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Solbakken AM, Sellevold S, Spasojevic M, Julsrud L, Emblemsvåg HL, Reims HM, Sørensen O, Thorgersen EB, Fauske L, Ågren JSM, Brennhovd B, Ryder T, Larsen SG, Flatmark K. ASO Visual Abstract: Navigation-Assisted Surgery for Locally Advanced Primary and Recurrent Rectal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:7637-7638. [PMID: 37589802 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arne M Solbakken
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Simen Sellevold
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Milan Spasojevic
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Julsrud
- Department of Radiology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne-Line Emblemsvåg
- Department of Radiology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henrik M Reims
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olaf Sørensen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ebbe B Thorgersen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lena Fauske
- Department of Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Bjørn Brennhovd
- Department of Urology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Truls Ryder
- Department of Oncologic Plastic Surgery, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stein G Larsen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Flatmark
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Tumour Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Solbakken AM, Sellevold S, Spasojevic M, Julsrud L, Emblemsvåg HL, Reims HM, Sørensen O, Thorgersen EB, Fauske L, Ågren JSM, Brennhovd B, Ryder T, Larsen SG, Flatmark K. Navigation-Assisted Surgery for Locally Advanced Primary and Recurrent Rectal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:7602-7611. [PMID: 37481493 PMCID: PMC10562504 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-13964-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In some surgical disciplines, navigation-assisted surgery has become standard of care, but in rectal cancer, indications for navigation and the utility of different technologies remain undetermined. METHODS The NAVI-LARRC prospective study (NCT04512937; IDEAL Stage 2a) evaluated feasibility of navigation in patients with locally advanced primary (LARC) and recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC). Included patients had advanced tumours with high risk of incomplete (R1/R2) resection, and navigation was considered likely to improve the probability of complete resection (R0). Tumours were classified according to pelvic compartmental involvement, as suggested by the Royal Marsden group. The BrainlabTM navigation platform was used for preoperative segmentation of tumour and pelvic anatomy, and for intraoperative navigation with optical tracking. R0 resection rates, surgeons' experiences, and adherence to the preoperative resection plan were assessed. RESULTS Seventeen patients with tumours involving the posterior/lateral compartments underwent navigation-assisted procedures. Fifteen patients required abdominosacral resection, and 3 had resection of the sciatic nerve. R0 resection was obtained in 6/8 (75%) LARC and 6/9 (69%) LRRC cases. Preoperative segmentation was time-consuming (median 3.5 h), but intraoperative navigation was accurate. Surgeons reported navigation to be feasible, and adherence to the resection plan was satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS Navigation-assisted surgery using optical tracking was feasible. The preoperative planning was time-consuming, but intraoperative navigation was accurate and resulted in acceptable R0 resection rates. Selected patients are likely to benefit from navigation-assisted surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne M Solbakken
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Simen Sellevold
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Milan Spasojevic
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Julsrud
- Department of Radiology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne-Line Emblemsvåg
- Department of Radiology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henrik M Reims
- Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olaf Sørensen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ebbe B Thorgersen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lena Fauske
- Department of Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Bjørn Brennhovd
- Department of Urology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Truls Ryder
- Department of Oncologic Plastic Surgery, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stein G Larsen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Flatmark
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Tumour Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Gullestad HP, Ryder T, Goscinski M. Survival after lymphadenectomy of nodal metastases from melanoma of unknown primary site. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2023; 57:109-114. [PMID: 34878354 DOI: 10.1080/2000656x.2021.2010739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the vast majority of melanomas have a primary site, 3%-4% of all melanomas in distant sites display no known primary site (MUP). This phenomenon is not fully understood and various hypotheses have been introduced. The prognostic significance of MUP has been unclear, with some studies showing no survival benefit while others find improved survival compared to stage-matched patients with melanoma of known primary site (MKP). Between 1997 and 2014, 864 patients underwent an en bloc resection of clinical nodal metastases at a referral centre for metastatic melanoma in Norway. The MUP (n = 113) and MKP (n = 751) patients were graded with stage III or IV. The overall survival (OS) was calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method, and multivariate analysis identified factors of significance for the two groups. A significant five-year OS emerged for stage III, MUP = 58% and 42% for MKP, but not for stage IV. The five-year relapse-free survival (RFS) was 41% and 31% for MUP and MKP respectively (p = 0.049). The statistically significant inter-group differences (MUP/MKP) were observed in the univariate and multivariate analyses of age, gender, number of affected nodes, tumour size and perinodal growth within stage III and tumour size within stage IV. After regional lymphadenectomy, MUP patients with clinical nodal metastases had a better outcome than MKP patients. This finding supports the theory that an endogenously mediated immune response may promote the regression of a cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Petter Gullestad
- Division of Oncoplastic Surgery, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Truls Ryder
- Division of Oncoplastic Surgery, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mariusz Goscinski
