1
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Martins Balbinot K, Almeida Loureiro FJ, Chemelo GP, Alves Mesquita R, Cruz Ramos AMP, Ramos RTJ, da Costa da Silva AL, de Menezes SAF, da Silva Kataoka MS, Alves Junior SDM, Viana Pinheiro JDJ. Immunoexpression of stem cell markers SOX-2, NANOG AND OCT4 in ameloblastoma. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14349. [PMID: 36655039 PMCID: PMC9841912 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ameloblastoma (AME) is characterized by a locally invasive growth pattern. In an attempt to justify the aggressiveness of neoplasms, the investigation of the role of stem cells has gained prominence. The SOX-2, NANOG and OCT4 proteins are important stem cell biomarkers. Methodology To verify the expression of these proteins in tissue samples of AME, dentigerous cyst (DC) and dental follicle (DF), immunohistochemistry was performed and indirect immunofluorescence were performed on the human AME (AME-hTERT) cell line. Results Revealed expression of SOX-2, NANOG and OCT4 in the tissue samples and AME-hTERT lineage. Greater immunostaining of the studied proteins was observed in AME compared to DC and DF (p < 0.001). Conclusions The presence of biomarkers indicates a probable role of stem cells in the genesis and progression of AME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolyny Martins Balbinot
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy and Immunohistochemistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Alves Mesquita
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sergio de Melo Alves Junior
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy and Immunohistochemistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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2
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Peraldi P, Loubat A, Chignon-Sicard B, Dani C, Ladoux A. Identification of Human Breast Adipose Tissue Progenitors Displaying Distinct Differentiation Potentials and Interactions with Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081928. [PMID: 36009475 PMCID: PMC9406003 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast adipose tissue (AT) participates in the physiological evolution and remodeling of the mammary gland due to its high plasticity. It is also a favorable microenvironment for breast cancer progression. However, information on the properties of human breast adipose progenitor cells (APCs) involved in breast physiology or pathology is scant. We performed differential enzymatic dissociation of human breast AT lobules. We isolated and characterized two populations of APCs. Here we report that these distinct breast APC populations selectively expressed markers suitable for characterization. The population preferentially expressing ALPL (MSCA1) showed higher adipogenic potential. The population expressing higher levels of INHBA and CD142 acquired myofibroblast characteristics upon TGF-β treatment and a myo-cancer-associated fibroblast profile in the presence of breast cancer cells. This population expressed the immune checkpoint CD274 (PD-L1) and facilitated the expansion of breast cancer mammospheres compared with the adipogenic population. Indeed, the breast, as with other fat depots, contains distinct types of APCs with differences in their ability to specialize. This indicates that they were differentially involved in breast remodeling. Their interactions with breast cancer cells revealed differences in the potential for tumor dissemination and estrogen receptor expression, and these differences might be relevant to improve therapies targeting the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Peraldi
- CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Université Côte d’Azur, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Agnès Loubat
- CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Université Côte d’Azur, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Bérengère Chignon-Sicard
- CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Université Côte d’Azur, 06107 Nice, France
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Pasteur 2 Hospital, Université Côte d’Azur, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Christian Dani
- CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Université Côte d’Azur, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Annie Ladoux
- CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Université Côte d’Azur, 06107 Nice, France
- CNRS, Institute of Biology Valrose (iBV), University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, CEDEX 2, 06107 Nice, France
- Correspondence:
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Scarola M, Comisso E, Rosso M, Del Sal G, Schneider C, Schoeftner S, Benetti R. FUS-dependent loading of SUV39H1 to OCT4 pseudogene-lncRNA programs a silencing complex with OCT4 promoter specificity. Commun Biol 2020; 3:632. [PMID: 33128015 PMCID: PMC7603346 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The resurrection of pseudogenes during evolution produced lncRNAs with new biological function. Here we show that pseudogene-evolution created an Oct4 pseudogene lncRNA that is able to direct epigenetic silencing of the parental Oct4 gene via a 2-step, lncRNA dependent mechanism. The murine Oct4 pseudogene 4 (mOct4P4) lncRNA recruits the RNA binding protein FUS to allow the binding of the SUV39H1 HMTase to a defined mOct4P4 lncRNA sequence element. The mOct4P4-FUS-SUV39H1 silencing complex holds target site specificity for the parental Oct4 promoter and interference with individual components results in loss of Oct4 silencing. SUV39H1 and FUS do not bind parental Oct4 mRNA, confirming the acquisition of a new biological function by the mOct4P4 lncRNA. Importantly, all features of mOct4P4 function are recapitulated by the human hOCT4P3 pseudogene lncRNA, indicating evolutionary conservation. Our data highlight the biological relevance of rapidly evolving lncRNAs that infiltrate into central epigenetic regulatory circuits in vertebrate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Scarola
- Laboratorio Nazionale-Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, Laboratorio Nazionale (LNCIB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Area Medica (DAME), Università degli Studi di Udine, p.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Elisa Comisso
