1
|
Sok CP, Polireddy K, Kooby DA. Molecular pathology and protein markers for pancreatic cancer: relevance in staging, in adjuvant therapy, in determination of minimal residual disease, and follow-up. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2024; 13:56-70. [PMID: 38322203 PMCID: PMC10839718 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn-22-628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The diagnosis and monitoring of disease through the detection of circulating protein biomarkers is a growing field in the practice of oncology. The search for more effective protein biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a valuable area of study, given the aggressive and often occult nature of this malignancy. Liquid biopsies are attractive, as they offer a minimally invasive and cost-effective approach when compared to traditional biopsy methods and imaging modalities used for diagnosis and surveillance. Carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 is currently the most commonly used serum protein biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with PDAC, but due to its sensitivity and specificity, its utility remains limited. In this review, we examine how circulating protein biomarkers are used in the diagnosis, prognostication, and surveillance of PDAC. We also highlight protein biomarkers that are currently under investigation that have the potential to enhance our ability to detect early-stage malignancies, predict response to therapy, and monitor for recurrence, but these markers require larger prospective validation studies before they can be widely implemented. Continued efforts to identify and validate novel biomarkers will be crucial for improving the management and outcomes of patients with this challenging disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin P. Sok
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karunesh Polireddy
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Scianò F, Terrana F, Pecoraro C, Parrino B, Cascioferro S, Diana P, Giovannetti E, Carbone D. Exploring the therapeutic potential of focal adhesion kinase inhibition in overcoming chemoresistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:271-289. [PMID: 38269431 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase often overexpressed in PDAC. FAK has been linked to cell migration, survival, proliferation, angiogenesis and adhesion. This review first highlights the chemoresistant nature of PDAC. Second, the role of FAK in PDAC cancer progression and resistance is carefully described. Additionally, it discusses recent developments of FAK inhibitors as valuable drugs in the treatment of PDAC, with a focus on diamine-substituted-2,4-pyrimidine-based compounds, which represent the most potent class of FAK inhibitors in clinical trials for the treatment of PDAC disease. To conclude, relevant computational studies performed on FAK inhibitors are reported to highlight the key structural features required for interaction with the protein, with the aim of optimizing this novel targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Scianò
- Department of Biological, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo, 90123, Italy
| | - Francesca Terrana
- Department of Biological, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo, 90123, Italy
| | - Camilla Pecoraro
- Department of Biological, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo, 90123, Italy
| | - Barbara Parrino
- Department of Biological, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo, 90123, Italy
| | - Stella Cascioferro
- Department of Biological, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo, 90123, Italy
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Department of Biological, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo, 90123, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc) De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, 1081HV, The Netherlands
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Via Ferruccio Giovannini 13, San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, 56017, Italy
| | - Daniela Carbone
- Department of Biological, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo, 90123, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Haldar SD, Vilar E, Maitra A, Zaidi N. Worth a Pound of Cure? Emerging Strategies and Challenges in Cancer Immunoprevention. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2023; 16:483-495. [PMID: 37001882 PMCID: PMC10548442 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-22-0478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunoprevention applies immunologic approaches such as vaccines to prevent, rather than to treat or cure, cancer. Despite limited success in the treatment of advanced disease, the development of cancer vaccines to intercept premalignant states is a promising area of current research. These efforts are supported by the rationale that vaccination in the premalignant setting is less susceptible to mechanisms of immune evasion compared with established cancer. Prophylactic vaccines have already been developed for a minority of cancers mediated by oncogenic viruses (e.g., hepatitis B and human papillomavirus). Extending the use of preventive vaccines to non-virally driven malignancies remains an unmet need to address the rising global burden of cancer. This review provides a broad overview of clinical trials in cancer immunoprevention with an emphasis on emerging vaccine targets and delivery platforms, translational challenges, and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saurav D. Haldar
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Neeha Zaidi
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Q, Šabanović B, Awada A, Reina C, Aicher A, Tang J, Heeschen C. Single-cell omics: a new perspective for early detection of pancreatic cancer? Eur J Cancer 2023; 190:112940. [PMID: 37413845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.112940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers, mostly due to late diagnosis and limited treatment options. Early detection of pancreatic cancer in high-risk populations bears the potential to greatly improve outcomes, but current screening approaches remain of limited value despite recent technological advances. This review explores the possible advantages of liquid biopsies for this application, particularly focusing on circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and their subsequent single-cell omics analysis. Originating from both primary and metastatic tumour sites, CTCs provide important information for diagnosis, prognosis and tailoring of treatment strategies. Notably, CTCs have even been detected in the blood of subjects with pancreatic precursor lesions, suggesting their suitability as a non-invasive tool for the early detection of malignant transformation in the pancreas. As intact cells, CTCs offer comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic, epigenetic and proteomic information that can be explored using rapidly developing techniques for analysing individual cells at the molecular level. Studying CTCs during serial sampling and at single-cell resolution will help to dissect tumour heterogeneity for individual patients and among different patients, providing new insights into cancer evolution during disease progression and in response to treatment. Using CTCs for non-invasive tracking of cancer features, including stemness, metastatic potential and expression of immune targets, provides important and readily accessible molecular insights. Finally, the emerging technology of ex vivo culturing of CTCs could create new opportunities to study the functionality of individual cancers at any stage and develop personalised and more effective treatment approaches for this lethal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Berina Šabanović
- Pancreatic Cancer Heterogeneity, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Azhar Awada
- Pancreatic Cancer Heterogeneity, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy; Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin (UniTO), Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Reina
- Pancreatic Cancer Heterogeneity, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Alexandra Aicher
- Precision Immunotherapy, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiajia Tang
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; South Chongqing Road 227, Shanghai, China.
| | - Christopher Heeschen
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Cancer Heterogeneity, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy; South Chongqing Road 227, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Koiwai A, Hirota M, Matsuura T, Itoh T, Kin R, Katayama T, Endo K, Takasu A, Kogure T, Murakami K, Satoh K. Diffuse pancreatic parenchymal atrophy, an imaging finding predictive of the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A case-control study. JGH Open 2023; 7:445-452. [PMID: 37359111 PMCID: PMC10290266 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aim Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal cancer, partly because its early detection is difficult. This study aimed to identify computed tomography (CT) findings associated with PDAC prior to diagnosis. Methods Past CT images were retrospectively collected from the PDAC group (n = 54) and the control group (n = 90). The following imaging findings were compared: pancreatic mass, main pancreatic duct (MPD) dilatation with or without cutoff, cyst, chronic pancreatitis with calcification, partial parenchymal atrophy (PPA), and diffuse parenchymal atrophy (DPA). In the PDAC group, CT findings were examined during the pre-diagnostic period and 6-36 months and 36-60 months before diagnosis. Multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression. Results MPD dilatation with cutoff (P < 0.0001) and PPA (P = 0.023) were identified as significant imaging findings 6-36 months before diagnosis. DPA was identified as a novel imaging finding at 6-36 months (P = 0.003) and 36-60 months (P = 0.009) before diagnosis. Conclusion DPA, MPD dilatation with cutoff, and PPA were identified as imaging findings associated with pre-diagnostic PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Koiwai
- Division of GastroenterologyTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Morihisa Hirota
- Division of GastroenterologyTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Tomonori Matsuura
- Division of RadiologyTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Takehito Itoh
- Division of GastroenterologyTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Ryo Kin
- Division of GastroenterologyTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Tomofumi Katayama
- Division of GastroenterologyTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Katsuya Endo
- Division of GastroenterologyTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Atsuko Takasu
- Division of GastroenterologyTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Takayuki Kogure
- Division of GastroenterologyTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Kazuhiro Murakami
- Division of PathologyTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Kennichi Satoh
- Division of GastroenterologyTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Takeda Y, Matsumoto K, Onoyama T, Yamashita T, Koda H, Hamamoto W, Sakamoto Y, Shimosaka T, Kawahara S, Seki Y, Kurumi H, Horie Y, Isomoto H, Yamaguchi N. Pancreatic Juice Cytology Evaluations Using Synthetic Secretin and Serial Pancreatic Juice Aspiration Cytological Examination for the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13091536. [PMID: 37174928 PMCID: PMC10177452 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13091536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological examination by endoscopic ultrasound-fine needle aspiration is not possible in approximately 10% of pancreatic tumor cases. Pancreatic juice cytology (PJC) is considered an alternative diagnostic method. However, its diagnostic capability is insufficient, and PJC has been repeatedly redevised. Serial pancreatic juice aspiration cytological examination (SPACE) and secretin-loaded PJC (S-PJC) have been recently introduced as alternative diagnostic methods. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic capacity and safety of SPACE and S-PJC using a propensity score-matched analysis. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 75.0%, 100%, and 92.3% for S-PJC, respectively, and 71.4%, 100%, and 92.3% for SPACE, respectively, meaning that there was no significant difference between the groups. Four patients (15.4%) each in the S-PJC and SPACE groups experienced complications, including postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, pancreatitis, and cholangitis. Overall, there was no difference in efficacy and safety between the SPACE and S-PJC groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Takeda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Kazuya Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Takumi Onoyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Taro Yamashita
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Hiroki Koda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Wataru Hamamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Yuri Sakamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Takuya Shimosaka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Shiho Kawahara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Yuta Seki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurumi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Yasushi Horie
