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Murru E, Manca C, Carta G, Ruggiu M, Solinas R, Montisci R, Hodson L, Dearlove D, Mollica MP, Tocco F, Banni S. Indirect Calorimetry-Based Novel Approach for Evaluating Metabolic Flexibility and Its Association with Circulating Metabolic Markers in Middle-Aged Subjects. Nutrients 2024; 16:525. [PMID: 38398849 PMCID: PMC10891777 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We propose a novel method for assessing metabolic flexibility (MF) through indirect calorimetry. A total of twenty healthy volunteers (10 females; 10 males) aged 45-65 were categorized into a Low-Intensity activity group (LI, 0-1 session of 1 h per week) and a High-Intensity activity group (HI, 5-6 sessions of 2 h per week). Volunteers underwent a stepwise exercise test on a cycle ergometer, connected to a calorimeter, to examine respiratory gas exchange to evaluate peak fatty acid Oxidation (PFO) and peak carbohydrate oxidation (PCO). Circulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) biomarkers, docosahexaenoic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid (DHA/EPA) ratio and N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA), and the endocannabinoid- 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), were evaluated. We developed two MF parameters: the MF index (MFI), calculated by the product of PFO normalized per kg of fat-free mass (FFM) and the percentage of VO2max at PFO, and the peak energy substrates' oxidation (PESO), computed by summing the kilocalories from the PFO and PCO, normalized per kg FFM. The MFI and PESO were significantly different between the HI and LI groups, showing strong correlations with the circulating bioactive substances. Higher DHA/EPA ratio (p ≤ 0.05) and OEA (p ≤ 0.01), but lower 2-AG levels (p ≤ 0.01) were found in the HI group. These new parameters successfully established a functional link between MF and the balance of PPARα/endocannabinoid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Claudia Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Michele Ruggiu
- Clinical Cardiology and Sport Medicine, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (M.R.); (R.S.); (R.M.); (F.T.)
| | - Roberto Solinas
- Clinical Cardiology and Sport Medicine, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (M.R.); (R.S.); (R.M.); (F.T.)
| | - Roberta Montisci
- Clinical Cardiology and Sport Medicine, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (M.R.); (R.S.); (R.M.); (F.T.)
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; (L.H.); (D.D.)
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital Trusts, Oxford OX4 2PG, UK
| | - David Dearlove
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; (L.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Filippo Tocco
- Clinical Cardiology and Sport Medicine, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (M.R.); (R.S.); (R.M.); (F.T.)
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.C.)
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Manca C, Coa R, Murru E, Carta G, Pinna G, Sanfilippo R, Polizzi L, Pistis M, Follesa P, Puligheddu M, Banni S. Identification of metabolic biomarkers of chronic vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in subjects with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Epilepsia Open 2024; 9:432-438. [PMID: 38016924 PMCID: PMC10839364 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulation by means of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy, reduces seizure frequency and improves quality of life in subjects with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), yet its molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study investigates the impact of chronic VNS on lipid bioactive metabolites and fatty acids (FA) in the plasma and red blood cells of seven subjects with DRE. By measuring expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and sirtuin1 (SIRT1) genes-key regulators in energy and lipid metabolism-and lipid profiles before and after various stages of VNS, this study identifies potential mechanisms by which VNS may reduce seizure frequency. Blood samples collected before VNS device implantation, after acute VNS stimulus, and following gradual intensity increments up to therapeutic levels revealed that VNS increases SIRT1 and PPARα expression and erythrocyte concentrations of PPARα ligands. Additionally, we observe reduced de novo lipogenesis biomarkers in erythrocytes, indicating that VNS may influence systemic lipid and energy metabolism. Our findings suggest that VNS could enhance neuronal function by modulating energy metabolism, thus potentially reducing seizure frequency in subjects with DRE. Future research targeting SIRT1 and PPARα may provide innovative therapeutic strategies for managing DRE. Plain Language Summary: The exact mechanism of VNS is still unknown. This study investigated the effects of VNS Therapy on energetic metabolism, suggesting possible novel biomarkers for DRE subjects and neuromodulation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Manca
- Department of Biomedical SciencesDivision of PhysiologyUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Roberta Coa
- Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Adult EpilepsyNeurology UnitAOU CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical SciencesDivision of PhysiologyUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical SciencesDivision of PhysiologyUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Giovanni Pinna
- SC NeurosurgeryNeuroscience and Rehabilitation Department, San Michele HospitalARNAS G. BrotzuCagliariItaly
| | | | - Lorenzo Polizzi
- Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Adult EpilepsyNeurology UnitAOU CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Marco Pistis
- Department of Biomedical SciencesDivision of Neuroscience and Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
- Neuroscience InstituteNational Research Council of Italy (CNR), Section of CagliariCagliariItaly
- Clinical Pharmacology UnitAOU CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Paolo Follesa
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesSection of Neuroscience and AnthropologyUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Monica Puligheddu
- Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Adult EpilepsyNeurology UnitAOU CagliariCagliariItaly
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical SciencesDivision of PhysiologyUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
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D'Antongiovanni V, Antonioli L, Benvenuti L, Pellegrini C, Di Salvo C, Calvigioni M, Panattoni A, Ryskalin L, Natale G, Banni S, Carta G, Ghelardi E, Fornai M. Use of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 as therapeutic strategy for prevention of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced intestinal injury. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:3215-3233. [PMID: 37519261 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be associated with severe adverse digestive effects. This study examined the protective effects of the probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 in a rat model of diclofenac-induced enteropathy. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Enteropathy was induced in 40-week-old male rats by intragastric diclofenac (4 mg·kg-1 BID for 14 days). S. boulardii CNCM I-745 (3 g·kg-1 BID by oral gavage) was administered starting 14 days before (preventive protocol) or along with (curative protocol) diclofenac administration. Ileal damage, inflammation, barrier integrity, gut microbiota composition and toll-like receptors (TLRs)-nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway were evaluated. KEY RESULTS Diclofenac elicited intestinal damage, along with increments of myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-1β, overexpression of TLR2/4, myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (Myd88) and NF-κB p65, increased faecal calprotectin and butyrate levels, and decreased blood haemoglobin levels, occludin and butyrate transporter monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) expression. In addition, diclofenac provoked a shift of bacterial taxa in both faecal and ileal samples. Treatment with S. boulardii CNCM I-745, in both preventive and curative protocols, counteracted the majority of these deleterious changes. Only preventive administration of the probiotic counteracted NSAID-induced decreased expression of MCT1 and increase in faecal butyrate levels. Occludin expression, after probiotic treatment, did not significantly change. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Treatment with S. boulardii CNCM I-745 prevents diclofenac-induced enteropathy through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Such effects are likely to be related to increased tissue butyrate bioavailability, through an improvement of butyrate uptake by the enteric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Benvenuti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Clelia Di Salvo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Calvigioni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Adelaide Panattoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Larisa Ryskalin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Natale
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Emilia Ghelardi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Carta G, Murru E, Trinchese G, Cavaliere G, Manca C, Mollica MP, Banni S. Reducing Dietary Polyunsaturated to Saturated Fatty Acids Ratio Improves Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in Obese Zucker Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:4761. [PMID: 38004155 PMCID: PMC10674282 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the influence of varying dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)/saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratios on insulin resistance (IR), fatty acid metabolism, N-acylethanolamine (NAE) bioactive metabolite levels, and mitochondrial function in lean and obese Zucker rats in a model designed to study obesity and IR from overnutrition. We provided diets with 7% fat (w/w), with either a low PUFA/SFA ratio of 0.48, predominantly comprising palmitic acid (PA), (diet-PA), or the standard AIN-93G diet with a high PUFA/SFA ratio of 3.66 (control, diet-C) over eight weeks. In obese rats on diet-PA versus diet-C, there were reductions in plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, insulin concentrations and improved muscle mitochondrial function, inflammatory markers and increased muscle N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA), a bioactive lipid that modulates lipid metabolism and metabolic flexibility. Elevated palmitic acid levels were found exclusively in obese rats, regardless of their diet, implying an endogenous production through de novo lipogenesis rather than from a dietary origin. In conclusion, a reduced dietary PUFA/SFA ratio positively influenced glucose and lipid metabolism without affecting long-term PA tissue concentrations. This likely occurs due to an increase in OEA biosynthesis, improving metabolic flexibility in obese rats. Our results hint at a pivotal role for balanced dietary PA in countering the effects of overnutrition-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Claudia Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (S.B.)