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Solbakken AM, Sellevold S, Spasojevic M, Julsrud L, Emblemsvåg HL, Reims H, Sørensen O, Thorgersen EB, Fauske L, Brennhovd B, Ryder T, Larsen SG, Flatmark K. Stereotactical optical navigation for locally advanced and recurrent rectal cancer in the posterolateral pelvis. European Journal of Surgical Oncology 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2022.11.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Berentzen Å, Brevig T, Hermann R, Ryder T, Winge-Main AK. Correction: Melanoma - investigation and primary treatment. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2023; 142:22-0806. [PMID: 36655962 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.22.0806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Berentzen Å, Brevig T, Hermann R, Ryder T, Winge-Main AK. Melanoma – investigation and primary treatment. Tidsskriftet 2022; 142:22-0043. [DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.22.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Nyrud MK, Bratland Å, Landrø L, Brevig T, Ryder T, Hermann R, Frich L. Merkel cell carcinoma. Tidsskriftet 2022; 142:21-0693. [DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.21.0693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Frich L, Hermann R, Berentzen Å, Ryder T. Randomized Study of Wound Drainage on Early Complications After Lymph Node Dissection for Melanoma. J Surg Res 2021; 267:467-476. [PMID: 34245960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The complication rate after axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and inguinal lymph node dissection (ILND) in melanoma patients is high. The aim of this randomized non-inferiority study was to evaluate the effect of postoperative wound drainage on early complications after ALND and ILND. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between 2018 and 2020, 104 stage III melanoma patients operated on with ALND or ILND were randomized to a study group with complete wound drain removal 3 wk after surgery or a control group with progressive drain removal. The primary end point was overall early complications graded according to the modified Clavien-Dindo classification. Secondary endpoints were length of hospital stay and prognostic factors for early complications. RESULTS Of the 99 patients analyzed, ALND was performed in 58 patients and ILND in 41 patients. Overall, 62 patients (62.6%) developed early complications: 30 in the study group and 32 in the control group (P = 0.53). The confidence interval for the difference in proportions of patients without early complications in the two groups was -0.27 to 0.11 (P = 0.42), hence non-inferiority could be claimed. Length of hospital stay was 5 d in the study group compared to 6 in the control group (P < 0.01). ILND was associated with increased risk of early complications compared to ALND (75.6% versus 53.4%, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Complete drain removal 3 wk after ALN and ILND in stage III melanoma patients did not increase the risk of early complications compared to progressive drain removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Frich
- Section of oncologic plastic surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Robert Hermann
- Section of oncologic plastic surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åshild Berentzen
- Section of oncologic plastic surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Truls Ryder
- Section of oncologic plastic surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Tønseth KA, Sætnan EV, Schneider MR, Berntsen AS, Lindholm P, Ryder T, Eidal K. Kjartan Hasse Stenbuk Arctander. Tidsskriftet 2021. [DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.21.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Flem-Karlsen K, McFadden E, Omar N, Haugen MH, Øy GF, Ryder T, Gullestad HP, Hermann R, Mælandsmo GM, Flørenes VA. Targeting AXL and the DNA Damage Response Pathway as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy in Melanoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 19:895-905. [PMID: 31871265 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase AXL is found upregulated in various types of cancer, including melanoma, and correlates with an aggressive cancer phenotype, inducing cell proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In addition, AXL has recently been linked to chemotherapy resistance, and inhibition of AXL is found to increase DNA damage and reduce expression of DNA repair proteins. In light of this, we aimed to investigate whether targeting AXL together with DNA damage response proteins would be therapeutically beneficial. Using melanoma cell lines, we observed that combined reduction of AXL and CHK1/CHK2 signaling decreased proliferation, deregulated cell-cycle progression, increased apoptosis, and reduced expression of DNA damage response proteins. Enhanced therapeutic effect of combined treatment, as compared with mono-treatment, was further observed in a patient-derived xenograft model and, of particular interest, when applying a three-dimensional ex vivo spheroid drug sensitivity assay on tumor cells harvested directly from 27 patients with melanoma lymph node metastases. Together, these results indicate that targeting AXL together with the DNA damage response pathway could be a promising treatment strategy in melanoma, and that further investigations in patient groups lacking treatment alternatives should be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Flem-Karlsen
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. .,Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erin McFadden
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nasrin Omar
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mads H Haugen
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Frode Øy
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Truls Ryder
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans Petter Gullestad
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert Hermann
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunhild Mari Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Vivi Ann Flørenes
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Flørenes VA, Flem-Karlsen K, McFadden E, Bergheim IR, Nygaard V, Nygård V, Farstad IN, Øy GF, Emilsen E, Giller-Fleten K, Ree AH, Flatmark K, Gullestad HP, Hermann R, Ryder T, Wernhoff P, Mælandsmo GM. A Three-dimensional Ex Vivo Viability Assay Reveals a Strong Correlation Between Response to Targeted Inhibitors and Mutation Status in Melanoma Lymph Node Metastases. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:951-958. [PMID: 31096111 PMCID: PMC6520638 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although clinical management of melanoma has changed considerably in recent years, intrinsic treatment resistance remains a severe problem and strategies to design personal treatment regimens are highly warranted. We have applied a three-dimensional (3D) ex vivo drug efficacy assay, exposing disaggregated cells from 38 freshly harvested melanoma lymph node metastases and 21 patient derived xenografts (PDXs) to clinical relevant drugs for 7 days, and examined its potential to evaluate therapy response. A strong association between Vemurafenib response and BRAF mutation status was achieved (P < .0001), while enhanced viability was seen in some NRAS mutated tumors. BRAF and NRAS mutated tumors responded comparably to the MEK inhibitor Cobimetinib. Based on the ex vivo results, two tumors diagnosed as BRAF wild-type by routine pathology examinations had to be re-evaluated; one was subsequently found to have a complex V600E mutation, the other a double BRAF mutation (V600E/K601 N). No BRAF inhibitor resistance mechanisms were identified, but PIK3CA and NF1 mutations were identified in two highly responsive tumors. Concordance between ex vivo drug responses using tissue from PDXs and corresponding patient tumors demonstrate that PDX models represent an indefinite source of tumor material that may allow ex vivo evaluation of numerous drugs and combinations, as well as studies of underlying molecular mechanisms. In conclusion, we have established a rapid and low cost ex vivo drug efficacy assay applicable on tumor tissue from patient biopsies. The 3D/spheroid format, limiting the influence from normal adjacent cells and allowing assessment of drug sensitivity to numerous drugs in one week, confirms its potential as a supplement to guide clinical decision, in particular in identifying non-responding patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivi Ann Flørenes
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Karine Flem-Karlsen