- Division of Organ Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Hajime Isomoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fang YT, Yang WW, Niu YR, Sun YK. Recent advances in targeted therapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:571-595. [PMID: 37123059 PMCID: PMC10134207 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i4.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a fatal disease with a 5-year survival rate of 8% and a median survival of 6 mo. In PDAC, several mutations in the genes are involved, with Kirsten rat sarcoma oncogene (90%), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (90%), and tumor suppressor 53 (75%–90%) being the most common. Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 represents 50%. In addition, the self-preserving cancer stem cells, dense tumor microenvironment (fibrous accounting for 90% of the tumor volume), and suppressive and relatively depleted immune niche of PDAC are also constitutive and relevant elements of PDAC. Molecular targeted therapy is widely utilized and effective in several solid tumors. In PDAC, targeted therapy has been extensively evaluated; however, survival improvement of this aggressive disease using a targeted strategy has been minimal. There is currently only one United States Food and Drug Administration-approved targeted therapy for PDAC – erlotinib, but the absolute benefit of erlotinib in combination with gemcitabine is also minimal (2 wk). In this review, we summarize current targeted therapies and clinical trials targeting dysregulated signaling pathways and components of the PDAC oncogenic process, analyze possible reasons for the lack of positive results in clinical trials, and suggest ways to improve them. We also discuss emerging trends in targeted therapies for PDAC: combining targeted inhibitors of multiple pathways. The PubMed database and National Center for Biotechnology Information clinical trial website (www.clinicaltrials.gov) were queried to identify completed and published (PubMed) and ongoing (clinicaltrials.gov) clinical trials (from 2003-2022) using the keywords pancreatic cancer and targeted therapy. The PubMed database was also queried to search for information about the pathogenesis and molecular pathways of pancreatic cancer using the keywords pancreatic cancer and molecular pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wen-Wei Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ya-Ru Niu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yong-Kun Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Hebei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Langfang 065001, Hebei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Marin AM, Sanchuki HBS, Namur GN, Uno M, Zanette DL, Aoki MN. Circulating Cell-Free Nucleic Acids as Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Pancreatic Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041069. [PMID: 37189687 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A lack of reliable early diagnostic tools represents a major challenge in the management of pancreatic cancer (PCa), as the disease is often only identified after it reaches an advanced stage. This highlights the urgent need to identify biomarkers that can be used for the early detection, staging, treatment monitoring, and prognosis of PCa. A novel approach called liquid biopsy has emerged in recent years, which is a less- or non-invasive procedure since it focuses on plasmatic biomarkers such as DNA and RNA. In the blood of patients with cancer, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free nucleic acids (cfNAs) have been identified such as DNA, mRNA, and non-coding RNA (miRNA and lncRNA). The presence of these molecules encouraged researchers to investigate their potential as biomarkers. In this article, we focused on circulating cfNAs as plasmatic biomarkers of PCa and analyzed their advantages compared to traditional biopsy methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anelis Maria Marin
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Prof Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 Street, Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Bruna Soligo Sanchuki
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Prof Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 Street, Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Naccache Namur
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Miyuki Uno
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Dalila Luciola Zanette
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Prof Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 Street, Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Mateus Nóbrega Aoki
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Prof Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 Street, Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nagendram S, Bhattacharya S. Pancreatic cancer: a glimmer of hope. TRENDS IN UROLOGY & MEN'S HEALTH 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/tre.904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sathyan Nagendram
- HPB Surgery Unit, The London Clinic UK
- Centre for Tumour Biology Barts Cancer Institute London UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Poor dental health and risk of pancreatic cancer: a nationwide registry-based cohort study in Sweden, 2009-2016. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:2133-2140. [PMID: 36273086 PMCID: PMC9726876 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported inconsistent results regarding the association between poor dental health and pancreatic cancer risk. This study aimed to assess this association using a well-functioning nationwide dental health registry in Sweden. METHODS Information of exposures (dental caries, root canal infection, mild inflammation, and periodontitis; the number of teeth) was ascertained from the Swedish Dental Health Register, and occurrence of pancreatic cancer was identified from both cancer and cause of death registries. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox models. RESULTS During a median of 7.2 years of follow-up, 10,081 pancreatic cancers were identified among 5,889,441 individuals. Compared with the healthy status, a higher risk of pancreatic cancer was observed in individuals with root canal infection, mild inflammation, and periodontitis in the <50 age group (P for trend <0.001). In the 50-70 age group, only the subgroup with periodontitis had an excess risk (multivariable-adjusted HR = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-1.29). No positive association with statistical significance was observed in the 70+ age group. Individuals with fewer teeth tended to have a higher risk in all age groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirmed the association between poor dental health and pancreatic cancer risk, which warrants further studies on underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
|
11
|
Sivapalan L, Kocher HM, Ross-Adams H, Chelala C. The molecular landscape of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pancreatology 2022; 22:925-936. [PMID: 35927150 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality within the next decade, with limited effective treatment options and a dismal long-term prognosis for patients. Surgical resection of early, localised disease provides the only chance for potentially curative treatment; however, most patients with PDAC present with advanced disease and are not suitable for surgery. Genomic analyses of PDAC tumour lesions have identified a small number of recurrent alterations that are detected across most tumours, and beyond that a large number that either occur at a low (<5%) prevalence or are patient-specific in nature. This molecular heterogeneity has presented a significant challenge for the characterisation of tumour subtypes and effective molecular biomarkers, which have not yet manifested clinical benefits for diagnosis, treatment or prognosis in PDAC. These challenges are compounded by the overall lack of tumour biopsies for sequencing, the invasive nature of tissue sampling and the confounding effects of low tumour cellularity in many PDAC biopsy specimens, which have limited the applications of molecular profiling in unresectable patients and for longitudinal tumour monitoring. Further investigation into alternative sources of tumour analytes that can be sampled using minimally invasive methods and used to complement molecular analyses from tissue sequencing are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Sivapalan
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - H M Kocher
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - H Ross-Adams
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
| | - C Chelala
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gkountakos A, Mafficini A, Lou E, Malleo G, Salvia R, Calicchia M, Silvestris N, Racila E, Amin K, Veronese N, Brunetti O, Antonini P, Ingravallo G, Mattiolo P, Saponaro C, Nappo F, Simbolo M, Bariani E, Lonardi S, Fassan M, Milella M, Lawlor RT, Scarpa A, Luchini C. Genomic characterization of undifferentiated sarcomatoid carcinoma of the pancreas. Hum Pathol 2022; 128:124-133. [PMID: 35850360 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiated sarcomatoid carcinoma (USC) of the pancreas is a rare but especially aggressive variant of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), composed of at least 80% of sarcomatoid cells. This study aimed to elucidate its clinicopathological and molecular features. The study cohort included 10 patients with pancreatic USC. Clinicopathological parameters were determined for each patient. The molecular profile was investigated using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Histologically, all tumors were hypercellular neoplasms with spindle-shaped or sarcomatoid cells. All patients showed vascular and perineural invasion. Most patients had a poor prognosis. NGS showed important similarities with conventional PDAC, including frequent alterations in the classic PDAC drivers, KRAS (100% of cases), TP53 (90%), and CDKN2A (60%). There were also some important distinctions from conventional PDAC: 1) SMAD4, a typical PDAC driver gene, was mutated in only one case (10%); 2) Another distinctive molecular feature was the recurrent KRAS amplification (30% of cases), which is very rare in conventional PDAC. It has been previously reported in another subtype of pancreatic undifferentiated carcinoma, the rhabdoid variant, and may be a key event leading to the acquisition of an undifferentiated phenotype in a subgroup of cases; 3) Lastly, in two different cases, we detected two potentially actionable targets, not belonging to the typical PDAC molecular landscape, such as MCL1 amplification and POLQ mutation. Our study sheds light on this rare tumor type, which shows aggressive biological behavior and few druggable alterations. The most distinctive molecular features of pancreatic USC are the paucity of SMAD4 alterations and recurrent KRAS amplification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Mafficini
- ARC-NET Applied Research on Cancer Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Emil Lou
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Giuseppe Malleo
- Department of General and Pancreatic Surgery, The Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Salvia
- Department of General and Pancreatic Surgery, The Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Martina Calicchia
- ARC-NET Applied Research on Cancer Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Emilian Racila
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Khalid Amin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro Antonini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- ,Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Pathology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Mattiolo
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Concetta Saponaro
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Floriana Nappo
- Medical Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Michele Simbolo
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Bariani
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Lonardi
- Medical Oncology 3, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua; Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- Department of Medicine, Section of Oncology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Rita T Lawlor
- ARC-NET Applied Research on Cancer Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-NET Applied Research on Cancer Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchini
- ARC-NET Applied Research on Cancer Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Casolino R, Corbo V, Beer P, Hwang CI, Paiella S, Silvestri V, Ottini L, Biankin AV. Germline Aberrations in Pancreatic Cancer: Implications for Clinical Care. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3239. [PMID: 35805011 PMCID: PMC9265115 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has an extremely poor prognosis and represents a major public health issue, as both its incidence and mortality are expecting to increase steeply over the next years. Effective screening strategies are lacking, and most patients are diagnosed with unresectable disease precluding the only chance of cure. Therapeutic options for advanced disease are limited, and the treatment paradigm is still based on chemotherapy, with a few rare exceptions to targeted therapies. Germline variants in cancer susceptibility genes-particularly those involved in mechanisms of DNA repair-are emerging as promising targets for PDAC treatment and prevention. Hereditary PDAC is part of the spectrum of several syndromic disorders, and germline testing of PDAC patients has relevant implications for broad cancer prevention. Germline aberrations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are predictive biomarkers of response to poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib and platinum-based chemotherapy in PDAC, while mutations in mismatch repair genes identify patients suitable for immune checkpoint inhibitors. This review provides a timely and comprehensive overview of germline aberrations in PDAC and their implications for clinical care. It also discusses the need for optimal approaches to better select patients for PARP inhibitor therapy, novel therapeutic opportunities under clinical investigation, and preclinical models for cancer susceptibility and drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Casolino
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (P.B.); (A.V.B.)
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK
| | - Vincenzo Corbo
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Philip Beer
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (P.B.); (A.V.B.)
| | - Chang-il Hwang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Salvatore Paiella
- General and Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Institute, University of Verona Hospital Trust, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Valentina Silvestri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.S.); (L.O.)
| | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.S.); (L.O.)
| | - Andrew V. Biankin
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (P.B.); (A.V.B.)