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Pellegrini C, D'Antongiovanni V, Miraglia F, Rota L, Benvenuti L, Di Salvo C, Testa G, Capsoni S, Carta G, Antonioli L, Cattaneo A, Blandizzi C, Colla E, Fornai M. Author Correction: Enteric α-synuclein impairs intestinal epithelial barrier through caspase-1-inflammasome signaling in Parkinson's disease before brain pathology. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:83. [PMID: 37268652 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00536-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Pellegrini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - V D'Antongiovanni
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Miraglia
- Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Rota
- Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Benvenuti
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Di Salvo
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Testa
- Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Capsoni
- Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Carta
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - L Antonioli
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - A Cattaneo
- Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Blandizzi
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Colla
- Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Fornai
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Benvenuti L, D'Antongiovanni V, Pellegrini C, Fornai M, Bernardini N, Ippolito C, Segnani C, Salvo CD, Colucci R, Martelli A, Flori L, Calderone V, Carta G, Ghelardi E, Calvigioni M, Panattoni A, Coppolecchia R, Arini A, Antonioli L. Dietary supplementation with the probiotic SF68 reinforces intestinal epithelial barrier in obese mice by improving butyrate bioavailability. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023:e2200442. [PMID: 37099449 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Modifications in intestinal microbiota and its metabolites, the short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are main factors altering intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and eliciting the onset of a meta-inflammation observed in obesity. The present study was aimed at evaluating the efficacy of Enterococcus faecium (SF68) administration in counteracting the impairment of gut barrier and enteric inflammation in a model of diet-induced obesity, characterizing the molecular mechanisms underlying such beneficial effects. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6J mice, fed with standard diet (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD), were treated with SF68 (108 CFU/day). After 8 weeks, plasma IL-1β and LBP were measured, analysis of fecal microbiota composition and butyrate content as well as intestinal malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, mucins, tight junction protein and butyrate transporter expression were investigated. After 8 weeks, SF68 administration counteracted the body weight gain in HFD mice, reducing plasma IL-1β and LBP. In parallel, SF68 treatment acted against the intestinal inflammation in HFD-fed animals and improved the intestinal barrier integrity and functionality in obese mice via the increase in tight junction protein and intestinal butyrate transporter (SMCT1) expression. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with SF68 reduced intestinal inflammation and reinforced the enteric epithelial barrier in obese mice, improving the transport and utilization of butyrate. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Benvenuti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Segnani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Clelia Di Salvo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rocchina Colucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Emilia Ghelardi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Calvigioni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Adelaide Panattoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Haslinger SG, Frecentese S, Carta G. Localized waves in elastic plates with perturbed honeycomb arrays of constraints. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2022; 380:20210404. [PMID: 35858088 PMCID: PMC9289525 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we study wave propagation in elastic plates incorporating honeycomb arrays of rigid pins. In particular, we demonstrate that topologically non-trivial band-gaps are obtained by perturbing the honeycomb arrays of pins such that the ratio between the lattice spacing and the distance of pins is less than 3; conversely, a larger ratio would lead to the appearance of trivial stop-bands. For this purpose, we investigate band inversion of modes and calculate the valley Chern numbers associated with the dispersion surfaces near the band opening, since the present problem has analogies with the quantum valley Hall effect. In addition, we determine localized eigenmodes in strips, repeating periodically in one direction, that are subdivided into a topological and a trivial section. Finally, the outcomes of the dispersion analysis are corroborated by numerical simulations, where a time-harmonic point source is applied to a plate with finite arrays of rigid pins to create localized waves immune to backscattering. This article is part of the theme issue 'Wave generation and transmission in multi-scale complex media and structured metamaterials (part 1)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. G. Haslinger
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZL, UK
| | - S. Frecentese
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZL, UK
| | - G. Carta
- University of Cagliari, Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, Cagliari 09123, Italy
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Carta G, Naderlinger E, Bergstedt N, Minten Y, Jennings P, Wilmes A. P12-30 Development of human iPSc derived renal models for mitochondrial toxicity detection. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Palmitic acid (PA) is ubiquitously present in dietary fat guaranteeing an average intake of about 20 g/d. The relative high requirement and relative content in the human body, which accounts for 20–30% of total fatty acids (FAs), is justified by its relevant nutritional role. In particular physiological conditions, such as in the fetal stage or in the developing brain, the respectively inefficient placental and brain blood–barrier transfer of PA strongly induces its endogenous biosynthesis from glucose via de novo lipogenesis (DNL) to secure a tight homeostatic control of PA tissue concentration required to exert its multiple physiological activities. However, pathophysiological conditions (insulin resistance) are characterized by a sustained DNL in the liver and aimed at preventing the excess accumulation of glucose, which result in increased tissue content of PA and disrupted homeostatic control of its tissue concentration. This leads to an overaccumulation of tissue PA, which results in dyslipidemia, increased ectopic fat accumulation, and inflammatory tone via toll-like receptor 4. Any change in dietary saturated FAs (SFAs) usually reflects a complementary change in polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) intake. Since PUFA particularly n-3 highly PUFA, suppress lipogenic gene expression, their reduction in intake rather than excess of dietary SFA may promote endogenous PA production via DNL. Thereby, the increase in tissue PA and its deleterious consequences from dysregulated DNL can be mistakenly attributed to dietary intake of PA.
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Murru E, Carta G, Manca C, Saebo A, Santoni M, Mostallino R, Pistis M, Banni S. Dietary Phospholipid-Bound Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Incorporation Into Fetal Liver and Brain Modulates Fatty Acid and N-Acylethanolamine Profiles. Front Nutr 2022; 9:834066. [PMID: 35360687 PMCID: PMC8961418 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.834066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated whether maternal intake of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the phospholipid (PL) form (CLA-DHA PL) affects maternal and fetal brain and liver fatty acids (FAs) profile and the biosynthesis of FA-derived bioactive lipid mediators N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) involved in several neurophysiological functions. We fed rat dams during the first 2/3 of their pregnancy a CLA-DHA PL diet containing PL-bound 0.5% CLA and 0.2% DHA. FA and NAE profiles were analyzed in maternal and fetal liver and brain by Liquid Chromatography diode array detector (LC-DAD) and MS/MS in line. We found that CLA and DHA crossed the placenta and were readily incorporated into the fetal liver and brain. CLA metabolites were also found abundantly in fetal tissues. Changes in the FA profile induced by the CLA-DHA PL diet influenced the biosynthesis of NAE derived from arachidonic acid (ARA; N-arachidonoylethanolamine, AEA) and from DHA (N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine, DHEA). The latter has been previously shown to promote synaptogenesis and neuritogenesis. The reduced tissue n6/n3 ratio was associated to a significant decrease of AEA levels in the fetal and maternal liver and an increase of DHEA in the fetal and maternal liver and in the fetal brain. Maternal dietary CLA-DHA PL by promptly modifying fetal brain FA metabolism, and thereby, increasing DHEA, might represent an effective nutritional strategy to promote neurite growth and synaptogenesis and protect the offspring from neurological and psychiatric disorders with neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative basis during the critical prenatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudia Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Michele Santoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rafaela Mostallino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Pistis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, Section of Cagliari, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Sebastiano Banni
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Bois F, Tebby C, Gao W, Johannes Delp J, Carta G, van der Stel W, Leist M, Jennings P, van de Water B. Quantitative Bayesian Network Analyses of Mitochondrial Toxicity. Toxicol Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(21)00303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Murru E, Carta G, Abolghasemi A, Manca C, Prates JAM, Guil-Guerrero JL, Banni S, Lopes PA. Different Dietary n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Formulations Distinctively Modify Fatty Acid and N-Acylethanolamine Profiles in Rat Brain. Curr Dev Nutr 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab037_059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA) may influence the brain fatty acid (FA) profile and, thereby, the biosynthesis of FA bioactive metabolite, such as N-acylethanolamines (NAE). We investigated the influence of different dietary formulation of n-3PUFA from vegetable or marine oils on rat FA incorporation and modulation of NAE biosynthesis.
Methods
Rats were fed for 10 weeks with diets containing 12% of fat from milk + 4% soybean oil and 4% of oils with different n-3 PUFA species: soybean oil as control (MilkFat), linseed oil with α-linolenic (ALA) (LSO), Buglossoides arvensis oil with ALA and stearidonic (SDA) (Buglos), fish oil with EPA and DHA (FO), Nannochloropsis microalga oil with EPA (Nanno) or Schizochytrium microalga oil with DHA (Schy). Brain FA and NAE profile were assessed LC-DAD-MS/MS. Statistical Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's correction was applied.
Results
Different dietary n-3PUFA formulations induced FA change in the brain, compared to MilkFat group, DHA levels remained unchanged despite its elevated intake with FO and Schy diets. However, we found 9 fold (P < 0.001) increase of EPA with FO, arachidonic (AA) decreased significantly about 16% (P < 0.05) with LSO and FO diets. n-6 PUFA docosatetraenoic (DTA) (26% P < 0.05) and docosapentaenoic (DPA) (73% P < 0.05) were reduced with FO, probably due to a competition with EPA in the incorporation into phospholipids. We observed a 44% (P < 0.05) significant decrease of N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) with LSO and FO, and a reduction of N-linoleoylethanolamine (LEA) by 49% (P < 0.05) with LSO. On the other hand, we found an increase of N-eicosapentanoylethanolamine (EPEA), derived from EPA, by 225% (P < 0.05) with FO, compared to MilkFat group.
Conclusions
Our data indicate that reduction of AEA levels might attenuate its effects on the CB1 cannabinoid receptors, the main molecular target of the endogenous partial agonist AEA, which regulate physiological processes in the central nervous system. Therefore, in those pathophysiological conditions where is desirable to downregulate an overactive endocannabinoid system, a mixture of EPA and DHA as in FO, and ALA as in LSO, may potentially be a preferred nutritional source of n-3 PUFA.
Funding Sources
University of Cagliari (FIR 2019) and Fundação FCT (Portugal).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paula A Lopes
- Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica
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Manca C, Murru E, Carta G, Santoni M, Pistis M, Banni S. New Insights on Hepatic De Novo Lipogenesis in Rat's Fetus. Curr Dev Nutr 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab046_077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Among the macronutrients provided by the mothers to fetuses free fatty acids (FFA), particularly palmitic acid and glycerol cross the placental barrier in smaller proportions respect to glucose and amino acids, due to a minor placental permeability. It has already been suggested that during advanced gestation, fetal FA are mainly derived from de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in the fetal liver. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate DNL metabolic biomarkers in fetuses of rat dams at gestational day (GD) 16, which represent the beginning of the third stage of gestation. Peculiarly, besides the usual lipid biomarkers of DNL, increase of PA and POA and the ratio PA/LA, we also evaluated whether C16:0 ceramide biosynthesis was enhanced by DNL thereby representing a novel biomarker of DNL.