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Erin McFadden
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Riise Bergheim
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vigdis Nygaard
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vegard Nygård
- Department of Core Facilities, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Nina Farstad
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Frode Øy
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Emilsen
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Karianne Giller-Fleten
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Hansen Ree
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, N-1478 Lørenskog, Norway; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Flatmark
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans Petter Gullestad
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert Hermann
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Truls Ryder
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Patrik Wernhoff
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunhild Mari Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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Spasojevic M, Mariathasan AB, Goscinski M, Thorgersen EB, Solbakken AM, Gullestad HP, Ryder T, Flatmark K, Larsen SG. Vertical Rectus Abdominis Musculocutaneous Flap Repair Improves Perineal Wound Healing after Abdominoperineal Resection for Irradiated Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2018; 25:1357-1365. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-018-6363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Goscinski MA, Hole KH, Tønne E, Ryder T, Grøholt KK, Flatmark K. Fibromatosis in vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap imitating tumor recurrence after surgery for locally advanced rectal cancer: case report. World J Surg Oncol 2016; 14:63. [PMID: 26940557 PMCID: PMC4778273 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-0818-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Abdominoperineal excision is performed in patients with locally advanced, low rectal carcinoma. Reconstruction of the dorsal vagina and perineum using the vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap following extensive surgery results in favorable surgical outcome and quality of life. However, the rectus abdominis muscle, as part of the anterior abdominal wall, may develop fibrous lesions also as a transplant. Case presentation A 39-year-old female patient with low rectal cancer and extensive colorectal polyposis was treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by colectomy and abdominoperineal excision with resection of the dorsal vaginal wall and subsequent reconstruction of the perineum using the vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap. At the 6-month follow-up, a suspected 2 × 2 cm tumor recurrence was detected in the transposed tissue and was subsequently surgically removed. Histologic examination concluded with fibromatosis. Genetic testing revealed a known disease-causing mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene, confirming the diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis. Conclusions Fibromatosis may affect the anterior abdominal wall, that is the rectus abdominis muscle, at the primary site or may develop in the muscle after its transposition into the perineum at pelvic reconstruction. Fibromatosis in the muscle flap after pelvic reconstruction may present a difficult diagnostic challenge for the multidisciplinary team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Adam Goscinski
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Knut Håkon Hole
- Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Elin Tønne
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Truls Ryder
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Kjersti Flatmark
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. .,Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Dong JQ, Varma MV, Wolford A, Ryder T, Di L, Feng B, Terra SG, Sagawa K, Kalgutkar AS. Pharmacokinetics and Disposition of the Thiouracil Derivative PF-06282999, an Orally Bioavailable, Irreversible Inactivator of Myeloperoxidase Enzyme, Across Animals and Humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 44:209-19. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.067868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Pardo A, Do T, Ryder T, Schaeffer C, McMahon M, Wong B. P4.14 Combination of steroids and ischial weight-bearing KAFOs in DMD prolongs ambulation past 20 years of age — A case report. Neuromuscul Disord 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2010.07.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hill AM, Hoerning EJ, Brook K, Smith CD, Moss J, Ryder T, Wallace AL, Bull AMJ. Collagenous microstructure of the glenoid labrum and biceps anchor. J Anat 2008; 212:853-62. [PMID: 18429974 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00904.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The glenoid labrum is a significant passive stabilizer of the shoulder joint. However, its microstructural form remains largely unappreciated, particularly in the context of its variety of functions. The focus of labral microscopy has often been histology and, as such, there is very little appreciation of collagen composition and arrangement of the labrum, and hence the micromechanics of the structure. On transmission electron microscopy, significant differences in diameter, area and perimeter were noted in the two gross histological groups of collagen fibril visualized; this suggests a heterogeneous collagenous composition with potentially distinct mechanical function. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated three distinct zones of interest: a superficial mesh, a dense circumferential braided core potentially able to accommodate hoop stresses, and a loosely packed peri-core zone. Confocal microscopy revealed an articular surface fine fibrillar mesh potentially able to reduce surface friction, bundles of circumferential encapsulated fibres in the bulk of the tissue, and bone anchoring fibres at the osseous interface. Varying microstructure throughout the depth of the labrum suggests a role in accommodating different types of loading. An understanding of the labral microstructure can lead to development of hypotheses based upon an appreciation of this component of material property. This may aid an educated approach to surgical timing and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hill
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, UK
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Kyte JA, Mu L, Aamdal S, Kvalheim G, Dueland S, Hauser M, Gullestad HP, Ryder T, Lislerud K, Hammerstad H, Gaudernack G. Phase I/II trial of melanoma therapy with dendritic cells transfected with autologous tumor-mRNA. Cancer Gene Ther 2006; 13:905-18. [PMID: 16710345 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an individualized melanoma vaccine based on transfection of autologous dendritic cells (DCs) with autologous tumor-mRNA. Dendritic cells loaded with complete tumor-mRNA may generate an immune response against a broad repertoire of antigens, including unique patient-specific antigens. The purpose of the present phase I/II trial was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of the vaccine, and the ability of the DCs to elicit T-cell responses in melanoma patients. Further, we compared intradermal (i.d.) and intranodal (i.n.) vaccine administration. Twenty-two patients with advanced malignant melanoma were included, each receiving four weekly vaccines. Monocyte-derived DCs were transfected with tumor-mRNA by electroporation, matured and cryopreserved. We obtained successful vaccine production for all patients elected. No serious adverse effects were observed. A vaccine-specific immune response was demonstrated in 9/19 patients evaluable by T-cell assays (T-cell proliferation/interferon-gamma ELISPOT) and in 8/18 patients evaluable by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction. The response was demonstrated in 7/10 patients vaccinated intradermally and in 3/12 patients vaccinated intranodally. We conclude that immuno-gene-therapy with the described DC-vaccine is feasible and safe, and that the vaccine can elicit in vivo T-cell responses against antigens encoded by the transfected tumor-mRNA. The response rates do not suggest an advantage in applying i.n. vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Kyte
