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Li R, Dong X, Chen S, Tan J, Chen X, Liu J, Wen T, Ru X. Tn antigen promotes breast cancer metastasis via impairment of CASC4. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:1854-1867. [PMID: 37493437 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most serious and deadly cancers in women worldwide, with distant metastases being the leading cause of death. Tn antigen, a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen, was frequently detected in breast cancer, but its exact role in breast cancer metastasis has not been well elucidated. Here we investigated the impact of Tn antigen expression on breast cancer metastasis and its underlying mechanisms. The expression of Tn antigen was induced in two breast cancer cell lines by deleting T-synthase or Cosmc, both of which are required for normal O-glycosylation. It showed that Tn-expressing cancer cells promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastatic features as compared to Tn(-) control cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that cancer susceptibility candidate 4 (CASC4), a heavily O-glycosylated protein, was significantly downregulated in both Tn(+) cells. Overexpression of CASC4 suppressed Tn-induced activation of EMT and cancer metastasis via inhibition of Cdc42 signaling. Furthermore, we confirmed that O-glycosylation is essential for the functional role of CASC4 because defective O-glycosylated CASC4 (mutant CASC4, which lacks nine O-glycosylation sites) exerted marginal metastatic-suppressing effects in comparison with WT CASC4. Collectively, these data suggest that Tn-mediated aberrant O-glycosylation contributes to breast cancer metastasis via impairment of CASC4 expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Li
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xichen Dong
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibin Chen
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Tan
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wen
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Ru
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Wei M, Su M, Du Z, Dong J, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Li X, Su L, Liu X. DIRAS3 enhances RNF19B-mediated RAC1 ubiquitination and degradation in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. iScience 2023; 26:107157. [PMID: 37485351 PMCID: PMC10362343 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Distant metastasis remains the leading cause of high mortality in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). DIRAS3 is a candidate tumor suppressor protein that is decreased in various tumors. However, the regulatory mechanism of DIRAS3 on metastasis of NSCLC remains unclear. Here, we found that DIRAS3 suppressed the migration of NSCLC cells. Besides, DIRAS3 stimulated the polyubiquitination of RAC1 and suppressed its protein expression. Furthermore, RNF19B, a member of the RBR E3 ubiquitin ligase family, was observed to be the E3 ligase involved in the DIRAS3-induced polyubiquitination of RAC1. DIRAS3 could promote the binding of RAC1 and RNF19B, thus enhancing the degradation of RAC1 by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Finally, the DIRAS3-RNF19B-RAC1 axis was confirmed to be associated with the malignant progression of NSCLC. These findings may be beneficial for developing potential prognostic markers of NSCLC and may provide an effective treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Minli Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Su
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiyuan Du
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiaxi Dong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingdi Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ling Su
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangguo Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Beyond Genetics: Metastasis as an Adaptive Response in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116271. [PMID: 35682953 PMCID: PMC9181003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic disease represents the primary cause of breast cancer (BC) mortality, yet it is still one of the most enigmatic processes in the biology of this tumor. Metastatic progression includes distinct phases: invasion, intravasation, hematogenous dissemination, extravasation and seeding at distant sites, micro-metastasis formation and metastatic outgrowth. Whole-genome sequencing analyses of primary BC and metastases revealed that BC metastatization is a non-genetically selected trait, rather the result of transcriptional and metabolic adaptation to the unfavorable microenvironmental conditions which cancer cells are exposed to (e.g., hypoxia, low nutrients, endoplasmic reticulum stress and chemotherapy administration). In this regard, the latest multi-omics analyses unveiled intra-tumor phenotypic heterogeneity, which determines the polyclonal nature of breast tumors and constitutes a challenge for clinicians, correlating with patient poor prognosis. The present work reviews BC classification and epidemiology, focusing on the impact of metastatic disease on patient prognosis and survival, while describing general principles and current in vitro/in vivo models of the BC metastatic cascade. The authors address here both genetic and phenotypic intrinsic heterogeneity of breast tumors, reporting the latest studies that support the role of the latter in metastatic spreading. Finally, the review illustrates the mechanisms underlying adaptive stress responses during BC metastatic progression.