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kopantzev E, Kondratyeva L, Kopantseva M, Kashkin K, Gnatenko D, Grigorieva E, Alekseenko I, Safina D, Chernov I. SOX9 Protein in Pancreatic Cancer Regulates Multiple Cellular Networks in a Cell-Specific Manner. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071466. [PMID: 35884771 PMCID: PMC9312990 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
SOX9 is upregulated in the majority of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cases. It is hypothesized that the increased expression of SOX9 is necessary for the formation and maintenance of tumor phenotypes in pancreatic cancer cells. In our research, we studied six pancreatic cancer cell lines, which displayed varying levels of differentiation and a range of oncogenic mutations. We chose the method of downregulation of SOX9 expression via siRNA transfection as the main method for investigating the functional role of the SOX9 factor in pancreatic cancer cells. We discovered that the downregulation of SOX9 expression in the cell lines leads to cell-line-specific changes in the expression levels of epithelial and mesenchymal protein markers. Additionally, the downregulation of SOX9 expression had a specific effect on the expression of pancreatic developmental master genes. SOX9 downregulation had the greatest effect on the expression levels of the protein regulators of cell proliferation. In three of the four cell lines studied, the transfection of siSOX9 led to a significant decrease in proliferative activity and to the activation of proapoptotic caspases in transfected cells. The acquired results demonstrate that the SOX9 protein exerts its multiple functions as a pleiotropic regulator of differentiation and a potential promoter of tumor growth in a cell-specific manner in pancreatic cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Kopantzev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (K.K.); (D.G.); (E.G.); (I.A.); (I.C.)
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (L.K.); Tel.: +7-(916)-066-8752 (E.K.); +7-(965)-315-7274 (L.K.); Fax: +7-(495)-330-6538 (L.K.)
| | - Liya Kondratyeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (K.K.); (D.G.); (E.G.); (I.A.); (I.C.)
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (L.K.); Tel.: +7-(916)-066-8752 (E.K.); +7-(965)-315-7274 (L.K.); Fax: +7-(495)-330-6538 (L.K.)
| | - Marina Kopantseva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (K.K.); (D.G.); (E.G.); (I.A.); (I.C.)
| | - Kirill Kashkin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (K.K.); (D.G.); (E.G.); (I.A.); (I.C.)
| | - Dmitry Gnatenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (K.K.); (D.G.); (E.G.); (I.A.); (I.C.)
| | - Elizaveta Grigorieva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (K.K.); (D.G.); (E.G.); (I.A.); (I.C.)
| | - Irina Alekseenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (K.K.); (D.G.); (E.G.); (I.A.); (I.C.)
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Ploshchad’ Akademika Kurchatova, 123182 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dina Safina
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Ploshchad’ Akademika Kurchatova, 123182 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Igor Chernov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (K.K.); (D.G.); (E.G.); (I.A.); (I.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ulanja MB, Moody AE, Beutler BD, Antwi-Amoabeng D, Rahman GA, Alese OB. Early-onset pancreatic cancer: a review of molecular mechanisms, management, and survival. Oncotarget 2022; 13:828-841. [PMID: 35720978 PMCID: PMC9200435 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early-onset pancreatic cancer (EOPC) - defined as pancreatic cancer diagnosed before the age of 50 years - is associated with a poor prognosis as compared to later-onset pancreatic cancer (LOPC). Emerging evidence suggests that EOPC may exhibit a genetic signature and tumor biology that is distinct from that of LOPC. We review genetic mutations that are more prevalent in EOPC relative to LOPC and discuss the potential impact of these mutations on treatment and survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using PubMed and Medline, the following terms were searched and relevant citations assessed: "early onset pancreatic cancer," "late onset pancreatic cancer," "pancreatic cancer," "pancreatic cancer genes," and "pancreatic cancer targeted therapy." RESULTS Mutations in CDKN2, FOXC2, and SMAD4 are significantly more common in EOPC as compared to LOPC. In addition, limited data suggest that PI3KCA mutations are more frequently observed in EOPC as compared to LOPC. KRAS mutations are relatively rare in EOPC. CONCLUSIONS Genetic mutations associated with EOPC are distinct from those of LOPC. The preponderance of the evidence suggest that poor outcomes in EOPC are related both to advanced stage of presentation and unique tumor biology. The molecular and genetic features of EOPC warrant further investigation in order to optimize management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark B. Ulanja
- Christus Ochsner Saint Patrick Hospital, Lake Charles, LA 70601, USA
| | - Alastair E. Moody
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Bryce D. Beutler
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | | | - Ganiyu A. Rahman
- Department of Surgery, University of Cape Coast, School of Medical Sciences, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Olatunji B. Alese
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Loveček M, Skalický P, Urban O, Tesaříková J, Kliment M, Psár R, Švébišová H, Urban K, Mohelníková-Duchoňová B, Klos D, Stašek M. Isolated Gastric Metastases of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma following Radical Resection—Impact of Endosonography-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Tract Seeding. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061392. [PMID: 35740414 PMCID: PMC9220227 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endosonography-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNA)-associated metachronous gastric seeding metastases (GSM) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represent a serious condition with insufficient evidence. Methods: Retrospective analysis of PDAC resections with a curative-intent, proven pathological diagnosis of PDAC, preoperative EUS-FNA and post-resection follow-up of at least 60 months. The systematic literature search of published data was used for the GSM growth evaluation using Pearson correlation and the linear regression analyses. Results: The inclusion criteria met 59/134 cases, 16 (27%) had retained needle tract (15 following distal pancreatectomy, 1 following pylorus-sparing head resection). In total, 3/16 cases (19%) developed identical solitary GSM (10–26th month following primary surgery) and were radically resected. A total of 30 published cases of PDAC GSM following EUS-FNA were identified. Lesion was resected in 20 distal pancreatectomy cases with complete information in 14 cases. A correlation between the metastasis size and time (r = 0.612) was proven. The regression coefficient b = 0.72 expresses the growth of 0.72 mm per month. Conclusions: The GSM represent a preventable and curable condition. A remarkably high number of GSM following EUS-FNA was identified, leading to follow-up recommendation of EUS-FNA sampled patients. Multimodal management (gastric resection, adjuvant chemotherapy) may prolong survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Loveček
- Department of Surgery I, University Hospital Olomouc, I.P. Pavlova 185/6, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.L.); (P.S.); (J.T.); (D.K.)
| | - Pavel Skalický
- Department of Surgery I, University Hospital Olomouc, I.P. Pavlova 185/6, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.L.); (P.S.); (J.T.); (D.K.)
| | - Ondřej Urban
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Gastroentrology and Geriatrics, University Hospital Olomouc, I.P. Pavlova 185/6, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Jana Tesaříková
- Department of Surgery I, University Hospital Olomouc, I.P. Pavlova 185/6, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.L.); (P.S.); (J.T.); (D.K.)
| | - Martin Kliment
- Helios Kliniken Schwerin, Klinik für Gastroenterologie und Infektiologie, Wismarsche Strasse 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany;
| | - Róbert Psár
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 976/3, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Hana Švébišová
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Olomouc, I.P. Pavlova 185/6, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Kateřina Urban
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.U.); (B.M.-D.)
| | - Beatrice Mohelníková-Duchoňová
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.U.); (B.M.-D.)
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 976/3, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dušan Klos
- Department of Surgery I, University Hospital Olomouc, I.P. Pavlova 185/6, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.L.); (P.S.); (J.T.); (D.K.)
