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Zhang X, Chen Z, Xiong Y, Zhou Q, Zhu LQ, Liu D. The emerging role of nitric oxide in the synaptic dysfunction of vascular dementia. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:402-415. [PMID: 38819044 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
With an increase in global aging, the number of people affected by cerebrovascular diseases is also increasing, and the incidence of vascular dementia-closely related to cerebrovascular risk-is increasing at an epidemic rate. However, few therapeutic options exist that can markedly improve the cognitive impairment and prognosis of vascular dementia patients. Similarly in Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders, synaptic dysfunction is recognized as the main reason for cognitive decline. Nitric oxide is one of the ubiquitous gaseous cellular messengers involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes of the central nervous system. Recently, nitric oxide has been implicated in regulating synaptic plasticity and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia. This review introduces in detail the emerging role of nitric oxide in physiological and pathological states of vascular dementia and summarizes the diverse effects of nitric oxide on different aspects of synaptic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction that underlie the progress of vascular dementia. Additionally, we propose that targeting the nitric oxide-sGC-cGMP pathway using certain specific approaches may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Center for Cognitive Science and Transdisciplinary Studies, Jiujiang University, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhiying Chen
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yinyi Xiong
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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2
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de Abreu Mello A, Motta Portal T, Allodi S, Nunes da Fonseca R, Monteiro de Barros C. Adrenoreceptor phylogeny and novel functions of nitric oxide in ascidian immune cells. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 203:108057. [PMID: 38176675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.108057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a simple molecule involved in many biological processes and functions in the cardiovascular, neural, and immune systems. In recent years, NO has also been recognized as a crucial messenger in communication between the nervous and immune systems. Together with NO, catecholamines are the main group of neurotransmitters involved in cross-talk between the nervous and immune systems. Catecholamines such as noradrenaline, can act on immune cells through adrenoreceptors (ARs) present on the cell surface, and NO can cross the cell membrane and interact with secondary messengers, modulating catecholamine production. Here, we analyzed the mutual modulation by noradrenaline and NO in Phallusia nigra immune cells for specific subtypes of ARs. We also investigated the involvement of protein kinases A and C as secondary messengers to these specific subtypes of ARs in the adrenergic signaling pathway that culminates in NO modulation, and the phylogenetic distribution of ARs in deuterostome genomes. This analysis provided evidence for single-copy orthologs of α1, α2 and β-AR in ascidian genomes, suggesting that NO and NA act on a less diverse set of ARs in urochordates. Pharmacological assays showed that high levels of NO can induce ascidian immune cells to produce catecholamines. We also observed that protein kinases A and C are the secondary messengers involved in downstream modulation of NO production through an ancestral β-AR. Taken together, these results provide new information on NO as a modulator of immune cells, and reveal the molecules involved in the signaling pathway of ARs. The results also indicate that ARs may participate in NO modulation. Finally, our results suggest that the common ancestor of urochordates possessed a less complex system of ARs required for immune action and diverse pharmacological responses, since the α-ARs are phylogenetically more related to D1-receptors than are the β-ARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa de Abreu Mello
- Laboratório Integrado de Biociências Translacionais, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Macaé, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurobiologia Comparativa e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Taynan Motta Portal
- Laboratório Integrado de Biociências Translacionais, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Silvana Allodi
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Comparativa e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Nunes da Fonseca
- Laboratório Integrado de Ciências Morfofuncionais, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade- NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ-Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cintia Monteiro de Barros
- Laboratório Integrado de Biociências Translacionais, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Macaé, RJ, Brazil.
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3
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Prévot V, Tena-Sempere M, Pitteloud N. New Horizons: Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Cognition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:2747-2758. [PMID: 37261390 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is essential for activating and maintaining the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, which controls the onset of puberty and fertility. Two recent studies suggest that, in addition to controlling reproduction, the neurons in the brain that produce GnRH are also involved in the control of postnatal brain maturation, odor discrimination, and adult cognition. This review will summarize the development and establishment of the GnRH system, with particular attention to the importance of its first postnatal activation, a phenomenon known as minipuberty, for later reproductive and nonreproductive functions. In addition, we will discuss the beneficial effects of restoring physiological (ie, pulsatile) GnRH levels on olfactory and cognitive alterations in preclinical Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease models, as well as the potential risks associated with long-term continuous (ie, nonphysiological) GnRH administration in certain disorders. Finally, this review addresses the intriguing possibility that pulsatile GnRH therapy may hold therapeutic potential for the management of some neurodevelopmental cognitive disorders and pathological aging in elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Prévot
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR S1172, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Université of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
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4
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Masliukov PM. Changes of Signaling Pathways in Hypothalamic Neurons with Aging. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8289-8308. [PMID: 37886966 PMCID: PMC10605528 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is an important regulator of autonomic and endocrine functions also involved in aging regulation. The aging process in the hypothalamus is accompanied by disturbed intracellular signaling including insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)/growth hormone (GH), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-ĸB), and nitric oxide (NO). In the current review, I have summarized the current understanding of the changes in the above-mentioned pathways in aging with a focus on hypothalamic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr M Masliukov
- Department Normal Physiology, Yaroslavl State Medical University, ul. Revoliucionnaya 5, 150000 Yaroslavl, Russia
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5
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Chachlaki K, Le Duc K, Storme L, Prévot V. [Minipuberty: A critical period for brain functional development]. Med Sci (Paris) 2023; 39:697-700. [PMID: 37943124 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2023113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Chachlaki
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, laboratoire du développement et de la plasticité du cerveau neuroendocrine, Lille Neuroscience et cognition, UMR_S1172, Lille, France - Fédérations hospitalo-universitaires (FHU) « 1 000 Premiers jours de vie », Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Kevin Le Duc
- Fédérations hospitalo-universitaires (FHU) « 1 000 Premiers jours de vie », Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU de Lille, Lille, France - Département de néonatalogie, hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Laurent Storme
- Fédérations hospitalo-universitaires (FHU) « 1 000 Premiers jours de vie », Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU de Lille, Lille, France - Département de néonatalogie, hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Prévot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, laboratoire du développement et de la plasticité du cerveau neuroendocrine, Lille Neuroscience et cognition, UMR_S1172, Lille, France - Fédérations hospitalo-universitaires (FHU) « 1 000 Premiers jours de vie », Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
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6
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Prévot V, Duittoz A. A role for GnRH in olfaction and cognition: Implications for veterinary medicine. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58 Suppl 2:109-124. [PMID: 37329313 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is essential for the activation and maintenance of the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, which controls the onset of puberty and fertility. Two provocative recent studies suggest that, in addition to control reproduction, the neurons in the brain that produce GnRH are also involved in the control postnatal brain maturation, odour discrimination and adult cognition. Long-acting GnRH antagonists and agonists are commonly used to control fertility and behaviour in veterinary medicine, primarily in males. This review puts into perspective the potential risks of these androgen deprivation therapies and immunization on olfactory and cognitive performances and well-aging in domestic animals, including pets. We will also discuss the results reporting beneficial effects of pharmacological interventions restoring physiological GnRH levels on olfactory and cognitive alterations in preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease, which shares many pathophysiological and behavioural hallmarks with canine cognitive dysfunction. These novel findings raise the intriguing possibility that pulsatile GnRH therapy holds therapeutic potential for the management of this behavioural syndrome affecting older dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Prévot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR_S1172, Lille, France
| | - Anne Duittoz
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC) UMR7247 INRA, CNRS, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
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7
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van Kraaij SJW, Gal P, Borghans LGJM, Klaassen ES, Dijkstra F, Winrow C, Glasser C, Groeneveld GJ. First-in-human trial to assess safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of zagociguat (CY6463), a CNS-penetrant soluble guanylyl cyclase stimulator. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:1381-1395. [PMID: 37118895 PMCID: PMC10432884 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and its product, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, play a role in learning and memory formation. Zagociguat (CY6463) is a novel stimulator of sGC being developed for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. Single zagociguat doses of 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 20, 30, and 50 mg were administered once to healthy participants in a single-ascending-dose phase; then zagociguat 2, 5, 10, and 15 mg was administered q.d. for 14 days in a multiple-ascending-dose phase; and, finally, zagociguat 10 mg was administered once in both fed and fasted state in a food-interaction phase. Safety of zagociguat was evaluated by monitoring treatment-emergent adverse events, suicide risk, vital signs, electrocardiography, and laboratory tests. Pharmacokinetics of zagociguat were assessed through blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid sampling. Pharmacodynamic effects of zagociguat were evaluated with central nervous system (CNS) tests and pharmaco-electroencephalography. Zagociguat was well-tolerated across all doses evaluated. Zagociguat exposures increased in a dose-proportional manner. Median time to maximum concentration ranged from 0.8 to 5 h and mean terminal half-life from 52.8 to 67.1 h. CNS penetration of the compound was confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid sampling. Zagociguat induced up to 6.1 mmHg reduction in mean systolic and up to 7.5 mmHg reduction in mean diastolic blood pressure. No consistent pharmacodynamic (PD) effects on neurocognitive function were observed. Zagociguat was well-tolerated, CNS-penetrant, and demonstrated PD activity consistent with other sGC stimulators. The results of this study support further development of zagociguat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pim Gal
- Centre for Human Drug ResearchLeidenThe Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Francis Dijkstra
- Centre for Human Drug ResearchLeidenThe Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Geert Jan Groeneveld
- Centre for Human Drug ResearchLeidenThe Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
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8