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Discovering the Triad between Nav1.5, Breast Cancer, and the Immune System: A Fundamental Review and Future Perspectives. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020310. [PMID: 35204811 PMCID: PMC8869595 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nav1.5 is one of the nine voltage-gated sodium channel-alpha subunit (VGSC-α) family members. The Nav1.5 channel typically carries an inward sodium ion current that depolarises the membrane potential during the upstroke of the cardiac action potential. The neonatal isoform of Nav1.5, nNav1.5, is produced via VGSC-α alternative splicing. nNav1.5 is known to potentiate breast cancer metastasis. Despite their well-known biological functions, the immunological perspectives of these channels are poorly explored. The current review has attempted to summarise the triad between Nav1.5 (nNav1.5), breast cancer, and the immune system. To date, there is no such review available that encompasses these three components as most reviews focus on the molecular and pharmacological prospects of Nav1.5. This review is divided into three major subsections: (1) the review highlights the roles of Nav1.5 and nNav1.5 in potentiating the progression of breast cancer, (2) focuses on the general connection between breast cancer and the immune system, and finally (3) the review emphasises the involvements of Nav1.5 and nNav1.5 in the functionality of the immune system and the immunogenicity. Compared to the other subsections, section three is pretty unexploited; it would be interesting to study this subsection as it completes the triad.
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Joechle K, Guenzle J, Hellerbrand C, Strnad P, Cramer T, Neumann UP, Lang SA. Role of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 in primary and secondary liver cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1632-1647. [PMID: 34853640 PMCID: PMC8603445 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i11.1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) acts in two structurally and functionally distinct protein complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). Upon deregulation, activated mTOR signaling is associated with multiple processes involved in tumor growth and metastasis. Compared with mTORC1, much less is known about mTORC2 in cancer, mainly because of the unavailability of a selective inhibitor. However, existing data suggest that mTORC2 with its two distinct subunits Rictor and mSin1 might play a more important role than assumed so far. It is one of the key effectors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and stimulates cell growth, cell survival, metabolism, and cytoskeletal organization. It is not only implicated in tumor progression, metastasis, and the tumor microenvironment but also in resistance to therapy. Rictor, the central subunit of mTORC2, was found to be upregulated in different kinds of cancers and is associated with advanced tumor stages and a bad prognosis. Moreover, AKT, the main downstream regulator of mTORC2/Rictor, is one of the most highly activated proteins in cancer. Primary and secondary liver cancer are major problems for current cancer therapy due to the lack of specific medical treatment, emphasizing the need for further therapeutic options. This review, therefore, summarizes the role of mTORC2/Rictor in cancer, with special focus on primary liver cancer but also on liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Joechle
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälisch Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Jessica Guenzle
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Pavel Strnad
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälisch Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Thorsten Cramer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälisch Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Ulf Peter Neumann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälisch Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Sven Arke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälisch Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
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Hypermethylation of DLG3 Promoter Upregulates RAC1 and Activates the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway to Promote Breast Cancer Progression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8428130. [PMID: 34765009 PMCID: PMC8577895 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8428130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective This investigation aimed to figure out the relation between discs large homolog 3 (DLG3) expression and the progression and prognosis of breast cancer (BC). Methods qRT-PCR was utilized for confirming DLG3 expression and RAC1 mRNA expression in BC tissues and cells. Subsequently, after overexpression or interference of DLG3, the changes of the biological activities of BC cells, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis, were detected through CCK-8, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. Furthermore, western blotting was utilized to measure the protein expression of DLG3 and RAC1, as well as related proteins of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Results At both cellular and tissue level in BC, DLG3 was downregulated and methylation level was upregulated; RAC1 showed an opposite change and was of a negative correlation with DLG3. In MCF-7 and HCC1937, we found that the upregulation of DLG3 could inhibit RAC1 expression as well as cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT, while promoting apoptosis. Also, DLG3 inhibited the activation of the P13K/AKT pathway. Conclusion Hypermethylation of DLG3 promoter upregulates RAC1 and activates the PI3K/AKT pathway, thus promoting BC progression. This conclusion provides ideas and experimental basis for improving and treating BC patients.
