecular features. Tumors with the GPC3+/Ki67+ phenotype were the most likely to successfully establish HCC PDXs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Zhuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Di Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Huihui Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Beini Cen
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xuyong Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Colon-Otero G, Zanfagnin V, Hou X, Foster NR, Asmus EJ, Wahner Hendrickson A, Jatoi A, Block MS, Langstraat CL, Glaser GE, Dinh TA, Robertson MW, Camoriano JK, Butler KA, Copland JA, Weroha SJ. Phase II trial of ribociclib and letrozole in patients with relapsed oestrogen receptor-positive ovarian or endometrial cancers. ESMO Open 2021; 5:e000926. [PMID: 33109627 PMCID: PMC7592247 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We describe a phase II clinical trial of the combination of ribociclib and letrozole for treatment of relapsed oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive ovarian cancer (OC) and endometrial cancer (EC). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients alive, progression-free survival (PFS), and still on treatment at 12 weeks (PFS12), with 45% or greater considered positive. Methods Patients with measurable, relapsed ER-positive OC or EC (platinum-sensitive or resistant) were eligible and treated with 400 mg of oral ribociclib and 2.5 mg of oral letrozole daily. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) were created from imaging-guided tumour biopsies. Results Forty patients (20 OC and 20 EC) were enrolled. A PFS12 of 55% was observed in the EC cohort and 50% in the OC cohort. A PFS greater or equal to 24 weeks (PFS24) was seen in 20% (4/20) of the OC cohort and 35% (7/20) of the EC cohort. The greatest benefit was seen in low-grade serous OC (LGSOC) (3/3, 100% PFS24) and grades 1 and 2 EC (5/11, 45% PFS24). All three LGSOC patients obtained at least a partial response lasting for over 2 years, with two of the three patients still on treatment. PDX tumour engraftment was feasible in 45% of patients. Positive survival effects of the combination of ribociclib and letrozole were observed in two of three EC PDX models. Conclusion Ribociclib and letrozole have promising clinical activity in relapsed ER-positive OC and EC, particularly in LGSOC and relapsed ER-positive grade 1 and 2 EC. Generation of PDX models is feasible with positive survival effects observed in EC models. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov registry (NCT02657928).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaonan Hou
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nathan R Foster
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Erik J Asmus
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Aminah Jatoi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Matthew S Block
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Gretchen E Glaser
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tri A Dinh
- Department of Medical & Surgical Gynecology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew W Robertson
- Department of Medical & Surgical Gynecology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - John K Camoriano
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Kristina A Butler
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - John A Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - S John Weroha
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Personalized therapeutic strategies in HER2-driven gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:897-912. [PMID: 33755862 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01165-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trastuzumab is the only approved targeted therapy in patients with HER2-amplified metastatic gastric cancer (GC). Regrettably, in clinical practice, only a fraction of them achieves long-term benefit from trastuzumab-based upfront strategy. To advance precision oncology, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of different HER2-targeted strategies, in HER2 "hyper"-amplified (≥ 8 copies) tumors. METHODS We undertook a prospective evaluation of HER2 targeting with monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and antibody-drug conjugates, in a selected subgroup of HER2 "hyper"-amplified gastric patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), through the design of ad hoc preclinical trials. RESULTS Despite the high level of HER2 amplification, trastuzumab elicited a partial response only in 2 out of 8 PDX models. The dual-HER2 blockade with trastuzumab plus either pertuzumab or lapatinib led to complete and durable responses in 5 (62.5%) out of 8 models, including one tumor bearing a concomitant HER2 mutation. In a resistant PDX harboring KRAS amplification, the novel antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan (but not trastuzumab emtansine) overcame KRAS-mediated resistance. We also identified a HGF-mediated non-cell-autonomous mechanism of secondary resistance to anti-HER2 drugs, responsive to MET co-targeting. CONCLUSION These preclinical randomized trials clearly indicate that in HER2-driven gastric tumors, a boosted HER2 therapeutic blockade is required for optimal efficacy, leading to complete and durable responses in most of the cases. Our results suggest that a selected subpopulation of HER2-"hyper"-amplified GC patients could strongly benefit from this strategy. Despite the negative results of clinical trials, the dual blockade should be reconsidered for patients with clearly HER2-addicted cancers.