- Section for Immunotherapy, Department of Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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18
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Ormrod JA, Ryder T, Chadwick RJ, Bonner SM. Experiences of families when a relative is diagnosed brain stem dead: understanding of death, observation of brain stem death testing and attitudes to organ donation. Anaesthesia 2005; 60:1002-8. [PMID: 16179046 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2005.04297.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain stem death may be a difficult concept for relatives to understand. Our ITU practice follows published recommendations that the use of explanatory leaflets showing CT scans and observing brain stem death testing in some cases may help relatives to understand that death has occurred. Using this strategy, we interviewed 27 relatives 12 months after bereavement following certification by brain stem testing, investigating their understanding of brain stem death, subsequent attitudes to organ donation, grief reactions and attitudes of those who had observed the tests. Most relatives understood that the brain stem death tests indicated that survival was not possible, although three relatives had not fully understood this and valued the opportunity to discuss it again. Only five relatives observed the tests, all were pleased that they had done so as this had confirmed their understanding that death had occurred; however, these relatives had more evidence of psychological distress. No relatives who agreed to organ donation regretted this but three who did not allow donation subsequently expressed regret. Several relatives thought that observing the tests would have helped them to understand that death had occurred, making easier the decision to allow organ donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Ormrod
- Department of Psychology, Tees and North-east Yorkshire NHS Trust, Hartlepool TS24 7ED, UK
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19
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Aamdal S, Kyte J, Dueland S, Mu L, Gullestad HP, Ryder T, Hauser M, Kvalheim G, Sæbøe-Larsen S, Gaudernack G. Phase I/II trial of vaccine therapy with tumor-RNA transfected dendritic cells in patients with advanced malignant melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Aamdal
- The Norwegian Radium Hosp, Univ of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - J. Kyte
- The Norwegian Radium Hosp, Univ of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - S. Dueland
- The Norwegian Radium Hosp, Univ of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - L. Mu
- The Norwegian Radium Hosp, Univ of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - T. Ryder
- The Norwegian Radium Hosp, Univ of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M. Hauser
- The Norwegian Radium Hosp, Univ of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G. Kvalheim
- The Norwegian Radium Hosp, Univ of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - G. Gaudernack
- The Norwegian Radium Hosp, Univ of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Moss J, Ryder T, Aziz TZ, Graeber MB, Bain PG. Electron microscopy of tissue adherent to explanted electrodes in dystonia and Parkinson's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 127:2755-63. [PMID: 15329356 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awh292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is used to treat a variety of severe medically intractable movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease, tremor and dystonia. There have been few studies examining the effect of chronic DBS on the brains of Parkinson's disease patients. Most of these post mortem studies concluded that chronic DBS caused mild gliosis around the lead track and did not damage brain tissue. There have been no similar histopathological studies on brains from dystonic patients who have undergone DBS. In this study, our objective was to discover whether tissue would be attached to DBS electrodes removed from patients for routine clinical reasons. We hoped that by examining explanted DBS electrodes using scanning (SEM) and/or transmission (TEM) electron microscopy we might visualize any attached tissue and thus understand the electrode-human brain tissue interaction more accurately. Initially, SEM was performed on one control DBS electrode that had not been implanted. Then 21 (one subthalamic nucleus and 20 globus pallidus internus) explanted DBS electrodes were prepared, after fixation in 3% glutaraldehyde, for SEM (n = 9) or TEM (n = 10), or both (n = 2), according to departmental protocol. The electrodes were sourced from two patients with Parkinson's disease, one with myoclonic dystonia, two with cervical dystonia and five with primary generalized dystonia, and had been in situ for 11 and 31 months (Parkinson's disease), 16 months (myoclonic dystonia), 14 and 24 months (cervical dystonia) and 3-24 months (primary generalized dystonia). Our results showed that a foreign body multinucleate giant cell-type reaction was present in all TEM samples and in SEM samples, prewashed to remove surface blood and fibrin, regardless of the diagnosis. Some of the giant cells were >100 microm in diameter and might have originated from either fusion of parenchymal microglia, resident perivascular macrophage precursors and/or monocytes/macrophages invading from the blood stream. The presence of mononuclear macrophages containing lysosomes and sometimes having conspicuous filopodia was detected by TEM. Both types of cell contained highly electron-dense inclusions, which probably represent phagocytosed material. Similar material, the exact nature of which is unknown, was also seen in the vicinity of these cells. This reaction was present irrespective of the duration of implantation and may be a response to the polyurethane component of the electrodes' surface coat. These findings may be relevant to our understanding of the time course of the clinical response to DBS in Parkinson's disease and various forms of dystonia, as well as contributing to the design characteristics of future DBS electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Moss
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Histopathology, Charing Cross Hospital, Hammersmith Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
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21