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Lauri A, Fasano G, Venditti M, Dallapiccola B, Tartaglia M. In vivo Functional Genomics for Undiagnosed Patients: The Impact of Small GTPases Signaling Dysregulation at Pan-Embryo Developmental Scale. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:642235. [PMID: 34124035 PMCID: PMC8194860 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.642235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While individually rare, disorders affecting development collectively represent a substantial clinical, psychological, and socioeconomic burden to patients, families, and society. Insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders are required to speed up diagnosis, improve counseling, and optimize management toward targeted therapies. Genome sequencing is now unveiling previously unexplored genetic variations in undiagnosed patients, which require functional validation and mechanistic understanding, particularly when dealing with novel nosologic entities. Functional perturbations of key regulators acting on signals' intersections of evolutionarily conserved pathways in these pathological conditions hinder the fine balance between various developmental inputs governing morphogenesis and homeostasis. However, the distinct mechanisms by which these hubs orchestrate pathways to ensure the developmental coordinates are poorly understood. Integrative functional genomics implementing quantitative in vivo models of embryogenesis with subcellular precision in whole organisms contribute to answering these questions. Here, we review the current knowledge on genes and mechanisms critically involved in developmental syndromes and pediatric cancers, revealed by genomic sequencing and in vivo models such as insects, worms and fish. We focus on the monomeric GTPases of the RAS superfamily and their influence on crucial developmental signals and processes. We next discuss the effectiveness of exponentially growing functional assays employing tractable models to identify regulatory crossroads. Unprecedented sophistications are now possible in zebrafish, i.e., genome editing with single-nucleotide precision, nanoimaging, highly resolved recording of multiple small molecules activity, and simultaneous monitoring of brain circuits and complex behavioral response. These assets permit accurate real-time reporting of dynamic small GTPases-controlled processes in entire organisms, owning the potential to tackle rare disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Lauri
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Yang Y, Ma Y, Gao H, Peng T, Shi H, Tang Y, Li H, Chen L, Hu K, Han A. A novel HDGF-ALCAM axis promotes the metastasis of Ewing sarcoma via regulating the GTPases signaling pathway. Oncogene 2020; 40:731-745. [PMID: 33239755 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01485-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a type of highly aggressive pediatric tumor in bones and soft tissues and its metastatic spread remains the most powerful predictor of poor outcome. We previously identified that the transcription factor hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) promotes ES tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying ES metastasis remain unclear. Here, we show that HDGF drives ES metastasis in vitro and in vivo, and HDGF reduces metastasis-free survival (MFS) in two independent large cohorts of human ES patients. Integrative analyses of HDGF ChIP-seq and gene expression profiling in ES cells reveal that HDGF regulates multiple metastasis-associated genes, among which activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) emerges as a major HDGF target and a novel metastasis-suppressor in ES. HDGF down-regulates ALCAM, induces expression and activation of the downstream effectors Rho-GTPase Rac1 and Cdc42, and promotes actin cytoskeleton remodeling and cell-matrix adhesion. In addition, repression of ALCAM and activation of Rac1 and Cdc42 are required for the pro-metastatic functions of HDGF in vitro. Moreover, analyses in murine models with ES tumor orthotopic implantation and experimental metastasis, as well as in human ES samples, demonstrate the associations among HDGF, ALCAM, and GTPases expression levels. Furthermore, high HDGF/low ALCAM expression define a subgroup of patients harboring the worst MFS. These findings suggest that the HDGF/ALCAM/GTPases axis represents a promising therapeutic target for limiting ES metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yuedong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Huabin Gao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Tingsheng Peng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Huijuan Shi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yunxiang Tang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Kaishun Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P.R. China.
| | - Anjia Han
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China.