Methods
The profile of FA and ceramides was measured by using LC-DAD and MS/MS in line in liver of rat dams sacrificed at GD16 and their fetuses. Differences between rat dams and their fetuses were determined by an Mann-Whitney unpaired test.
Results
Our results show that lipid metabolism in the liver of fetuses, when compared to those of their mother, was characterized by profound differences in the fatty acid profile, i.e., increased levels of the palmitic acid (16:0) (1.24 fold; p = 0.04) and its desaturase product palmitoleic acid (16:1-n7) (2.5 fold; p = 0.002) indicating an overactive DNL. Peculiarly, we found striking higher levels (30 fold; p = 0.02) in fetal liver respect to rat dams liver of C16:0 ceramide, while the other ceramides species didn't increase significantly.
Conclusions
Our data suggest that the 16:0 to form fetal C16:0 ceramide derives from DNL. C16:0 ceramide in adults is usually associated to impaired insulin signalling and energy homeostasis, and eventually to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, it has also been shown that C16:0 ceramide sustains lipogenesis, which may be functional to the increased fetal growth rate characteristic of the last gestational stage.
Funding Sources
This study was supported by grant from the Ministry of University and Research (MUR) - Proof of Concept 2018.
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Manca C, Carta G, Murru E, Abolghasemi A, Ansar H, Errigo A, Cani PD, Banni S, Pes GM. Circulating fatty acids and endocannabinoidome-related mediator profiles associated to human longevity. GeroScience 2021; 43:1783-1798. [PMID: 33650014 PMCID: PMC8492808 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00342-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate whether a peculiar plasma profile of fatty acids and endocannabinoidome (eCBome)-related mediators may be associated to longevity, we assessed them in octogenarians (Old; n=42) living in the east-central mountain area of Sardinia, a High-Longevity Zone (HLZ), compared to sexagenarian (Young; n=21) subjects from the same area, and to Olds (n=22) from the Northern Sardinia indicated as Lower-Longevity Zone (LLZ). We found significant increases in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and heptadecanoic acid (17:0) levels in Old-HLZ with respect to younger subjects and Old-LLZ subjects. Young-HLZ subjects exhibited higher circulating levels of pentadecanoic acid (15:0) and retinol. Palmitoleic acid (POA) was elevated in both Young and Old subjects from the HLZ. eCBome profile showed a significantly increased plasma level of the two endocannabinoids, N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) in Old-HLZ subjects compared to Young-HLZ and Old-LLZ respectively. In addition, we found increased N-oleoyl-ethanolamine (OEA), 2-linoleoyl-glycerol (2-LG) and 2-oleoyl-glycerol (2-OG) levels in Old-HLZ group with respect to Young-HLZ (as for OEA an d 2-LG) and both the Old-LLZ and Young-HLZ for 2-OG. The endogenous metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), N-docosahexaenoyl-ethanolamine (DHEA) was significantly increased in Old-HLZ subjects. In conclusion, our results suggest that in the HLZ area, Young and Old subjects exhibited a favourable, albeit distinctive, fatty acids and eCBome profile that may be indicative of a metabolic pattern potentially protective from adverse chronic conditions. These factors could point to a suitable physiological metabolic pattern that may counteract the adverse stimuli leading to age-related disorders such as neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Armita Abolghasemi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Hastimansooreh Ansar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Alessandra Errigo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Mario Pes
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Sardinia Longevity Blue Zone Observatory, Ogliastra, Italy
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15
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Murru E, Carta G, Manca C, Sogos V, Pistis M, Melis M, Banni S. Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Brain Metabolism: A Possible Anti-Neuroinflammatory Role Mediated by PPARα Activation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:587140. [PMID: 33505308 PMCID: PMC7832089 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.587140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids play a crucial role in the brain as specific receptor ligands and as precursors of bioactive metabolites. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a group of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2 n-6) present in meat and dairy products of ruminants and synthesized endogenously in non-ruminants and humans, has been shown to possess different nutritional properties associated with health benefits. Its ability to bind to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α, a nuclear receptor key regulator of fatty acid metabolism and inflammatory responses, partly mediates these beneficial effects. CLA is incorporated and metabolized into brain tissue where induces the biosynthesis of endogenous PPARα ligands palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA), likely through a positive feedback mechanism where PPARα activation sustains its own cellular effects through ligand biosynthesis. In addition to PPARα, PEA and OEA may as well bind to other receptors such as TRPV1, further extending CLA own anti-neuroinflammatory actions. Future studies are needed to investigate whether dietary CLA may exert anti-inflammatory activity, particularly in the setting of neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders with a neuroinflammatory basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Claudia Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Valeria Sogos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Marco Pistis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Miriam Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
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Piras A, Porcedda S, Falconieri D, Fais A, Era B, Carta G, Rosa A. Supercritical extraction of volatile and fixed oils from Petroselinum crispum L. seeds: chemical composition and biological activity. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:1883-1888. [PMID: 32820642 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1810031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of volatile and fixed oil from milled parsley (Petroselinum crispum L.) seeds, using CO2 as solvent, is presented in this study. Extraction experiments were carried out in two steps: at pressures of (90 or 300) bar and temperature of 40 °C. The first extraction step, performed at 90 bar, produced a volatile fraction mainly formed by apiole (82.1%) and myristicin (11.4%). The volatile oil yield was 2.6% by weight of the charge. The second extraction step, carried out at 300 bar produced a fixed oil at a yield of 0.4% by weight. The most represented fatty acids in P. crispum fixed oil were 18:1 n-12 (49.9%), 18:2 n-6 (18.2%), 18:1 n-9 (11.8%), and 16:0 (7.4%). In particular, the unsaturated fatty acids 18:1 n-12 and 18:1 n-9 averaged 182.2 mg/g and 92.1 mg/g of oil extract, respectively. The quality of the oils extracted by SFE, in terms of its chemical composition, was compared to the oils obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) in a Clevenger apparatus and by solvent extraction (SE) using n-hexane in a Soxhlet apparatus. The antioxidant properties were determined by means of the ABTS assay. The results indicated that the fixed oil possessed low antioxidant activity (EC50 = 0.4 mg/mL) and the volatile oil had no antioxidant activity. The total phenolic content, expressed as concentration of gallic acid (gallic acid equivalent, GAE), of the fixed oil was 1.5 mg/g. The fixed oil found to have inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase, the volatile oil is active on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), tyrosinase, and α-glucosidase. Both samples have weak inhibitory activity on α-amylase and no activity on butyrylcholinesterase (BChE).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Piras
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy
| | - S Porcedda
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy
| | - D Falconieri
- State Institute of Higher Education "Michele Giua", Cagliari, Italy
| | - A Fais
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy
| | - B Era
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy
| | - G Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy
| | - A Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sotgiu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari
| | - G Carta
- Trinità d'Agultu e Vignola Municipality
| | - L Suelzu
- Trinità d'Agultu e Vignola Municipality
| | - D Carta
- Trinità d'Agultu e Vignola Municipality
| | - G B Migliori
- Istituti Clinici Scientific Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, Italy, ,
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18
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Trinchese G, Cavaliere G, Cimmino F, Catapano A, Carta G, Pirozzi C, Murru E, Lama A, Meli R, Bergamo P, Banni S, Mollica MP. Decreased Metabolic Flexibility in Skeletal Muscle of Rat Fed with a High-Fat Diet Is Recovered by Individual CLA Isomer Supplementation via Converging Protective Mechanisms. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040823. [PMID: 32235294 PMCID: PMC7226748 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy balance, mitochondrial dysfunction, obesity, and insulin resistance are disrupted by metabolic inflexibility while therapeutic interventions are associated with improved glucose/lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle. Conjugated linoleic acid mixture (CLA) exhibited anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects; however, the modulatory ability of its isomers (cis9, trans11, C9; trans10, cis12, C10) on the metabolic flexibility in skeletal muscle remains to be demonstrated. Metabolic inflexibility was induced in rat by four weeks of feeding with a high-fat diet (HFD). At the end of this period, the beneficial effects of C9 or C10 on body lipid content, energy expenditure, pro-inflammatory cytokines, glucose metabolism, and mitochondrial efficiency were examined. Moreover, oxidative stress markers, fatty acids, palmitoyletanolamide (PEA), and oleyletanolamide (OEA) contents along with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-alpha (PPARα), AKT, and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression were evaluated in skeletal muscle to investigate the underlying biochemical mechanisms. The presented results indicate that C9 intake reduced mitochondrial efficiency and oxidative stress and increased PEA and OEA levels more efficiently than C10 while the anti-inflammatory activity of C10, and its regulatory efficacy on glucose homeostasis are associated with modulation of the PPARα/AMPK/pAKT signaling pathway. Our results support the idea that the dissimilar efficacy of C9 and C10 against the HFD-induced metabolic inflexibility may be consequential to their ability to activate different molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.P.); (A.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA 09042, Italy; (G.C.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.P.); (A.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA 09042, Italy; (G.C.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Adriano Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.P.); (A.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.P.); (A.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Paolo Bergamo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA 09042, Italy; (G.C.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-679990; Fax: +39-081-679233
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19
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Carta G, Murru E, Vargiu R, Collu M, Carta M, Banni S, Stancampiano R. Essential fatty acids deficient diet modulates N-Acylethanolamide profile in rat's tissues. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 153:102053. [PMID: 31978675 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
No data are available on whether a diet deficient of the essential fatty acids is able to modulate tissue levels of endocannabinoids and congeners. Male rats fed for 12 weeks a diet deficient of essential fatty acids, palmitic and oleic acids (EFAD), replaced with saturated fatty acids (SAFA), showed lowered n-3 and n-6 PUFAs levels in plasma, liver and adipose tissue, with concomitant steep increase of oleic and mead acids, while in hypothalamus no changes in PUFA concentration were detected and only palmitoleic acid was found increased. We found a reduction of anandamide and palmitoylethanolamide in liver and brain, while oleoylethanolamide increased significantly in liver and adipose tissue, associated to a 50 % body weight decrease. Changes in N-acylethanolamide profile may contribute to body weight reduction distinctive of EFA deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranca Carta
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.S. 554, km. 4,500, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.S. 554, km. 4,500, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - Romina Vargiu
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.S. 554, km. 4,500, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - Maria Collu
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.S. 554, km. 4,500, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - Manolo Carta
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.S. 554, km. 4,500, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.S. 554, km. 4,500, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy.