- Laboratorio Nazionale-Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, Laboratorio Nazionale (LNCIB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Area Medica (DAME), Università degli Studi di Udine, p.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Massimo Rosso
- Laboratorio Nazionale-Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, Laboratorio Nazionale (LNCIB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Science della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via E. Weiss 2, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- Laboratorio Nazionale-Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, Laboratorio Nazionale (LNCIB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Science della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via E. Weiss 2, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Schneider
- Laboratorio Nazionale-Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, Laboratorio Nazionale (LNCIB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Area Medica (DAME), Università degli Studi di Udine, p.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Stefan Schoeftner
- Laboratorio Nazionale-Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, Laboratorio Nazionale (LNCIB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Science della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via E. Weiss 2, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Roberta Benetti
- Laboratorio Nazionale-Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, Laboratorio Nazionale (LNCIB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Area Medica (DAME), Università degli Studi di Udine, p.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
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4
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Paré M, Darini CY, Yao X, Chignon-Sicard B, Rekima S, Lachambre S, Virolle V, Aguilar-Mahecha A, Basik M, Dani C, Ladoux A. Breast cancer mammospheres secrete Adrenomedullin to induce lipolysis and browning of adjacent adipocytes. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:784. [PMID: 32819314 PMCID: PMC7441622 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer cells cooperate with cells that compose their environment to promote tumor growth and invasion. Among them, adipocytes provide lipids used as a source of energy by cancer cells and adipokines that contribute to tumor expansion. Mechanisms supporting the dynamic interactions between cancer cells and stromal adipocytes, however, remain unclear. Methods We set-up a co-culture model with breast cancer cells grown in 3D as mammospheres and human adipocytes to accurately recapitulate intrinsic features of tumors, such as hypoxia and cancer cell–adipocytes interactions. Results Herein, we observed that the lipid droplets’ size was reduced in adipocytes adjacent to the mammospheres, mimicking adipocyte morphology on histological sections. We showed that the uncoupling protein UCP1 was expressed in adipocytes close to tumor cells on breast cancer histological sections as well as in adipocytes in contact with the mammospheres. Mammospheres produced adrenomedullin (ADM), a multifactorial hypoxia-inducible peptide while ADM receptors were detected in adipocytes. Stimulation of adipocytes with ADM promoted UCP1 expression and increased HSL phosphorylation, which activated lipolysis. Invalidation of ADM in breast cancer cells dramatically reduced UCP1 expression in adipocytes. Conclusions Breast tumor cells secreted ADM that modified cancer–associated adipocytes through paracrine signaling, leading to metabolic changes and delipidation. Hence, ADM appears to be crucial in controlling the interactions between cancer cells and adipocytes and represents an excellent target to hinder them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Paré
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Cédric Y Darini
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Xi Yao
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Bérengère Chignon-Sicard
- Université Côte d'Azur, Pasteur 2 Hospital, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nice, France
| | - Samah Rekima
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Adriana Aguilar-Mahecha
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mark Basik
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Annie Ladoux
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Nice, France.
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5
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The effect of Candida cell wall beta-glucan on treatment-resistant LL/2 cancer cell line: in vitro evaluation. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3653-3661. [PMID: 32323263 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) cell wall beta-glucan has been considered as a potential agent in the treatment of cancers due to its anti-tumor properties. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the anti-cancer effects of Candida cell wall beta-glucan on Lewis lung carcinoma cell line (LL/2) cells. Beta-glucan of C. albicans cell wall was extracted. LL/2 cell line was cultured, then sphere cells and parental cells were exposed to the different concentrations of beta-glucan extracted from C. albicans (10-6000 μg/ml), for 24, 48 and 72 h. Cytotoxicity of beta-glucan was assayed by MTT test, then RNA extracted from cells population (treated and untreated cells), cDNA synthetized and expression level of Sox2, Oct4, C-myc, Nanog genes were also investigated using Real-time methods. At optimal concentrations of 800 and 1000 μg/ml, the extracted beta-glucan showed a significant cytotoxic effect on both parental and sphere cell populations (p < 0.05). Real-time PCR analysis revealed a decreased expression of Oct4 and Sox2 genes in treatment of cells with beta-glucan compared with control group. Since the extracted beta-glucan showed an inhibitory effect on the expression of Oct4 and Sox2 genes involved in LL/2 metastasis, therefore, beta-glucan can be considered as an anti-tumor agent because of its anti-metastatic properties, however, more in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to provide further evidence on this topic in the future.