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Zhang Q, Zhao GS, Cao Y, Tang XF, Tan QL, Lin L, Guo QN. Increased DEF6 expression is correlated with metastasis and poor prognosis in human osteosarcoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1629-1640. [PMID: 32724404 PMCID: PMC7377196 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of high mortality in patients with osteosarcoma (OS). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of metastatic disease are yet to be determined. Differentially expressed in FDCP 6 homolog (DEF6) has been demonstrated to be correlated with the metastatic behavior of several cancers, such as breast, ovarian and colorectal cancers. However, the role of DEF6 in OS remains unknown. Accordingly, the current study aimed to investigate the relationship between DEF6 expression and the malignant behavior of OS. The results revealed that high levels of DEF6 in OS tissues were associated with advanced clinical stage and metastases. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry results predicted a poor prognosis in 58 human OS specimens. Additionally, DEF6 expression was reported to be upregulated in human OS cell lines compared with a normal osteoblast cell line. small interfering RNA transfection, cell proliferation and colony formation assays, wound healing assays and Transwell assays were performed. DEF6 was not identified to be a major driver of OS cell proliferation, but it significantly contributed to metastatic potential in vitro. In addition, bioinformatics, western blotting and immunohistochemistry results indicated that MMP9 expression was positively correlated with DEF6 expression in human OS. To summarize, the results revealed that increased levels of DEF6 were associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in human OS and that DEF6 expression is positively correlated with MMP9 expression. The results indicated that DEF6 may serve as a potential antimetastatic target for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Department of Pain and Rehabilitation, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Sheng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Ya Cao
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Feng Tang
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Lin Tan
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Lu Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Qiao-Nan Guo
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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Synthesis and screening of novel anthraquinone−quinazoline multitarget hybrids as promising anticancer candidates. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:111-126. [PMID: 31718309 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The EGF receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in multiple epithelial-derived cancers and is considered to be a vital target closely associated with cancer therapy. In this study, a series of novel anthraquinone−quinazoline hybrids targeting several vital sites for cancer therapy were designed and synthesized. Methodology & results: Most of the synthesized hybrids demonstrated excellent antiproliferative activity and downregulation of the expression of EGFR. The most promising compound 7d showed the strongest antiproliferation activity; this compound significantly downregulated the expression of p-EGFR protein, induced a remarkable apoptosis effect, promoted the rearrangement of F-actin filaments and destruction of cytoskeleton, induced DNA damage and enhanced radiosensitivity of A549 cells. Conclusion: The novel anthraquinone−quinazoline hybrid 7d emerges as an anticancer drug candidate with promising multitargeted biological activities.
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Liu C, Zhang L, Cui W, Du J, Li Z, Pang Y, Liu Q, Shang H, Meng L, Li W, Song L, Wang P, Xie Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, Hu J, Zhang W, Li F. Epigenetically upregulated GEFT-derived invasion and metastasis of rhabdomyosarcoma via epithelial mesenchymal transition promoted by the Rac1/Cdc42-PAK signalling pathway. EBioMedicine 2019; 50:122-134. [PMID: 31761617 PMCID: PMC6921210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metastasis of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the primary cause of tumour-related deaths. Previous studies have shown that overexpression of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor T (GEFT) is correlated with a poorer RMS prognosis, but the mechanism remains largely unexplored. Methods We focused on determining the influence of the GEFT-Rho-GTPase signalling pathway and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) or mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) on RMS progression and metastasis by using RMS cell lines, BALB/c nude mice and cells and molecular biology techniques. Findings GEFT promotes RMS cell viability, migration, and invasion; GEFT also inhibits the apoptosis of RMS cells and accelerates the growth and lung metastasis of RMS by activating the Rac1/Cdc42 pathways. Interestingly, GEFT upregulates the expression levels of N-cadherin, Snail, Slug, Twist, Zeb1, and Zeb2 and reduces expression level of E-cadherin. Thus, GEFT influences the expression of markers for EMT and MET in RMS cells via the Rac1/Cdc42-PAK1 pathways. We also found that the level of GEFT gene promoter methylation in RMS is lower than that in normal striated muscle tissue. Significant differences were observed in the level of GEFT gene methylation in different histological subtypes of RMS. Interpretation These findings suggest that GEFT accelerates the tumourigenicity and metastasis of RMS by activating Rac1/Cdc42-PAK signalling pathway-induced EMT; thus, it may serve as a novel therapeutic target. Fund This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81660441, 81460404, and 81160322) and Shihezi University Initiative Research Projects for Senior Fellows (RCZX201447). Funders had no role in the design of the study, data collection, data analysis, interpretation, or the writing of this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine and The Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, PR China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine and The Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Wenwen Cui
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine and The Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine and The Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine and The Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Yuwen Pang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine and The Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine and The Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Hao Shang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine and The Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Lian Meng
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine and The Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Wanyu Li
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine and The Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Lingxie Song
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine and The Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine and The Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Yuwen Xie
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine and The Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine and The Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine and The Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Jianming Hu
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine and The Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine and The Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine and The Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, PR China; Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China.