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Sadhra S, Jackson CA, Ryder T, Brown MJ. Noise exposure and hearing loss among student employees working in university entertainment venues. Ann Occup Hyg 2002; 46:455-63. [PMID: 12176760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Most studies to date on sound levels in entertainment establishments have concentrated on exposure levels for the attending public, rather than employees who may be at greater risk of hearing loss. Of particular concern are young employees. The aim of this pilot study was to (i) estimate typical sound levels in different areas where amplified music was played, (ii) measure temporary threshold shift (TTS) and (iii) estimate the dependence of hearing threshold shifts on measured noise levels. METHODS This study focused on students working part-time (up to 16 h/week) in music bars and discotheques in a university entertainment venue. All 28 staff were invited to participate in the study. Pre- and post-exposure audiometry was used to determine hearing threshold at both high and low frequencies. Personal dosemeters and static measurements were made to assess noise levels and frequency characteristics. A questionnaire was used to determine patterns of noise exposure and attitudes to noise levels and hearing loss. RESULTS Of the 28 student employees working in the three areas, 14 (50%) agreed to take part in the study, giving 21 pre- and post-shift audiograms. The mean personal exposure levels for security staff were higher than those of bar staff, with both groups exceeding 90 dB(A). The maximum peak pressure reading for security staff was 124 dB. Although TTS values were moderate, they were found to be highly significant at both low and high frequencies and for both ears. Twenty-nine per cent of subjects showed permanent hearing loss of more than 30 dB at either low or high frequencies. The correlation between TTS and personal exposure was higher at 4 kHz than the low and high frequencies. CONCLUSIONS Contemporary music may be an important yet little considered contributor to total personal noise exposure, especially amongst young employees. Employees need to be better informed of risks of hearing loss and the need to report changes in hearing acuity. Suggestions are made on strategies for improving the assessment of noise exposure in entertainment venues.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sadhra
- Institute of Occupational Health, University of Birmingham, University Road West, Edgbaston, UK
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22
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Khalil M, Shariat-Panahi A, Tootle R, Ryder T, McCloskey P, Roberts E, Hodgson H, Selden C. Human hepatocyte cell lines proliferating as cohesive spheroid colonies in alginate markedly upregulate both synthetic and detoxificatory liver function. J Hepatol 2001; 34:68-77. [PMID: 11211910 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(00)00080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Bio-artificial liver support systems for treatment of hepatic failure require maintained expression of hepatocyte function in vitro. We studied cultures of human hepatocyte cell-lines proliferating within alginate beads, investigating the hypothesis that 3-dimensional cohesive colonies of hepatocyte cell-lines would achieve polarity and cell-to-cell contact resulting in upregulation of function. METHODS HepG2 and HHY41 human cell lines in alginate beads were cultured for >20 days. RESULTS Proliferation was maintained for 20 days. Production of albumin, prothrombin, fibrinogen, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein and alpha-1-antitrypsin was maintained throughout, maximal at days 8-10, when upregulation was 300-1100% compared with monolayer cultures at similar cell number per unit volume. Detoxificatory functions: ethoxyresorufin deethylase activity, androstenedione metabolism, and urea synthesis from arginine was also increased several-fold. Function returned to pre-freezing levels within 18 h of thawing after cryopreservation of cells in alginate. Electron microscopy revealed spherical colonies of cells of cuboidal shape, with cell-to-cell contact via desmosomes and junctional complexes, abundant microvilli, and cytoplasmic appearances suggesting transcriptionally active hepatocytes. CONCLUSION Hepatocyte cell-lines, proliferating in alginate express a range of liver-specific functions at levels approaching those found in vivo, relevant to their use in liver support systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khalil
- Division of Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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23
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Fan JB, Chen X, Halushka MK, Berno A, Huang X, Ryder T, Lipshutz RJ, Lockhart DJ, Chakravarti A. Parallel genotyping of human SNPs using generic high-density oligonucleotide tag arrays. Genome Res 2000; 10:853-60. [PMID: 10854416 PMCID: PMC310915 DOI: 10.1101/gr.10.6.853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Large scale human genetic studies require technologies for generating millions of genotypes with relative ease but also at a reasonable cost and with high accuracy. We describe a highly parallel method for genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), using generic high-density oligonucleotide arrays that contain thousands of preselected 20-mer oligonucleotide tags. First, marker-specific primers are used in PCR amplifications of genomic regions containing SNPs. Second, the amplification products are used as templates in single base extension (SBE) reactions using chimeric primers with 3' complementarity to the specific SNP loci and 5' complementarity to specific probes, or tags, synthesized on the array. The SBE primers, terminating one base before the polymorphic site, are extended in the presence of labeled dideoxy NTPs, using a different label for each of the two SNP alleles, and hybridized to the tag array. Third, genotypes are deduced from the fluorescence intensity ratio of the two colors. This approach takes advantage of multiplexed sample preparation, hybridization, and analysis at each stage. We illustrate and test this method by genotyping 44 individuals for 142 human SNPs identified previously in 62 candidate hypertension genes. Because the hybridization results are quantitative, this method can also be used for allele-frequency estimation in pooled DNA samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Fan
- Affymetrix, Inc., California 95051 USA
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24
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Selden C, Shariat A, McCloskey P, Ryder T, Roberts E, Hodgson H. Three-dimensional in vitro cell culture leads to a marked upregulation of cell function in human hepatocyte cell lines--an important tool for the development of a bioartificial liver machine. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999; 875:353-63. [PMID: 10415581 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08517.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Upregulating hepatocyte function in proliferating human liver cell lines could provide cells for a bio-artificial liver. Ideally, a means of mimicking the biological extracellular matrix with a relatively inert, bio-compatible matrix is required. Alginate encapsulation of primary hepatocytes is biocompatible. This study aimed to characterize cells grown in a 3D configuration in alginate. A human-derived liver cell line encapsulated in 1% alginate was assessed for synthetic and detoxification functions. Secreted proteins measured (e.g., albumin, fibrinogen, alpha-1-antitrypsin etc.) were increased in alginate compared with monolayers. Cytochrome P450 1A1 activity increased three- to fourfold, whilst urea synthesis, undetectable in monolayer cultures, was synthesized by cells in alginate at levels approaching in vivo production. TEM revealed good ultrastructure reminiscent of normal hepatocytes. Alginate promotes 3D colonies of proliferating cells with upregulated liver functions. Rapid recovery of function of cryopreserved cells (< 18 h) provides added advantages for this system to support the biological component of an artificial liver for patients with fulminant hepatic failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Selden
- Gastroenterology Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, England, UK.