| | - Roberto Stancampiano
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.S. 554, km. 4,500, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy
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Carta G, Colquitt DJ, Movchan AB, Movchan NV, Jones IS. One-way interfacial waves in a flexural plate with chiral double resonators. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2020; 378:20190350. [PMID: 31760898 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate a new approach to control flexural elastic waves in a structured chiral plate. The main focus is on creating one-way interfacial wave propagation at a given frequency by employing double resonators in a doubly periodic flexural system. The resonators consist of two beams attached to gyroscopic spinners, which act to couple flexural and rotational deformations, hence inducing chirality in the system. We show that this elastic structure supports one-way flexural waves, localized at an interface separating two sub-domains with gyroscopes spinning in opposite directions, but with otherwise identical properties. We demonstrate that a special feature of double resonators is in the directional control of wave propagation by varying the value of the gyricity, while keeping the frequency of the external time-harmonic excitation fixed. Conversely, for the same value of gyricity, the direction of wave propagation can be reversed by tuning the frequency of the external excitation. This article is part of the theme issue 'Modelling of dynamic phenomena and localization in structured media (part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carta
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZL, UK
| | - D J Colquitt
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZL, UK
| | - A B Movchan
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZL, UK
| | - N V Movchan
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZL, UK
| | - I S Jones
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Research Centre, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
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21
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Carta G, Jones IS, Movchan NV, Movchan AB. Wave polarization and dynamic degeneracy in a chiral elastic lattice. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2019; 475:20190313. [PMID: 31892832 PMCID: PMC6936612 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2019.0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper addresses fundamental questions arising in the theory of Bloch-Floquet waves in chiral elastic lattice systems. This area has received a significant attention in the context of 'topologically protected' waveforms. Although practical applications of chiral elastic lattices are widely appreciated, especially in problems of controlling low-frequency vibrations, wave polarization and filtering, the fundamental questions of the relationship of these lattices to classical waveforms associated with longitudinal and shear waves retain a substantial scope for further development. The notion of chirality is introduced into the systematic analysis of dispersive elastic waves in a doubly-periodic lattice. Important quantitative characteristics of the dynamic response of the lattice, such as lattice flux and lattice circulation, are used in the analysis along with the novel concept of 'vortex waveforms' that characterize the dynamic response of the chiral system. We note that the continuum concepts of pressure and shear waves do not apply for waves in a lattice, especially in the case when the wavelength is comparable with the size of the elementary cell of the periodic structure. Special critical regimes are highlighted when vortex waveforms become dominant. Analytical findings are accompanied by illustrative numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carta
- Liverpool John Moores University, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Research Centre, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.,University of Liverpool, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Liverpool L69 7ZL, UK
| | - I S Jones
- Liverpool John Moores University, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Research Centre, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - N V Movchan
- University of Liverpool, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Liverpool L69 7ZL, UK
| | - A B Movchan
- University of Liverpool, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Liverpool L69 7ZL, UK
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22
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Carta G, Nieves MJ, Jones IS, Movchan NV, Movchan AB. Flexural vibration systems with gyroscopic spinners. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2019; 377:20190154. [PMID: 31474205 PMCID: PMC6732376 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we study the spectral properties of a finite system of flexural elements connected by gyroscopic spinners. We determine how the eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes of the system depend on the gyricity of the spinners. In addition, we present a transient numerical simulation that shows how a gyroscopic spinner attached to the end of a hinged beam can be used as a 'stabilizer', reducing the displacements of the beam. We also discuss the dispersive properties of an infinite periodic system of beams with gyroscopic spinners at the junctions. In particular, we investigate how the band-gaps of the structure can be tuned by varying the gyricity of the spinners. This article is part of the theme issue 'Modelling of dynamic phenomena and localization in structured media (part 1)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Carta
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Research Centre, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - M. J. Nieves
- School of Computing and Mathematics, Keele University, The Covert, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d'Armi, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - I. S. Jones
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Research Centre, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - N. V. Movchan
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZL, UK
| | - A. B. Movchan
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZL, UK
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Sferra R, Pompili S, D'Alfonso A, Sabetta G, Gaudio E, Carta G, Festuccia C, Colapietro A, Vetuschi A. Neurovascular alterations of muscularis propria in the human anterior vaginal wall in pelvic organ prolapse. J Anat 2019; 235:281-288. [PMID: 31148163 PMCID: PMC6637706 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the pathophysiology and progression of pelvic organ prolapse (POP), it has been demonstrated that there is a reorganisation of the muscularis propria of the anterior vaginal wall due to a phenotypic smooth muscle cell to myofibroblast switch. An abnormal deposition of collagen type III seems to be influenced by the involvement of advanced glycation end‐products. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hypothesis that this connective tissue remodelling could also be associated with neurovascular alterations of the muscularis in women with POP compared with control patients. We examined 30 women with POP and 10 control patients treated for uterine fibromatosis. Immunohistochemical analysis, using glial fibrillary acidic protein, S‐100 protein, receptor tyrosine kinase, neurofilament and α‐smooth muscle actin antibodies, was performed. S‐100, receptor tyrosine kinase and neurofilament were also evaluated using Western blot analysis. We observed a decrease in all neurovascular‐tested markers in nerve bundles, ganglia and interstitial cells of Cajal from POP samples as compared with controls. Even if the processes responsible for these morphological alterations are still not known, it is conceivable that collagen III deposition in the anterior vaginal wall affects not only the architecture of the muscle layer but could also modify the intramuscular neurovascularisation and account for an alteration of the neuromuscular plasticity of the layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sferra
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - S Pompili
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - A D'Alfonso
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - G Sabetta
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - E Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G Carta
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - C Festuccia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - A Colapietro
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonella Vetuschi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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24
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Rosa A, Piras A, Carta G, Solari P, Crnjar R, Masala C. Evaluation of the attractant effect and lipid profile modulation of natural fixed oils on the medfly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2018; 99:e21508. [PMID: 30302815 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824; Diptera: Tephritidae), is a polyphagous pest in horticulture, mainly targeting Citrus fruits. Natural essential and fixed oils are currently under investigation for their broad-spectrum in pest control. To gain better knowledge about medfly behavior and biochemistry, we examined with behavioral and biochemical assays, the effects on C. capitata from six natural fixed oils obtained from vegetable (five) or animal (one) matrices using the eco-friendly supercritical CO 2 extraction. Oils were obtained at 250/300 bar and 40°C from the seeds of Laurus nobilis and Citrus paradisi, the fruits of Myristica fragrans and Pistacia terebinthus, wheat germ, and mullet roes (marine oil). Behavioral experiments were performed by means of two-choice tests to analyze the oil attractant effect compared with control (water or standard diet). The fatty acid composition of oils and the total lipid and fatty acid profile of medflies were characterized by chromatographic techniques. Behavioral bioassays showed that fixed oil obtained from M. fragrans (nutmeg butter) was more attractive than other oils. Medflies fed (24 hr) on marine oil showed significant changes in the total lipid and fatty acid profile induced by oil ingestion without toxic effects. However, 56% mortality was observed in insects fed on M. fragrans oil and no biochemical changes ascribable to oil ingestion were detected in the medflies that survived. Our results advance knowledge about the behavioral and biochemical response of medflies to fixed oils and will be potentially useful in developing new pest management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Piras
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Solari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Crnjar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carla Masala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Cagliari, Italy
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25
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Franceschini D, De Rose F, Radicioni G, Toska E, Faraci L, Carta G, Scorsetti M. P3.08-02 Oligometastatic Non Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT), a Single Institution Experience. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Pessina F, Navarria P, Clerici E, Carta G, Scorsetti M, Bello L. P05.36 Skull base meningiomas: prognostic factors analysis for recurrence with multimodality treatment. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy139.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Pessina
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - P Navarria
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - E Clerici
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - G Carta
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - L Bello
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
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27
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Pessina F, Navarria P, Conti Nibali M, Riva M, Carta G, Clerici E, Simonelli M, Rudà R, Scorsetti M, Bello L. P01.043 Is surgical resection useful in elderly newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients? Outcome evaluation and prognostic factors assesment. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy139.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Pessina
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - P Navarria
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - M Riva
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - G Carta
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - E Clerici
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - R Rudà
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - L Bello
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
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28
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Pessina F, Navarria P, Carta G, Clerici E, Conti Nibali M, Soffietti R, Rudà R, Scorsetti M, Bello L. P05.30 Intracranial meningiomas: a systematic analysis of prognostic factors for recurrence in a large surgical series. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy139.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Pessina
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - P Navarria
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - G Carta
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - E Clerici
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - R Soffietti
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Le Molinette Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - R Rudà
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Le Molinette Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | | | - L Bello
- Università Statale di Milano, Milano, Italy
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29
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Francolini G, Detti B, Ingrosso G, Desideri I, Becherini C, Carta G, Pezzulla D, Caramia G, Dominici L, Maragna V, Teriaca MA, Bottero M, Livi L. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) on renal cell carcinoma, an overview of technical aspects, biological rationale and current literature. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 131:24-29. [PMID: 30293702 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is characterized by the delivery of high doses of ionizing radiation in few fractions. It is highly effective in achieving local control, and, due to the high biological effective dose administered, it seems to overcome the radioresistance of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Thus, SBRT could constitute a treatment option for the management of localized RCC in patients who are not surgical candidates. In this paper, we report an overview about data from the current evidence about SBRT in patients affected by localized RCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A non-systematic review was performed, including data from both retrospective and prospective studies focusing on the use of SBRT for localized RCC and its biological rationale. Furthermore, ongoing trials on this issue are reported. CONCLUSION Currently, SBRT might be considered a treatment alternative in inoperable patients affected by primary RCC. Currently, dose-escalation to 48 Gy in 3-4 fractions are effective and well tolerated. Emerging role of immune therapies in RCC patients warrant further studies to explore interactions between SBRT and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Francolini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Italy
| | - B Detti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Italy
| | - G Ingrosso
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Molecular Imaging, Interventional Radiology and Radiotherapy, Tor Vergata General Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - I Desideri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Italy
| | - C Becherini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Italy
| | - G Carta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Italy
| | - D Pezzulla
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Italy.
