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Siddiqui MS, Patel S, Forsgren M, Bui AT, Shen S, Syed T, Boyett S, Chen S, Sanyal AJ, Wolver S, Kirkman D, Celi FS, Bhati CS. Differential fuel utilization in liver transplant recipients and its relationship with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int 2022; 42:1401-1409. [PMID: 35129295 PMCID: PMC9189602 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Metabolic flexibility is the ability to match biofuel availability to utilization. Reduced metabolic flexibility, or lower fatty acid (FA) oxidation in the fasted state, is associated with obesity. The present study evaluated metabolic flexibility after liver transplantation (LT). METHODS Patients receiving LT for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (n = 35) and non-NASH (n = 10) were enrolled. NASH was chosen as these patients are at the highest risk of metabolic complications. Metabolic flexibility was measured using whole-body calorimetry and expressed as respiratory quotient (RQ), which ranges from 0.7 (pure FA oxidation) to 1.0 is (carbohydrate oxidation). RESULTS The two cohorts were similar except for a higher prevalence of obesity and diabetes in the NASH cohort. Post-prandially, RQ increased in both cohorts (i.e. greater carbohydrate utilization) but peak RQ and time at peak RQ was higher in the NASH cohort. Fasting RQ in NASH was significantly higher (0.845 vs. 0.772, p < .001), indicative of impaired FA utilization. In subgroup analysis of the NASH cohort, body mass index but not liver fat content (MRI-PDFF) was an independent predictor of fasting RQ. In NASH, fasting RQ inversely correlated with fat-free muscle volume and directly with visceral adipose tissue. CONCLUSION Reduced metabolic flexibility in patients transplanted for NASH cirrhosis may precede the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease after LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S. Siddiqui
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Samarth Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA,Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyHunter‐Holmes McGuire VARichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Mikael Forsgren
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Anh T. Bui
- Department of Statistical Sciences and Operations ResearchVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Steve Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Taseen Syed
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Sherry Boyett
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Arun J. Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Susan Wolver
- Department of Internal MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Danielle Kirkman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health SciencesVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Francesco S. Celi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Chandra S. Bhati
- Division of Transplant SurgeryVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
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2
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Delgadillo-Velázquez JA, Nambo-Venegas R, Patiño N, Meraz-Cruz N, Razo-Azamar M, Guevara-Cruz M, Fonseca M, Pale Montero LE, Ibarra-González I, Vela-Amieva M, Vadillo-Ortega F, Palacios-González B. Metabolic flexibility during normal pregnancy allows appropriate adaptation during gestation independently of BMI. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 44:254-262. [PMID: 34330475 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Overweight and obesity in reproductive-age women hasten the development of insulin resistance and increase risk for deterioration of pregnancy metabolism. These pregnancy-associated metabolic changes are similar to those of the metabolic syndrome. Thus, some metabolic flexibility must allow appropriate adaptation to the metabolic load that pregnancy imposes. We evaluated metabolic flexibility during uncomplicated pregnancy in women with pre-gestational normal weight or overweight. METHODS In 20 women with singleton pregnancies, pre-pregnancy BMI was categorized as normal-weight (Nw) or overweight (Ow). The women were seen quarterly, and fasting and postprandial blood samples were collected at each visit. Indirect fasting and/postprandial calorimetry was performed to evaluate metabolic flexibility (Δrespiratory quotient (RQ) = RQpostprandial - RQfasting). RESULTS In the first trimester, metabolic flexibility was lower in the Ow group compared to the Nw group (0.031 ± 0.0131 vs 0.077 ± 0.018, respectively) without a statistically significant difference (p = 0.053). In the second trimester, the Ow group was significantly more flexible than the Nw group (0.190 ± 0.016 vs 0.077 ± 0.015, respectively (p = 0.004)). For the third trimester, the Ow and Nw groups did not differ in metabolic flexibility (0.074 ± 0.013 vs 0.087 ± 0.021, respectively) (p = 0.40). The most influential variables for metabolic flexibility during pregnancy were lactate, leptin, β-hydroxybutyrate, glycerol, aromatic amino acids, medium and long chain acylcarnitine's. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that metabolic flexibility changes throughout pregnancy, independently of pre-pregnancy BMI. These changes maintain metabolic homeostasis between the mother and foetus, allowing for appropriate adjustments during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Delgadillo-Velázquez