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Wells-Gatnik WD, Wences Chirino TY, Onan FN, Onan D, Martelletti P. Emerging experimental drugs in clinical trials for migraine: observations and key talking points. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:761-771. [PMID: 37672405 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2254691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There have been significant advances in the treatment of migraine. In response to the clinical success of monoclonal antibodies targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide, there is interest in the clinical trial outcomes of alternative emerging drugs that act on novel targets associated with migraine pathophysiology. As approximately 50% of patients do not respond to CGRP therapies, there is significant value in future drug innovation. Emerging drugs in clinical trials for the treatment of migraine aim to fill this need. AREAS COVERED The emerging drugs that will be discussed in this review include zavegepant, lasmiditan, delta opioid receptor agonists, neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies targeting pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptor, dual orexin receptor antagonists, metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonists, and inducers of ketosis. EXPERT OPINION When considering the preclinical and clinical research related to the emerging drug classes discussed in this review, most therapies are derived from highly supported targets of migraine pathogenesis. Although the individual drugs discussed in this review may be of dubious clinical value, the importance of the therapeutic targets on which they act cannot be understated. Future research is necessary to appropriately target the pathways elucidated by preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dilara Onan
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Paolo Martelletti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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9
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Huang Z, Hu B, Xiang B, Fang H, Zhang B, Wang Y, Zhuo Y, Deng D, Wang X. Biomimetic Biomembrane Encapsulation and Targeted Delivery of a Nitric Oxide Release Platform for Therapy of Parkinson's Disease. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:2545-2557. [PMID: 37040524 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the complex inflammatory environment in the brain are two major obstacles in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). As a target group, we modified the red blood cell membrane (RBCM) on the surface of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) in this study to effectively target the brain. Mesoporous silicon, coated with UCNPs (UCM), was loaded with S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) as the nitric oxide (NO) donor. Then, UCNPs were excited to emit green light (540 nm) by 980 nm near-infrared (NIR). In addition, it produced a light-responsive anti-inflammatory effect by promoting the release of NO from GSNO and lowering the brain's level of proinflammatory factors. A series of experiments demonstrated that this strategy could effectively mitigate the inflammatory response damage of neurons in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Hu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- The Department of Internal Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Bohan Xiang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Huaqiang Fang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- The Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Bingzhen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhuo
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Dan Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, Jiangxi, P. R. China
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10
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Akyuz E, Celik BR, Aslan FS, Sahin H, Angelopoulou E. Exploring the Role of Neurotransmitters in Multiple Sclerosis: An Expanded Review. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:527-553. [PMID: 36724132 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Although emerging evidence has shown that changes in neurotransmitter levels in the synaptic gap may contribute to the pathophysiology of MS, their specific role has not been elucidated yet. In this review, we aim to analyze preclinical and clinical evidence on the structural and functional changes in neurotransmitters in MS and critically discuss their potential role in MS pathophysiology. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that alterations in glutamate metabolism may contribute to MS pathophysiology, by causing excitotoxic neuronal damage. Dysregulated interaction between glutamate and GABA results in synaptic loss. The GABAergic system also plays an important role, by regulating the activity and plasticity of neural networks. Targeting GABAergic/glutamatergic transmission may be effective in fatigue and cognitive impairment in MS. Acetylcholine (ACh) and dopamine can also affect the T-mediated inflammatory responses, thereby being implicated in MS-related neuroinflammation. Also, melatonin might affect the frequency of relapses in MS, by regulating the sleep-wake cycle. Increased levels of nitric oxide in inflammatory lesions of MS patients may be also associated with axonal neuronal degeneration. Therefore, neurotransmitter imbalance may be critically implicated in MS pathophysiology, and future studies are needed for our deeper understanding of their role in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enes Akyuz
- Department of Biophysics, International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey, 34668
| | - Betul Rana Celik
- Hamidiye School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey, 34668
| | - Feyza Sule Aslan
- Hamidiye International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey, 34668
| | - Humeyra Sahin
- School of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey, 34093
| | - Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece, 115 27
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11
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Liu X, Liu Y, Qiang L, Ren Y, Lin Y, Li H, Chen Q, Gao S, Yang X, Zhang C, Fan M, Zheng P, Li S, Wang J. Multifunctional 3D-printed bioceramic scaffolds: Recent strategies for osteosarcoma treatment. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231170371. [PMID: 37205149 PMCID: PMC10186582 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231170371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most prevalent bone malignant tumor in children and teenagers. The bone defect, recurrence, and metastasis after surgery severely affect the life quality of patients. Clinically, bone grafts are implanted. Primary bioceramic scaffolds show a monomodal osteogenesis function. With the advances in three-dimensional printing technology and materials science, while maintaining the osteogenesis ability, scaffolds become more patient-specific and obtain additional anti-tumor ability with functional agents being loaded. Anti-tumor therapies include photothermal, magnetothermal, old and novel chemo-, gas, and photodynamic therapy. These strategies kill tumors through novel mechanisms to treat refractory osteosarcoma due to drug resistance, and some have shown the potential to reverse drug resistance and inhibit metastasis. Therefore, multifunctional three-dimensional printed bioceramic scaffolds hold excellent promise for osteosarcoma treatments. To better understand, we review the background of osteosarcoma, primary 3D-printed bioceramic scaffolds, and different therapies and have a prospect for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingran Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic
Implant, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of
Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic
Implant, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of
Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Qiang
- Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu,
China
| | - Ya Ren
- Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu,
China
| | - Yixuan Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic
Implant, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of
Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuhan Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of
Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuxin Gao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of
Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu,
China
| | - Changru Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic
Implant, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of
Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjie Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First
Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinwu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic
Implant, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of
Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu,
China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University,
Shanghai, China
- Weifang Medical University School of
Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
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12
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Delli V, Dehame J, Franssen D, Rasika S, Parent AS, Prevot V, Chachlaki K. Male minipuberty involves the gonad-independent activation of preoptic nNOS neurons. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 194:199-208. [PMID: 36470319 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is crucial for the establishment of reproductive function. In female mice, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activity appears to be key for the first postnatal activation of the neural network promoting the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), i.e. minipuberty. However, in males, the profile of minipuberty as well as the role of nNOS-expressing neurons remain unexplored. METHODS nNOS-deficient and wild-type mice were studied during postnatal development. The expression of androgen (AR) and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) as well as nNOS phosphorylation were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in nNOS neurons in the median preoptic nucleus (MePO), where most GnRH neuronal cell bodies reside, and the hormonal profile of nNOS-deficient male mice was assessed using previously established radioimmunoassay and ELISA methods. Gonadectomy and pharmacological manipulation of ERα were used to elucidate the mechanism of minipubertal nNOS activation and the maturation of the HPG axis. RESULTS In male mice, minipubertal FSH release occurred at P23, preceding the LH surge at P30, when balanopreputial separation occurs. Progesterone and testosterone remained low during minipuberty, increasing around puberty, whereas estrogen levels were high throughout postnatal development. nNOS neurons showed a sharp increase in Ser1412 phosphorylation of nNOS at P23, a phenomenon that occurred even in the absence of the gonads. In male mice, nNOS neurons did not appear to express AR, but abundantly expressed ERα throughout postnatal development. Selective pharmacological blockade of ERα during the infantile period blunted Ser1412 phosphorylation of nNOS at P23. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the timing of minipuberty differs in male mice when compared to females, but as in the latter, nNOS activity in the preoptic region plays a role in this process. Additionally, akin to male non-human primates, the profile of minipuberty in male mice is shaped by sex-independent mechanisms, and possibly involves extragonadal estrogen sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Delli
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR-S 1172, F-59000, Lille, France; FHU 1,000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Julien Dehame
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR-S 1172, F-59000, Lille, France; FHU 1,000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Franssen
- GIGA Neurosciences, Neuroendocrinology Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - S Rasika
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR-S 1172, F-59000, Lille, France; FHU 1,000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Anne-Simone Parent
- GIGA Neurosciences, Neuroendocrinology Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR-S 1172, F-59000, Lille, France; FHU 1,000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Konstantina Chachlaki
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR-S 1172, F-59000, Lille, France; FHU 1,000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, F-59000, Lille, France; University Research Institute of Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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13
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George H, Mercer GV, Stapleton D, Dawson L, MacCallum PE, Spring S, Sled JG, Blundell J, Cahill LS. Structural brain abnormalities in endothelial nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice revealed by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2801. [PMID: 36259950 PMCID: PMC9660425 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) produces nitric oxide, which is essential for a variety of physiological functions in the brain. Previous work has demonstrated the detrimental effects of eNOS deficiency on brain function in male eNOS knockout (eNOS KO) mice. However, the effect of eNOS deficiency on brain structure and any association between these effects and sex is unknown. METHODS This study used three-dimensional high-resolution ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral tests of anxiety and cognitive performance to investigate structure-function relationships in the brain of female and male eNOS KO mice in young adulthood. RESULTS While there were no differences in anxiety-like behavior or locomotion, there was a sex-specific deficit in contextual fear memory retention in male, but not in female, eNOS mice compared to wild-type controls. Moreover, we found that eNOS deficiency induced changes in multiple brain regions that are involved in learning and fear memory including the hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, and areas of the cortex. Several of these MRI-detectable neuroanatomical changes were dependent on sex. CONCLUSION The observation that eNOS deficiency impacts brain structure at an early age demonstrates the importance of eNOS for healthy brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah George