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25
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Benachi A, Delezoide AL, Chailley-Heu B, Preece M, Bourbon JR, Ryder T. Ultrastructural evaluation of lung maturation in a sheep model of diaphragmatic hernia and tracheal occlusion. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1999; 20:805-12. [PMID: 10101014 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.20.4.3359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In fetuses with diaphragmatic hernia (DH) lung development is impaired, and pulmonary hypoplasia is one of the main factors responsible for the poor outcome of the disease. A possible treatment consists of occluding trachea during lung development to retain pulmonary fluid and to force the lung to expand. Although it appeared promising at first, this technique has recently been reported to decrease type II cell number and to induce surfactant deficiency. The aim of this study was to investigate lung maturation further through ultrastructural examination in a fetal lamb model of DH created at 85 d, followed or not by endoscopic balloon tracheal occlusion (TO) at 120 d of gestation. The proportion of alveolar epithelial type I and type II cells was altered by both treatments: the type I/type II cell ratio, which was about 2 in control lungs, was decreased 4.5-fold in DH lungs but was increased 4.5-fold in DH+TO lungs. The proportion of undifferentiated cells was increased in DH lungs. Indeterminate cells sharing features of type II and type I cells that were not observed in controls were seldom seen in DH lungs and were numerous in DH+TO lungs. The number of lamellar bodies per type II cell was decreased in both DH and DH+TO groups. In DH lungs, wall structure presented an immature appearance, with cellular connective tissue and poor secondary septation of saccules. In DH+TO lungs, primary septa appeared more mature, with reduced connective tissue, but secondary septa were still buds, although elastin was present at their tips. A single capillary layer was found in all three groups (control, DH, and DH+TO) with no sign of septal capillary pairing. This first investigation in DH and DH+TO lungs through transmission electron microscopy thus enabled us to show that compression and forced expansion of the lung are both responsible for alterations in type II cell differentiation and septal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Benachi
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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26
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Smalley M, Leiper K, Floyd D, Mobberley M, Ryder T, Selden C, Roberts EA, Hodgson H. Behavior of a cell line derived from normal human hepatocytes on non-physiological and physiological-type substrates: evidence for enhancement of secretion of liver-specific proteins by a three-dimensional growth pattern. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 1999; 35:22-32. [PMID: 10475252 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-999-0040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The behavior of a recently described cell line, HH25, derived from normal human hepatocytes, has been investigated on several different substrates--tissue-culture plastic, glass, a thin layer of rat-tail collagen I, and thin layers or thick gels of extracellular matrix derived from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm murine sarcoma (EHS matrix). Cellular morphology, proliferation, and secretion of three hepatocyte-specific proteins (albumin, alpha1 acid glycoprotein, and alpha1 antitrypsin) have been examined. There were no differences in morphology, proliferation, or differentiated function in the cells on either plastic, glass, collagen, I, or a thin layer of EHS matrix, but on a thick EHS matrix gel the cells altered their morphology (forming three-dimensional colonies with canalicular-like structures) and their production of albumin and alpha1 acid glycoprotein was enhanced. This suggests that the enhanced differentiated function is associated with the morphological change (occurring only on the thick EHS gel) rather than with receptor-mediated cell-matrix interactions (which can also occur on the thin layer of EHS matrix). This cell line is therefore a good in vitro cellular model for the investigation of the roles of morphological changes and of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in the control of human hepatocyte behavior without the need for an extensive source of primary tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Smalley
- Department of Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Selden C, Roberts E, Stamp G, Parker K, Winlove P, Ryder T, Platt H, Hodgson H. Comparison of three solid phase supports for promoting three-dimensional growth and function of human liver cell lines. Artif Organs 1998; 22:308-19. [PMID: 9555962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An extracorporeal liver support system will require that liver cells maintain their normal differentiated function. This is more likely to be achieved utilizing a three-dimensional culture configuration rather than a simple monolayer culture. We present data on a human liver cell line attached and maintained on different three-dimensional supports, porous glass (Siran), silicon (Immobasil), and calcium-alginate beads. Albumin, fibrinogen, prothrombin, alpha1-acid glycoprotein and alpha1-antitrypsin secretions were measured. Proliferation was slower on each of the three-dimensional supports than on the monolayer culture. The protein secretion of all 5 proteins was highest in cells encapsulated in alginate; silicon beads supported greater protein secretion than glass. Cells on silicon or within alginate were rounded; those on glass grew in 2 configurations as flattened monolayers and as rounded colonies. Cells in alginate secreted as much protein as the whole liver (e.g., albumin, 14.88 g/10(12) cells/day compared to the whole liver, approximately 12 g/day). Three-dimensional culture of a human liver cell line leads to both proliferation and a high synthetic capacity, an important feature of cells suitable for an extracorporeal liver support system.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Selden
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, England, UK
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28
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Sharma V, Whitehead M, Mason B, Pryse-Davies J, Ryder T, Dowsett M, Campbell S, Collins W. Influence of superovulation on endometrial and embryonic development. Fertil Steril 1990; 53:822-9. [PMID: 2332058 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)53516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The authors have studied the temporal relationship between follicular rupture and endometrial development in 13 women during a natural ovarian cycle (length 25 to 35 days), and subsequently after standard treatment with clomiphene citrate, human menopausal gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to induce multiple folliculogenesis for oocyte recovery, in vitro fertilization, and embryo freezing (cycle length 23 to 27 days). An endometrial biopsy was taken during both cycles 1.5 to 2.0 days after the oocytes had been released or removed. The samples were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. Samples of peripheral blood were taken at defined times for hormone analysis. After treatment 11 subjects (85%) had advanced morphological development of the endometrium (8 women by 3 to 4 days, 3 women by 1 to 2 days). The concentrations of plasma estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) on the days of follicular rupture and endometrial biopsy were significantly raised in the treatment cycles. The concentration of total urinary estrogens on the day of hCG administration and the mean change in the concentration of plasma E2 (treatment/control) on the days of endometrial biopsy were positively correlated with the extent of endometrial advancement. In addition, the mean change in the concentration of plasma P (treatment/control) was markedly increased on the days of follicular rupture and endometrial biopsy in those subjects with an advanced endometrium. Embryonic development was not so obviously related to the extent of superovulation. Asynchronous endometrial and embryonic development may therefore contribute to the low pregnancy rate in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sharma
- King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Dwenger A, Beychok C, Schweitzer G, Pape HC, Röllig G, Nerlich ML, Jonas E, Funck M, Zimmermann T, Albrecht S, Schuster R, Lauschke G, Jaroß W, Kaever V, Schmitz E, Resch K, Brandl H, Böhm WD, Beckert R, Köstler E, Menschikowski M, Kacian D, Lawrence T, Sanders M, Putnam J, Majlessi M, McDonough S, Ryder T, Santana Rodríguez JJ, Sosa Ferrera Z, Afonso Perera A, González Díaz V. Bioluminescence, chemiluminescence. Fresenius J Anal Chem 1990; 337:86-96. [PMID: 32226233 PMCID: PMC7100654 DOI: 10.1007/bf00325727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Dwenger