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de La Facultad de Medicina UNAM-INMEGEN, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico; Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Nambo-Venegas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nayelli Patiño
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de La Facultad de Medicina UNAM-INMEGEN, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico; Escuela de Dietética y Nutrición Del ISSSTE, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Noemí Meraz-Cruz
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de La Facultad de Medicina UNAM-INMEGEN, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Melissa Razo-Azamar
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de La Facultad de Medicina UNAM-INMEGEN, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha Guevara-Cruz
- Fisiología de La Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mayali Fonseca
- Escuela de Dietética y Nutrición Del ISSSTE, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Marcela Vela-Amieva
- Laboratorio de Errores Innatos Del Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Felipe Vadillo-Ortega
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de La Facultad de Medicina UNAM-INMEGEN, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Berenice Palacios-González
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de La Facultad de Medicina UNAM-INMEGEN, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico.
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3
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Trinchese G, Cavaliere G, Cimmino F, Catapano A, Carta G, Pirozzi C, Murru E, Lama A, Meli R, Bergamo P, Banni S, Mollica MP. Decreased Metabolic Flexibility in Skeletal Muscle of Rat Fed with a High-Fat Diet Is Recovered by Individual CLA Isomer Supplementation via Converging Protective Mechanisms. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040823. [PMID: 32235294 PMCID: PMC7226748 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy balance, mitochondrial dysfunction, obesity, and insulin resistance are disrupted by metabolic inflexibility while therapeutic interventions are associated with improved glucose/lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle. Conjugated linoleic acid mixture (CLA) exhibited anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects; however, the modulatory ability of its isomers (cis9, trans11, C9; trans10, cis12, C10) on the metabolic flexibility in skeletal muscle remains to be demonstrated. Metabolic inflexibility was induced in rat by four weeks of feeding with a high-fat diet (HFD). At the end of this period, the beneficial effects of C9 or C10 on body lipid content, energy expenditure, pro-inflammatory cytokines, glucose metabolism, and mitochondrial efficiency were examined. Moreover, oxidative stress markers, fatty acids, palmitoyletanolamide (PEA), and oleyletanolamide (OEA) contents along with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-alpha (PPARα), AKT, and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression were evaluated in skeletal muscle to investigate the underlying biochemical mechanisms. The presented results indicate that C9 intake reduced mitochondrial efficiency and oxidative stress and increased PEA and OEA levels more efficiently than C10 while the anti-inflammatory activity of C10, and its regulatory efficacy on glucose homeostasis are associated with modulation of the PPARα/AMPK/pAKT signaling pathway. Our results support the idea that the dissimilar efficacy of C9 and C10 against the HFD-induced metabolic inflexibility may be consequential to their ability to activate different molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.P.); (A.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA 09042, Italy; (G.C.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.P.); (A.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA 09042, Italy; (G.C.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Adriano Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.P.); (A.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.P.); (A.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Paolo Bergamo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA 09042, Italy; (G.C.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-679990; Fax: +39-081-679233
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Substrate utilization and metabolic profile in response to overfeeding with a high-fat diet in South Asian and white men: a sedentary lifestyle study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 44:136-146. [PMID: 31040398 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the same BMI, South Asians have a higher body fat percentage, a higher liver fat content and a more adverse metabolic profile than whites. South Asians may have a lower fat oxidation than whites, which could result in an unfavorable metabolic profile when exposed to increased high-fat foods consumption and decreased physical activity as in current modern lifestyle. OBJECTIVE To determine substrate partitioning, liver fat accumulation and metabolic profile in South Asian and white men in response