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Grace V Mercer
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Darcie Stapleton
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Laura Dawson
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Phillip E MacCallum
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Shoshana Spring
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - John G Sled
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Blundell
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Lindsay S Cahill
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada.,Discipline of Radiology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
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14
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Chachlaki K, Messina A, Delli V, Leysen V, Maurnyi C, Huber C, Ternier G, Skrapits K, Papadakis G, Shruti S, Kapanidou M, Cheng X, Acierno J, Rademaker J, Rasika S, Quinton R, Niedziela M, L'Allemand D, Pignatelli D, Dirlewander M, Lang-Muritano M, Kempf P, Catteau-Jonard S, Niederländer NJ, Ciofi P, Tena-Sempere M, Garthwaite J, Storme L, Avan P, Hrabovszky E, Carleton A, Santoni F, Giacobini P, Pitteloud N, Prevot V. NOS1 mutations cause hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with sensory and cognitive deficits that can be reversed in infantile mice. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabh2369. [PMID: 36197968 PMCID: PMC7613826 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abh2369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway in hypothalamic neurons plays a key role in the regulation of the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which is crucial for reproduction. We hypothesized that a disruption of neuronal NO synthase (NOS1) activity underlies some forms of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on a cohort of 341 probands with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism to identify ultrarare variants in NOS1. The activity of the identified NOS1 mutant proteins was assessed by their ability to promote nitrite and cGMP production in vitro. In addition, physiological and pharmacological characterization was carried out in a Nos1-deficient mouse model. We identified five heterozygous NOS1 loss-of-function mutations in six probands with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (2%), who displayed additional phenotypes including anosmia, hearing loss, and intellectual disability. NOS1 was found to be transiently expressed by GnRH neurons in the nose of both humans and mice, and Nos1 deficiency in mice resulted in dose-dependent defects in sexual maturation as well as in olfaction, hearing, and cognition. The pharmacological inhibition of NO production in postnatal mice revealed a critical time window during which Nos1 activity shaped minipuberty and sexual maturation. Inhaled NO treatment at minipuberty rescued both reproductive and behavioral phenotypes in Nos1-deficient mice. In summary, lack of NOS1 activity led to GnRH deficiency associated with sensory and intellectual comorbidities in humans and mice. NO treatment during minipuberty reversed deficits in sexual maturation, olfaction, and cognition in Nos1 mutant mice, suggesting a potential therapy for humans with NO deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Chachlaki
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille F-59000, France.,FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille F-59000, France.,Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland.,University Research Institute of Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - Andrea Messina
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Virginia Delli
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille F-59000, France.,FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Valerie Leysen
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille F-59000, France.,FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Csilla Maurnyi
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 43 Szigony St., Budapest 1083, Hungary
| | - Chieko Huber
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel-Servet, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Gaëtan Ternier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille F-59000, France.,FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Katalin Skrapits
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 43 Szigony St., Budapest 1083, Hungary
| | - Georgios Papadakis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Sonal Shruti
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille F-59000, France.,FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Maria Kapanidou
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Xu Cheng
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - James Acierno
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Jesse Rademaker
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Sowmyalakshmi Rasika
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille F-59000, France.,FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Richard Quinton
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute and the Royal Victoria Infirmary, University of Newcastle , Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Marek Niedziela
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 61-701, Poland
| | - Dagmar L'Allemand
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen 9000, Switzerland
| | - Duarte Pignatelli
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital S João; Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto; IPATIMUP Research Institute, Porto 4200-319, Portugal
| | - Mirjam Dirlewander
- Pediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Children's Hospital, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva CH1205, Switzerland
| | - Mariarosaria Lang-Muritano
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital, Zürich 8032, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Kempf
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Catteau-Jonard
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille F-59000, France.,FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille F-59000, France.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstretic, Jeanne de Flandres Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Nicolas J Niederländer
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Ciofi
- Inserm, U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33077, France
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba 14004, Spain.,Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC/HURS), Cordoba 14004, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba 14004, Spain
| | - John Garthwaite
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6DH, UK
| | - Laurent Storme
- FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille F-59000, France.,Department of Neonatology, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU of Lille, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Paul Avan
- Université de Clerremont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand F-63000, France
| | - Erik Hrabovszky
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 43 Szigony St., Budapest 1083, Hungary
| | - Alan Carleton
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel-Servet, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Federico Santoni
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille F-59000, France.,FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille F-59000, France.,FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille F-59000, France
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15
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Precocious puberty in narcolepsy type 1: Orexin loss and/or neuroinflammation, which is to blame? Sleep Med Rev 2022; 65:101683. [PMID: 36096986 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a rare neurological sleep disorder triggered by postnatal loss of the orexin/hypocretin neuropeptides. Overweight/obesity and precocious puberty are highly prevalent comorbidities of NT1, with a close temporal correlation with disease onset, suggesting a common origin. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown and merit further investigation. The main question we address in this review is whether the occurrence of precocious puberty in NT1 is due to the lack of orexin/hypocretin or rather to a wider hypothalamic dysfunction in the context of neuroinflammation, which is likely to accompany the disease given its autoimmune origins. Our analysis suggests that the suspected generalized neuroinflammation of the hypothalamus in NT1 would tend to delay puberty rather than hastening it. In contrast, that the brutal loss of orexin/hypocretin would favor an early reactivation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion during the prepubertal period in vulnerable children, leading to early puberty onset. Orexin/hypocretin replacement could thus be envisaged as a potential treatment for precocious puberty in NT1. Additionally, we put forward an alternative hypothesis regarding the concomitant occurrence of sleepiness, weight gain and early puberty in NT1.
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16
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Theivendran S, Gu Z, Tang J, Yang Y, Song H, Yang Y, Zhang M, Cheng D, Yu C. Nanostructured Organosilica Nitric Oxide Donors Intrinsically Regulate Macrophage Polarization with Antitumor Effect. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10943-10957. [PMID: 35735363 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has many important biological functions; however, it has been a long-standing challenge to utilize the exogenous NO donor itself in the activation of macrophages for cancer immunotherapy. Herein, we report the synthesis of a nanoparticle-based NO delivery platform with a rational design for effective NO delivery and macrophage activation. S-Nitrosothiol (SNO) modified organosilica nanoparticles with a tetrasulfide-containing composition produced a higher level of intracellular NO than their bare silica counterparts in macrophages. Enhanced intracellular delivery of NO resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and disruption of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, leading to macrophage activation and delayed tumor growth. This study provides insights on intracellularly delivered NO for regulating the polarization of macrophages and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shevanuja Theivendran
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Zhengying Gu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yannan Yang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hao Song
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yang Yang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Min Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Dan Cheng
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Chengzhong Yu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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17
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Female sexual behavior is disrupted in a preclinical mouse model of PCOS via an attenuated hypothalamic nitric oxide pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203503119. [PMID: 35867816 PMCID: PMC9335209 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203503119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a major endocrine disorder leading to female infertility worldwide. Patients with PCOS also often experience sexual dysfunction; however, the developmental and central mechanisms mediating this behavioral derangement are unclear. Here, we show that prenatal excess of anti-Müllerian hormone triggers PCOS-like impairment in female sexual behavior in mice. Sexual dysfunction in PCOS-like mice is associated with decreased expression of progesterone-sensitive neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) neurons in the hypothalamus. Chemogenetic inhibition of nNOS neuronal activity in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus recapitulates PCOS-like sexual dysfunction. Of clinical relevance, administration of nitric oxide donor rescues normal sexual behavior in PCOS-like mice. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) frequently experience decreased sexual arousal, desire, and sexual satisfaction. While the hypothalamus is known to regulate sexual behavior, the specific neuronal pathways affected in patients with PCOS are not known. To dissect the underlying neural circuitry, we capitalized on a robust preclinical animal model that reliably recapitulates all cardinal PCOS features. We discovered that female mice prenatally treated with anti-Müllerian hormone (PAMH) display impaired sexual behavior and sexual partner preference over the reproductive age. Blunted female sexual behavior was associated with increased sexual rejection and independent of sex steroid hormone status. Structurally, sexual dysfunction was associated with a substantial loss of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-expressing neurons in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) and other areas of hypothalamic nuclei involved in social behaviors. Using in vivo chemogenetic manipulation, we show that nNOSVMH neurons are required for the display of normal sexual behavior in female mice and that pharmacological replenishment of nitric oxide restores normal sexual performance in PAMH mice. Our data provide a framework to investigate facets of hypothalamic nNOS neuron biology with implications for sexual disturbances in PCOS.