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhuo J, Su R, Tan W, Lian Z, Lu D, Xu X. The ongoing trends of patient-derived xenograft models in oncology. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2020; 40:559-563. [PMID: 32954687 PMCID: PMC7668494 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Zhuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Renyi Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Li Shui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, P. R. China
| | - Winyen Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Di Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang L, Liu B, Chen H, Gao R, Huang K, Guo Q, Li F, Chen W, He J. Progress in the application of organoids to breast cancer research. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5420-5427. [PMID: 32283573 PMCID: PMC7214171 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women. Breast cancer research is currently based mainly on animal models and traditional cell culture. However, the inherent species gap between humans and animals, as well as differences in organization between organs and cells, limits research advances. The breast cancer organoid can reproduce many of the key features of human breast cancer, thereby providing a new platform for investigating the mechanisms underlying the development, progression, metastasis and drug resistance of breast cancer. The application of organoid technology can also promote drug discovery and the design of individualized treatment strategies. Here, we discuss the latest advances in the use of organoid technology for breast cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baoer Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haodong Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kanghua Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiuyi Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weicai Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinsong He
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Invrea F, Rovito R, Torchiaro E, Petti C, Isella C, Medico E. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) as model systems for human cancer. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 63:151-156. [PMID: 32070860 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are obtained by transplanting fragments of a patient's tumour into immunodeficient mice. Growth and propagation of PDXs allows correlating therapeutic response in vivo with extensive, multi-dimensional molecular annotation, leading to identification of predictive biomarkers. PDXs are increasingly recognised as clinically relevant models of cancer for several reasons, of which the main is the possibility of studying the behaviour of cancer cells in a natural microenvironment, where they interact with stromal components accrued from the mouse host. PDXs maintain close similarities with the tumour of origin, in terms of tissue architecture, molecular features and response to treatments. Indeed, preclinical trials in PDXs have been shown to match and also anticipate data obtained in patients. Exploration of more complex processes like metastatic evolution and antitumour immune responses is actively pursued with PDXs, as new generations of host models emerge on the horizon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Invrea
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, strada Prov. 142, km 3,95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Roberta Rovito
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, strada Prov. 142, km 3,95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Erica Torchiaro
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, strada Prov. 142, km 3,95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Consalvo Petti
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, strada Prov. 142, km 3,95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Claudio Isella
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, strada Prov. 142, km 3,95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy; University of Torino, Department of Oncology, strada Prov. 142, km 3,95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Enzo Medico
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, strada Prov. 142, km 3,95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy; University of Torino, Department of Oncology, strada Prov. 142, km 3,95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Noonan JJ, Jarzabek M, Lincoln FA, Cavanagh BL, Pariag AR, Juric V, Young LS, Ligon KL, Jahns H, Zheleva D, Prehn JHM, Rehm M, Byrne AT, Murphy BM. Implementing Patient-Derived Xenografts to Assess the Effectiveness of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122005. [PMID: 31842413 PMCID: PMC6966586 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor with no available cure. As previously described, seliciclib, a first-generation cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, down-regulates the anti-apoptotic protein, Mcl-1, in GBM, thereby sensitizing GBM cells to the apoptosis-inducing effects of the death receptor ligand, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Here, we have assessed the efficacy of seliciclib when delivered in combination with the antibody against human death receptor 5, drozitumab, in clinically relevant patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of GBM. A reduction in viability and significant levels of apoptosis were observed in vitro in human GBM neurospheres following treatment with seliciclib plus drozitumab. While the co-treatment strategy induced a similar effect in PDX models, the dosing regimen required to observe seliciclib-targeted responses in the brain, resulted in lethal toxicity in 45% of animals. Additional studies showed that the second-generation CDK inhibitor, CYC065, with improved potency in comparison to seliciclib, induced a significant decrease in the size of human GBM neurospheres in vitro and was well tolerated in vivo, upon administration at clinically relevant doses. This study highlights the continued need for robust pre-clinical assessment of promising treatment approaches using clinically relevant models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janis J. Noonan
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin 2, Ireland; (J.J.N.); (M.J.); (F.A.L.); (A.R.P.); (V.J.); (J.H.M.P.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Monika Jarzabek
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin 2, Ireland; (J.J.N.); (M.J.); (F.A.L.); (A.R.P.); (V.J.); (J.H.M.P.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Frank A. Lincoln
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin 2, Ireland; (J.J.N.); (M.J.); (F.A.L.); (A.R.P.); (V.J.); (J.H.M.P.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Brenton L. Cavanagh
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin 2, Ireland;
| | - Arhona R. Pariag
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin 2, Ireland; (J.J.N.); (M.J.); (F.A.L.); (A.R.P.); (V.J.); (J.H.M.P.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Viktorija Juric