| | - Martin Stašek
- Department of Surgery I, University Hospital Olomouc, I.P. Pavlova 185/6, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.L.); (P.S.); (J.T.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +42-058-844-2962
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Thege FI, Cardle II, Gruber CN, Siemann MJ, Cong S, Wittmann K, Love J, Kirby BJ. Acquired chemoresistance drives spatial heterogeneity, chemoprotection and collective migration in pancreatic tumor spheroids. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267882. [PMID: 35617275 PMCID: PMC9135276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors display rich cellular heterogeneity and typically consist of multiple co-existing clones with distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. The acquisition of resistance to chemotherapy has been shown to contribute to the development of aggressive cancer traits, such as increased migration, invasion and stemness. It has been hypothesized that collective cellular behavior and cooperation of cancer cell populations may directly contribute to disease progression and lack of response to treatment. Here we show that the spontaneous emergence of chemoresistance in a cancer cell population exposed to the selective pressure of a chemotherapeutic agent can result in the emergence of collective cell behavior, including cell-sorting, chemoprotection and collective migration. We derived several gemcitabine resistant subclones from the human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC3 and determined that the observed chemoresistance was driven of a focal amplification of the chr11p15.4 genomic region, resulting in over-expression of the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) subunit RRM1. Interestingly, these subclones display a rich cell-sorting behavior when cultured as mixed tumor spheroids. Furthermore, we show that chemoresistant cells are able to exert a chemoprotective effect on non-resistant cells in spheroid co-culture, whereas no protective effect is seen in conventional 2D culture. We also demonstrate that the co-culture of resistant and non-resistant cells leads to collective migration where resistant cells enable migration of otherwise non-migratory cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian I. Cardle
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Conor N. Gruber
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Megan J. Siemann
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sophie Cong
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Justin Love
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Brian J. Kirby
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Butera A, Roy M, Zampieri C, Mammarella E, Panatta E, Melino G, D’Alessandro A, Amelio I. p53-driven lipidome influences non-cell-autonomous lysophospholipids in pancreatic cancer. Biol Direct 2022; 17:6. [PMID: 35255936 PMCID: PMC8902766 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-022-00319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation of the lipid metabolism participates in cancer pathogenesis, facilitating energy storage and influencing cell fate and control of molecular signalling. The tumour suppressor protein p53 is a molecular hub of cell metabolism, supporting antioxidant capabilities and counteracting oncogene-induced metabolic switch. Despite extensive work has described the p53-dependent metabolic pathways, a global profiling of p53 lipidome is still missing. By high-throughput untargeted lipidomic analysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells, we profile the p53-dependent lipidome, revealing intracellular and secreted lysophospholipids as one of the most affected class. Lysophospholipids are hydrolysed forms of phospholipids that results from phospholipase activity, which can function as signalling molecules, exerting non-cell-autonomous effects and instructing cancer microenvironment and immunity. Here, we reveal that p53 depletion reduces abundance of intracellular lysophosphatidyl-choline, -ethanolamine and -serine and their secretion in the extracellular environment. By integrating this with genomic and transcriptomic studies from in vitro models and human PDAC patients, we identified potential clinically relevant candidate p53-dependent phospholipases. In particular PLD3, PLCB4 and PLCD4 expression is regulated by p53 and chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) indicates a direct transcriptional control on their chromatin accessible genomic loci. Consistently, PLD3, PLCB4 and PLCD4 expression correlates with p53 mutational status in PDAC patients, and these genes display prognostic significance. Overall, our data provide insights into lipidome rewiring driven by p53 loss and identify alterations of lysophospholipids as a potential molecular mechanism for p53-mediated non-cell-autonomous molecular signalling that instructs cancer microenvironment and immunity during PDAC pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Butera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Micaela Roy
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Carlotta Zampieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mammarella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Panatta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ivano Amelio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zampieri C, Panatta E, Corbo V, Mauriello A, Melino G, Amelio I. p53 mutations define the chromatin landscape to confer drug tolerance in pancreatic cancer. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:1259-1271. [PMID: 34919788 PMCID: PMC8936522 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic inactivation of p53 (TP53) mainly occurs as missense mutations that lead to the acquisition of neomorphic mutant protein forms. p53 mutants have been postulated to exert gain-of-function (GOF) effects, including promotion of metastasis and drug tolerance, which generally contribute to the acquisition of the lethal phenotype. Here, by integrating a p53R270H -dependent transcriptomic analysis with chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq) profiling, we shed light on the molecular basis of a p53 mutant-dependent drug-tolerant phenotype in pancreatic cancer. p53R270H finely tunes chromatin accessibility in specific genomic loci, orchestrating a transcriptional programme that participates in phenotypic evolution of the cancer. We specifically focused on the p53R270H -dependent regulation of the tyrosine kinase receptor macrophage-stimulating protein receptor (MST1r). MST1r deregulation substantially impinged on drug response in the experimental model, recapitulating the p53R270H -dependent phenotype, and strongly correlated with p53 mutant and aggressive phenotype in pancreatic cancer patients. As cellular plasticity in the final stages of the evolution of pancreatic cancer seems to predominantly originate from epigenetic mechanisms, we propose that mutant p53 participates in the acquisition of a lethal phenotype by fine-tuning the chromatin landscape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Zampieri
- Department of Experimental MedicineTOR, University of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | - Emanuele Panatta
- Department of Experimental MedicineTOR, University of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | | | | | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental MedicineTOR, University of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Department of Experimental MedicineTOR, University of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamUK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The Role of SMAD4 Inactivation in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: The Missing Link? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040973. [PMID: 35205719 PMCID: PMC8870198 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is currently one of the deadliest cancers. Despite the progress that has been made in the research of patient care and the understanding of pancreatic cancer, the survival rate remains mediocre. SMAD4, a tumor-suppressor gene, is specifically inactivated in 50–55% of pancreatic cancers. The role of SMAD4 protein loss in PDAC remains controversial, but seems to be associated with worse overall survival and metastasis. Here, we review the function of SMAD4 inactivation in the context of a specific biological process called epithelial–mesenchymal transition, as it has been increasingly associated with tumor formation, metastasis and resistance to therapy. By improving our understanding of these molecular mechanisms, we hope to find new targets for therapy and improve the care of patients with PDAC. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) presents a five-year survival rate of 10% and its incidence increases over the years. It is, therefore, essential to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that promote metastasis and chemoresistance in PDAC, which are the main causes of death in these patients. SMAD4 is inactivated in 50% of PDACs and its loss has been associated with worse overall survival and metastasis, although some controversy still exists. SMAD4 is the central signal transducer of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) pathway, which is notably known to play a role in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is a biological process where epithelial cells lose their characteristics to acquire a spindle-cell phenotype and increased motility. EMT has been increasingly studied due to its potential implication in metastasis and therapy resistance. Recently, it has been suggested that cells undergo EMT transition through intermediary states, which is referred to as epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity (EMP). The intermediary states are characterized by enhanced aggressiveness and more efficient metastasis. Therefore, this review aims to summarize and analyze the current knowledge on SMAD4 loss in patients with PDAC and to investigate its potential role in EMP in order to better understand its function in PDAC carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen X, Sheng L, Ma J, Qi D, Li X, Wang Z, Wu Z, Wong L, Huang JH, Wu E, Ma Q, Zhang D. 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone provokes progression from chronic pancreatitis to pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. iScience 2022; 25:103647. [PMID: 35028532 PMCID: PMC8741524 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of pancreatic cancer is higher among people who are cigarette smokers than among non-smokers; however, the action mechanisms of cigarette metabolites are not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in cigarette smoking on chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer as well as the biological mechanism of NNK causing malignant transformation. We show that smoking may promote Kras mutation and P16 promoter methylation from clinical samples and NNK markedly facilitates the growth and migration of pancreatic cancer cells via the activation of Sonic Hedgehog signaling. We demonstrate that NNK promotes acinar-to-ductal metastasis and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia in rats with chronic pancreatitis, accompanied by desmoplastic reaction and Gli1 overexpression. Together, we here present evidence that NNK provokes the progression of chronic pancreatitis toward pancreatic cancer and highlight potential strategies and targets for early prevention of pancreatic cancer and its therapeutics. Smoking is positively correlated with Kras mutation and P16 hypermethylation NNK promotes acinar-to-ductal metastasis and preneoplasia lesions in rats NNK promotes desmoplastic reaction and Gli1 expression in chronic pancreatitis NNK facilitates the growth and migration of cancer via Sonic Hedgehog signaling
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Sheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiguang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Xuqi Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lucas Wong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Jason H Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, Texas A and M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, Texas A and M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA.,Livestrong Cancer Institutes and Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A and M University College of Pharmacy, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hoogenboom SA, Engels MML, Chuprin AV, van Hooft JE, LeGout JD, Wallace MB, Bolan CW. Prevalence, features, and explanations of missed and misinterpreted pancreatic cancer on imaging: a matched case-control study. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2022; 47:4160-4172. [PMID: 36127473 PMCID: PMC9626431 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-022-03671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the prevalence of missed pancreatic masses and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)-related findings on CT and MRI between pre-diagnostic patients and healthy individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients diagnosed with PDAC (2010-2016) were retrospectively reviewed for abdominal CT- or MRI-examinations 1 month-3 years prior to their diagnosis, and subsequently matched to controls in a 1:4 ratio. Two blinded radiologists scored each imaging exam on the presence of a pancreatic mass and secondary features of PDAC. Additionally, original radiology reports were graded based on the revised RADPEER criteria. RESULTS The cohort of 595 PDAC patients contained 60 patients with a pre-diagnostic CT and 27 with an MRI. A pancreatic mass was suspected in hindsight on CT in 51.7% and 50% of cases and in 1.3% and 0.9% of controls by reviewer 1 (p < .001) and reviewer 2 (p < .001), respectively. On MRI, a mass was suspected in 70.4% and 55.6% of cases and 2.9% and 0% of the controls by reviewer 1 (p < .001) and reviewer 2 (p < .001), respectively. Pancreatic duct dilation, duct interruption, focal atrophy, and features of acute pancreatitis is strongly associated with PDAC (p < .001). In cases, a RADPEER-score of 2 or 3 was assigned to 56.3% of the CT-reports and 71.4% of MRI-reports. CONCLUSION Radiological features as pancreatic duct dilation and interruption, and focal atrophy are common first signs of PDAC and are often missed or unrecognized. Further investigation with dedicated pancreas imaging is warranted in patients with PDAC-related radiological findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanne A. Hoogenboom
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA ,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Megan M. L. Engels
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA ,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anthony V. Chuprin
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Jeanin E. van Hooft
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jordan D. LeGout
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Michael B. Wallace
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA ,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, PO Box 11001, Abu Dhabi, UAE ,Khalifa University School of Medicine, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Candice W. Bolan
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hyun S, Park D. Challenges in genomic analysis of model systems and primary tumors of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:4806-4815. [PMID: 36147673 PMCID: PMC9464644 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by aggressive tumor behavior and poor prognosis. Recent next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based genomic studies have provided novel treatment modes for pancreatic cancer via the identification of cancer driver variants and molecular subtypes in PDAC. Genome-wide approaches have been extended to model systems such as patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), organoids, and cell lines for pre-clinical purposes. However, the genomic characteristics vary in the model systems, which is mainly attributed to the clonal evolution of cancer cells during their construction and culture. Moreover, fundamental limitations such as low tumor cellularity and the complex tumor microenvironment of PDAC hinder the confirmation of genomic features in the primary tumor and model systems. The occurrence of these phenomena and their associated complexities may lead to false insights into the understanding of mechanisms and dynamics in tumor tissues of patients. In this review, we describe various model systems and discuss differences in the results based on genomics and transcriptomics between primary tumors and model systems. Finally, we introduce practical strategies to improve the accuracy of genomic analysis of primary tissues and model systems.