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18
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Transcranial Photobiomodulation Therapy for Sexual Dysfunction Associated with Depression or Induced by Antidepressant Medications. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9050330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sexual dysfunction (SD) is frequently encountered in patients suffering from depression. There is a bidirectional relationship between various types of SD and depression, so the presence or treatment of one condition may exacerbate or improve the other condition. The most frequent sexual problem in untreated depressed patients is declining sexual desire, while in treated depressed patients it is difficulties with erection/ejaculation and with orgasm. Numerous classes of neuropsychiatric medications, commonly used in depressed patients—such as antidepressant, antipsychotic, alpha sympathetic, and opioid drugs—may cause SD. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy, also called low-level light/laser therapy, is a novel neuromodulation technique for neuropsychiatric conditions, such as depression. Transcranial PBM (tPBM) targets the cellular metabolism—through the mitochondrial respiratory enzyme, cytochrome c oxidase—and has numerous cellular and physiological beneficial effects on the central nervous system. This paper represents a comprehensive review of the application of tPBM to SD, coexisting with depression or induced by antidepressant medications.
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19
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Koroleva KS, Svitko SO, Nurmieva DA, Gafurov OS, Buglinina AD, Sitdikova GF. Effects of Nitric Oxide on the Electrical Activity of the Rat Trigeminal Nerve and Mast Cell Morphology. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022030243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Prevot V, Sharif A. The polygamous GnRH neuron: Astrocytic and tanycytic communication with a neuroendocrine neuronal population. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13104. [PMID: 35233849 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To ensure the survival of the species, hypothalamic neuroendocrine circuits controlling fertility, which converge onto neurons producing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), must respond to fluctuating physiological conditions by undergoing rapid and reversible structural and functional changes. However, GnRH neurons do not act alone, but through reciprocal interactions with multiple hypothalamic cell populations, including several glial and endothelial cell types. For instance, it has long been known that in the hypothalamic median eminence, where GnRH axons terminate and release their neurohormone into the pituitary portal blood circulation, morphological plasticity displayed by distal processes of tanycytes modifies their relationship with adjacent neurons as well as the spatial properties of the neurohemal junction. These alterations not only regulate the capacity of GnRH neurons to release their neurohormone, but also the activation of discrete non-neuronal pathways that mediate feedback by peripheral hormones onto the hypothalamus. Additionally, a recent breakthrough has demonstrated that GnRH neurons themselves orchestrate the establishment of their neuroendocrine circuitry during postnatal development by recruiting an entourage of newborn astrocytes that escort them into adulthood and, via signalling through gliotransmitters such as prostaglandin E2, modulate their activity and GnRH release. Intriguingly, several environmental and behavioural toxins perturb these neuron-glia interactions and consequently, reproductive maturation and fertility. Deciphering the communication between GnRH neurons and other neural cell types constituting hypothalamic neuroendocrine circuits is thus critical both to understanding physiological processes such as puberty, oestrous cyclicity and aging, and to developing novel therapeutic strategies for dysfunctions of these processes, including the effects of endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Prevot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, FHU 1000 Days for Health, Lille, France
| | - Ariane Sharif
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, FHU 1000 Days for Health, Lille, France
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21
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Chen X, Xiao Z, Cai Y, Huang L, Chen C. Hypothalamic mechanisms of obesity-associated disturbance of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:206-217. [PMID: 35063326 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ovulatory disorders are the most common clinical feature exhibited among obese women. Initiation of ovulation physiologically requires a surge of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) released from GnRH neurons located in the hypothalamus. These GnRH neurons receive metabolic signals from circulation and vicinal neurons to regulate GnRH release. Leptin acts indirectly on GnRH via adjacent leptin receptor (LEPR)-expressing neurons such as proopiomelanocortin (POMC), neuropeptide Y (NPY)/agouti-related peptide (AgRP), and neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase (nNOS) neurons to affect GnRH neuronal activities. Additionally, hypothalamic inflammation also affects ovulation independent of obesity. Therefore, this review focuses on hypothalamic mechanisms that underlie the disturbance of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis during obesity with an attempt to promote future studies and/or novel therapeutic strategies for ovulatory disorders in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuoni Xiao
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuli Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lili Huang
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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Characterization of the L-Arginine/Nitric Oxide Pathway and Oxidative Stress in Pediatric Patients with Atopic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042136. [PMID: 35216250 PMCID: PMC8878534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: L-Arginine (Arg) is a semi-essential amino acid. Constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms convert Arg to nitric oxide (NO), a potent vaso- and bronchodilator with multiple biological functions. Atopic dermatitis (AD) and bronchial asthma (BA) are atopic diseases affecting many children globally. Several studies analyzed NO in airways, yet the systemic synthesis of NO in AD and BA in children with BA, AD or both is elusive. Methods: In a multicenter study, blood and urine were obtained from 130 of 302 participating children for the measurement of metabolites of the Arg/NO pathway (BA 31.5%; AD 5.4%; AD + BA 36.1%; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 12.3%). In plasma and urine amino acids Arg and homoarginine (hArg), both substrates of NOS, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), both inhibitors of NOS, dimethylamine (DMA), and nitrite and nitrate, were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured in plasma and urine samples to evaluate possible effects of oxidative stress. Results: There were no differences in the Arg/NO pathway between the groups of children with different atopic diseases. In comparison to children with ADHD, children with AD, BA or AD and BA had higher plasma nitrite (p < 0.001) and nitrate (p < 0.001) concentrations, suggesting higher systemic NO synthesis in AD and BA. Urinary excretion of DMA was also higher (p = 0.028) in AD and BA compared to patients with ADHD, suggesting elevated ADMA metabolization. Discussion/Conclusion: The Arg/NO pathway is activated in atopic diseases independent of severity. Systemic NO synthesis is increased in children with an atopic disease. Plasma and urinary MDA levels did not differ between the groups, suggesting no effect of oxidative stress on the Arg/NO pathway in atopic diseases.
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Vallcaneras S, Morales L, Delsouc MB, Ramirez D, Filippa V, Fernández M, Telleria CM, Casais M. Interplay between nitric oxide and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone in the neuromodulation of the corpus luteum during late pregnancy in the rat. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:19. [PMID: 35081973 PMCID: PMC8793209 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide and GnRH are biological factors that participate in the regulation of reproductive functions. To our knowledge, there are no studies that link NO and GnRH in the sympathetic ganglia. Thus, the aim of the present work was to investigate the influence of NO on GnRH release from the coeliac ganglion and its effect on luteal regression at the end of pregnancy in the rat. METHODS The ex vivo system composed by the coeliac ganglion, the superior ovarian nerve, and the ovary of rats on day 21 of pregnancy was incubated for 180 min with the addition, into the ganglionic compartment, of L-NG-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a non-selective NO synthase inhibitor. The control group consisted in untreated organ systems. RESULTS The addition of L-NAME in the coeliac ganglion compartment decreased NO as well as GnRH release from the coeliac ganglion. In the ovarian compartment, and with respect to the control group, we observed a reduced release of GnRH, NO, and noradrenaline, but an increased production of progesterone, estradiol, and expression of their limiting biosynthetic enzymes, 3β-HSD and P450 aromatase, respectively. The inhibition of NO production by L-NAME in the coeliac ganglion compartment also reduced luteal apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, and nitrotyrosine, whereas it increased the total antioxidant capacity within the corpora lutea. CONCLUSION Collectively, the results indicate that NO production by the coeliac ganglion modulates the physiology of the ovary and luteal regression during late pregnancy in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vallcaneras
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET), Av. Ejército de los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Laura Morales
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET), Av. Ejército de los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - María Belén Delsouc
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET), Av. Ejército de los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Darío Ramirez
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental & Traduccional (LME&T), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET), Av. Ejército de los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Verónica Filippa
- Laboratorio de Histología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejercito de los Andes 950, Bloque I, Piso No. 1, 5700, San Luis, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Marina Fernández
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), V. de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Telleria
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Duff Medical Sciences Building, Laboratory B22, Montreal, Quebec, PC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Marilina Casais
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET), Av. Ejército de los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina.
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Sha'ari N, Woon LSC, Sidi H, Das S, Bousman CA, Mohamed Saini S. Beneficial effects of natural products on female sexual dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153760. [PMID: 34638031 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) includes female orgasmic disorder, female sexual interest or arousal disorder, and genito-pelvic pain or penetration disorder. FSD affects 40% of women worldwide, but it is understudied and likely undertreated. Natural products are frequently used by women to treat FSD, but scientific evidence of their efficacy is lacking. OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis focused on the study of the efficacy of natural products on FSD. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of existing studies on natural products in the treatment of FSD. METHODS The literature search included MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial databases for studies published from January 2000 to February 2020. The quality and the level of evidence of the studies were assessed. The association between natural products and FSD was summarized using standardized mean differences (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS A total of 536 studies were identified, with 20 of them meeting the criteria. According to this meta-analysis, Tribulus terrestris showed a significant positive effect in improving overall female sexual function (SMD = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.46 - 1.79, p = 0.001) and individual sexual arousal (SMD = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.22 - 1.84, p = 0.013), sexual desire (SMD = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.52 - 1.63, p ≤ 0.001) and sexual orgasm (SMD = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.02 - 1.00, p = 0.040) domains compared to placebo. Panax ginseng was found to be effective in treating sexual arousal (SMD = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.11 - 0.97, p = 0.014) and sexual desire (SMD = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.27 - 0.90, p < 0.001) compared to placebo. Meanwhile, other natural products reviewed in this study, such as Trifolium pretense, did not differ significantly from placebo in terms of improving FSD. CONCLUSION Preliminary evidence suggests that Tribulus terrestris and Panax ginseng may be effective as alternative treatments for FSD in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahdiya Sha'ari
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Jalan Langat, Klang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Luke Sy-Cherng Woon
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hatta Sidi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Human & Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Chad A Bousman
- Department of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Suriati Mohamed Saini
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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GnRH neurons recruit astrocytes in infancy to facilitate network integration and sexual maturation. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:1660-1672. [PMID: 34795451 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurons that produce gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which control fertility, complete their nose-to-brain migration by birth. However, their function depends on integration within a complex neuroglial network during postnatal development. Here, we show that rodent GnRH neurons use a prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1 signaling mechanism during infancy to recruit newborn astrocytes that 'escort' them into adulthood, and that the impairment of postnatal hypothalamic gliogenesis markedly alters sexual maturation by preventing this recruitment, a process mimicked by the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A. Inhibition of DP1 signaling in the infantile preoptic region, where GnRH cell bodies reside, disrupts the correct wiring and firing of GnRH neurons, alters minipuberty or the first activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis during infancy, and delays the timely acquisition of reproductive capacity. These findings uncover a previously unknown neuron-to-neural-progenitor communication pathway and demonstrate that postnatal astrogenesis is a basic component of a complex set of mechanisms used by the neuroendocrine brain to control sexual maturation.