| | - G Caramia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Italy
| | - L Dominici
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Italy
| | - V Maragna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Italy
| | - M A Teriaca
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Italy
| | - M Bottero
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Molecular Imaging, Interventional Radiology and Radiotherapy, Tor Vergata General Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - L Livi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Italy
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30
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Garau M, Carta G, Nieves MJ, Jones IS, Movchan NV, Movchan AB. Interfacial waveforms in chiral lattices with gyroscopic spinners. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2018; 474:20180132. [PMID: 30100810 PMCID: PMC6083240 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2018.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a new method of achieving topologically protected states in an elastic hexagonal system of trusses by attaching gyroscopic spinners, which bring chirality to the system. Dispersive features of this medium are investigated in detail, and it is shown that one can manipulate the locations of stop-bands and Dirac points by tuning the parameters of the spinners. We show that, in the proximity of such points, uni-directional interfacial waveforms can be created in an inhomogeneous lattice and the direction of such waveforms can be controlled. The effect of inserting additional soft internal links into the system, which is thus transformed into a heterogeneous triangular lattice, is also investigated, as the hexagonal lattice represents the limit case of the heterogeneous triangular lattice with soft links. This work introduces a new perspective in the design of periodic media possessing non-trivial topological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Garau
- School of Computing and Mathematics, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
| | - G Carta
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Research Centre, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - M J Nieves
- School of Computing and Mathematics, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.,Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari 09123, Italy
| | - I S Jones
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Research Centre, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - N V Movchan
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZL, UK
| | - A B Movchan
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZL, UK
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31
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Murru E, Carta G, Cordeddu L, Melis MP, Desogus E, Ansar H, Chilliard Y, Ferlay A, Stanton C, Coakley M, Ross RP, Piredda G, Addis M, Mele MC, Cannelli G, Banni S, Manca C. Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid-Enriched Cheeses Influence the Levels of Circulating n-3 Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061730. [PMID: 29891784 PMCID: PMC6032244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) directly and indirectly regulate lipid metabolism, energy balance and the inflammatory response. We investigated changes to the n-3 HUFA score of healthy adults, induced by different types and amounts of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-enriched (ENCH) cheeses consumed for different periods of time, compared to dietary fish oil (FO) pills (500 mg, each containing 100 mg of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids—EPA+DHA) or α-linolenic acid (ALA)-rich linseed oil (4 g, containing 2 g of ALA). A significant increase in the n-3 HUFA score was observed, in a dose-dependent manner, after administration of the FO supplement. In terms of the impact on the n-3 HUFA score, the intake of ENCH cheese (90 g/day) for two or four weeks was equivalent to the administration of one or two FO pills, respectively. Conversely, the linseed oil intake did not significantly impact the n-3 HUFA score. Feeding ENCH cheeses from different sources (bovine, ovine and caprine) for two months improved the n-3 HUFA score by increasing plasma DHA, and the effect was proportional to the CLA content in the cheese. We suggest that the improved n-3 HUFA score resulting from ENCH cheese intake may be attributed to increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) activity. This study demonstrates that natural ENCH cheese is an alternative nutritional source of n-3 HUFA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Murru
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Lina Cordeddu
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Maria Paola Melis
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Erika Desogus
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Hastimansooreh Ansar
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Yves Chilliard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
| | - Anne Ferlay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland.
| | - Mairéad Coakley
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland.
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Giovanni Piredda
- Servizio per la Ricerca nei Prodotti di Origine Animale, AGRIS Sardegna, Loc. Bonassai, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Margherita Addis
- Servizio per la Ricerca nei Prodotti di Origine Animale, AGRIS Sardegna, Loc. Bonassai, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | | | - Giorgio Cannelli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Claudia Manca
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
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32
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Navarria P, Di Brina L, Clerici E, Franzese C, D'Agostino G, Comito T, Carta G, Bertuzzi A, Quagliuolo V, Scorsetti M. EP-1636: Role of preoperative radiotherapy in rare retroperitoneal sarcoma. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)31945-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Frecentese S, Argani LP, Movchan AB, Movchan NV, Carta G, Wall ML. Waves and fluid-solid interaction in stented blood vessels. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2018; 474:20170670. [PMID: 29434515 PMCID: PMC5806025 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2017.0670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper focuses on the modelling of fluid–structure interaction and wave propagation problems in a stented artery. Reflection of waves in blood vessels is well documented in the literature, but it has always been linked to a strong variation in geometry, such as the branching of vessels. The aim of this work is to detect the possibility of wave reflection in a stented artery due to the repetitive pattern of the stents. The investigation of wave propagation and possible blockages under time-harmonic conditions is complemented with numerical simulations in the transient regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Frecentese
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, Liverpool L69 7ZL, UK
| | - L P Argani
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, Liverpool L69 7ZL, UK
| | - A B Movchan
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, Liverpool L69 7ZL, UK
| | - N V Movchan
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, Liverpool L69 7ZL, UK
| | - G Carta
- Department of Maritime and Mechanical Engineering, Liverpool John Moores University, 3 Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - M L Wall
- Russells Hall Hospital, The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Pensnett Road, Dudley DY1 2HQ, UK
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34
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Poddighe L, Carta G, Serra MP, Melis T, Boi M, Lisai S, Murru E, Muredda L, Collu M, Banni S, Quartu M. Acute administration of beta-caryophyllene prevents endocannabinoid system activation during transient common carotid artery occlusion and reperfusion. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:23. [PMID: 29402275 PMCID: PMC5799897 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transient global cerebral hypoperfusion/reperfusion achieved by induction of Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion followed by Reperfusion (BCCAO/R) has been shown to stimulate early molecular changes that can be easily traced in brain tissue and plasma, and that are indicative of the tissue physiological response to the reperfusion-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. The aim of the present study is to probe the possibility to prevent the molecular changes induced by the BCCAO/R with dietary natural compounds known to possess anti-inflammatory activity, such as the phytocannabinoid beta-caryophyllene (BCP). METHODS Two groups of adult Wistar rats were used, sham-operated and submitted to BCCAO/R. In both groups, 6 h before surgery, half of the rats were gavage-fed with a single dose of BCP (40 mg/per rat in 300 μl of sunflower oil as vehicle), while the second half were pre-treated with the vehicle alone. HPLC, Western Blot and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze cerebral cortex and plasma. RESULTS After BCCAO/R, BCP prevented the increase of lipoperoxides occurring in the vehicle-treated rats in both cerebral cortex and plasma. In the frontal cortex, BCP further prevented activation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), spared the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), appeared to prevent the increase of cyclooxygenase-2 and increased the peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) protein levels, while, in plasma, BCP induced the reduction of arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) levels as compared to vehicle-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the pre-treatment with BCP, likely acting as agonist for CB2 and PPAR-alpha receptors, modulates in a beneficial way the ECS activation and the lipoperoxidation, taken as indicative of oxidative stress. Furthermore, our results support the evidence that BCP may be used as a dietary supplement to control the physiological response to the hypoperfusion/reperfusion-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Poddighe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, (CA) 09042 Italy
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, (CA) 09042 Italy
| | - Maria Pina Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, (CA) 09042 Italy
| | - Tiziana Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, (CA) 09042 Italy
| | - Marianna Boi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, (CA) 09042 Italy
| | - Sara Lisai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, (CA) 09042 Italy
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, (CA) 09042 Italy
| | - Laura Muredda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, (CA) 09042 Italy
| | - Maria Collu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, (CA) 09042 Italy
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, (CA) 09042 Italy
| | - Marina Quartu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, (CA) 09042 Italy
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35
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Boero G, Pisu MG, Biggio F, Muredda L, Carta G, Banni S, Paci E, Follesa P, Concas A, Porcu P, Serra M. Impaired glucocorticoid-mediated HPA axis negative feedback induced by juvenile social isolation in male rats. Neuropharmacology 2018; 133:242-253. [PMID: 29407214 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that socially isolated rats at weaning showed a significant decrease in corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels, associated with an enhanced response to acute stressful stimuli. Here we shown that social isolation decreased levels of total corticosterone and of its carrier corticosteroid-binding globulin, but did not influence the availability of the free active fraction of corticosterone, both under basal conditions and after acute stress exposure. Under basal conditions, social isolation increased the abundance of glucocorticoid receptors, while it decreased that of mineralocorticoid receptors. After acute stress exposure, socially isolated rats showed long-lasting corticosterone, ACTH and corticotrophin releasing hormone responses. Moreover, while in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of group-housed rats glucocorticoid receptors expression increased with time and reached a peak when corticosterone levels returned to basal values, in socially isolated rats expression of glucocorticoid receptors did not change. Finally, social isolation also affected the hypothalamic endocannabinoid system: compared to group-housed rats, basal levels of anandamide and cannabinoid receptor type 1 were increased, while basal levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol were decreased in socially isolated rats and did not change after acute stress exposure. The present results show that social isolation in male rats alters basal HPA axis activity and impairs glucocorticoid-mediated negative feedback after acute stress. Given that social isolation is considered an animal model of several neuropsychiatric disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and schizophrenia, these data could contribute to better understand the alterations in HPA axis activity observed in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Boero