Collapse
|
24
|
Mavrommati I, Johnson F, Echeverria GV, Natrajan R. Subclonal heterogeneity and evolution in breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:155. [PMID: 34934048 PMCID: PMC8692469 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Subclonal heterogeneity and evolution are characteristics of breast cancer that play a fundamental role in tumour development, progression and resistance to current therapies. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in understanding the epigenetic and transcriptomic changes that occur within breast cancer and their importance in terms of cancer development, progression and therapy resistance with a particular focus on alterations at the single-cell level. Furthermore, we highlight the utility of using single-cell tracing and molecular barcoding methodologies in preclinical models to assess disease evolution and response to therapy. We discuss how the integration of single-cell profiling from patient samples can be used in conjunction with results from preclinical models to untangle the complexities of this disease and identify biomarkers of disease progression, including measures of intra-tumour heterogeneity themselves, and how enhancing this understanding has the potential to uncover new targetable vulnerabilities in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Mavrommati
- grid.18886.3fThe Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Flora Johnson
- grid.18886.3fThe Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Gloria V. Echeverria
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XLester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA ,grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA ,grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA ,grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Rachael Natrajan
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
KalantarMotamedi Y, Choi RJ, Koh SB, Bramhall JL, Fan TP, Bender A. Prediction and identification of synergistic compound combinations against pancreatic cancer cells. iScience 2021; 24:103080. [PMID: 34585118 PMCID: PMC8456050 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to current therapies is common for pancreatic cancer and hence novel treatment options are urgently needed. In this work, we developed and validated a computational method to select synergistic compound combinations based on transcriptomic profiles from both the disease and compound side, combined with a pathway scoring system, which was then validated prospectively by testing 30 compounds (and their combinations) on PANC-1 cells. Some compounds selected as single agents showed lower GI50 values than the standard of care, gemcitabine. Compounds suggested as combination agents with standard therapy gemcitabine based on the best performing scoring system showed on average 2.82-5.18 times higher synergies compared to compounds that were predicted to be active as single agents. Examples of highly synergistic in vitro validated compound pairs include gemcitabine combined with Entinostat, thioridazine, loperamide, scriptaid and Saracatinib. Hence, the computational approach presented here was able to identify synergistic compound combinations against pancreatic cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman KalantarMotamedi
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Ran Joo Choi
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Siang-Boon Koh
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Jo L. Bramhall
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Tai-Ping Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Andreas Bender
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kafita D, Nkhoma P, Zulu M, Sinkala M. Proteogenomic analysis of pancreatic cancer subtypes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257084. [PMID: 34506537 PMCID: PMC8432812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains a significant public health problem with an ever-rising incidence of disease. Cancers of the pancreas are characterised by various molecular aberrations, including changes in the proteomics and genomics landscape of the tumour cells. Therefore, there is a need to identify the proteomic landscape of pancreatic cancer and the specific genomic and molecular alterations associated with disease subtypes. Here, we carry out an integrative bioinformatics analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset, including proteomics and whole-exome sequencing data collected from pancreatic cancer patients. We apply unsupervised clustering on the proteomics dataset to reveal the two distinct subtypes of pancreatic cancer. Using functional and pathway analysis based on the proteomics data, we demonstrate the different molecular processes and signalling aberrations of the pancreatic cancer subtypes. In addition, we explore the clinical characteristics of these subtypes to show differences in disease outcome. Using datasets of mutations and copy number alterations, we show that various signalling pathways previously associated with pancreatic cancer are altered among both subtypes of pancreatic tumours, including the Wnt pathway, Notch pathway and PI3K-mTOR pathways. Altogether, we reveal the proteogenomic landscape of pancreatic cancer subtypes and the altered molecular processes that can be leveraged to devise more effective treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doris Kafita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Panji Nkhoma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Mildred Zulu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Musalula Sinkala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Although pancreatic cancer remains to be a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in many industrialized countries, there have been major advances in research over the past two decades that provided a detailed insight into the molecular and developmental processes that govern the genesis of this highly malignant tumor type. There is a continuous need for the development and analysis of preclinical and genetically engineered pancreatic cancer models to study the biological significance of new molecular targets that are identified using various genome-wide approaches and to better understand the mechanisms by which they contribute to pancreatic cancer onset and progression. Following an introduction into the etiology of pancreatic cancer, the molecular subtypes, and key signaling pathways, this review provides an overview of the broad spectrum of models for pancreatic cancer research. In addition to conventional and patient-derived xenografting, this review highlights major milestones in the development of chemical carcinogen-induced and genetically engineered animal models to study pancreatic cancer. Particular emphasis was placed on selected research findings of ligand-controlled tumor models and current efforts to develop genetically engineered strains to gain insight into the biological functions of genes at defined developmental stages during cancer initiation and metastatic progression.
Collapse
|
28
|
Dujardin P, Baginska AK, Urban S, Grüner BM. Unraveling Tumor Heterogeneity by Using DNA Barcoding Technologies to Develop Personalized Treatment Strategies in Advanced-Stage PDAC. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4187. [PMID: 34439341 PMCID: PMC8394487 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity is a hallmark of many solid tumors, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and an inherent consequence of the clonal evolution of cancers. As such, it is considered the underlying concept of many characteristics of the disease, including the ability to metastasize, adapt to different microenvironments, and to develop therapy resistance. Undoubtedly, the high mortality of PDAC can be attributed to a high extent to these properties. Despite its apparent importance, studying tumor heterogeneity has been a challenging task, mainly due to its complexity and lack of appropriate methods. However, in recent years molecular DNA barcoding has emerged as a sophisticated tool that allows mapping of individual cells or subpopulations in a cell pool to study heterogeneity and thus devise new personalized treatment strategies. In this review, we provide an overview of genetic and non-genetic inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity and its impact on (personalized) treatment strategies in PDAC and address how DNA barcoding technologies work and can be applied to study this clinically highly relevant question.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Dujardin
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen at the University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.B.); (S.U.)
| | - Anna K. Baginska
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen at the University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.B.); (S.U.)
| | - Sebastian Urban
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen at the University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.B.); (S.U.)
| | - Barbara M. Grüner
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen at the University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.B.); (S.U.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, 45147 Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mammarella E, Zampieri C, Panatta E, Melino G, Amelio I. NUAK2 and RCan2 participate in the p53 mutant pro-tumorigenic network. Biol Direct 2021; 16:11. [PMID: 34348766 PMCID: PMC8335924 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Most inactivating mutations in TP53 gene generates neomorphic forms of p53 proteins that experimental evidence and clinical observations suggest to exert gain-of-function effects. While massive effort has been deployed in the dissection of wild type p53 transcriptional programme, p53 mutant pro-tumorigenic gene network is still largely elusive. To help dissecting the molecular basis of p53 mutant GOF, we performed an analysis of a fully annotated genomic and transcriptomic human pancreatic adenocarcinoma to select candidate players of p53 mutant network on the basis their differential expression between p53 mutant and p53 wild-type cohorts and their prognostic value. We identified NUAK2 and RCan2 whose p53 mutant GOF-dependent regulation was further validated in pancreatic cancer cellular model. Our data demonstrated that p53R270H can physically bind RCan2 gene locus in regulatory regions corresponding to the chromatin permissive areas where known binding partners of p53 mutant, such as p63 and Srebp, bind. Overall, starting from clinically relevant data and progressing into experimental validation, our work suggests NUAK2 and RCan2 as novel candidate players of the p53 mutant pro-tumorigenic network whose prognostic and therapeutic interest might attract future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Mammarella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlotta Zampieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Panatta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a genetic disease, and the recurrent genetic alterations characteristic of pancreatic cancer indicate the cellular processes that are targeted for malignant transformation. In addition to somatic alterations in the most common driver genes (KRAS, CDKN2A, TP53 and SMAD4), large-scale studies have revealed major roles for genetic alterations of the SWI/SNF and COMPASS complexes, copy number alterations in GATA6 and MYC that partially define phenotypes of pancreatic cancer, and the role(s) of polyploidy and chromothripsis as factors contributing to pancreatic cancer biology and progression. Germline variants that increase the risk of pancreatic cancer continue to be discovered along with a greater appreciation of the features of pancreatic cancers with mismatch repair deficiencies and homologous recombination deficiencies that confer sensitivity to therapeutic targeting. Wild-type KRAS pancreatic cancers, some of which are driven by alternative oncogenic events affecting NRG1 or NTRK1 - for which targeted therapies exist - further underscore that pancreatic cancer is formally entering the era of precision medicine. Given the vast developments within this field, here we review the wide-ranging and most current information related to pancreatic cancer genomics with the goal of integrating this information into a unifying description of the life history of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
31
|
Yur D, Lieser RM, Sullivan MO, Chen W. Engineering bionanoparticles for improved biosensing and bioimaging. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 71:41-48. [PMID: 34157601 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The importance of bioimaging and biosensing has been clear with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to viral detection, detection of tumors, glucose levels, and microbes is necessary for improved disease treatment and prevention. Bionanoparticles, such as extracellular vesicles and protein nanoparticles, are ideal platforms for biosensing and bioimaging applications because of their propensity for high density surface functionalization and large loading capacity. Scaffolding large numbers of sensing modules and detection modules onto bionanoparticles allows for enhanced analyte affinity and specificity as well as signal amplification for highly sensitive detection even at low analyte concentrations. Here we demonstrate the potential of bionanoparticles for bioimaging and biosensing by highlighting recent examples in literature that utilize protein nanoparticles and extracellular vesicles to generate highly sensitive detection devices with impressive signal amplification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Yur
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716 United States
| | - Rachel M Lieser
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716 United States
| | - Millicent O Sullivan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716 United States.
| | - Wilfred Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716 United States.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Romano R, Picca A, Eusebi LHU, Marzetti E, Calvani R, Moro L, Bucci C, Guerra F. Extracellular Vesicles and Pancreatic Cancer: Insights on the Roles of miRNA, lncRNA, and Protein Cargos in Cancer Progression. Cells 2021; 10:1361. [PMID: 34205944 PMCID: PMC8226820 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is among the most devastating digestive tract cancers worldwide. This cancer is characterized by poor diagnostic detection, lack of therapy, and difficulty in predicting tumorigenesis progression. Although mutations of key oncogenes and oncosuppressor involved in tumor growth and in immunosurveillance escape are known, the underlying mechanisms that orchestrate PC initiation and progression are poorly understood or still under debate. In recent years, the attention of many researchers has been concentrated on the role of extracellular vesicles and of a particular subset of extracellular vesicles, known as exosomes. Literature data report that these nanovesicles are able to deliver their cargos to recipient cells playing key roles in the pathogenesis and progression of many pancreatic precancerous conditions. In this review, we have summarized and discussed principal cargos of extracellular vesicles characterized in PC, such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and several proteins, to offer a systematic overview of their function in PC progression. The study of extracellular vesicles is allowing to understand that investigation of their secretion and analysis of their content might represent a new and potential diagnostic and prognostic tools for PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Romano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (E.M.); (R.C.)