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Sun J, Xing F, Braun J, Traub F, Rommens PM, Xiang Z, Ritz U. Progress of Phototherapy Applications in the Treatment of Bone Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111354. [PMID: 34768789 PMCID: PMC8584114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer including primary bone cancer and metastatic bone cancer, remains a challenge claiming millions of lives and affecting the life quality of survivors. Conventional treatments of bone cancer include wide surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, some bone cancer cells may remain or recur in the local area after resection, some are highly resistant to chemotherapy, and some are insensitive to radiotherapy. Phototherapy (PT) including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), is a clinically approved, minimally invasive, and highly selective treatment, and has been widely reported for cancer therapy. Under the irradiation of light of a specific wavelength, the photosensitizer (PS) in PDT can cause the increase of intracellular ROS and the photothermal agent (PTA) in PTT can induce photothermal conversion, leading to the tumoricidal effects. In this review, the progress of PT applications in the treatment of bone cancer has been outlined and summarized, and some envisioned challenges and future perspectives have been mentioned. This review provides the current state of the art regarding PDT and PTT in bone cancer and inspiration for future studies on PT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Sun
- Biomatics Group, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.T.); (P.M.R.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Joy Braun
- Biomatics Group, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.T.); (P.M.R.)
| | - Frank Traub
- Biomatics Group, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.T.); (P.M.R.)
| | - Pol Maria Rommens
- Biomatics Group, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.T.); (P.M.R.)
| | - Zhou Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (U.R.)
| | - Ulrike Ritz
- Biomatics Group, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.T.); (P.M.R.)
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (U.R.)
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Maione L, Bouvattier C, Kaiser UB. Central precocious puberty: Recent advances in understanding the aetiology and in the clinical approach. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2021; 95:542-555. [PMID: 33797780 PMCID: PMC8586890 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Central precocious puberty (CPP) results from early activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. The current state of knowledge of the complex neural network acting at the level of the hypothalamus and the GnRH neuron to control puberty onset has expanded, particularly in the context of molecular interactions. Along with these advances, the knowledge of pubertal physiology and pathophysiology has also increased. This review focuses on regulatory abnormalities occurring at the hypothalamic level of the HPG axis to cause CPP. The clinical approach to diagnosis of puberty and pubertal disorders is also reviewed, with a particular focus on aetiologies of CPP. The recent identification of mutations in MKRN3 and DLK1 in familial as well sporadic forms of CPP has changed the state of the art of the approach to patients with CPP. Genetic advances have also had important repercussions beyond consideration of puberty alone. Syndromic disorders and central nervous system lesions associated with CPP are also discussed. If untreated, these conditions may lead to adverse physical, psychosocial and medical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Maione
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Claire Bouvattier
- Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Ursula B. Kaiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Diet-Induced Hypothalamic Inflammation, Phoenixin, and Subsequent Precocious Puberty. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103460. [PMID: 34684462 PMCID: PMC8540795 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown a rise in precocious puberty, especially in girls. At the same time, childhood obesity due to overnutrition and energy imbalance is rising too. Nutrition and fertility are currently facing major challenges in our societies, and are interconnected. Studies have shown that high-fat and/or high-glycaemic-index diet can cause hypothalamic inflammation and microglial activation. Molecular and animal studies reveal that microglial activation seems to produce and activate prostaglandins, neurotrophic factors activating GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone expressing neurons), thus initiating precocious puberty. GnRH neurons’ mechanisms of excitability are not well understood. In this review, we study the phenomenon of the rise of precocious puberty, we examine the physiology of GnRH neurons, and we review the recent literature regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms that connect diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation and diet-induced phoenixin regulation with precocious puberty.
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Prashar V, Arora T, Singh R, Sharma A, Parkash J. Interplay of KNDy and nNOS neurons: A new possible mechanism of GnRH secretion in the adult brain. Reprod Biol 2021; 21:100558. [PMID: 34509713 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reproduction in mammals is favoured when there is sufficient energy available to permit the survival of offspring. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase expressing neurons produce nitric oxide in the proximity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the preoptic region. nNOS neurons are an integral part of the neuronal network controlling ovarian cyclicity and ovulation. Nitric oxide can directly regulate the activity of the GnRH neurons and play a vital role neuroendocrine axis. Kisspeptin neurons are essential for the GnRH pulse and surge generation. The anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), kisspeptin neurons are essential for GnRH surge generation. KNDy neurons are present in the hypothalamus's arcuate nucleus (ARC), co-express NKB and dynorphin, essential for GnRH pulse generation. Kisspeptin-neurokinin B-dynorphin (KNDy) neuroendocrine molecules of the hypothalamus are key components in the central control of GnRH secretion. The hypothalamic neurons kisspeptin, KNDy, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and other mediators such as leptin, adiponectin, and ghrelin, play an active role in attaining puberty. Kisspeptin signalling is mediated by NOS, which further results in the secretion of GnRH. Neuronal nitric oxide is critical for attaining puberty, but its direct role in adult GnRH secretion is poorly understood. This review mainly focuses on the role of nNOS and its interplay with KNDy neurons in the hormonal regulation of reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Prashar
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Tania Arora
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Randeep Singh
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Arti Sharma
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Jyoti Parkash
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India.