to overfeeding with high-fat diet under sedentary conditions in a respiration chamber. DESIGN Ten South Asian men (BMI, 18-29 kg/m2) and 10 white men (BMI, 22-33 kg/m2), matched for body fat percentage, aged 20-40 year were included. A weight maintenance diet (30% fat, 55% carbohydrate, and 15% protein) was given for 3 days. Thereafter, a baseline measurement of liver fat content (1H-MRS) and blood parameters was performed. Subsequently, subjects were overfed (150% energy requirement) with a high-fat diet (60% fat, 25% carbohydrate, and 15% protein) over 3 consecutive days while staying in a respiration chamber mimicking a sedentary lifestyle. Energy expenditure and substrate use were measured for 3 × 24-h. Liver fat and blood parameters were measured again after the subjects left the chamber. RESULTS The 24-h fat oxidation as a percentage of total energy expenditure did not differ between ethnicities (P = 0.30). Overfeeding increased liver fat content (P = 0.02), but the increase did not differ between ethnicities (P = 0.64). In South Asians, overfeeding tended to increase LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.08), tended to decrease glucose clearance (P = 0.06) and tended to elevate insulin response (P = 0.07) slightly more than whites. CONCLUSIONS Despite a similar substrate partitioning and similar accretion of liver fat, overfeeding with high-fat under sedentary conditions tended to have more adverse effects on the lipid profile and insulin sensitivity in South Asians.
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Caloric dose-responsive genes in blood cells differentiate the metabolic status of obese men. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 43:156-165. [PMID: 28319853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the postprandial transcriptional response of blood cells to increasing caloric doses of a meal challenge to test whether the dynamic response of the human organism to the ingestion of food is dependent on metabolic health. The randomized crossover study included seven normal weight and seven obese men consuming three doses (500/1000/1500 kcal) of a high-fat meal. The blood cell transcriptome was measured before and 2, 4, and 6 h after meal ingestion (168 samples). We applied univariate and multivariate statistics to investigate differentially expressed genes in both study groups. We identified 624 probe sets that were up- or down-regulated after the caloric challenge in a dose-dependent manner. These transcripts were most responsive to the 1500 kcal challenge in the obese group and were associated with postprandial insulin and oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, the data revealed a separation of the obese group into individuals whose response was close to the normal weight group and individuals with a transcriptional response indicative of a loss of metabolic flexibility. The molecular signature provided by the postprandial transcriptomic response of blood cells to increasing caloric doses of a high-fat meal challenge may represent a sensitive way to evaluate the qualitative impact of food on human health.
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6
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Baig S, Parvaresh Rizi E, Shabeer M, Chhay V, Mok SF, Loh TP, Magkos F, Vidal-Puig A, Tai ES, Khoo CM, Toh SA. Metabolic gene expression profile in circulating mononuclear cells reflects obesity-associated metabolic inflexibility. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:74. [PMID: 27800008 PMCID: PMC5081666 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with an impaired ability to switch from fatty acid to glucose oxidation during the fasted to fed transition, particularly in skeletal muscle. However, whether such metabolic inflexibility is reflected at the gene transcription level in circulatory mononuclear cells (MNC) is not known. METHODS The whole-body respiratory quotient (RQ) and transcriptional regulation of genes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in MNC were measured during fasting and in response (up to 6 h) to high-carbohydrate and high-fat meals in nine lean insulin-sensitive and nine obese insulin-resistant men. RESULTS Compared to lean subjects, obese subjects had an impaired ability to increase RQ and switch from fatty acid to glucose oxidation following the high-carbohydrate meal (interaction term P < 0.05). This was accompanied by an impaired induction of genes involved in oxidative metabolism of glucose in MNC, such as phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) and increased expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, such as fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) and fatty acid synthase (FASN) (P < 0.05). On the contrary, there were no differences in the gene expression profiles between lean and obese subjects following the high-fat meal. CONCLUSIONS Postprandial expression profiles of genes involved in glucose and fatty acid metabolism in the MNC reflect the differing metabolic flexibility phenotypes of our cohort of lean and obese individuals. These differences in metabolic flexibility between the lean and obese are elicited by an acute meal challenge that is rich in carbohydrate but not fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Baig
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599 Singapore