- 1Abteilung für Klinische Biochemie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Konstanty-Gutschow-Strasse 8, D-3000 Hannover 61, Federal Republic of Germany
- 4Abteilung für Klinische Biochemie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Konstanty-Gutschow-Strasse 8, D-3000 Hannover 61, Federal Republic of Germany
- 6Abteilung für Klinische Biochemie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Konstanty-Gutschow-Strasse 8, D-3000 Hannover 61, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - C Beychok
- 2Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, N.Y. USA
| | - G Schweitzer
- 1Abteilung für Klinische Biochemie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Konstanty-Gutschow-Strasse 8, D-3000 Hannover 61, Federal Republic of Germany
- 4Abteilung für Klinische Biochemie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Konstanty-Gutschow-Strasse 8, D-3000 Hannover 61, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - H C Pape
- 3Unfallchirurgische Klinik der MHH, Hannover
| | - G Röllig
- 4Abteilung für Klinische Biochemie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Konstanty-Gutschow-Strasse 8, D-3000 Hannover 61, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - M L Nerlich
- 5Unfallchirurgische Klinik der MHH, Hannover
| | - E Jonas
- 6Abteilung für Klinische Biochemie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Konstanty-Gutschow-Strasse 8, D-3000 Hannover 61, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - M Funck
- 6Abteilung für Klinische Biochemie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Konstanty-Gutschow-Strasse 8, D-3000 Hannover 61, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - T Zimmermann
- Klinik für Chirurgie, Fetscherstrasse 74, DDR-8019 Dresden, German Democratic Republic
| | - S Albrecht
- Institut für klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsdiagnostik der Medizinischen Akademie Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, DDR-8019 Dresden, German Democratic Republic
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsdiagnostik der Medizinischen Akademie "Carl Gustav Carus", Fetscherstrasse 74, DDR-8019 Dresden, German Democratic Republic
| | - R Schuster
- Klinik für Chirurgie, Fetscherstrasse 74, DDR-8019 Dresden, German Democratic Republic
| | - G Lauschke
- Klinik für Chirurgie, Fetscherstrasse 74, DDR-8019 Dresden, German Democratic Republic
| | - W Jaroß
- Institut für klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsdiagnostik der Medizinischen Akademie Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, DDR-8019 Dresden, German Democratic Republic
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsdiagnostik der Medizinischen Akademie "Carl Gustav Carus", Fetscherstrasse 74, DDR-8019 Dresden, German Democratic Republic
| | - V Kaever
- 9Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical School Hannover, Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, D-3000 Hannover 61, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - E Schmitz
- 9Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical School Hannover, Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, D-3000 Hannover 61, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - K Resch
- 9Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical School Hannover, Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, D-3000 Hannover 61, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - H Brandl
- Gymnasium Kaltenkirchen, Neuer Weg 9, D-2358 Kaltenkirchen, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - W-D Böhm
- Abteilung Urologie der Zentralen Hochschulpoliklinik der Medizinischen Akademie "Carl Gustav Carus", Fetscherstrasse 74, DDR-8019 Dresden, German Democratic Republic
| | - R Beckert
- 13Sektion Chemie der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Lessingstrasse 1, DDR-6900 Jena, German Democratic Republic
| | - E Köstler
- Hautklinik des Bezirkskrankenhauses Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Friedrichstrasse 41, DDR-8010 Dresden, German Democratic Republic
| | - M Menschikowski
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsdiagnostik der Medizinischen Akademie "Carl Gustav Carus", Fetscherstrasse 74, DDR-8019 Dresden, German Democratic Republic
| | - D Kacian
- 15Gen-Probe, Incorporated, 9880 Campus Point Dr., 92121 San Diego, CA USA
| | - T Lawrence
- 15Gen-Probe, Incorporated, 9880 Campus Point Dr., 92121 San Diego, CA USA
| | - M Sanders
- 15Gen-Probe, Incorporated, 9880 Campus Point Dr., 92121 San Diego, CA USA
| | - J Putnam
- 15Gen-Probe, Incorporated, 9880 Campus Point Dr., 92121 San Diego, CA USA
| | - M Majlessi
- 15Gen-Probe, Incorporated, 9880 Campus Point Dr., 92121 San Diego, CA USA
| | - S McDonough
- 15Gen-Probe, Incorporated, 9880 Campus Point Dr., 92121 San Diego, CA USA
| | - T Ryder
- 15Gen-Probe, Incorporated, 9880 Campus Point Dr., 92121 San Diego, CA USA
| | - J J Santana Rodríguez
- 16Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Z Sosa Ferrera
- 16Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - A Afonso Perera
- 17Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - V González Díaz
- 17Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Otubu JA, Winston RM, Wineman M, Ryder T. Morphology of human and experimental hydrosalpinges: a comparative study. Afr J Med Med Sci 1987; 16:79-88. [PMID: 2821781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Infection, and possibly raised intra-luminal pressure, may be responsible for the morphological changes and associated infertility that occur with hydrosalpinx formation. Biopsies from human hydrosalpinges were studied by light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Loss of mucosal folds, atrophied epithelium and varying degrees of deciliation were the main features found. Mechanical hydrosalpinges were produced in rabbits by double clip application (duration of clip application varied from 8 to 52 weeks). Morphological study of animal hydrosalpinges showed partial or complete loss of mucosal folds, atrophied epithelium and varying degrees of deciliation. The severity of morphological changes was related to duration of clip application. It is concluded that raised intra-luminal pressure plays a role in the morphological changes seen in human hydrosalpinges and infertility in women after anatomically successful salpingostomy. The rabbit would appear to provide a suitable model for the study of human hydrosalpinges. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the clinical management of hydrosalpinges.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Otubu
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, U.K
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Abstract
1. Two adult female badgers were water-deprived and/or fasted during the last one-half to two-thirds of pregnancy while a third pregnant female received water ad libitum and was fed meat and dog food. 2. The litter size, birth weights, post partum energy consumption, growth rate, development of homeothermy, tooth eruption and date of weaning, as well as other developmental characteristics, were not significantly different between cubs born to the fed or fasted mothers. 3. The energy demands for gestation are apparently small and are accommodated by fat reserves during periods of food deprivation. However, the calculated energy for lactation is 16 times that of gestation, which is quadruple the expenditure for most mammals. 4. As a result of delayed implantation, the length of gestation and litter weights of badgers are considerably below those predicted from allometric equations. 5. The period of lactation is therefore extremely critical to the survival of both the cubs and lactating adults which require heavy fat stores and possibly torpor to ensure sufficient energy availability during prolonged winter food shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Harlow
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
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Ohtsubo H, Vassino B, Ryder T, Ohtsubo E. A simple method for shortening a plasmid genome using a system of plasmid cointegration mediated by a Tn3 mutant. Gene X 1982; 20:245-54. [PMID: 6299891 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(82)90043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Abstract
The transforming protein of Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (Ki-MuSV) is a virally encoded 21-kilodalton protein called p21 kis. The sequences encoding p21 kis were genetically localized to a 1.3-kilobase segment near the 5' end of the viral genome by assaying the capacity of a series of defined deletion mutants of molecularly cloned Ki-MuSV DNA to induce focal transformation of mouse cells. Nucleotide sequencing of a portion of this region has led to the identification of an open reading frame of 567 nucleotides coding for p21 kis protein.