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Singh A, Yadawa AK, Chaturvedi S, Wahajuddin M, Mishra A, Singh S. Mechanism for antiParkinsonian effect of resveratrol: Involvement of transporters, synaptic proteins, dendrite arborization, biochemical alterations, ER stress and apoptosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 155:112433. [PMID: 34302886 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the mechanism for antiParkinsonian effect of resveratrol employing 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced experimental model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Resveratrol treatment significantly protects the PD related pathological markers like level of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine and apoptotic proteins (Bax and cleaved caspase-3). Disease pathology involves significantly decreased level of dopamine transporter, synaptophysin and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) along with augmented level of vesicular monoamine transporter and considerably affected the dendrite arborization. Such affected neuronal communication was significantly restored with resveratrol treatment. Biochemical alterations include the depleted level of glutathione (GSH), mitochondrial complex-I activity with concomitant increased level of lipid peroxidation, nitrite level and calcium levels, which were also significantly inhibited with resveratrol treatment. Altered calcium level induces the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress related signalling and phosphorylated Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and with resveratrol treatment the level of phosphorylated Nrf2 was further increased. The concurrent depleted level of proteasome activity was observed which was attenuated with resveratrol treatment. Proinflammatory cytokines and activated astrocytes were observed which was inhibited with resveratrol treatment. In conclusion, findings suggested that resveratrol exhibits the interference in neuronal communication, oxidative stress, mitochondrial pathophysiology, ER stress, protein degradation mechanism and inflammatory responses and could be utilize in clinics to treat the PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Singh
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Arun Kumar Yadawa
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Swati Chaturvedi
- Division of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutics, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - M Wahajuddin
- Division of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutics, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011, India
| | - Sarika Singh
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
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Delli V, Silva MSB, Prévot V, Chachlaki K. The KiNG of reproduction: Kisspeptin/ nNOS interactions shaping hypothalamic GnRH release. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 532:111302. [PMID: 33964320 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is the master regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, and therefore of fertility and reproduction. The release pattern of GnRH by the hypothalamus includes both pulses and surges. However, despite a considerable body of evidence in support of a determinant role for kisspeptin, the mechanisms regulating a GnRH pulse and surge remain a topic of debate. In this review we challenge the view of kisspeptin as an absolute "monarch", and instead present the idea of a Kisspeptin-nNOS-GnRH or "KiNG" network that is responsible for generating the "GnRH pulse" and "GnRH surge". In particular, the neuromodulator nitric oxide (NO) has opposite effects to kisspeptin on GnRH secretion in many respects, acting as the Yin to kisspeptin's Yang and creating a dynamic system in which kisspeptin provides the "ON" signal, promoting GnRH release, while NO mediates the "OFF" signal, acting as a tonic brake on GnRH secretion. This interplay between an activator and an inhibitor, which is in turn fine-tuned by the gonadal steroid environment, thus leads to the generation of GnRH pulses and surges and is crucial for the proper development and function of the reproductive axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Delli
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, F-59000, Lille, France; FHU, 1000 Days for Health, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Mauro S B Silva
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, F-59000, Lille, France; FHU, 1000 Days for Health, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Prévot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, F-59000, Lille, France; FHU, 1000 Days for Health, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Konstantina Chachlaki
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, F-59000, Lille, France; FHU, 1000 Days for Health, F-59000, Lille, France; University Research Institute of Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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Nowaczyk A, Kowalska M, Nowaczyk J, Grześk G. Carbon Monoxide and Nitric Oxide as Examples of the Youngest Class of Transmitters. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116029. [PMID: 34199647 PMCID: PMC8199767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The year 2021 is the 100th anniversary of the confirmation of the neurotransmission phenomenon by Otto Loewi. Over the course of the hundred years, about 100 neurotransmitters belonging to many chemical groups have been discovered. In order to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the confirmation of neurotransmitters, we present an overview of the first two endogenous gaseous transmitters i.e., nitric oxide, and carbon monoxide, which are often termed as gasotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Nowaczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 2 dr. A. Jurasza St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-52-585-3904
| | - Magdalena Kowalska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 2 dr. A. Jurasza St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Jacek Nowaczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Physicochemistry of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Grześk
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 75 Ujejskiego St., 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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Nitric oxide resets kisspeptin-excited GnRH neurons via PIP2 replenishment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2012339118. [PMID: 33443156 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2012339118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fertility relies upon pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) that drives pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion. Kisspeptin (KP) neurons in the arcuate nucleus are at the center of the GnRH pulse generation and the steroid feedback control of GnRH secretion. However, KP evokes a long-lasting response in GnRH neurons that is hard to reconcile with periodic GnRH activity required to drive GnRH pulses. Using calcium imaging, we show that 1) the tetrodotoxin-insensitive calcium response evoked by KP relies upon the ongoing activity of canonical transient receptor potential channels maintaining voltage-gated calcium channels in an activated state, 2) the duration of the calcium response is determined by the rate of resynthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), and 3) nitric oxide terminates the calcium response by facilitating the resynthesis of PIP2 via the canonical pathway guanylyl cyclase/3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate/protein kinase G. In addition, our data indicate that exposure to nitric oxide after KP facilitates the calcium response to a subsequent KP application. This effect was replicated using electrophysiology on GnRH neurons in acute brain slices. The interplay between KP and nitric oxide signaling provides a mechanism for modulation of the refractory period of GnRH neurons after KP exposure and places nitric oxide as an important component for tonic GnRH neuronal pulses.
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Morales L, Vallcaneras S, Delsouc MB, Filippa V, Aguilera-Merlo C, Fernández M, Casais M. Neuromodulatory effect of GnRH from coeliac ganglion on luteal regression in the late pregnant rat. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 384:487-498. [PMID: 33779845 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The GnRH/GnRH receptor system has been found in several extrapituitary tissues, although its physiological significance has not yet been well established. Taking into account that the peripheral neural system can act as a modulator of pregnancy corpus luteum, the objective was to physiologically investigate the presence of the GnRH system in coeliac ganglion (CG) and to analyse its possible involvement in luteal regression through the superior ovarian nerve (SON) at the end of pregnancy in the rat. The integrated ex vivo CG-SON-Ovary system of rats on day 21 of pregnancy was used. Cetrorelix (CTX), a GnRH receptor antagonist, was added into the ganglionic compartment while the control systems were untreated. Ganglionic GnRH release was detected under basal conditions. Then, the CTX addition in CG increased it, which would indicate the blockade of the receptor. In turn, CTX in CG caused an increase in ovarian progesterone release. Furthermore, the luteal cells showed an increase in the expression of Hsd3b1 and a decrease in the expression of Akr1c3 (progesterone synthesis and degradation enzymes, respectively), reduced TUNEL staining according to an increase in the antioxidant defence system activity and low lipid peroxide levels. The ovarian and ganglionic nitric oxide (NO) release increased, while the luteal nitrotyrosine content, measured as nitrosative stress marker, decreased. CTX in CG decreased the ovarian noradrenaline release. The present study provides evidence that GnRH from CG may trigger neuronal signals that promote the luteal regression in late pregnancy by affecting the release of NO and noradrenaline in the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Morales
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET), Av. Ejército de los Andes 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Sandra Vallcaneras
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET), Av. Ejército de los Andes 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - María Belén Delsouc
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET), Av. Ejército de los Andes 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Verónica Filippa
- Histología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Av. Ejército de los Andes 950, Bloque I, Piso No. 1, 5700, San Luis, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Claudia Aguilera-Merlo
- Histología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Av. Ejército de los Andes 950, Bloque I, Piso No. 1, 5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Marina Fernández
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), V. de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marilina Casais
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET), Av. Ejército de los Andes 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina.
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Yang H, Wei H, Shen L, Kumar C S, Chen Q, Chen Y, Kumar SA. A novel stop-loss DAX1 variant affecting its protein-interaction with SF1 precedes the adrenal hypoplasia congenital with rare spontaneous precocious puberty and elevated hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal/adrenal axis responses. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104192. [PMID: 33766795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The case study unveils the likely mechanism of a novel stop-loss DAX1 variant preceding the prolonged precocious puberty in the adrenal hypoplasia congenital (AHC) boy. A boy aged five years and nine months initially examined for the primary adrenal insufficiency symptoms. Next-generation sequencing confirmed the X-linked inheritance of a novel stop-loss DAX1 variant: c.1411T>C/p.Ter471Gln associated with AHC in the patient. The patient was subjected to a brief clinical follow-up from 11 to 15.1 years of age. The effect of the mutant-DAX1 variant (p.Ter471Gln) on DAX1-steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) (protein-protein) interaction was studied by protein-protein docking using the ClusPro-online tool. At 5.9 yrs of age, the patient exhibited precocious puberty with the secondary sexual characteristics of Tanner 2 stage (of 9-14 yrs of age). The patient showed primary adrenal insufficiency with diminished cortisol concentrations at blood serum (25 ng/ml) and urine (3.55 μg/24 h) levels. Upon steroidal exposure, the patient showed normalized serum cortisol levels of 45-61 ng/ml. However, the precocious puberty got prolonged with the increased penis length of 8.5 cm and the bone age of 18 yrs old during the follow-up. The patient showed increased basal serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (110->2000 pg/ml) and follicle-stimulating hormone (18.4-22.3 mIU/ml) concentrations. Following an elevated hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity witnessed upon gonarellin stimulation. Protein-protein docking confirmed a weaker interaction between the mutant-DAX1 (p.Ter471Gln) protein and the wild-SF1 protein. Overall, we hypothesize the weakened mutant-DAX1-SF1 (protein-protein) interaction could govern the prolonged precocious puberty augmented with the elevated hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal/adrenal axis responses via SF1-induced neuronal nitric oxide synthetase activation in the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Henan Children's Hospital (aka. Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University), No-33, Longhu Waihuan East Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Haiyan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Henan Children's Hospital (aka. Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University), No-33, Longhu Waihuan East Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, China.
| | - Linghua Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Henan Children's Hospital (aka. Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University), No-33, Longhu Waihuan East Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Selvaa Kumar C
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D. Y. Patil Deemed to Be University, Sector-15, CBD Belapur. Navi Mumbai, 400614, India
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Henan Children's Hospital (aka. Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University), No-33, Longhu Waihuan East Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Yongxing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Henan Children's Hospital (aka. Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University), No-33, Longhu Waihuan East Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Senthil Arun Kumar
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Henan Children's Hospital (aka. Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University), No-33, Longhu Waihuan East Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, China.