| | - Ehsan Parvaresh Rizi
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599 Singapore.,Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Muhammad Shabeer
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599 Singapore
| | - Vanna Chhay
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599 Singapore
| | - Shao Feng Mok
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tze Ping Loh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences (SICS), ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - E Shyong Tai
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599 Singapore.,Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599 Singapore.,Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sue-Anne Toh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599 Singapore.,Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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Chee C, Shannon CE, Burns A, Selby AL, Wilkinson D, Smith K, Greenhaff PL, Stephens FB. Relative Contribution of Intramyocellular Lipid to Whole-Body Fat Oxidation Is Reduced With Age but Subsarcolemmal Lipid Accumulation and Insulin Resistance Are Only Associated With Overweight Individuals. Diabetes 2016; 65:840-50. [PMID: 26740597 PMCID: PMC4894456 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is closely related to intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) accumulation, and both are associated with increasing age. It remains to be determined to what extent perturbations in IMCL metabolism are related to the aging process per se. On two separate occasions, whole-body and muscle insulin sensitivity (euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp with 2-deoxyglucose) and fat utilization during 1 h of exercise at 50% VO2max ([U-(13)C]palmitate infusion combined with electron microscopy of IMCL) were determined in young lean (YL), old lean (OL), and old overweight (OO) males. OL displayed IMCL content and insulin sensitivity comparable with those in YL, whereas OO were markedly insulin resistant and had more than twofold greater IMCL in the subsarcolemmal (SSL) region. Indeed, whereas the plasma free fatty acid Ra and Rd were twice those of YL in both OL and OO, SSL area only increased during exercise in OO. Thus, skeletal muscle insulin resistance and lipid accumulation often observed in older individuals are likely due to lifestyle factors rather than inherent aging of skeletal muscle as usually reported. However, age per se appears to cause exacerbated adipose tissue lipolysis, suggesting that strategies to reduce muscle lipid delivery and improve adipose tissue function may be warranted in older overweight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Chee
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Chris E Shannon
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Aisling Burns
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Anna L Selby
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Daniel Wilkinson
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Kenneth Smith
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Paul L Greenhaff
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Francis B Stephens
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.
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Hariya N, Miyake K, Kubota T, Goda T, Mochizuki K. Putative PPAR target genes express highly in skeletal muscle of insulin-resistant MetS model SHR/NDmc-cp rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2016; 61:28-36. [PMID: 25994137 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.61.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It is known that insulin resistance in skeletal muscle induces subsequent metabolic diseases such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, which genes are altered in the skeletal muscle by development of insulin resistance in animal models has not been examined. In this study, we performed microarray and subsequent real-time RT-PCR analyses using total RNA extracted from the gastrocnemius muscle of the MetS model, spontaneously hypertensive corpulent congenic (SHR/NDmc-cp) rats, and control Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. SHR/NDmc-cp rats displayed overt insulin resistance relative to WKY rats. The expression of many genes related to fatty acid oxidation was higher in SHR/NDmc-cp rats than in WKY rats. Among 18 upregulated genes, putative peroxisome proliferator responsive elements were found in the upstream region of 15 genes. The protein expression of ACOX2, an upregulated gene, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) G1, but not of PPARG2, PPARA or PPARD, was higher in the gastrocnemius muscle of SHR/NDmc-cp rats than that in WKY rats. These results suggest that insulin resistance in the MetS model, SHR/NDmc-cp rats, is positively associated with the expression of fatty acid oxidation-related genes, which are presumably PPARs’ targets, in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuyo Hariya
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi 2) Department of Epigenetic Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
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9