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonardo Henry Umberto Eusebi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Sant’Orsola University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (E.M.); (R.C.)
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (E.M.); (R.C.)
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Loredana Moro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; or
- Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Feng Z, Li K, Lou J, Wu Y, Peng C. An EMT-Related Gene Signature for Predicting Response to Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:665161. [PMID: 33996821 PMCID: PMC8119901 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.665161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients, chemotherapy failure is the major reason for postoperative recurrence and poor outcomes. Establishment of novel biomarkers and models for predicting chemotherapeutic efficacy may provide survival benefits by tailoring treatments. Methods Univariate cox regression analysis was employed to identify EMT-related genes with prognostic potential for DFS. These genes were subsequently submitted to LASSO regression analysis and multivariate cox regression analysis to identify an optimal gene signature in TCGA training cohort. The predictive accuracy was assessed by Kaplan–Meier (K-M), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration curves and was validated in PACA-CA cohort and our local cohort. Pathway enrichment and function annotation analyses were conducted to illuminate the biological implication of this risk signature. Results LASSO and multivariate Cox regression analyses selected an 8-gene signature comprised DLX2, FGF9, IL6R, ITGB6, MYC, LGR5, S100A2, and TNFSF12. The signature had the capability to classify PDAC patients with different DFS, both in the training and validation cohorts. It provided improved DFS prediction compared with clinical indicators. This signature was associated with several cancer-related pathways. In addition, the signature could also predict the response to immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-based immunotherapy. Conclusion We established a novel EMT-related gene signature that was capable of predicting therapeutic response to adjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy. This signature might facilitate individualized treatment and appropriate management of PDAC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zengyu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kexian Li
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyao Lou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yulian Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenghong Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kaoutari AE, Fraunhoffer NA, Hoare O, Teyssedou C, Soubeyran P, Gayet O, Roques J, Lomberk G, Urrutia R, Dusetti N, Iovanna J. Metabolomic profiling of pancreatic adenocarcinoma reveals key features driving clinical outcome and drug resistance. EBioMedicine 2021; 66:103332. [PMID: 33862584 PMCID: PMC8054161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although significant advances have been made recently to characterize the biology of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), more efforts are needed to improve our understanding and to face challenges related to the aggressiveness, high mortality rate and chemoresistance of this disease. METHODS In this study, we perform the metabolomics profiling of 77 PDAC patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDTX) to investigate the relationship of metabolic profiles with overall survival (OS) in PDAC patients, tumor phenotypes and resistance to five anticancer drugs (gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, docetaxel, SN-38 and 5-Fluorouracil). FINDINGS We identified a metabolic signature that was able to predict the clinical outcome of PDAC patients (p < 0.001, HR=2.68 [95% CI: 1.5-4.9]). The correlation analysis showed that this metabolomic signature was significantly correlated with the PDAC molecular gradient (PAMG) (R = 0.44 and p < 0.001) indicating significant association to the transcriptomic phenotypes of tumors. Resistance score established, based on growth rate inhibition metrics using 35 PDTX-derived primary cells, allowed to identify several metabolites related to drug resistance which was globally accompanied by accumulation of several diacy-phospholipids and decrease in lysophospholipids. Interestingly, targeting glycerophospholipid synthesis improved sensitivity to the three tested cytotoxic drugs indicating that interfering with metabolism could be a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome the challenging resistance of PDAC. INTERPRETATION In conclusion, this study shows that the metabolomic profile of pancreatic PDTX models is strongly associated to clinical outcome, transcriptomic phenotypes and drug resistance. We also showed that targeting the lipidomic profile could be used in combinatory therapies against chemoresistance in PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdessamad El Kaoutari
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France; COMPO unit, Inria Sophia Antipolis and CRCM, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas A Fraunhoffer
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Owen Hoare
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Carlos Teyssedou
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Soubeyran
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Odile Gayet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Roques
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Gwen Lomberk
- Genomics and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Raul Urrutia
- Genomics and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Nelson Dusetti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France.
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Combating pancreatic cancer chemoresistance by triggering multiple cell death pathways. Pancreatology 2021; 21:522-529. [PMID: 33516629 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer-associated death in western countries, where the incidence and number of deaths are increasing every year. Intrinsic or acquired resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapy agents is the major reason for failure of traditional cancer treatment. Several factors are implicated in this impressive resistance; however, of these, it is important to highlight the extensive cellular heterogeneity of these tumors. This heterogeneity is linked to a wide range of sensitivity that different clones in the same tumor display to chemotherapeutic agents. Accordingly, recent findings in this field have discovered new therapeutic targets in order to develop new combinatory treatments, as well as to induce several cell death pathways and reduce therapy-threshold and likelihood of future resistance. Accordingly, recent research has focused on targeting mitochondria, an organelle with key roles regulating cell death signaling pathways, such as apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, or parthanatos. These findings - identifying new compounds, alone or in combination, that can target pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell resistance - could be the key to future treatments.
Collapse
|
36
|
Sagami R, Yamao K, Nakahodo J, Minami R, Tsurusaki M, Murakami K, Amano Y. Pre-Operative Imaging and Pathological Diagnosis of Localized High-Grade Pancreatic Intra-Epithelial Neoplasia without Invasive Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050945. [PMID: 33668239 PMCID: PMC7956417 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) arises from precursor lesions, such as pancreatic intra-epithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). The prognosis of high-grade precancerous lesions, including high-grade PanIN and high-grade IPMN, without invasive carcinoma is good, despite the overall poor prognosis of PDAC. High-grade PanIN, as a lesion preceding invasive PDAC, is therefore a primary target for intervention. However, detection of localized high-grade PanIN is difficult when using standard radiological approaches. Therefore, most studies of high-grade PanIN have been conducted using specimens that harbor invasive PDAC. Recently, imaging characteristics of high-grade PanIN have been revealed. Obstruction of the pancreatic duct due to high-grade PanIN may induce a loss of acinar cells replaced by fibrosis and lobular parenchymal atrophy. These changes and additional inflammation around the branch pancreatic ducts (BPDs) result in main pancreatic duct (MPD) stenosis, dilation, retention cysts (BPD dilation), focal pancreatic parenchymal atrophy, and/or hypoechoic changes around the MPD. These indirect imaging findings have become important clues for localized, high-grade PanIN detection. To obtain pre-operative histopathological confirmation of suspected cases, serial pancreatic-juice aspiration cytologic examination is effective. In this review, we outline current knowledge on imaging characteristics of high-grade PanIN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Sagami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oita San-ai Medical Center, 1213 Oaza Ichi, Oita, Oita 870-1151, Japan
- Pancreatic Cancer Research for Secure Salvage Young Investigators (PASSYON), Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; (K.Y.); (J.N.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-97-541-1311; Fax: +81-97-541-5218
| | - Kentaro Yamao
- Pancreatic Cancer Research for Secure Salvage Young Investigators (PASSYON), Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; (K.Y.); (J.N.); (R.M.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Jun Nakahodo
- Pancreatic Cancer Research for Secure Salvage Young Investigators (PASSYON), Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; (K.Y.); (J.N.); (R.M.)