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Woodward EE, Edwards TM, Givens CE, Kolpin DW, Hladik ML. Widespread Use of the Nitrification Inhibitor Nitrapyrin: Assessing Benefits and Costs to Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Environmental Health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1345-1353. [PMID: 33433195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural production and associated applications of nitrogen (N) fertilizers have increased dramatically in the last century, and current projections to 2050 show that demands will continue to increase as the human population grows. Applied in both organic and inorganic fertilizer forms, N is an essential nutrient in crop productivity. Increased fertilizer applications, however, create the potential for more N loss before plant uptake. One strategy for minimizing N loss is the use of enhanced efficiency fertilizers, fortified with a nitrification inhibitor, such as nitrapyrin. In soils and water, nitrapyrin inhibits the activity of ammonia monooxygenase, a microbial enzyme that catalyzes the first step of nitrification from ammonium to nitrite. Potential benefits of using nitrification inhibitors range from reduced nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions to increased crop yield. The extent of these benefits, however, depends on environmental conditions and management practices. Thus, such benefits are not always realized. Additionally, nitrapyrin has been shown to transport off-field, and it is unknown what effects environmental nitrapyrin could have on nontarget organisms and the ecological nitrogen cycle. Here, we review the agronomic and environmental benefits and costs of nitrapyrin use and present a series of research questions and considerations to be addressed with future nitrification inhibitor research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Woodward
- U.S. Geological Survey California Water Science Center, 6000 J Street, Placer Hall, Sacramento, California 95819, United States
| | - Thea M Edwards
- U.S. Geological Survey Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Road, Columbia, Missouri 65201, United States
| | - Carrie E Givens
- U.S. Geological Survey Upper Midwest Water Science Center, 5840 Enterprise Drive, Lansing, Michigan 48911, United States
| | - Dana W Kolpin
- U.S. Geological Survey Central Midwest Water Science Center, 400 South Clinton Street, Iowa City, Iowa 52240, United States
| | - Michelle L Hladik
- U.S. Geological Survey California Water Science Center, 6000 J Street, Placer Hall, Sacramento, California 95819, United States
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Abstract
For the majority of hypertensive patients, the etiology of their disease is unknown. The hypothalamus is a central structure of the brain which provides an adaptive, integrative, autonomic, and neuroendocrine response to any fluctuations in physiological conditions of the external or internal environment. Hypothalamic insufficiency leads to severe metabolic and functional disorders, including persistent increase in blood pressure. Here, we discuss alterations in the neurochemical organization of the paraventricular and suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus of patients who suffered from essential hypertension and died suddenly due to acute coronary failure. The changes observed are hypothesized to contribute to the pathogenesis of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeri D Goncharuk
- A.L. Myasnikov Research Institute of Clinical Cardiology, Russian Cardiology Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Huang Z, Tian Z, Zhu M, Wu C, Zhu Y. Recent Advances in Biomaterial Scaffolds for Integrative Tumor Therapy and Bone Regeneration. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Zhengfang Tian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials College of Chemical Engineering Huanggang Normal University Huanggang 438000 China
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Chengtie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 China
| | - Yufang Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials College of Chemical Engineering Huanggang Normal University Huanggang 438000 China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 China
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Chachlaki K, Prevot V. Nitric oxide signalling in the brain and its control of bodily functions. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5437-5458. [PMID: 31347144 PMCID: PMC7707094 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile molecule that plays key roles in the development and survival of mammalian species by endowing brain neuronal networks with the ability to make continual adjustments to function in response to moment-to-moment changes in physiological input. Here, we summarize the progress in the field and argue that NO-synthetizing neurons and NO signalling in the brain provide a core hub for integrating sensory- and homeostatic-related cues, control key bodily functions, and provide a potential target for new therapeutic opportunities against several neuroendocrine and behavioural abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Chachlaki
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine BrainJean‐Pierre Aubert Research Centre, UMR‐S 1172LilleFrance
- School of MedicineUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
- CHU LilleFHU 1,000 days for HealthLilleFrance
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine BrainJean‐Pierre Aubert Research Centre, UMR‐S 1172LilleFrance
- School of MedicineUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
- CHU LilleFHU 1,000 days for HealthLilleFrance
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Local and Systemic Alterations of the L-Arginine/Nitric Oxide Pathway in Sputum, Blood, and Urine of Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patients and Effects of Antibiotic Treatment. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123802. [PMID: 33255369 PMCID: PMC7761143 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the L-arginine (Arg)/nitric oxide (NO) pathway have been reported in cystic fibrosis (CF; OMIM 219700) as the result of various factors including systemic and local inflammatory activity in the airways. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the Arg/NO metabolism in pediatric CF patients with special emphasis on lung impairment and antibiotic treatment. Seventy CF patients and 78 healthy controls were included in the study. CF patients (43% male, median age 11.8 years) showed moderately impaired lung functions (FEV1 90.5 ± 19.1% (mean ± SD); 21 (30%) had a chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA) infection, and 24 (33%) had an acute exacerbation). Plasma, urinary, and sputum concentrations of the main Arg/NO metabolites, nitrate, nitrite, Arg, homoarginine (hArg), and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) were determined in pediatric CF patients and in healthy age-matched controls. Clinical parameters in CF patients included lung function and infection with PSA. Additionally, the Arg/NO pathway in sputum samples of five CF patients was analyzed before and after routine antibiotic therapy. CF patients with low fractionally exhaled NO (FENO) showed lower plasma Arg and nitrate concentrations. During acute exacerbation, sputum Arg and hArg levels were high and dropped after antibiotic treatment: Arg: pre-antibiotics: 4.14 nmol/25 mg sputum vs. post-antibiotics: 2.33 nmol/25 mg sputum, p = 0.008; hArg: pre-antibiotics: 0.042 nmol/25 mg sputum vs. post-antibiotics: 0.029 nmol/25 mg sputum, p = 0.035. The activated Arg/NO metabolism in stable CF patients may be a result of chronic inflammation. PSA infection did not play a major role regarding these differences. Exacerbation increased and antibiotic therapy decreased sputum Arg concentrations.
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Zheng H, Weaver JM, Feng C. Heat shock protein 90α increases superoxide generation from neuronal nitric oxide synthases. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 214:111298. [PMID: 33181440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) generates superoxide, particularly at sub-optimal l-arginine (l-Arg) substrate concentrations. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) was reported to inhibit superoxide generation from nNOS protein. However, commercially available Hsp90 product from bovine brain tissues with unspecified Hsp90α and Hsp90β contents and an undefined Hsp90 protein oligomeric state was utilized. These two Hsp90s can have opposite effect on superoxide production by NOS. Importantly, emerging evidence indicates that nNOS splice variants are involved in different biological functions by functioning distinctly in redox signaling. In the present work, purified recombinant human Hsp90α, in its native dimeric state, was used in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping experiments to study the effects of Hsp90α on superoxide generation from nNOS splice variants nNOSμ and nNOSα. Human Hsp90α was found to significantly increase superoxide generation from nNOSμ and nNOSα proteins under l-Arg-depleted conditions and Hsp90α influenced superoxide production by nNOSμ and nNOSα at varying degrees. Imidazole suppressed the spin adduct signal, indicating that superoxide was produced at the heme site of nNOS in the presence of Hsp90α, whereas l-Arg repletion diminished superoxide production by the nNOS-Hsp90α. Moreover, NADPH consumption rate values exhibited a similar trend/difference as a function of Hsp90α and l-Arg. Together, these EPR spin trapping and NADPH oxidation kinetics results demonstrated noticeable Hsp90α-induced increases in superoxide production by nNOS and a distinguishable effect of Hsp90α on nNOSμ and nNOSα proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayu Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - John M Weaver
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Changjian Feng
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Tran A, Loganathan N, McIlwraith EK, Belsham DD. Palmitate and Nitric Oxide Regulate the Expression of Spexin and Galanin Receptors 2 and 3 in Hypothalamic Neurons. Neuroscience 2020; 447:41-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hristov M, Landzhov B, Yakimova K. Cafeteria diet-induced obesity reduces leptin-stimulated NADPH-diaphorase reactivity in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of rats. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151616. [PMID: 33066838 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Leptin is an adipokine that plays an important role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. The failure of endogenous and exogenous leptin to mediate its effects (for example, at suppressing appetite and decreasing body weight) has been termed leptin resistance. Hyperleptinemia and leptin resistance can be well demonstrated in animals in which obesity is induced by consumption of a palatable, high-calorie diet (e.g., cafeteria diet-induced obesity). Since leptin receptor signaling is known to be impaired in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) of obese rodents, we investigated the effect of leptin on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) reactivity in the ARC of male Wistar rats with cafeteria diet-induced obesity. Our results have shown that after intraperitoneal administration of leptin, the number of NADPH-d positive neurons in the ARC was significantly lower in obese rats compared with that observed in normal weight rats. Additionally, we have found that leptin-induced NADPH-d staining in ARC neurons and the adjacent ependyma was decreased in obese rats. The results presented here suggest that the ability of leptin to activate nitric oxide synthase in neurons within the ARC as well as tanycytes and ependymal cells of the third ventricle is reduced in rats made obese by a cafeteria diet. We speculate that impairment in leptin-induced NO production presents a potential mechanism, involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and obesity-related disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milen Hristov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 2 "Zdrave" St., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Boycho Landzhov
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 2 "Zdrave" St., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Krassimira Yakimova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 2 "Zdrave" St., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Moiseev KY, Vishnyakova PA, Porseva VV, Masliukov AP, Spirichev AA, Emanuilov AI, Masliukov PM. Changes of nNOS expression in the tuberal hypothalamic nuclei during ageing. Nitric Oxide 2020; 100-101:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Tripathi MK, Kartawy M, Amal H. The role of nitric oxide in brain disorders: Autism spectrum disorder and other psychiatric, neurological, and neurodegenerative disorders. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101567. [PMID: 32464501 PMCID: PMC7256645 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional signalling molecule and a neurotransmitter that plays an important role in physiological and pathophysiological processes. In physiological conditions, NO regulates cell survival, differentiation and proliferation of neurons. It also regulates synaptic activity, plasticity and vesicle trafficking. NO affects cellular signalling through protein S-nitrosylation, the NO-mediated posttranslational modification of cysteine thiols (SNO). SNO can affect protein activity, protein-protein interaction and protein localization. Numerous studies have shown that excessive NO and SNO can lead to nitrosative stress in the nervous system, contributing to neuropathology. In this review, we summarize the role of NO and SNO in the progression of neurodevelopmental, psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, with special attention to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We provide mechanistic insights into the contribution of NO in diverse brain disorders. Finally, we suggest that pharmacological agents that can inhibit or augment the production of NO as well as new approaches to modulate the formation of SNO-proteins can serve as a promising approach for the treatment of diverse brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Tripathi
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maryam Kartawy
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Haitham Amal
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Brinkmann F, Hanusch B, Ballmann M, Mayorandan S, Bollenbach A, Chobanyan-Jürgens K, Jansen K, Schmidt-Choudhury A, Derichs N, Tsikas D, Lücke T. Activated L-Arginine/Nitric Oxide Pathway in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis and Its Association with Pancreatic Insufficiency, Liver Involvement and Nourishment: An Overview and New Results. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9062012. [PMID: 32604946 PMCID: PMC7356307 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9062012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF; OMIM 219700) is a rare genetic disorder caused by a chloride channel defect, resulting in lung disease, pancreas insufficiency and liver impairment. Altered L-arginine (Arg)/nitric oxide (NO) metabolism has been observed in CF patients’ lungs and in connection with malnutrition. The aim of the present study was to investigate markers of the Arg/NO pathway in the plasma and urine of CF patients and to identify possible risk factors, especially associated with malnutrition. We measured the major NO metabolites nitrite and nitrate, Arg, a semi-essential amino acid and NO precursor, the NO synthesis inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and its major urinary metabolite dimethylamine (DMA) in plasma and urine samples of 70 pediatric CF patients and 78 age-matched healthy controls. Biomarkers were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. We observed higher plasma Arg (90.3 vs. 75.6 µM, p < 0.0001), ADMA (0.62 vs. 0.57 µM, p = 0.03), Arg/ADMA ratio (148 vs. 135, p = 0.01), nitrite (2.07 vs. 1.95 µM, p = 0.03) and nitrate (43.3 vs. 33.1 µM, p < 0.001) concentrations, as well as higher urinary DMA (57.9 vs. 40.7 µM/mM creatinine, p < 0.001) and nitrate (159 vs. 115 µM/mM creatinine, p = 0.001) excretion rates in the CF patients compared to healthy controls. CF patients with pancreatic sufficiency showed plasma concentrations of the biomarkers comparable to those of healthy controls. Malnourished CF patients had lower Arg/ADMA ratios (p = 0.02), indicating a higher NO synthesis capacity in sufficiently nourished CF patients. We conclude that NO production, protein-arginine dimethylation, and ADMA metabolism is increased in pediatric CF patients. Pancreas and liver function influence Arg/NO metabolism. Good nutritional status is associated with higher NO synthesis capacity and lower protein-arginine dimethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folke Brinkmann
- University Children’s Hospital, Ruhr University, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (F.B.); (M.B.); (K.J.); (A.S.-C.); (T.L.)