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6
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Pivotal Role of AKT2 during Dynamic Phenotypic Change of Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081058. [PMID: 31357505 PMCID: PMC6721305 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic resistance seen in aggressive forms of breast cancer remains challenging for current treatments. More than half of the patients suffer from a disease relapse, most of them with distant metastases. Cancer maintenance, resistance to therapy, and metastatic disease seem to be sustained by the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC) within a tumor. The difficulty in targeting this subpopulation derives from their dynamic interconversion process, where CSC can differentiate to non-CSC, which in turn de-differentiate into cells with CSC properties. Using fluorescent CSC models driven by the expression of ALDH1A 1(aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1), we confirmed this dynamic phenotypic change in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and to identify Serine/Threonine Kinase 2 (AKT2) as an important player in the process. To confirm the central role of AKT2, we silenced AKT2 expression via small interfering RNA and using a chemical inhibitor (CCT128930), in both CSC and non-CSC from different cancer cell lines. Our results revealed that AKT2 inhibition effectively prevents non-CSC reversion through mesenchymal to epithelial transition, reducing invasion and colony formation ability of both, non-CSC and CSC. Further, AKT2 inhibition reduced CSC survival in low attachment conditions. Interestingly, in orthotopic tumor mouse models, high expression levels of AKT2 were detected in circulating tumor cells (CTC). These findings suggest AKT2 as a promising target for future anti-cancer therapies at three important levels: (i) Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) reversion and maintenance of CSC subpopulation in primary tumors, (ii) reduction of CTC and the likelihood of metastatic spread, and (iii) prevention of tumor recurrence through inhibition of CSC tumorigenic and metastatic potential.
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7
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Sui X, Cai J, Li H, He C, Zhou C, Dong Y, Chen L, Zhang B, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Qiu Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Huang Y, Shen Y, Wu H, Xiao J, Mason C, Zhu Q, Han S. p53-dependent CD51 expression contributes to characteristics of cancer stem cells in prostate cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:523. [PMID: 29743605 PMCID: PMC5943274 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which is considered to contain cancer stem cells (CSCs), leads to a high relapse rate in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). However, the markers of prostate CSCs are controversial. Here we demonstrate that CD51, in part, correlates with the poor prognosis of PCa patients. Further, we find that CD51 is a functional molecule that is able to promote the malignancy of PCa through enhancing tumor initiation, metastatic potential, and chemoresistance. Moreover, we find that elevated CD51 expression in PCa specimens correlates with p53 loss of function. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that p53 acts via Sp1/3 to repress CD51 transcription, and CD51 is required for PCa stemness and metastasis properties, and is downregulated by p53. Taken together, these results indicate that CD51 is a novel functional marker for PCa, which may provide a therapeutic target for the efficiently restricting PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sui
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianye Cai
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenchen He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Congya Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiping Dong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingnan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yinong Huang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yutian Shen
- Guangzhou Cellgenes Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haoxiang Wu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaqi Xiao
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Clifford Mason
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Abdominal Cancer, West China School of Medicine/ West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Suxia Han
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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OCT4 controls mitotic stability and inactivates the RB tumor suppressor pathway to enhance ovarian cancer aggressiveness. Oncogene 2017; 36:4253-4266. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Gener P, Rafael DFDS, Fernández Y, Ortega JS, Arango D, Abasolo I, Videira M, Schwartz S. Cancer stem cells and personalized cancer nanomedicine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:307-20. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress in cancer treatment over the past years advanced cancer is still an incurable disease. Special attention is pointed toward cancer stem cell (CSC)-targeted therapies, because this minor cell population is responsible for the treatment resistance, metastatic growth and tumor recurrence. The recently described CSC dynamic phenotype and interconversion model of cancer growth hamper even more the possible success of current cancer treatments in advanced cancer stages. Accordingly, CSCs can be generated through dedifferentiation processes from non-CSCs, in particular, when CSC populations are depleted after treatment. In this context, the use of targeted CSC nanomedicines should be considered as a promising tool to increase CSC sensitivity and efficacy of specific anti-CSC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Gener
- Drug Delivery & Targeting Group; CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Fernandes de Sousa Rafael
- Drug Delivery & Targeting Group; CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- iMed.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines. Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av Prof Gama Pinto, 1649–003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Yolanda Fernández
- Drug Delivery & Targeting Group; CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Functional Validation & Preclinical Studies (FVPR); CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Sayós Ortega
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Inmunobiology Group; CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Arango