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Whitehead MI, Townsend PT, Pryse-Davies J, Ryder T, Lane G, Siddle NC, King RJ. Effects of various types and dosages of progestogens on the postmenopausal endometrium. J Reprod Med 1982; 27:539-48. [PMID: 7131447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Whitehead MI, Townsend PT, Pryse-Davies J, Ryder T, Lane G, Siddle N, King RJ. Actions of progestins on the morphology and biochemistry of the endometrium of postmenopausal women receiving low-dose estrogen therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982; 142:791-5. [PMID: 6278933 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(16)32490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial biopsies were obtained from postmenopausal women receiving 0.625 mg Premarin daily and either 2.5 or 5 mg norethindrone daily or 150 or 500 microgram dl-norgestrel daily for 10 days each month. Sample were taken during the estrogen-only phase of treatment and on the sixth day of combined estrogen/progestin administration. Progestin exposure caused marked morphologic and biochemical changes as well as features comparable with the premenopausal luteal phase. Thus, progestins oppose the stimulation of premarin to the postmenopausal endometrium. However, the currently recommended dosage of norethindrone and dl-norgestrel greatly exceed those necessary to suppress endometrial proliferation effectively. The recommended daily dosage may be lowered without losing protective effect. This reduction will probably minimize the risk of dose-dependent progestin side effects.
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Rosen J, Ryder T, Ohtsubo H, Ohtsubo E. Role of RNA transcripts in replication incompatibility and copy number control in antibiotic resistance plasmid derivatives. Nature 1981; 290:794-7. [PMID: 6163994 DOI: 10.1038/290794a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The genes required for autonomous replication and incompatibility in the antibiotic resistance plasmids R100 and R1 have been located within a 2.5-kilobase region of the 90-kilobase genome, within which the incompatibility gene occupies a 1.3-kilobase region excluding the replication origin. We now report that three RNA species are synthesized in vitro from the 2.5-kilobase region, which R100 and R1 have in common. One, a long RNA molecule which is transcribed in the direction of DNA replication, probably acts as a messenger or a protein required for plasmid replication. The second RNA species, only 91 nucleotides long, is transcribed in the opposite direction, from a region of the DNA entirely contained within the first and known to specify incompatibility and copy control functions. The third RNA species, 150 bases long, is transcribed from a region including the replication origin; it may be a primer of DNA synthesis or, in conjunction with the second of the three RNA species, an influence in the control of replication.
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Rosen J, Ryder T, Inokuchi H, Ohtsubo H, Ohtsubo E. Genes and sites involved in replication and incompatibility of an R100 plasmid derivative based on nucleotide sequence analysis. Mol Gen Genet 1980; 179:527-37. [PMID: 7003300 DOI: 10.1007/bf00271742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of the entire region required for autonomous replication and incompatibility of an R100 plasmid derivative, pSM1, has been determined. This region includes the replication region and all plasmid encoded information required for replication. Numerous reading frames for possible proteins can be found in this region. The existence of one of these proteins called RepA1 (285 amino acids; 33,000 daltons) which is encoded within the region known by cloning analysis to be required for replication is supported by several lines of evidence. These include an examination of the characteristic sequences on the proximal and distal ends of the coding region, a comparison of the sequence of the replication regions of pSM1 and the highly related R1 plasmid derivative Rsc13 as well as other biochemical and genetic evidence. The existence of two other proteins, RepA3 (64 amino acis; 7000 daltons) and RepA2 (103 amino acids; 11,400 daltons) is also consistent with most of the criteria mentioned above. However, the region encoding RepA3, which by cloning analysis is within the region responsible for both replication and incompatibility, has never been demonstrated to produce a 7,000 dalton polypeptide. Since a large secondary structure can be constructed in this region, it is possible that the region contains structure or other information that is responsible for incompatibility. RepA2, encoded entirely within the region identified by cloning analysis to be responsible for incompatibility but not for replication can be visualized in vivo and in vitro. However, the nucleotide sequence of the region encoding RepA2 is completely different in mutually incompatible plasmid derivatives of R1 and R100. It is therefore unlikely that RepA2 plays a major role in incompatibility. Thus, we predict that RepA2 is required to initiate DNA synthesis at the replication origin and that the region proximal to RepA2 either encodes a gene product or structure information that is responsible for incompatibility.
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Elwood WJ, Beveridge MD, Hunter TR, Sutherland RB, Ryder T, Woodcock RC. The Bolton TV "Hospital" series: 2. Were we right to have said "Yes" to the BBC? Hosp Health Serv Rev 1978; 74:43-8. [PMID: 10306772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Elwood WJ, Beveridge MD, Hunter TR, Sutherland RB, Ryder T, Woodcock RC. The Bolton TV "hospital" series. 1. How did it happen? Hosp Health Serv Rev 1978; 74:7-10. [PMID: 10306260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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