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Kakehi S, Tamura Y, Takeno K, Sakurai Y, Kawaguchi M, Watanabe T, Funayama T, Sato F, Ikeda SI, Kanazawa A, Fujitani Y, Kawamori R, Watada H. Increased intramyocellular lipid/impaired insulin sensitivity is associated with altered lipid metabolic genes in muscle of high responders to a high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E32-40. [PMID: 26487001 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00220.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) is recognized as an important determinant of insulin resistance, and is increased by a high-fat diet (HFD). However, the effects of HFD on IMCL and insulin sensitivity are highly variable. The aim of this study was to identify the genes in muscle that are related to this inter-individual variation. Fifty healthy men were recruited for this study. Before and after HFD for 3 days, IMCL levels in the tibialis anterior were measured by (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and peripheral insulin sensitivity was evaluated by glucose infusion rate (GIR) during the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. Subjects who showed a large increase in IMCL and a large decrease in GIR by HFD were classified as high responders (HRs), and subjects who showed a small increase in IMCL and a small decrease in GIR were classified as low responders (LRs). In five subjects from each group, the gene expression profile of the vastus lateralis muscle was analyzed by DNA microarray analysis. Before HFD, gene expression profiles related to lipid metabolism were comparable between the two groups. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis demonstrated that five gene sets related to lipid metabolism were upregulated by HFD in the HR group but not in the LR group. Changes in gene expression patterns were confirmed by qRT-PCR using more samples (LR, n = 9; HR, n = 11). These results suggest that IMCL accumulation/impaired insulin sensitivity after HFD is closely associated with changes in the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Kakehi
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Tamura
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Kageumi Takeno
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Sakurai
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minako Kawaguchi
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Watanabe
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Funayama
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Sato
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Ikeda
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Kanazawa
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Fujitani
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Kawamori
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and Center for Molecular Diabetology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Muoio DM. Metabolic inflexibility: when mitochondrial indecision leads to metabolic gridlock. Cell 2015; 159:1253-62. [PMID: 25480291 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Normal energy metabolism is characterized by periodic shifts in glucose and fat oxidation, as the mitochondrial machinery responsible for carbon combustion switches freely between alternative fuels according to physiological and nutritional circumstances. These transitions in fuel choice are orchestrated by an intricate network of metabolic and cell signaling events that enable exquisite crosstalk and cooperation between competing substrates to maintain energy and glucose homeostasis. By contrast, obesity-related cardiometabolic diseases are increasingly recognized as disorders of metabolic inflexibility, in which nutrient overload and heightened substrate competition result in mitochondrial indecision, impaired fuel switching, and energy dysregulation. This Perspective offers a speculative view on the molecular origins and pathophysiological consequences of metabolic inflexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah M Muoio
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Rodriguez S, Ellis JM, Wolfgang MJ. Chemical-genetic induction of Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase in skeletal muscle. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 15:20. [PMID: 25152047 PMCID: PMC4236586 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-15-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Defects in skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation have been implicated in the etiology of insulin resistance. Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD) has been a target of investigation because it reduces the concentration of malonyl-CoA, a metabolite that inhibits fatty acid oxidation. The in vivo role of muscle MCD expression in the development of insulin resistance remains unclear. Results To determine the role of MCD in skeletal muscle of diet induced obese and insulin resistant mouse models we generated mice expressing a muscle specific transgene for MCD (Tg-fMCDSkel) stabilized posttranslationally by the small molecule, Shield-1. Tg-fMCDSkel and control mice were placed on either a high fat or low fat diet for 3.5 months. Obese and glucose intolerant as well as lean control Tg-fMCDSkel and nontransgenic control mice were treated with Shield-1 and changes in their body weight and insulin sensitivity were determined upon induction of MCD. Inducing MCD activity >5-fold