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Group; CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ibane Abasolo
- Drug Delivery & Targeting Group; CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Functional Validation & Preclinical Studies (FVPR); CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mafalda Videira
- iMed.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines. Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av Prof Gama Pinto, 1649–003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Simo Schwartz
- Drug Delivery & Targeting Group; CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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Zhi Y, Mou Z, Chen J, He Y, Dong H, Fu X, Wu Y. B7H1 Expression and Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition Phenotypes on Colorectal Cancer Stem-Like Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135528. [PMID: 26284927 PMCID: PMC4540313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) can invade and metastasize by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, how they escape immune surveillance is unclear. B7H1 is crucial negative co-stimulatory molecule but little information about whether it works in CSCs. Therefore, we determined the expression of B7H1 and EMT-associated markers in colorectal cancer stem-like cells to investigate a possible immunoevasion way of CSCs. We enriched CD133+ colorectal cancer cells which manifested the CSCs-like properties such as higher levels of other stem cell markers Oct-4 and Sox-2, tumor sphere forming ability and more tumorigenic in NOD/SCID mice. These CD133+ cells possess EMT gene expression profile including higher level of Snail, Twist, vimentin, fibronectin and lower level of E-cadherin. Moreover, CD133+ cells in both cell line and colorectal cancer tissues expressed high level of negative co-stimulate molecule B7H1. Furthermore, some B7H1+ cancer cells also showed the characteristic of EMT, indicating EMT cells could escape immune attack during metastasis. B7H1 expression and EMT phenotypes on CSCs indicates a possible immunoevasion way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Zhi
- Institute of Immunology of PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhirong Mou
- Institute of Immunology of PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (YW); (ZM)
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of General surgery, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujun He
- Department of General surgery, Daping Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Immunology of PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolan Fu
- Institute of Immunology of PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology of PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (YW); (ZM)
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11
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Gener P, Gouveia LP, Sabat GR, de Sousa Rafael DF, Fort NB, Arranja A, Fernández Y, Prieto RM, Ortega JS, Arango D, Abasolo I, Videira M, Schwartz S. Fluorescent CSC models evidence that targeted nanomedicines improve treatment sensitivity of breast and colon cancer stem cells. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:1883-92. [PMID: 26238079 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED To be able to study the efficacy of targeted nanomedicines in marginal population of highly aggressive cancer stem cells (CSC), we have developed a novel in vitro fluorescent CSC model that allows us to visualize these cells in heterogeneous population and to monitor CSC biological performance after therapy. In this model tdTomato reporter gene is driven by CSC specific (ALDH1A1) promoter and contrary to other similar models, CSC differentiation and un-differentiation processes are not restrained and longitudinal studies are feasible. We used this model for preclinical validation of poly[(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)-co-PEG] (PLGA-co-PEG) micelles loaded with paclitaxel. Further, active targeting against CD44 and EGFR receptors was validated in breast and colon cancer cell lines. Accordingly, specific active targeting toward surface receptors enhances the performance of nanomedicines and sensitizes CSC to paclitaxel based chemotherapy. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Many current cancer therapies fail because of the failure to target cancer stem cells. This surviving population soon proliferates and differentiates into more cancer cells. In this interesting article, the authors designed an in vitro cancer stem cell model to study the effects of active targeting using antibody-labeled micelles containing chemotherapeutic agent. This new model should allow future testing of various drug/carrier platforms before the clinical phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Gener
- Drug Delivery and Targeting Group, CIBBIM Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Pleno Gouveia
- iMed.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Guillem Romero Sabat
- Drug Delivery and Targeting Group, CIBBIM Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Fernandes de Sousa Rafael
- Drug Delivery and Targeting Group, CIBBIM Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain; iMed.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Núria Bergadà Fort
- Drug Delivery and Targeting Group, CIBBIM Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandra Arranja
- iMed.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Yolanda Fernández
- Drug Delivery and Targeting Group, CIBBIM Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Functional Validation and Preclinical Studies (FVPR), CIBBIM Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Miñana Prieto
- Drug Delivery and Targeting Group, CIBBIM Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Sayos Ortega
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Inmunobiology Group, CIBBIM Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Arango
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Molecular Oncology Group, CIBBIM Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ibane Abasolo
- Drug Delivery and Targeting Group, CIBBIM Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Functional Validation and Preclinical Studies (FVPR), CIBBIM Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mafalda Videira
- iMed.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Simo Schwartz
- Drug Delivery and Targeting Group, CIBBIM Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.