- Department of Life and Environment Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | | | - Francesca Biggio
- Department of Life and Environment Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Muredda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elena Paci
- Department of Life and Environment Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Follesa
- Department of Life and Environment Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Center of Excellence for Neurobiology of Dependence, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Concas
- Department of Life and Environment Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Center of Excellence for Neurobiology of Dependence, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Porcu
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mariangela Serra
- Department of Life and Environment Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Center of Excellence for Neurobiology of Dependence, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Carta G, Poddighe L, Serra MP, Boi M, Melis T, Lisai S, Murru E, Muredda L, Collu M, Banni S, Quartu M. Preventive Effects of Resveratrol on Endocannabinoid System and Synaptic Protein Modifications in Rat Cerebral Cortex Challenged by Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion and Reperfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020426. [PMID: 29385102 PMCID: PMC5855648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the putative roles of a single acute dose of resveratrol (RVT) in preventing cerebral oxidative stress induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion, followed by reperfusion (BCCAO/R) and to investigate RVT’s ability to preserve the neuronal structural integrity. Frontal and temporal-occipital cortices were examined in two groups of adult Wistar rats, sham-operated and submitted to BCCAO/R. In both groups, 6 h before surgery, half the rats were gavage-fed with a single dose of RVT (40 mg/per rat in 300 µL of sunflower oil as the vehicle), while the second half received the vehicle alone. In the frontal cortex, RVT pre-treatment prevented the BCCAO/R-induced increase of lipoperoxides, augmented concentrations of palmitoylethanolamide and docosahexaenoic acid, increased relative levels of the cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2), and peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor (PPAR)-α proteins. Increased expression of CB1/CB2 receptors mirrored that of synaptophysin and post-synaptic density-95 protein. No BCCAO/R-induced changes occurred in the temporal-occipital cortex. Collectively, our results demonstrate that, in the frontal cortex, RVT pre-treatment prevents the BCCAO/R-induced oxidative stress and modulates the endocannabinoid and PPAR-α systems. The increased expression of synaptic structural proteins further suggests the possible efficacy of RVT as a dietary supplement to preserve the nervous tissue metabolism and control the physiological response to the hypoperfusion/reperfusion challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Pina Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Marianna Boi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Sara Lisai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Laura Muredda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Maria Collu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Marina Quartu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
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Melis M, Carta G, Pintus S, Pintus P, Piras CA, Murru E, Manca C, Di Marzo V, Banni S, Tomassini Barbarossa I. Polymorphism rs1761667 in the CD36 Gene Is Associated to Changes in Fatty Acid Metabolism and Circulating Endocannabinoid Levels Distinctively in Normal Weight and Obese Subjects. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1006. [PMID: 29270130 PMCID: PMC5724198 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional CD36 scavenger receptor facilitates fatty acid (FA) uptake and oxidation and it has been involved in the pathophysiology related to dysfunctional FA metabolism. The common variant in the CD36 gene, rs1761667 (A/G), whose allele A is characterized by a reduced protein expression, has been associated with taste sensitivity to and preference for fat. We therefore aimed at evaluating whether the CD36 polymorphism may influence fatty acid metabolism and endocannabinoid biosynthesis in normal weight (NW) and obese (OB) subjects. Red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid composition, and plasma endocannabinoid levels were determined. In NW subjects with AA genotype was found a marked reduction of RBC saturated fatty acids and palmitic/linoleic ratio (PA/LA), considered as de novo lipogenesis (DNL) biomarkers. Remarkably, to the reduction of DNL biomarkers corresponded an increase of omega-6 index, an indirect marker of the impact on fatty acid metabolism of dietary omega-6 fatty acids, endocannabinoid levels and a higher waist/hip ratio. The presence of the G allele was instead associated with increased endocannabinoid plasma levels and a trend for increased waist/hip ratio in obese subjects, even though exhibited decreased BMI with respect to those with AA genotype. These data indicate that the CD36 polymorphism, rs1761667, leads to a distinct metabolic pattern in NW and in OB subjects. Therefore, their determination may be crucial in developing personalized therapeutic strategies for ameliorating dyslipidemia and other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Stefano Pintus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Metabolic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera G. Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Pintus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Metabolic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera G. Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carla A Piras
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Metabolic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera G. Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Claudia Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
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Abstract
Palmitic acid (PA) has been for long time negatively depicted for its putative detrimental health effects, shadowing its multiple crucial physiological activities. PA is the most common saturated fatty acid accounting for 20–30% of total fatty acids in the human body and can be provided in the diet or synthesized endogenously via de novo lipogenesis (DNL). PA tissue content seems to be controlled around a well-defined concentration, and changes in its intake do not influence significantly its tissue concentration because the exogenous source is counterbalanced by PA endogenous biosynthesis. Particular physiopathological conditions and nutritional factors may strongly induce DNL, resulting in increased tissue content of PA and disrupted homeostatic control of its tissue concentration. The tight homeostatic control of PA tissue concentration is likely related to its fundamental physiological role to guarantee membrane physical properties but also to consent protein palmitoylation, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) biosynthesis, and in the lung an efficient surfactant activity. In order to maintain membrane phospholipids (PL) balance may be crucial an optimal intake of PA in a certain ratio with unsaturated fatty acids, especially PUFAs of both n-6 and n-3 families. However, in presence of other factors such as positive energy balance, excessive intake of carbohydrates (in particular mono and disaccharides), and a sedentary lifestyle, the mechanisms to maintain a steady state of PA concentration may be disrupted leading to an over accumulation of tissue PA resulting in dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, increased ectopic fat accumulation and increased inflammatory tone via toll-like receptor 4. It is therefore likely that the controversial data on the association of dietary PA with detrimental health effects, may be related to an excessive imbalance of dietary PA/PUFA ratio which, in certain physiopathological conditions, and in presence of an enhanced DNL, may further accelerate these deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranca Carta
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università degli studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università degli studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università degli studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudia Manca
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università degli studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Saba F, Sirigu A, Pillai R, Caria P, Cordeddu L, Carta G, Murru E, Sogos V, Banni S. Downregulation of inflammatory markers by conjugated linoleic acid isomers in human cultured astrocytes. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:207-214. [PMID: 28847225 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1367130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory activity in the central nervous system. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether modulation of the fatty acid profile by the CLA isomers c9,t11 or t10,c12CLA was associated with changes in the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules in human astrocytes. METHODS Cultured astrocytes were treated for 6 days with 100 µM fatty acids (c9,t11CLA or t10,c12CLA or oleic acid). Following the treatment, the fatty acid profile of the cell and pro-inflammatory molecule expression were assessed. RESULTS Only the t10,c12CLA isomer induced a significant decrease in arachidonic acid and increased the ratio of docosahexaenoic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid, which constitutes indirect evidence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha activation. Inhibition of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and RANTES expression was observed in astrocytes treated with c9,t11CLA and t10,c12CLA. DISCUSSION Current data demonstrate that CLA isomers, particularly t10,c12, may affect neuroinflammation by reducing the pro-inflammatory molecules in cultured astrocytes, suggesting a potential nutritional role of CLA isomers in modulating the astrocyte inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Saba
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Annarita Sirigu
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Rita Pillai
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Paola Caria
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Lina Cordeddu
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Valeria Sogos
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
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Carta G, Jones IS, Movchan NV, Movchan AB, Nieves MJ. Gyro-elastic beams for the vibration reduction of long flexural systems. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2017; 473:20170136. [PMID: 28804257 PMCID: PMC5549565 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2017.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper presents a model of a chiral multi-structure incorporating gyro-elastic beams. Floquet-Bloch waves in periodic chiral systems are investigated in detail, with the emphasis on localization and the formation of standing waves. It is found that gyricity leads to low-frequency standing modes and generation of stop-bands. A design of an earthquake protection system is offered here, as an interesting application of vibration isolation. Theoretical results are accompanied by numerical simulations in the time-harmonic regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carta
- Liverpool John Moores University, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Research Centre, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - I S Jones
- Liverpool John Moores University, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Research Centre, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - N V Movchan
- University of Liverpool, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Liverpool, L69 7ZL, UK
| | - A B Movchan
- University of Liverpool, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Liverpool, L69 7ZL, UK