in skeletal muscle over two weeks did not alter body weight or glucose intolerance of obese mice. MCD induction further potentiated the defects in insulin signaling of obese mice. In addition, key enzymes in fatty acid oxidation were suppressed following MCD induction. Conclusion Acute induction of MCD in the skeletal muscle of obese and glucose intolerant mice did not improve body weight and decreased insulin sensitivity compared to obese nontransgenic controls. Induction of MCD in skeletal muscle resulted in a suppression of mitochondrial oxidative genes suggesting a redundant and metabolite driven regulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael J Wolfgang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N, Wolfe St,, 475 Rangos Building, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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Abstract
MOTIVATION Discovering the transcriptional regulatory architecture of the metabolism has been an important topic to understand the implications of transcriptional fluctuations on metabolism. The reporter algorithm (RA) was proposed to determine the hot spots in metabolic networks, around which transcriptional regulation is focused owing to a disease or a genetic perturbation. Using a z-score-based scoring scheme, RA calculates the average statistical change in the expression levels of genes that are neighbors to a target metabolite in the metabolic network. The RA approach has been used in numerous studies to analyze cellular responses to the downstream genetic changes. In this article, we propose a mutual information-based multivariate reporter algorithm (MIRA) with the goal of eliminating the following problems in detecting reporter metabolites: (i) conventional statistical methods suffer from small sample sizes, (ii) as z-score ranges from minus to plus infinity, calculating average scores can lead to canceling out opposite effects and (iii) analyzing genes one by one, then aggregating results can lead to information loss. MIRA is a multivariate and combinatorial algorithm that calculates the aggregate transcriptional response around a metabolite using mutual information. We show that MIRA's results are biologically sound, empirically significant and more reliable than RA. RESULTS We apply MIRA to gene expression analysis of six knockout strains of Escherichia coli and show that MIRA captures the underlying metabolic dynamics of the switch from aerobic to anaerobic respiration. We also apply MIRA to an Autism Spectrum Disorder gene expression dataset. Results indicate that MIRA reports metabolites that highly overlap with recently found metabolic biomarkers in the autism literature. Overall, MIRA is a promising algorithm for detecting metabolic drug targets and understanding the relation between gene expression and metabolic activity. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The code is implemented in C# language using .NET framework. Project is available upon request.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ercument Cicek
- Lane Center for Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213 and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106
| | - Kathryn Roeder
- Lane Center for Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213 and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106
| | - Gultekin Ozsoyoglu
- Lane Center for Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213 and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106
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Kim T, He L, Johnson MS, Li Y, Zeng L, Ding Y, Long Q, Moore JF, Sharer JD, Nagy TR, Young ME, Wood PA, Yang Q. Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1b Deficiency Protects Mice from Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 5:361. [PMID: 25309812 PMCID: PMC4190034 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6156.1000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase 1 (CPT1) is the rate-limiting enzyme governing long-chain fatty acid entry into mitochondria. CPT1 inhibitors have been developed and exhibited beneficial effects against type II diabetes in short-term preclinical animal studies. However, the long-term effects of treatment remain unclear and potential non-specific effects of these CPT1 inhibitors hamper in-depth understanding of the potential molecular mechanisms involved. Methods We investigated the effects of restricting the activity of the muscle isoform CPT1b in mice using heterozygous CPT1b deficient (Cpt1b+/−) and Wild Type (WT) mice fed with a High Fat Diet (HFD) for 22 weeks. Insulin sensitivity was assessed using Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT), insulin tolerance test and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps. We also examined body weight/composition, tissue and systemic metabolism/energetic status, lipid profile, transcript analysis, and changes in insulin signaling pathways. Results We found that Cpt1b+/− mice were protected from HFD-induced insulin resistance compared to WT littermates. Cpt1b+/− mice exhibited elevated whole body glucose disposal rate and skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Furthermore, Cpt1b+/− skeletal muscle showed diminished ex vivo palmitate oxidative capacity by ~40% and augmented glucose oxidation capacity by ~50% without overt change in whole body energy metabolism. HFD feeding Cpt1b+/− but not WT mice exhibited well-maintained insulin signaling in skeletal muscle, heart, and liver. Conclusion The present study on a genetic model of CPT1b restriction supports the concept that partial CPT1b inhibition is a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teayoun Kim