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Crea F, Clermont PL, Parolia A, Wang Y, Helgason CD. The non-coding transcriptome as a dynamic regulator of cancer metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2015; 33:1-16. [PMID: 24346158 PMCID: PMC3988524 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-013-9455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of microRNAs, non-coding RNAs (NC-RNAs) have increasingly attracted the attention of cancer investigators. Two classes of NC-RNAs are emerging as putative metastasis-related genes: long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). LncRNAs orchestrate metastatic progression through several mechanisms, including the interaction with epigenetic effectors, splicing control and generation of microRNA-like molecules. In contrast, snoRNAs have been long considered “housekeeping” genes with no relevant function in cancer. However, recent evidence challenges this assumption, indicating that some snoRNAs are deregulated in cancer cells and may play a specific role in metastasis. Interestingly, snoRNAs and lncRNAs share several mechanisms of action, and might synergize with protein-coding genes to generate a specific cellular phenotype. This evidence suggests that the current paradigm of metastatic progression is incomplete. We propose that NC-RNAs are organized in complex interactive networks which orchestrate cellular phenotypic plasticity. Since plasticity is critical for cancer cell metastasis, we suggest that a molecular interactome composed by both NC-RNAs and proteins orchestrates cancer metastasis. Interestingly, expression of lncRNAs and snoRNAs can be detected in biological fluids, making them potentially useful biomarkers. NC-RNA expression profiles in human neoplasms have been associated with patients’ prognosis. SnoRNA and lncRNA silencing in pre-clinical models leads to cancer cell death and/or metastasis prevention, suggesting they can be investigated as novel therapeutic targets. Based on the literature to date, we critically discuss how the NC-RNA interactome can be explored and manipulated to generate more effective diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies for metastatic neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Crea
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada,
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13
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Abstract
AIM: To detect the expression of octamer-binding transcription factor-4 (Oct4) and drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein (Smad) 1 and 2 in gastric cancer, and to discuss their interactions.
METHODS: We collected 60 cases of gastric cancer (adenocarcinoma) and 25 cases of normal gastric tissue (above 10 cm from the tumor edge) to detect Oct4, Smad1 and Smad2 gene expression by quantitative real-time PCR technique and protein expression by Western blot.
RESULTS: Oct4 expression was significantly higher in gastric cancer than in normal gastric tissue (P < 0.05). Oct4 expression was significantly lower in well and moderately differentiated gastric cancer than in poorly differentiated gastric cancer (P < 0.05). Oct4 expression increased along with the increase of TNM stage (P < 0.05). Oct4 expression was significantly higher in gastric cancer with lymph node metastasis than in without (P < 0.05). Smad1 and Smad2 expression was significantly higher in normal gastric tissue than in gastric cancer (P < 0.05). Smad1 and Smad2 expression was significantly higher in well and moderately differentiated gastric cancer than in poorly differentiated gastric cancer (P < 0.05). Smad1 and Smad2 expression decreased along with the increase of TNM stage (P < 0.05). Smad1 and Smad2 expression was significantly lower in gastric cancer with lymph node metastasis than in without (P < 0.05). All the above three indicators had no significant correlation with age or gender (P > 0.05); Oct4 expression was correlated negatively with Smad1 (r = -0.882, P < 0.05) and Smad2 expression (r = -0.859, P < 0.05); Smad1 expression was correlated positively with Smad2 expression (r = 0.905, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Oct4, Smad1 and Smad2 expression may be closely related to the occurrence and development of gastric cancer, and therefore, they may be used as new drug targets for targeted therapy of gastric cancer.