| | - M J Nieves
- Liverpool John Moores University, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Research Centre, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
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Carta G, Melis M, Pintus S, Pintus P, Piras CA, Muredda L, Demurtas D, Di Marzo V, Banni S, Barbarossa IT. Participants with Normal Weight or with Obesity Show Different Relationships of 6-n-Propylthiouracil (PROP) Taster Status with BMI and Plasma Endocannabinoids. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1361. [PMID: 28465539 PMCID: PMC5431007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced taste sensitivity to 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP), a genetic trait regarded as a general index for oral chemosensory perception, has been associated with a calorie-rich food preference and lower circulating endocannabinoid levels in participants with normal weight (NW), which suggests an adaptive mechanism to maintain a lean phenotype. In this study, we assessed whether participants with obesity (OB) show different patterns of plasma endocannabinoids and lipid metabolism biomarkers from those of NW, with further categorization based on their PROP sensitivity. NW and OB were classified by their PROP taster status as non-tasters (NT), medium-tasters (MT) and supertasters (ST). The blood samples were analysed for plasma endocannabinoids, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and retinol, which have been associated to metabolic syndrome. In OB, we found a higher BMI and lower circulating endocannabinoids in ST vs. OB NT. However, OB ST showed lower circulating NEFA and retinol levels, which suggested a more favourable lipid metabolism and body fat distribution than those of OB NT. We confirmed lower plasma endocannabinoid levels in NW NT than in NW ST. These data suggest that PROP taste sensitivity determines metabolic changes and ultimately body mass composition differently in OB and NW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Melania Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Stefano Pintus
- Center for Metabolic Diseases, Internal Medicine Department-A.O., Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Pintus
- Center for Metabolic Diseases, Internal Medicine Department-A.O., Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carla A Piras
- Center for Metabolic Diseases, Internal Medicine Department-A.O., Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Muredda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Daniela Demurtas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Iole Tomassini Barbarossa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
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Livi L, Saieva C, Desideri I, Scotti V, De Luca Cardillo C, Carta G, Cecchini S, Orzalesi L, Sanchez LJ, Casella D, Bernini M, Nori J, Bianchi S, De Feo ML, Meattini I. Abstract P2-09-12: A single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase II study to evaluate the impact of oral ibandronate on bone mineral density in osteopenic breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant aromatase inhibitors: Final results of the single-center BONADIUV trial. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p2-09-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background. Several randomized trials demonstrated aromatase inhibitors (AI) superiority in terms of disease-free survival compared to tamoxifen treatment for postmenopausal hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (BC) patients. Anyway AI toxicity profile due to estrogen suppression is a concern. Pivotal trials demonstrated a significant bone mineral density (BMD) loss due to AI, with a consistent risk of fractures, thus impacting on patients' quality of life.
Bisphosphonates represent an effective treatment in postmenopausal osteoporosis fractures prevention. Several studies demonstrated that upfront bisphosphonates therapy prevents bone loss in postmenopausal women receiving adjuvant AI for early-stage BC. However an adequate patients selection for adjuvant bisphosphonates treatment during AI endocrine therapy is still a challenge.
We present the final results of the BONADIUV trial, a single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 study designed to evaluate the impact of ibandronate treatment on BMD in osteopenic women taking AI.
Methods. Between January 2011 and May 2014, 561 patients underwent a baseline BMD assessment before starting AI as planned adjuvant treatment. Overall 171 osteopenic patients (lumbar spine [LS] and/or trochanter -1< T-score <-2.5), were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either placebo or oral monthly ibandronate (150 mg). All patients receive oral supplementation of calcium and vitamin D3. Study duration was 2 years. Exclusion criteria were: premenopausal status at time of randomization; comorbidities with increased risk of osteoporosis; body mass index <18; chronic use of steroids; previous use of bisphosphonates; psychiatric disorders. Primary endpoint was the mean BMD difference between the two arms at a 2-year follow up. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02616744. A total of 72 patients per arm of treatment were needed to obtain an 85% statistical power in order to detect a 2% BMD mean difference between the two arms. Considering a 10% dropout, at least 158 patients were required.
Results. A total of 171 patients were randomized in the study. Overall 27 patients (15.8%) withdrew the protocol (17 ibandronate vs 10 placebo arm): the final analysis was performed on 144 patients (72 patients per arm). P-value from Wilcoxon test showed no significant difference between arms at baseline both for LS (p=0.94) and trochanter (p=0.83).
At 2-year, osteopenic patients treated with ibandronate gained +18.7% and +15.5% at the LS and trochanter BMD, respectively. Patients treated with placebo lost -13.3% at the LS, and gained +2.9% at the trochanter.
Trochanter p-value from covariance analysis showed a mean BMD change significantly in favor of ibandronate arm at 1-year (p=0.012), and borderline at 2-year (p=0.087). Concerning LS, the mean BMD change was significantly in favor of ibandronate arm both at 1-year (p=0.002) and 2-year (p<0.0001).
Conclusions. Final results of our study showed that treatment with ibandronate, as compared to placebo, improved BMD change in osteopenic women treated with adjuvant AI, and consistently protected patients' bone loss.
Citation Format: Livi L, Saieva C, Desideri I, Scotti V, De Luca Cardillo C, Carta G, Cecchini S, Orzalesi L, Sanchez LJ, Casella D, Bernini M, Nori J, Bianchi S, De Feo ML, Meattini I. A single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase II study to evaluate the impact of oral ibandronate on bone mineral density in osteopenic breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant aromatase inhibitors: Final results of the single-center BONADIUV trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-09-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Livi
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi - University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Cancer Risk Factor Branch, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy; Onco-Hematology Unit - Policlinico San Marco-IOB, Zingonia, Bergamo, Italy; UOSD Diabetologia Endocrinologia - Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Empoli, Italy
| | - C Saieva
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi - University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Cancer Risk Factor Branch, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy; Onco-Hematology Unit - Policlinico San Marco-IOB, Zingonia, Bergamo, Italy; UOSD Diabetologia Endocrinologia - Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Empoli, Italy
| | - I Desideri
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi - University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Cancer Risk Factor Branch, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy; Onco-Hematology Unit - Policlinico San Marco-IOB, Zingonia, Bergamo, Italy; UOSD Diabetologia Endocrinologia - Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Empoli, Italy
| | - V Scotti
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi - University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Cancer Risk Factor Branch, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy; Onco-Hematology Unit - Policlinico San Marco-IOB, Zingonia, Bergamo, Italy; UOSD Diabetologia Endocrinologia - Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Empoli, Italy
| | - C De Luca Cardillo
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi - University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Cancer Risk Factor Branch, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy; Onco-Hematology Unit - Policlinico San Marco-IOB, Zingonia, Bergamo, Italy; UOSD Diabetologia Endocrinologia - Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Empoli, Italy
| | - G Carta
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi - University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Cancer Risk Factor Branch, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy; Onco-Hematology Unit - Policlinico San Marco-IOB, Zingonia, Bergamo, Italy; UOSD Diabetologia Endocrinologia - Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Empoli, Italy
| | - S Cecchini
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi - University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Cancer Risk Factor Branch, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy; Onco-Hematology Unit - Policlinico San Marco-IOB, Zingonia, Bergamo, Italy; UOSD Diabetologia Endocrinologia - Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Empoli, Italy
| | - L Orzalesi
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi - University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Cancer Risk Factor Branch, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy; Onco-Hematology Unit - Policlinico San Marco-IOB, Zingonia, Bergamo, Italy; UOSD Diabetologia Endocrinologia - Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Empoli, Italy
| | - LJ Sanchez
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi - University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Cancer Risk Factor Branch, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy; Onco-Hematology Unit - Policlinico San Marco-IOB, Zingonia, Bergamo, Italy; UOSD Diabetologia Endocrinologia - Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Empoli, Italy
| | - D Casella
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi - University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Cancer Risk Factor Branch, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy; Onco-Hematology Unit - Policlinico San Marco-IOB, Zingonia, Bergamo, Italy; UOSD Diabetologia Endocrinologia - Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Empoli, Italy
| | - M Bernini
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi - University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Cancer Risk Factor Branch, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy; Onco-Hematology Unit - Policlinico San Marco-IOB, Zingonia, Bergamo, Italy; UOSD Diabetologia Endocrinologia - Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Empoli, Italy
| | - J Nori
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi - University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Cancer Risk Factor Branch, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy; Onco-Hematology Unit - Policlinico San Marco-IOB, Zingonia, Bergamo, Italy; UOSD Diabetologia Endocrinologia - Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Empoli, Italy
| | - S Bianchi
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi - University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Cancer Risk Factor Branch, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy; Onco-Hematology Unit - Policlinico San Marco-IOB, Zingonia, Bergamo, Italy; UOSD Diabetologia Endocrinologia - Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Empoli, Italy
| | - ML De Feo
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi - University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Cancer Risk Factor Branch, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy; Onco-Hematology Unit - Policlinico San Marco-IOB, Zingonia, Bergamo, Italy; UOSD Diabetologia Endocrinologia - Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Empoli, Italy
| | - I Meattini
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi - University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Cancer Risk Factor Branch, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy; Onco-Hematology Unit - Policlinico San Marco-IOB, Zingonia, Bergamo, Italy; UOSD Diabetologia Endocrinologia - Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Empoli, Italy