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin 2, Ireland; (J.J.N.); (M.J.); (F.A.L.); (A.R.P.); (V.J.); (J.H.M.P.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Leonie S. Young
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin 2, Ireland;
| | - Keith L. Ligon
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Hanne Jahns
- Pathobiology Section, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, D02 YN77 Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | - Daniella Zheleva
- Cyclacel Ltd., 1 James Lindsay Place, Dundee, Scotland DD1 5JJ, UK;
| | - Jochen H. M. Prehn
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin 2, Ireland; (J.J.N.); (M.J.); (F.A.L.); (A.R.P.); (V.J.); (J.H.M.P.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Markus Rehm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany;
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Annette T. Byrne
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin 2, Ireland; (J.J.N.); (M.J.); (F.A.L.); (A.R.P.); (V.J.); (J.H.M.P.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Brona M. Murphy
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin 2, Ireland; (J.J.N.); (M.J.); (F.A.L.); (A.R.P.); (V.J.); (J.H.M.P.); (A.T.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-31-402-2119
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Migliorini D, Mason NJ, Posey AD. Keeping the Engine Running: The Relevance and Predictive Value of Preclinical Models for CAR-T Cell Development. ILAR J 2019; 59:276-285. [PMID: 31095687 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilz009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular immunotherapy field has achieved important milestones in the last 30 years towards the treatment of a variety of cancers due to improvements in ex-vivo T cell manufacturing processes, the invention of synthetic T cell receptors, and advances in cellular engineering. Here, we discuss major preclinical models that have been useful for the validation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies and also promising new models that will fuel future investigations towards success. However, multiple unanswered questions in the CAR-T cell field remain to be addressed that will require innovative preclinical models. Key challenges facing the field include premature immune rejection of universal CAR-T cells and the immune suppressive tumor microenvironment. Immune competent models that accurately recapitulate tumor heterogeneity, the hostile tumor microenvironment, and barriers to CAR-T cell homing, toxicity, and persistence are needed for further advancement of the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Migliorini
- University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy
| | - Nicola J Mason
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Avery D Posey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy; and Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dünker N, Jendrossek V. Implementation of the Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) Model in Radiation Biology and Experimental Radiation Oncology Research. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101499. [PMID: 31591362 PMCID: PMC6826367 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is part of standard cancer treatment. Innovations in treatment planning and increased precision in dose delivery have significantly improved the therapeutic gain of radiotherapy but are reaching their limits due to biologic constraints. Thus, a better understanding of the complex local and systemic responses to RT and of the biological mechanisms causing treatment success or failure is required if we aim to define novel targets for biological therapy optimization. Moreover, optimal treatment schedules and prognostic biomarkers have to be defined for assigning patients to the best treatment option. The complexity of the tumor environment and of the radiation response requires extensive in vivo experiments for the validation of such treatments. So far in vivo investigations have mostly been performed in time- and cost-intensive murine models. Here we propose the implementation of the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model as a fast, cost-efficient model for semi high-throughput preclinical in vivo screening of the modulation of the radiation effects by molecularly targeted drugs. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the application spectrum, advantages and limitations of the CAM assay and summarizes current knowledge of its applicability for cancer research with special focus on research in radiation biology and experimental radiation oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Dünker
- Institute for Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Medicine Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Medicine Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
DelNero P, Hopkins BD, Cantley LC, Fischbach C. Cancer metabolism gets physical. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/442/eaaq1011. [PMID: 29794058 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaq1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Patient-derived culture models enable assessment of drug sensitivity and can connect personalized genomics with therapeutic options. However, their clinical translation is constrained by limited fidelity. We outline how the physical microenvironment regulates cell metabolism and describe how engineered culture systems could enhance the predictive power for precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter DelNero
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Benjamin D Hopkins
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA. .,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Flørenes VA, Flem-Karlsen K, McFadden E, Bergheim IR, Nygaard V, Nygård V, Farstad IN, Øy GF, Emilsen E, Giller-Fleten K, Ree AH, Flatmark K, Gullestad HP, Hermann R, Ryder T, Wernhoff P, Mælandsmo GM. A Three-dimensional Ex Vivo Viability Assay Reveals a Strong Correlation Between Response to Targeted Inhibitors and Mutation Status in Melanoma Lymph Node Metastases. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:951-958. [PMID: 31096111 PMCID: PMC6520638 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although clinical management of melanoma has changed considerably in recent years, intrinsic treatment resistance remains a severe problem and strategies to design personal treatment regimens are highly warranted. We have applied a three-dimensional (3D) ex vivo drug efficacy assay, exposing disaggregated cells from 38 freshly harvested melanoma lymph node metastases and 21 patient derived xenografts (PDXs) to clinical relevant drugs for 7 days, and examined its potential to evaluate therapy response. A strong association between Vemurafenib response and BRAF mutation status was achieved (P < .0001), while enhanced viability was seen in some NRAS mutated tumors. BRAF and NRAS mutated tumors responded comparably to the MEK inhibitor Cobimetinib. Based on the ex vivo results, two tumors diagnosed as BRAF wild-type by routine pathology examinations had to be re-evaluated; one was subsequently found to have a complex V600E mutation, the other a double BRAF mutation (V600E/K601 N). No BRAF inhibitor resistance mechanisms were identified, but PIK3CA and NF1 mutations were identified in two highly responsive tumors. Concordance between ex vivo drug responses using tissue from PDXs and corresponding patient tumors demonstrate that PDX models represent an indefinite source of tumor material that may allow ex vivo evaluation of numerous drugs and combinations, as well as studies of underlying molecular mechanisms. In conclusion, we have established a rapid and low cost ex vivo drug efficacy assay applicable on tumor tissue from patient biopsies. The 3D/spheroid format, limiting the influence from normal adjacent cells and allowing assessment of drug sensitivity to numerous drugs in one week, confirms its potential as a supplement to guide clinical decision, in particular in identifying non-responding patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivi Ann Flørenes
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Karine Flem-Karlsen
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Erin McFadden
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Riise Bergheim
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vigdis Nygaard
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vegard Nygård
- Department of Core Facilities, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Nina Farstad
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Frode Øy
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Emilsen
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Karianne Giller-Fleten
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Hansen Ree
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, N-1478 Lørenskog, Norway; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Flatmark
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans Petter Gullestad
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert Hermann
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Truls Ryder
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Patrik Wernhoff
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunhild Mari Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wu Y, Yu XZ. Modelling CAR-T therapy in humanized mice. EBioMedicine 2019; 40:25-26. [PMID: 30665855 PMCID: PMC6413350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Wu
- Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Xue-Zhong Yu
- Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xu H, Lyu X, Yi M, Zhao W, Song Y, Wu K. Organoid technology and applications in cancer research. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:116. [PMID: 30219074 PMCID: PMC6139148 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past decade, the three-dimensional organoid technology has sprung up and become more and more popular among researchers. Organoids are the miniatures of in vivo tissues and organs, and faithfully recapitulate the architectures and distinctive functions of a specific organ. These amazing three-dimensional constructs represent a promising, near-physiological model for human cancers, and tremendously support diverse potential applications in cancer research. Up to now, highly efficient establishment of organoids can be achieved from both normal and malignant tissues of patients. Using this bioengineered platform, the links of infection-cancer progression and mutation-carcinogenesis are feasible to be modeled. Another potential application is that organoid technology facilitates drug testing and guides personalized therapy. Although organoids still fail to model immune system accurately, co-cultures of organoids and lymphocytes have been reported in several studies, bringing hope for further application of this technology in immunotherapy. In addition, the potential value in regeneration medicine might be another paramount branch of organoid technology, which might refine current transplantation therapy through the replacement of irreversibly progressively diseased organs with isogenic healthy organoids. In conclusion, organoids represent an excellent preclinical model for human tumors, promoting the translation from basic cancer research to clinical practice. In this review, we outline organoid technology and summarize its applications in cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Xu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaodong Lyu
- Central Laboratory, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Weiheng Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sturrock M, Miller IS, Kang G, Hannis Arba'ie N, O'Farrell AC, Barat A, Marston G, Coletta PL, Byrne AT, Prehn JH. Anti-angiogenic drug scheduling optimisation with application to colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11182. [PMID: 30046049 PMCID: PMC6060139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bevacizumab (bvz) is a first choice anti-angiogenic drug in oncology and is primarily administered in combination with chemotherapy. It has been hypothesized that anti-angiogenic drugs enhance efficacy of cytotoxic drugs by "normalizing" abnormal tumor vessels and improving drug penetration. Nevertheless, the clinical relevance of this phenomenon is still unclear with several studies over recent years suggesting an opposing relationship. Herein, we sought to develop a new computational tool to interrogate anti-angiogenic drug scheduling with particular application in the setting of colorectal cancer (CRC). Specifically, we have employed a mathematical model of vascular tumour growth which interrogates the impact of anti-angiogenic treatment and chemotherapeutic treatment on tumour volume. Model predictions were validated using CRC xenografts which underwent treatment with a clinically relevant combinatorial anti-angiogenic regimen. Bayesian model selection revealed the most appropriate term for capturing the effect of treatments on the tumour size, and provided insights into a switch-like dependence of FOLFOX delivery on the tumour vasculature. Our experimental data and mathematical model suggest that delivering chemotherapy prior to bvz may be optimal in the colorectal cancer setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Sturrock
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - I S Miller
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - G Kang
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - N Hannis Arba'ie
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - A C O'Farrell
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - A Barat
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - G Marston
- Liverpool Hope University, Hope Park, Liverpool, L16 9JD, UK
| | - P L Coletta
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - A T Byrne
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - J H Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|