- Department of Gastroenterology Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Center Komagome Hospital, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan
| | - Ryuki Minami
- Pancreatic Cancer Research for Secure Salvage Young Investigators (PASSYON), Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; (K.Y.); (J.N.); (R.M.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tenri Hospital, 200 Mishimacho, Tenri, Nara 632-0015, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Tsurusaki
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan;
| | - Kazunari Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasamacho, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan;
| | - Yuji Amano
- Department of Endoscopy, Urawa Kyosai Hospital, 3-15-31 Harayama, Midoriku, Saitama 336-0931, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lokshin A, Bast RC, Rodland K. Circulating Cancer Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:802. [PMID: 33671847 PMCID: PMC7918137 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is among the major public health problems worldwide, representing the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lokshin
- Departments of Pathology, Medicine, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Robert C. Bast
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Unit 1439, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Karin Rodland
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA;
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97221, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yu J, Ploner A, Kordes M, Löhr M, Nilsson M, de Maturana MEL, Estudillo L, Renz H, Carrato A, Molero X, Real FX, Malats N, Ye W. Plasma protein biomarkers for early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:2048-2058. [PMID: 33411965 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis, mainly due to late diagnosis at advanced tumor stages. In this study, we aimed to identify plasma protein biomarkers for early detection of PDAC. Totally, 135 PDAC patients (early PDAC, Stage I/II, n = 71; advanced PDAC, Stage III/IV, n = 64), 13 benign lesions/chronic pancreatitis patients and 72 healthy individuals, with corresponding plasma samples from a case-control study in Sweden were included. A proximity extension assay was used to detect 92 cancer-related proteins, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay/electrochemiluminescence immunoassay was used to detect CA19-9. Predictive features were selected from these 93 candidate proteins and three covariates in the Swedish participants, and then validated in Spanish participants, including 37 early PDAC patients, 38 advanced PDAC patients, 19 chronic pancreatitis patients and 36 healthy controls. A panel of eight proteins discriminating early PDAC from healthy individuals was identified, and the cross-validated area under the curves (AUCs) were 0.85 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI, 0.78-0.91) and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.70-0.92) in the Swedish and Spanish participants, respectively. Another eight-protein panel was predictive for classifying advanced PDAC from healthy controls in two populations, with cross-validated AUCs of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.83-0.95) and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.83-0.98), respectively. In conclusion, eight protein biomarkers were identified and externally validated, potentially allowing early detection of PDAC patients if validated in additional prospective studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Yu
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Ploner
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maximilian Kordes
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias Löhr
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Lidia Estudillo
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), and CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alfredo Carrato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Molero
- Exocrine Pancreas Research Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Autonomous University of Barcelona, and CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco X Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), and CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Malats
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), and CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics & Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yu Y, Yang G, Huang H, Fu Z, Cao Z, Zheng L, You L, Zhang T. Preclinical models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: challenges and opportunities in the era of precision medicine. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:8. [PMID: 33402215 PMCID: PMC7783994 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely lethal malignancy, with an average 5-year survival rate of 9% (Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Ca Cancer J Clin. 2019;69(1):7-34). The steady increase in mortality rate indicates limited efficacy of the conventional regimen. The heterogeneity of PDAC calls for personalized treatment in clinical practice, which requires the construction of a preclinical system for generating patient-derived models. Currently, the lack of high-quality preclinical models results in ineffective translation of novel targeted therapeutics. This review summarizes applications of commonly used models, discusses major difficulties in PDAC model construction and provides recommendations for integrating workflows for precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ziyao Fu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lianfang Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Exosomal long non-coding RNAs in the diagnosis and oncogenesis of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 501:55-65. [PMID: 33359452 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles, specifically exosomes, play a significant role as an extracellular messenger through their transporting cargo. Of particular interest are the potential roles they play in pancreatic cancer, one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma displays high chemo-resistance and metastatic ability, which may be influenced by cancer-derived exosomes carrying proteins, lipids and RNA. To date, among the most extensively examined exosomal molecular cargo there are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that, despite the increasing interest in their role and functions, are relatively poorly understood compared to other RNA transcripts. Nevertheless, we have witnessed an increasing interest for lncRNAs roles and functions in the past decade. For example, lncRNAs have been investigated as potential biomarkers for diagnosing pancreatic cancer and may have a role as therapeutics targets for precision medicine, but may also directly intervene in tumour progression features such as metastasis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition and resistance of cancer cells towards chemotherapy agents. The function of lncRNAs within various cancer exosomes is still undefined. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on pancreatic cancer-derived exosome specific lncRNAs having prominent roles in genome integrity, pancreatic cancer progression and in other oncogenic hallmarks.
Collapse
|
41
|
Shibayama Y, Takahashi K, Yamaguchi H, Yasuda J, Yamazaki D, Rahman A, Fujimori T, Fujisawa Y, Takai S, Furukawa T, Nakagawa T, Ohsaki H, Kobara H, Wong JH, Masaki T, Yuzawa Y, Kiyomoto H, Yachida S, Fujimoto A, Nishiyama A. Aberrant (pro)renin receptor expression induces genomic instability in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through upregulation of SMARCA5/SNF2H. Commun Biol 2020; 3:724. [PMID: 33247206 PMCID: PMC7695732 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01434-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(Pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] has a role in various diseases, such as cardiovascular and renal disorders and cancer. Aberrant (P)RR expression is prevalent in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) which is the most common pancreatic cancer. Here we show whether aberrant expression of (P)RR directly leads to genomic instability in human pancreatic ductal epithelial (HPDE) cells. (P)RR-expressing HPDE cells show obvious cellular atypia. Whole genome sequencing reveals that aberrant (P)RR expression induces large numbers of point mutations and structural variations at the genome level. A (P)RR-expressing cell population exhibits tumour-forming ability, showing both atypical nuclei characterised by distinctive nuclear bodies and chromosomal abnormalities. (P)RR overexpression upregulates SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF)-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 5 (SMARCA5) through a direct molecular interaction, which results in the failure of several genomic stability pathways. These data reveal that aberrant (P)RR expression contributes to the early carcinogenesis of PDAC. Yuki Shibayama et al. find that high expression of (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] in human pancreatic ductal cells causes increased genomic instability, leading to the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. They show that (P)RR exerts its carcinogenic effects through direct binding and activation of the chromatin regulator SMARCA5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Shibayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takahashi
- Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hisateru Yamaguchi
- Division of Biomedical Polymer Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.,Department of Medical Technology, School of Nursing and Medical Care, Yokkaichi Nursing and Medical Care University, Mie, 512-8045, Japan
| | - Jun Yasuda
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan.,Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Miyagi, 981-1293, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamazaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Asadur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fujimori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.,Fujimori Clinic for Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Kagawa, 761-8075, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Fujisawa
- Health Science Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Shinji Takai
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Toru Furukawa
- Department of Investigative Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakagawa
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohsaki
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Hideki Kobara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Jing Hao Wong
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yukio Yuzawa
- Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hideyasu Kiyomoto
- Community Medical Support, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yachida
- Department of Cancer Genome Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akihiro Fujimoto
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Niu J, Wang X, Qu J, Mager DE, Straubinger RM. Pharmacodynamic modeling of synergistic birinapant/paclitaxel interactions in pancreatic cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1024. [PMID: 33097020 PMCID: PMC7583190 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For most patients, pancreatic adenocarcinoma responds poorly to treatment, and novel therapeutic approaches are needed. Standard-of-care paclitaxel (PTX), combined with birinapant (BRP), a bivalent mimetic of the apoptosis antagonist SMAC (second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases), exerts synergistic killing of PANC-1 human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Methods To investigate potential mechanisms underlying this synergistic pharmacodynamic interaction, data capturing PANC-1 cell growth, apoptosis kinetics, and cell cycle distribution were integrated with high-quality IonStar-generated proteomic data capturing changes in the relative abundance of more than 3300 proteins as the cells responded to the two drugs, alone and combined. Results PTX alone (15 nM) elicited dose-dependent G2/M-phase arrest and cellular polyploidy. Combined BRP/PTX (150/15 nM) reduced G2/M by 35% and polyploid cells by 45%, and increased apoptosis by 20%. Whereas BRP or PTX alone produced no change in the pro-apoptotic protein pJNK, and a slight increase in the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2, the drug combination increased pJNK and decreased Bcl2 significantly compared to the vehicle control. A multi-scale, mechanism-based mathematical model was developed to investigate integrated birinapant/paclitaxel effects on temporal profiles of key proteins involved in kinetics of cell growth, death, and cell cycle distribution. Conclusions The model, consistent with the observed reduction in the Bcl2/BAX ratio, suggests that BRP-induced apoptosis of mitotically-arrested cells is a major contributor to the synergy between BRP and PTX. Coupling proteomic and cellular response profiles with multi-scale pharmacodynamic modeling provides a quantitative mechanistic framework for evaluating pharmacodynamically-based drug-drug interactions in combination chemotherapy, and could potentially guide the development of promising drug regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Niu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA.,New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA.,New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Donald E Mager
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Robert M Straubinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA. .,New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, 14214, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gao HL, Wang WQ, Yu XJ, Liu L. Molecular drivers and cells of origin in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma. Exp Hematol Oncol 2020; 9:28. [PMID: 33101770 PMCID: PMC7579802 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-020-00184-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The two major histological subtypes of pancreatic cancer are pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), accounting for 90% of all cases, and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (PanNEN), which makes up 3-5% of all cases. PanNEN is classified into well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor and poorly-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (PanNEC). Although PDAC and PanNEN are commonly thought to be different diseases with distinct biology, cell of origin, and genomic abnormalities, the idea that PDAC and PanNEC share common cells of origin has been gaining support. This is substantiated by evidence that the molecular profiling of PanNEC is genetically and phenotypically related to PDAC. In the current review, we summarize published studies pointing to common potential cells of origin and speculate about how the distinct paths of differentiation are determined by the genomic patterns of each disease. We also discuss the overlap between PDAC and PanNEC, which has been noted in clinical observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He-Li Gao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 20032 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Quan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 20032 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian-Jun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 20032 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 20032 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Paoli C, Carrer A. Organotypic Culture of Acinar Cells for the Study of Pancreatic Cancer Initiation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2606. [PMID: 32932616 PMCID: PMC7564199 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The carcinogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) progresses according to multi-step evolution, whereby the disease acquires increasingly aggressive pathological features. On the other hand, disease inception is poorly investigated. Decoding the cascade of events that leads to oncogenic transformation is crucial to design strategies for early diagnosis as well as to tackle tumor onset. Lineage-tracing experiments demonstrated that pancreatic cancerous lesions originate from acinar cells, a highly specialized cell type in the pancreatic epithelium. Primary acinar cells can survive in vitro as organoid-like 3D spheroids, which can transdifferentiate into cells with a clear ductal morphology in response to different cell- and non-cell-autonomous stimuli. This event, termed acinar-to-ductal metaplasia, recapitulates the histological and molecular features of disease initiation. Here, we will discuss the isolation and culture of primary pancreatic acinar cells, providing a historical and technical perspective. The impact of pancreatic cancer research will also be debated. In particular, we will dissect the roles of transcriptional, epigenetic, and metabolic reprogramming for tumor initiation and we will show how that can be modeled using ex vivo acinar cell cultures. Finally, mechanisms of PDA initiation described using organotypical cultures will be reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Paoli