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Carta G, Jones IS, Movchan NV, Movchan AB, Nieves MJ. "Deflecting elastic prism" and unidirectional localisation for waves in chiral elastic systems. Sci Rep 2017; 7:26. [PMID: 28154420 PMCID: PMC5428365 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, a design of a “deflecting elastic prism” is proposed and implemented for waves in a chiral medium. A novel model of an elastic lattice connected to a non-uniform system of gyroscopic spinners is designed to create a unidirectional wave pattern, which can be diverted by modifying the arrangement of the spinners within the medium. This important feature of the gyro-system is exploited to send a wave from a point of the lattice to any other point in the lattice plane, in such a way that the wave amplitude is not significantly reduced along the path. We envisage that the proposed model could be very useful in physical and engineering applications related to directional control of elastic waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carta
- Liverpool John Moores University, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Research Centre, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
| | - I S Jones
- Liverpool John Moores University, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Research Centre, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - N V Movchan
- University of Liverpool, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Liverpool, L69 7ZL, UK
| | - A B Movchan
- University of Liverpool, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Liverpool, L69 7ZL, UK
| | - M J Nieves
- Liverpool John Moores University, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Research Centre, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
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Quartu M, Poddighe L, Melis T, Serra MP, Boi M, Lisai S, Carta G, Murru E, Muredda L, Collu M, Banni S. Involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the physiological response to transient common carotid artery occlusion and reperfusion. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:14. [PMID: 28103941 PMCID: PMC5248520 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0389-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The transient global cerebral hypoperfusion/reperfusion achieved by induction of Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion followed by Reperfusion (BCCAO/R) may trigger a physiological response in an attempt to preserve tissue and function integrity. There are several candidate molecules among which the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and/or peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) may play a role in modulating oxidative stress and inflammation. The aims of the present study are to evaluate whether the ECS, the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and PPAR-alpha are involved during BCCAO/R in rat brain, and to identify possible markers of the ongoing BCCAO/R-induced challenge in plasma. Methods Adult Wistar rats underwent BCCAO/R with 30 min hypoperfusion followed by 60 min reperfusion. The frontal and temporal-occipital cortices and plasma were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) to determine concentrations of endocannabinoids (eCBs) and related molecules behaving as ligands of PPAR-alpha, and of oxidative-stress markers such as lipoperoxides, while Western Blot and immunohistochemistry were used to study protein expression of cannabinoid receptors, COX-2 and PPAR-alpha. Unpaired Student’s t-test was used to evaluate statistical differences between groups. Results The acute BCCAO/R procedure is followed by increased brain tissue levels of the eCBs 2-arachidonoylglycerol and anandamide, palmitoylethanolamide, an avid ligand of PPAR-alpha, lipoperoxides, type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2) cannabinoid receptors, and COX-2, and decreased brain tissue concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), one of the major targets of lipid peroxidation. In plasma, increased levels of anandamide and lipoperoxides were observed. Conclusions The BCCAO/R stimulated early molecular changes that can be easily traced in brain tissue and plasma, and that are indicative of the tissue physiological response to the reperfusion-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. The observed variations suggest that the positive modulation of the ECS and the increase of proinflammatory substances are directly correlated events. Increase of plasmatic levels of anandamide and lipoperoxides further suggests that dysregulation of these molecules may be taken as an indicator of an ongoing hypoperfusion/reperfusion challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Quartu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Laura Poddighe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Tiziana Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Marianna Boi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Sara Lisai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Laura Muredda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Maria Collu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
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Carta G, D'Alfonso A, Franchi V, Catana P, Necozione S, Patacchiola F. Analgesia: effects on the first and second stages of labor. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2016. [DOI: 10.12891/ceog3138.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Limonciel A, Carta G, Ringer T, Van Breda S, Kleinjans J, Jennings P. Differential effects of consecutive chemical exposure-recovery periods on the physiology and defence mechanisms of renal proximal tubule cells. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Scotti V, Bruni A, Simontacchi G, Furfaro I, Loi M, Scartoni D, Gonfiotti A, Viggiano D, De Luca Cardillo C, Agresti B, Poggesi L, Olmetto E, Ferrari K, Perna M, Bastiani P, Paoletti L, Lastrucci L, Pernici P, Carta G, Borghesi S, Bertocci S, Giacobazzi P, Voltolini L, Livi L. PO-0695: Lobectomy vs Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy in NSCLC:a multicentric series in four centers. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)31945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Talani G, Licheri V, Biggio F, Locci V, Mostallino MC, Secci PP, Melis V, Dazzi L, Carta G, Banni S, Biggio G, Sanna E. Enhanced Glutamatergic Synaptic Plasticity in the Hippocampal CA1 Field of Food-Restricted Rats: Involvement of CB1 Receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:1308-18. [PMID: 26354043 PMCID: PMC4793114 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The endogenous endocannabinoid system has a crucial role in regulating appetite and feeding behavior in mammals, as well as working memory and reward mechanisms. In order to elucidate the possible role of cannabinoid type-1 receptors (CB1Rs) in the regulation of hippocampal plasticity in animals exposed to food restriction (FR), we limited the availability of food to a 2-h daily period for 3 weeks in Sprague-Dawley rats. FR rats showed a higher long-term potentiation at hippocampal CA1 excitatory synapses with a parallel increase in glutamate release when compared with animals fed ad libitum. FR rats showed a significant increase in the long-term spatial memory determined by Barnes maze. FR was also associated with a decreased inhibitory effect of the CB1R agonist win55,212-2 on glutamatergic field excitatory postsynaptic potentials, together with a decrease in hippocampal CB1R protein expression. In addition, hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein levels and mushroom dendritic spine density were significantly enhanced in FR rats. Altogether, our data suggest that alterations of hippocampal CB1R expression and function in FR rats are associated with dendritic spine remodeling and functional potentiation of CA1 excitatory synapses, and these findings are consistent with increasing evidence supporting the idea that FR may improve cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Talani
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy,Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 km 4,500, Monserrato, Cagliari 09124, Italy, Tel: +39 070 675 4200, Fax: +39 070 675 4166, E-mail:
| | - Valentina Licheri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Francesca Biggio
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Valentina Locci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mostallino
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Pietro Paolo Secci
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Valentina Melis
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Laura Dazzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Biggio
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy,Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Enrico Sanna
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy,Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
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Vetuschi A, D'Alfonso A, Sferra R, Zanelli D, Pompili S, Patacchiola F, Gaudio E, Carta G. Changes in muscularis propria of anterior vaginal wall in women with pelvic organ prolapse. Eur J Histochem 2016; 60:2604. [PMID: 26972719 PMCID: PMC4800255 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2016.2604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological and immunohistochemical alterations of tissue removed from the upper third of anterior vaginal wall in a sample group of the female population presenting homogenous risk factors associated with pelvic organ prolapse (POP). The case study consisted of 14 patients with POP and there were 10 patients in the control group. Patient selection was carried on the basis of specific criteria and all of the patients involved in the study presented one or more of the recognized POP risk factors. Samples were taken from POP patients during vaginal plastic surgery following colpohysterectomy, and from control patients during closure of the posterior fornix following hysterectomy. Samples were processed for histological and immunohistochemical analyses for Collagen I and Collagen III, α-Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA), Platelet-Derived-Growth-Factor (PDGF), matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3), tissue inhibitors metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1), Caspase3. Immunofluorescence analyses for Collagen I and III and PDGF were also carried out. In prolapsed specimens our results show a disorganization of smooth muscle cells that appeared to have been displaced by an increased collagen III deposition resulting in rearrangement of the muscularis propria architecture. These findings suggest that the increase in the expression of collagen fibers in muscularis could probably be due to a phenotypic switch resulting in the dedifferentiation of smooth muscle cells into myofibroblasts. These alterations could be responsible for the compromising of the dynamic functionality of the pelvic floor.
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Carta G, D'Alfonso A, Franchi V, Catana P, Necozione S, Patacchiola F. Analgesia: effects on the first and second stages of labor. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2016; 43:718-722. [PMID: 30074325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This controlled observational study aimed at evaluating the effects of epidural analgesia on the first and second stages of delivery in nulliparous women, referred to the birth centers of the Sant'Omero "Val Vibrata" Hospital and the "San Salvatore" Hospital in L'Aquila, selected in accordance with specific inclusion criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between May Ws, 2012 and April 3 1s, 2013, 363 patients were enrolled at the birth centres of the "Val Vibrata" Hospital in Sant'Omero (TE) and of the "San Salvatore" Hospital in L'Aquila. 139 patients received epidural analgesia during labor at the "Val Vibrata" Hospital; 224 patients constituted the control group and went through natural delivery without analgesia at the "Val Vibrata" and "San Salvatore" hospitals. RESULTS Dilation time was different in the two groups: in the group with analgesia, the median was 2.30 and 3.35 in the control group. The median expulsion time was 2.05 in the analgesia group and 0.40 in the control group. DISCUSSION The statistical analysis of the study has highlighted the fact the analgesia influences the dilation and expulsion time of labor, confirming on the one hand the clinical evidence, and on the other, adding important results that have not been analyzed by other scientific studies. The results have shown that in nulliparous women, with spontaneous onset of labor, analgesia causes a major reduction in the dilation time of the cervical canal with respect to the control group.
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