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Armakolas A, Kaparelou M, Dimakakos A, Papageorgiou E, Armakolas N, Antonopoulos A, Petraki C, Lekarakou M, Lelovas P, Stathaki M, Psarros C, Donta I, Galanos PS, Msaouel P, Gorgoulis VG, Koutsilieris M. Oncogenic Role of the Ec Peptide of the IGF-1Ec Isoform in Prostate Cancer. Mol Med 2015; 21:167-79. [PMID: 25569803 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IGF-1 is one of the key molecules in cancer biology; however, little is known about the role of the preferential expression of the premature IGF-1 isoforms in prostate cancer. We have examined the role of the cleaved COO- terminal peptide (PEc) of the third IGF-1 isoform, IGF-1Ec, in prostate cancer. Our evidence suggests that endogenously produced PEc induces cellular proliferation in the human prostate cancer cells (PC-3) in vitro and in vivo, by activating the ERK1/2 pathway in an autocrine/paracrine manner. PEc overexpressing cells and tumors presented evidence of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, whereas the orthotopic injection of PEc-overexpressing, normal prostate epithelium cells (HPrEC) in SCID mice was associated with increased metastatic rate. In humans, the IGF-1Ec expression was detected in prostate cancer biopsies, where its expression correlates with tumor stage. Our data describes the action of PEc in prostate cancer biology and defines its potential role in tumor growth, progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Armakolas
- Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi-Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Kaparelou
- Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi-Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Dimakakos
- Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi-Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathia Papageorgiou
- Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi-Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Maria Lekarakou
- Department of Pathology, Metropolitan General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Pavlos Lelovas
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Center for Experimental Surgery, Athens, Greece
| | - Martha Stathaki
- Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi-Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Psarros
- Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi-Athens, Greece
| | - Ismene Donta
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System Theodoros Garofalidis, University of Athens, KAT Hospital Kifisia, Attiki, Greece
| | - Panos S Galanos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece
| | - Paul Msaouel
- Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi-Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece.,Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Institute for Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi-Athens, Greece
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