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Lan He
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Maria S Johnson
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Ling Zeng
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA ; Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Higher Education Mega Center Campus, China
| | - Yishu Ding
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Qinqiang Long
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - John F Moore
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Jon D Sharer
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Tim R Nagy
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Martin E Young
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Philip A Wood
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, USA
| | - Qinglin Yang
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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Funai K, Song H, Yin L, Lodhi IJ, Wei X, Yoshino J, Coleman T, Semenkovich CF. Muscle lipogenesis balances insulin sensitivity and strength through calcium signaling. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:1229-40. [PMID: 23376793 DOI: 10.1172/jci65726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous dietary fat can induce obesity and promote diabetes, but endogenous fat production is not thought to affect skeletal muscle insulin resistance, an antecedent of metabolic disease. Unexpectedly, the lipogenic enzyme fatty acid synthase (FAS) was increased in the skeletal muscle of mice with diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Skeletal muscle-specific inactivation of FAS protected mice from insulin resistance without altering adiposity, specific inflammatory mediators of insulin signaling, or skeletal muscle levels of diacylglycerol or ceramide. Increased insulin sensitivity despite high-fat feeding was driven by activation of AMPK without affecting AMP content or the AMP/ATP ratio in resting skeletal muscle. AMPK was induced by elevated cytosolic calcium caused by impaired sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) activity due to altered phospholipid composition of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), but came at the expense of decreased muscle strength. Thus, inhibition of skeletal muscle FAS prevents obesity-associated diabetes in mice, but also causes muscle weakness, which suggests that mammals have retained the capacity for lipogenesis in muscle to preserve physical performance in the setting of disrupted metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Funai
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Glund S, Schoelch C, Thomas L, Niessen HG, Stiller D, Roth GJ, Neubauer H. Inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 enhances skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation and improves whole-body glucose homeostasis in db/db mice. Diabetologia 2012; 55:2044-53. [PMID: 22532389 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2554-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Excessive ectopic lipid deposition contributes to impaired insulin action in peripheral tissues and is considered an important link between obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) is a key regulatory enzyme controlling skeletal muscle mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation; inhibition of ACC2 results in enhanced oxidation of lipids. Several mouse models lacking functional ACC2 have been reported in the literature. However, the phenotypes of the different models are inconclusive with respect to glucose homeostasis and protection from diet-induced obesity. METHODS Here, we studied the effects of pharmacological inhibition of ACC2 using as a selective inhibitor the S enantiomer of compound 9c ([S]-9c). Selectivity was confirmed in biochemical assays using purified human ACC1 and ACC2. RESULTS (S)-9c significantly increased fatty acid oxidation in isolated extensor digitorum longus muscle from different mouse models (EC(50) 226 nmol/l). Accordingly, short-term treatment of mice with (S)-9c decreased malonyl-CoA levels in skeletal muscle and concomitantly reduced intramyocellular lipid levels. Treatment of db/db mice for 70 days with (S)-9c (10 and 30 mg/kg, by oral gavage) resulted in improved oral glucose tolerance (AUC -36%, p < 0.05), enhanced skeletal muscle 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) uptake, as well as lowered prandial glucose (-31%, p < 0.01) and HbA(1c) (-0.7%, p < 0.05). Body weight, liver triacylglycerol, plasma insulin and pancreatic insulin content were unaffected by the treatment. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In conclusion, the ACC2-selective inhibitor (S)-9c revealed glucose-lowering effects in a mouse model of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Glund
- CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH& Co. KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
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