| | - Beatrice Hanusch
- University Children’s Hospital, Ruhr University, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (F.B.); (M.B.); (K.J.); (A.S.-C.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-234-5092615
| | - Manfred Ballmann
- University Children’s Hospital, Ruhr University, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (F.B.); (M.B.); (K.J.); (A.S.-C.); (T.L.)
- Paediatric Clinic, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sebene Mayorandan
- Department of Paediatrics, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany; (S.M.); (K.C.-J.); (N.D.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University Clinic Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Bollenbach
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany; (A.B.); (D.T.)
| | - Kristine Chobanyan-Jürgens
- Department of Paediatrics, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany; (S.M.); (K.C.-J.); (N.D.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neuropediatrics, Metabolism, Gastroenterology, Nephrology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Pediatric Clinical-Pharmacological Trial Center (paedKliPS), Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Jansen
- University Children’s Hospital, Ruhr University, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (F.B.); (M.B.); (K.J.); (A.S.-C.); (T.L.)
| | - Anjona Schmidt-Choudhury
- University Children’s Hospital, Ruhr University, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (F.B.); (M.B.); (K.J.); (A.S.-C.); (T.L.)
| | - Nico Derichs
- Department of Paediatrics, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany; (S.M.); (K.C.-J.); (N.D.)
- KinderPneumologieDerichs, Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, CFTR & Pulmonary Research Center, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Tsikas
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany; (A.B.); (D.T.)
| | - Thomas Lücke
- University Children’s Hospital, Ruhr University, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (F.B.); (M.B.); (K.J.); (A.S.-C.); (T.L.)
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Schredelseker T, Veit F, Dorsky RI, Driever W. Bsx Is Essential for Differentiation of Multiple Neuromodulatory Cell Populations in the Secondary Prosencephalon. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:525. [PMID: 32581684 PMCID: PMC7290237 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is characterized by great neuronal diversity, with many neuropeptides and other neuromodulators being expressed within its multiple anatomical domains. The regulatory networks directing hypothalamic development have been studied in detail, but, for many neuron types, control of differentiation is still not understood. The highly conserved Brain-specific homeobox (Bsx) transcription factor has previously been described in regulating Agrp and Npy expression in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) in mice. While Bsx is expressed in many more subregions of both tuberal and mamillary hypothalamus, the functions therein are not known. Using genetic analyses in zebrafish, we show that most bsx expression domains are dependent on Nkx2.1 and Nkx2.4 homeodomain transcription factors, while a subset depends on Otp. We show that the anatomical pattern of the ventral forebrain appears normal in bsx mutants, but that Bsx is necessary for the expression of many neuropeptide encoding genes, including agrp, penka, vip, trh, npb, and nts, in distinct hypothalamic anatomical domains. We also found Bsx to be critical for normal expression of two Crh family members, crhb and uts1, as well as crhbp, in the hypothalamus and the telencephalic septal region. Furthermore, we demonstrate a crucial role for Bsx in serotonergic, histaminergic and nitrergic neuron development in the hypothalamus. We conclude that Bsx is critical for the terminal differentiation of multiple neuromodulatory cell types in the forebrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Schredelseker
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology 1, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Florian Veit
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology 1, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Richard I Dorsky
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Wolfgang Driever
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology 1, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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Khaliulin I, Kartawy M, Amal H. Sex Differences in Biological Processes and Nitrergic Signaling in Mouse Brain. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8050124. [PMID: 32429146 PMCID: PMC7277573 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8050124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) represents an important signaling molecule which modulates the functions of different organs, including the brain. S-nitrosylation (SNO), a post-translational modification that involves the binding of the NO group to a cysteine residue, is a key mechanism of nitrergic signaling. Most of the experimental studies are carried out on male animals. However, significant differences exist between males and females in the signaling mechanisms. To investigate the sex differences in the SNO-based regulation of biological functions and signaling pathways in the cortices of 6–8-weeks-old mice, we used the mass spectrometry technique, to identify S-nitrosylated proteins, followed by large-scale computational biology. This work revealed significant sex differences in the NO and SNO-related biological functions in the cortices of mice for the first-time. The study showed significant SNO-induced enrichment of the synaptic processes in female mice, but enhanced SNO-related cytoskeletal processes in the male mice. Proteins, which were S-nitrosylated in the cortices of mice of both groups, were more abundant in the female brain. Finally, we investigated the shared molecular processes that were found in both sexes. This study presents a mechanistic insight into the role of S-nitrosylation in both sexes and provides strong evidence of sex difference in many biological processes and signalling pathways, which will open future research directions on sex differences in neurological disorders.
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Nitric Oxide Signaling Strengthens Inhibitory Synapses of Cerebellar Molecular Layer Interneurons through a GABARAP-Dependent Mechanism. J Neurosci 2020; 40:3348-3359. [PMID: 32169968 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2211-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule that fulfills diverse functional roles as a neurotransmitter or diffusible second messenger in the developing and adult CNS. Although the impact of NO on different behaviors such as movement, sleep, learning, and memory has been well documented, the identity of its molecular and cellular targets is still an area of ongoing investigation. Here, we identify a novel role for NO in strengthening inhibitory GABAA receptor-mediated transmission in molecular layer interneurons of the mouse cerebellum. NO levels are elevated by the activity of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) following Ca2+ entry through extrasynaptic NMDA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors (NMDARs). NO activates protein kinase G with the subsequent production of cGMP, which prompts the stimulation of NADPH oxidase and protein kinase C (PKC). The activation of PKC promotes the selective strengthening of α3-containing GABAARs synapses through a GΑΒΑ receptor-associated protein-dependent mechanism. Given the widespread but cell type-specific expression of the NMDAR/nNOS complex in the mammalian brain, our data suggest that NMDARs may uniquely strengthen inhibitory GABAergic transmission in these cells through a novel NO-mediated pathway.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Long-term changes in the efficacy of GABAergic transmission is mediated by multiple presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms. A prominent pathway involves crosstalk between excitatory and inhibitory synapses whereby Ca2+-entering through postsynaptic NMDARs promotes the recruitment and strengthening of GABAA receptor synapses via Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Although Ca2+ transport by NMDARs is also tightly coupled to nNOS activity and NO production, it has yet to be determined whether this pathway affects inhibitory synapses. Here, we show that activation of NMDARs trigger a NO-dependent pathway that strengthens inhibitory GABAergic synapses of cerebellar molecular layer interneurons. Given the widespread expression of NMDARs and nNOS in the mammalian brain, we speculate that NO control of GABAergic synapse efficacy may be more widespread than has been appreciated.
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