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Tykwinska K, Lauster R, Knaus P, Rosowski M. Growth and differentiation factor 3 induces expression of genes related to differentiation in a model of cancer stem cells and protects them from retinoic acid-induced apoptosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70612. [PMID: 23950971 PMCID: PMC3741270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Misexpression of growth factors, particularly those related to stem cell-like phenotype, is often observed in several cancer types. It has been found to influence parameters of disease progression like cell proliferation, differentiation, maintenance of undifferentiated phenotype and modulation of the immune system. GDF3 is a TGFB family member associated with pluripotency and differentiation during embryonic development that has been previously reported to be re-expressed in a number of cancer types. However, its role in tumor development and progression has not been clarified yet. In this study we decipher the role of GDF3 in an in vitro model of cancer stem cells, NCCIT cells. By classical approach to study protein function combined with high-throughput technique for transcriptome analysis and differentiation assays we evaluated GDF3 as a potential therapeutic target. We observed that GDF3 robustly induces a panel of genes related to differentiation, including several potent tumor suppressors, without impacting the proliferative capacity. Moreover, we report for the first time the protective effect of GDF3 against retinoic acid-induced apoptosis in cells with stem cell-like properties. Our study implies that blocking of GDF3 combined with retinoic acid-treatment of solid cancers is a compelling direction for further investigations, which can lead to re-design of cancer differentiation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Tykwinska
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Abstract
Metastasis is an inefficient process and most cancer cells fail to colonize secondary sites. There are several possible reasons for this. First, the nature of the infiltrating cells is important as a small population of cancer stem cells has been shown to have exclusive metastasis-initiating potential. Secondly, supportive niches are required to promote the outgrowth of disseminated tumour cells. Such niches are either produced prior to the arrival of cancer cells in the target organ or are induced ad hoc upon cell infiltration. Components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) have been found to play a role in establishing these niches. This has highlighted the importance of the ECM for metastatic progression, and suggests that such components may provide alternative targets for treatment of metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Santamaria-Martínez
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ISREC (Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research), National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) 'Molecular Oncology', Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Knockdown of Oct4 and Nanog expression inhibits the stemness of pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2013; 340:113-23. [PMID: 23872274 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is notorious for its difficult diagnosis at early stage and poor recurrence-free prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the possible involvement of Oct4 and Nanog in pancreatic cancer. The high expressions of Oct4 and Nanog in human pancreatic cancer tissues were found to indicate a worse prognostic value of patients. The pancreatic cancer stem cells (PCSCs) that isolated from PANC-1 cell line by flow cytometry exhibited high expressions of Oct4 and Nanog. To investigate whether Oct4 and Nanog play crucial role in maintaining the stemness of PCSCs, double knockdown of Oct4 and Nanog demonstrated that Oct4 and Nanog significantly reduced proliferation, migration, invasion, chemoresistance, and tumorigenesis of PCSCs in vitro and in vivo. The altered expression of the genes related to pancreatic carcinogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance and epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT) might affect the biological characteristics of PCSCs. Our results suggest that Oct4 and Nanog may serve as a potential marker of prognosis and a novel target of therapy for pancreatic cancer.
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17
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Targeting cancer stem cells expressing an embryonic signature with anti-proteases to decrease their tumor potential. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e706. [PMID: 23828569 PMCID: PMC3730396 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a specific subset of cancer cells that sustain tumor growth and dissemination. They might represent a significant treatment target to reduce malignant progression and prevent tumor recurrence. In solid tumors, several hierarchically organized CSC clones coexist, even within a single tumor. Among them, CSCs displaying an embryonic stem cell ‘stemness' signature, based on the expression of Oct-4, Nanog and Sox2, are present in distinct high-grade tumor types associated with poor prognosis. We previously designed a model to isolate pure populations of these CSCs from distinct solid tumors and used it to screen for molecules showing selective toxicity for this type of CSC. Here we show that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-protease inhibitors (HIV-PIs) specifically target CSCs expressing an embryonic signature derived from tumors with distinct origins. They reduced proliferation in a dose-dependent manner with a higher specificity as compared with the total population of cancer cells and/or healthy stem cells, and they were efficient in inducing cell death. Lopinavir was the most effective HIV-PI among those tested. It reduced self-renewal and induced apoptosis of CSCs, subsequently impairing in vivo CSC-induced allograft formation. Two key pharmacophores in the LPV structure were also identified. They are responsible for the specificity of CSC targeting and also for the overall antitumoral activity. These results contribute to the identification of molecules presenting selective toxicity for CSCs expressing an embryonic stemness signature. This paves the way to promising therapeutic opportunities for patients suffering from solid cancer tumors of poor prognosis.
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