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129 Padova, Italy;
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Carrer
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129 Padova, Italy;
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35129 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Juiz N, Elkaoutari A, Bigonnet M, Gayet O, Roques J, Nicolle R, Iovanna J, Dusetti N. Basal-like and classical cells coexist in pancreatic cancer revealed by single-cell analysis on biopsy-derived pancreatic cancer organoids from the classical subtype. FASEB J 2020; 34:12214-12228. [PMID: 32686876 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000363rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is composed of stromal, immune, and cancerous epithelial cells. Transcriptomic analysis of the epithelial compartment allows classification into different phenotypic subtypes as classical and basal-like. However, little is known about the intra-tumor heterogeneity particularly in the epithelial compartment. Growing evidences suggest that this phenotypic segregation is not so precise and different cancerous cell types may coexist in a single tumor. To test this hypothesis, we performed single-cell transcriptomic analyses using combinational barcoding exclusively on epithelial cells from six different classical PDAC patients obtained by Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) with Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA). To purify the epithelial compartment, PDAC were grown as biopsy-derived pancreatic cancer organoids. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis allowed the identification of four main cell clusters present in different proportions in all tumors. Remarkably, although all these tumors were classified as classical, one cluster present in all corresponded to a basal-like phenotype. These results reveal an unanticipated high heterogeneity of pancreatic cancers and demonstrate that basal-like cells, which have a highly aggressive phenotype, are more widespread than expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Juiz
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Abdessamad Elkaoutari
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Martin Bigonnet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Odile Gayet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Roques
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Rémy Nicolle
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Nelson Dusetti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Evidencing a Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Subpopulation Sensitive to the Proteasome Inhibitor Carfilzomib. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5506-5519. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
47
|
Lowder CY, Dhir T, Goetz AB, Thomsett HL, Bender J, Tatarian T, Madhavan S, Petricoin EF, Blais E, Lavu H, Winter JM, Posey J, Brody JR, Pishvaian MJ, Yeo CJ. A step towards personalizing next line therapy for resected pancreatic and related cancer patients: A single institution's experience. Surg Oncol 2020; 33:118-125. [PMID: 32561076 PMCID: PMC7498307 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: There is a lack of precision medicine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) and related cancers, and outcomes for patients with this diagnosis remain poor despite decades of research investigating this disease. Therefore, it is necessary to explore novel therapeutic options for these patients who may benefit from personalized therapies. Objective: Molecular profiling of hepatopancreaticobiliary malignancies at our institution, including but not limited to PDA, was initiated to assess the feasibility of incorporating molecular profiling results into patient oncological therapy planning. Methods: All eligible patients from Thomas Jefferson University (TJU) with hepatopancreaticobiliary tumors including PDA, who agreed to molecular testing profiling, were prospectively enrolled in a registry study from December 2014 to September 2017 and their tumor samples were tested to identify molecular markers that can be used to guide therapy options in the future. Next generation sequencing (NGS) and protein expression in tumor samples were tested at CLIA-certified laboratories. Prospective clinicopathologic data were extracted from medical records and compiled in a de-identified fashion. Results: Seventy eight (78) patients were enrolled in the study, which included 65/78 patients with PDA (local and metastatic) and out of that subset, 52/65 patients had surgically resected PDA. Therapy recommendations were generated based on molecular and clinicopathologic data for all enrolled patients. NGS uncovered actionable alterations in 25/52 surgically resected PDAs (48%) which could be used to guide therapy options in the future. High expression of three proteins, TS (p ¼ 0.005), ERCC1 (p = 0.001), and PD-1 (p = 0.04), was associated with reduced recurrence-free survival (RFS), while TP53 mutations were correlated with longer RFS (p = 0.01). Conclusions: The goal of this study was to implement a stepwise strategy to identify and profile resected PDAs at our institution. Consistent with previous studies, approximately half of patients with resected PDA harbor actionable mutations with possible targeted therapeutic implications. Ongoing studies will determine the clinical value of identifying these mutations in patients with resected PDA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinthya Y Lowder
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Teena Dhir
- The Jefferson Pancreatic, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Austin B Goetz
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Henry L Thomsett
- The Jefferson Pancreatic, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Talar Tatarian
- The Jefferson Pancreatic, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Subha Madhavan
- Perthera, Inc, McLean, VA, USA; The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Harish Lavu
- The Jefferson Pancreatic, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jordan M Winter
- University Hospital Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James Posey
- The Jefferson Pancreatic, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan R Brody
- The Jefferson Pancreatic, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Pishvaian
- Perthera, Inc, McLean, VA, USA; The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles J Yeo
- The Jefferson Pancreatic, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sarsour EH, Son JM, Kalen AL, Xiao W, Du J, Alexander MS, O'Leary BR, Cullen JJ, Goswami PC. Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid contribute to stromal aging-induced progression of pancreatic cancer. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6946-6957. [PMID: 32265301 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of pancreatic cancer increases with age, suggesting that chronological aging is a significant risk factor for this disease. Fibroblasts are the major nonmalignant cell type in the stroma of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this study, we investigated whether the chronological aging of normal human fibroblasts (NHFs), a previously underappreciated area in pancreatic cancer research, influences the progression and therapeutic outcomes of PDAC. Results from experiments with murine xenografts and 2D and 3D co-cultures of NHFs and PDAC cells revealed that older NHFs stimulate proliferation of and confer resistance to radiation therapy of PDAC. MS-based metabolite analysis indicated that older NHFs have significantly increased arachidonic acid 12-lipoxygenase (ALOX12) expression and elevated levels of its mitogenic metabolite, 12-(S)-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-(S)-HETE) compared with their younger counterparts. In co-cultures with older rather than with younger NHFs, PDAC cells exhibited increases in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and cellular metabolism, as well as a lower oxidation state that correlated with their enhanced proliferation and resistance to radiation therapy. Expression of ALOX12 was found to be significantly lower in PDAC cell lines and tumor biopsies, suggesting that PDAC cells rely on a stromal supply of mitogens for their proliferative needs. Pharmacological (hydroxytyrosol) and molecular (siRNA) interventions of ALOX12 in older NHFs suppressed their ability to stimulate proliferation of PDAC cells. We conclude that chronological aging of NHFs contributes to PDAC progression and that ALOX12 and 12-(S)-HETE may be potential stromal targets for interventions that seek to halt progression and improve therapy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehab H Sarsour
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, Kansas City, Missouri 90089
| | - Jyung Mean Son
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 64106
| | - Amanda L Kalen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Wusheng Xiao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | | | - Brianne R O'Leary
- Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Joseph J Cullen
- Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Prabhat C Goswami
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sadeghi M, Ordway B, Rafiei I, Borad P, Fang B, Koomen JL, Zhang C, Yoder S, Johnson J, Damaghi M. Integrative Analysis of Breast Cancer Cells Reveals an Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Role in Adaptation to Acidic Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:304. [PMID: 32211331 PMCID: PMC7076123 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early ducts of breast tumors are unequivocally acidic. High rates of glycolysis combined with poor perfusion lead to a congestion of acidic metabolites in the tumor microenvironment, and pre-malignant cells must adapt to this acidosis to thrive. Adaptation to acidosis selects cancer cells that can thrive in harsh conditions and are capable of outgrowing the normal or non-adapted neighbors. This selection is usually accompanied by phenotypic change. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the most important switches correlated to malignant tumor cell phenotype and has been shown to be induced by tumor acidosis. New evidence shows that the EMT switch is not a binary system and occurs on a spectrum of transition states. During confirmation of the EMT phenotype, our results demonstrated a partial EMT phenotype in our acid-adapted cell population. Using RNA sequencing and network analysis we found 10 dysregulated network motifs in acid-adapted breast cancer cells playing a role in EMT. Our further integrative analysis of RNA sequencing and SILAC proteomics resulted in recognition of S100B and S100A6 proteins at both the RNA and protein level. Higher expression of S100B and S100A6 was validated in vitro by Immunocytochemistry. We further validated our finding both in vitro and in patients' samples by IHC analysis of Tissue Microarray (TMA). Correlation analysis of S100A6 and LAMP2b as marker of acidosis in each patient from Moffitt TMA approved the acid related role of S100A6 in breast cancer patients. Also, DCIS patients with higher expression of S100A6 showed lower survival compared to lower expression. We propose essential roles of acid adaptation in cancer cells EMT process through S100 proteins such as S100A6 that can be used as therapeutic strategy targeting both acid-adapted and malignant phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sadeghi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Bryce Ordway
- Department of Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ilyia Rafiei
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Punit Borad
- Department of Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Bin Fang
- Proteomics Core, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - John L Koomen
- Proteomics Core, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Chaomei Zhang
- Molecular Biology Core, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Sean Yoder
- Molecular Biology Core, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Joseph Johnson
- Microscopy Core, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Mehdi Damaghi
- Department of Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lim CH, Cho YS, Choi JY, Lee KH, Lee JK, Min JH, Hyun SH. Imaging phenotype using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-based radiomics and genetic alterations of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:2113-2122. [PMID: 32002592 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine if major gene mutations including in KRAS, SMAD4, TP53, and CDKN2A were related to imaging phenotype using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)-based radiomics in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). METHODS Data on 48 PDAC patients with pretreatment FDG PET/CT who underwent genomic analysis of their tumor tissue were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 35 unique quantitative radiomic features were extracted from PET images, including imaging phenotypes such as pixel intensity, shape, and textural features. Targeted exome sequencing using a customized cancer panel was used for genomic analysis. To assess the predictive performance of genetic alteration using PET-based radiomics, areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were used. RESULTS Mutation frequencies were KRAS 87.5%, TP53 70.8%, SMAD4 25.0%, and CDKN2A 18.8%. KRAS gene mutations were significantly associated with low-intensity textural features, including long-run emphasis (AUC = 0.806), zone emphasis (AUC = 0.794), and large-zone emphasis (AUC = 0.829). SMAD4 gene mutations showed significant relationships with standardized uptake value skewness (AUC = 0.727), long-run emphasis (AUC = 0.692), and high-intensity textural features such as run emphasis (AUC = 0.775), short-run emphasis (AUC = 0.736), zone emphasis (AUC = 0.750), and short-zone emphasis (AUC = 0.725). No significant associations were seen between the imaging phenotypes and genetic alterations in TP53 and CDKN2A. CONCLUSION Genetic alterations of KRAS and SMAD4 had significant associations with FDG PET-based radiomic features in PDAC. PET-based radiomics may help clinicians predict genetic alteration status in a noninvasive way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chae Hong Lim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Young Seok Cho
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Joon Young Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Han Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Jong Kyun Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hye Min
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyup Hyun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|