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12
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Yu W, Huang W, Yang Y, Qiu R, Zeng Y, Hou Y, Sun G, Shi H, Leng S, Feng D, Chen Y, Wang S, Teng X, Yu H, Wang Y. GATA3 recruits UTX for gene transcriptional activation to suppress metastasis of breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:832. [PMID: 31685800 PMCID: PMC6828764 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
GATA3 has emerged as a prominent transcription factor required for maintaining mammary-gland homeostasis. GATA3 loss is associated with aggressive breast cancer development, but the mechanism by which breast cancer is affected by the loss of GATA3 function remains unclear. Here, we report that GATA3 expression is positively correlated with the expression of UTX, a histone H3K27 demethylase contained in the MLL4 methyltransferase complex, and that GATA3 recruits the chromatin-remodeling MLL4 complex and interacts directly with UTX, ASH2L, and RBBP5. Using RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing, we demonstrate that the GATA3/UTX complex synergistically regulates a cohort of genes including Dicer and UTX, which are critically involved in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our results further show that the GATA3-UTX-Dicer axis inhibits EMT, invasion, and metastasis of breast cancer cells in vitro and the dissemination of breast cancer in vivo. Our study implicates the GATA3-UTX-Dicer axis in breast cancer metastasis and provides new mechanistic insights into the pathophysiological function of GATA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Yu
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Cardiovascular surgery center, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, 250022, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Rongfang Qiu
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zeng
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yongqiang Hou
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Gancheng Sun
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Hang Shi
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Leng
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Feng
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Cardiovascular surgery center, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, 250022, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Xu Teng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hefen Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, P.R. China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, P.R. China.
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13
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Xu T, He BS, Pan B, Pan YQ, Sun HL, Liu XX, Xu XN, Chen XX, Zeng KX, Xu M, Wang SK. MiR-142-3p functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting RAC1/PAK1 pathway in breast cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4928-4940. [PMID: 31674013 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-142-3p (miR-142-3p) was previously investigated in various cancers, whereas, it's role in breast cancer (BC) remains far from understood. In this study, we found that miR-142-3p was markedly decreased both in cell lines and BC tumor tissues. Elevated miR-142-3p expression suppressed growth and metastasis of BC cell lines via gain-of-function assay in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, miR-142-3p could regulate the ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) expression in protein level, which simultaneously suppressed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition related protein levels and the activity of PAK1 phosphorylation, respectively. In addition, rescue experiments revealed RAC1 overexpression could reverse tumor-suppressive role of miR-142-3p. Our results showed miR-142-3p could function as a tumor suppressor via targeting RAC1/PAK1 pathway in BC, suggesting a potent therapeutic target for BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bang-Shun He
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bei Pan
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Qin Pan
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Ling Sun
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Xiang Liu
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue-Ni Xu
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Chen
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Zeng
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mu Xu
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu-Kui Wang
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Moreira MP, Brayner FA, Alves LC, Cassali GD, Silva LM. Phenotypic, structural, and ultrastructural analysis of triple-negative breast cancer cell lines and breast cancer stem cell subpopulation. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2019; 48:673-684. [PMID: 31485678 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-019-01393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous disease, which influences the therapeutic response and makes difficult the discovery of effective targets. This heterogeneity is attributed to the presence of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), which determines resistance to chemotherapy and subsequently disease recurrence and metastasis. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate the morphological and phenotypic cellular heterogeneity of two TNBC cell lines cultured in monolayer and tumorsphere (TS) models by fluorescence and electron microscopy and flow cytometry. The BT-549 and Hs 578T analyses demonstrated large phenotypic and morphological heterogeneity between these cell lines, as well as between the cell subpopulations that compose them. BT-549 and Hs 578T are heterogeneous considering the cell surface marker CD44 and CD24 expression, characterizing BCSC mesenchymal-like cells (CD44+/CD24-), epithelial cells (CD44-/CD24+), hybrid cells with mesenchymal and epithelial features (CD44+/CD24+), and CD44-/CD24- cells. BCSC epithelial-like cells (ALDH+) were found in BT-549, BT-549 TS, and Hs 578T TS; however, only BT-549 TS showed a high ALDH activity. Ultrastructural characterization showed the heterogeneity within and among BT-549 and Hs 578T in monolayer and TS models being formed by more than one cellular type. Further, the mesenchymal characteristic of these cells is demonstrated by E-cadherin absence and filopodia. It is well known that tumor cell heterogeneity can influence survival, therapy responses, and the rate of tumor growth. Thus, molecular understanding of this heterogeneity is essential for the identification of potential therapeutic options and vulnerabilities of oncological patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene Pereira Moreira
- Serviço de Biologia Celular, Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Rua Conde Pereira Carneiro 80, Gameleira, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30510-010, Brazil
- Laboratório de Patologia Comparada, Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Fábio André Brayner
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Campus da UFPE, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-465, Brazil
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Campus da UFPE, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Alves
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Campus da UFPE, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-465, Brazil
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Campus da UFPE, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Geovanni Dantas Cassali
- Laboratório de Patologia Comparada, Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luciana Maria Silva
- Serviço de Biologia Celular, Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Rua Conde Pereira Carneiro 80, Gameleira, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30510-010, Brazil.
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15
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Li J, Hao Y, Mao W, Xue X, Xu P, Liu L, Yuan J, Zhang D, Li N, Chen H, Zhao L, Sun Z, Luo J, Chen R, Zhao RC. LincK contributes to breast tumorigenesis by promoting proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:19. [PMID: 30795783 PMCID: PMC6387548 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0707-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a role in the construction of tumor microenvironments. Co-culture between tumor cells and MSCs provides an easy and useful platform for mimicking tumor microenvironments and identifying the important members involved in tumor progress. The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to regulate different tumorigenic processes. In this study, we aimed to examine functional lncRNA deregulations associated with breast cancer malignancy instigated by MSC-MCF-7 co-culture. METHODS The microarrays were used to profile the expression changes of lncRNAs in MCF-7 cells during epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by co-culture with MSCs. We found that an intergenic lncRNA KB-1732A1.1 (termed LincK, partly overlapped with GASL1) was significantly elevated. To investigate the biological function of LincK, the expression of EMT markers, cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and colony formation were evaluated in vitro and xenograft assay in nude mice were performed in vivo. Furthermore, we detected LincK expression in clinical samples using RNAscope® technology and verified aberrant expression of LincK in breast cancer data sets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) by bioinformatic analysis. The underlying mechanisms of LincK were investigated using mRNA microarray analyses, Western blot, RNA pull down, and RNA immunoprecipitation. RESULTS LincK induced an EMT progress in breast cancer cells (BCC) MCF-7, MDA-MB-453, and MDA-MB-231. The depletion of LincK decreased the growth, migration, and invasion in BCC, whereas the overexpression of LincK exerted the opposite effects. Moreover, knockdown of LincK repressed tumorigenesis, and ectopic expression of LincK promoted tumor growth in MCF-7 xenograft model. LincK ablation in MDA-MB-231 cells dramatically impaired lung metastasis when incubated intravenously into nude mice. Further, LincK was frequently elevated in breast cancer compared with normal breast tissue in clinical samples. Mechanistically, LincK may share common miRNA response elements with PBK and ZEB1 and regulate the effects of miR-200 s. CONCLUSION LincK plays a significant role in regulating EMT and tumor growth and could be a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yajing Hao
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenzhe Mao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiaowei Xue
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Pengchao Xu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Lihui Liu
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Na Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Zhao Sun
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Jianjun Luo
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Runsheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), Beijing, 100005, China.
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16
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Focus on Cdc42 in Breast Cancer: New Insights, Target Therapy Development and Non-Coding RNAs. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020146. [PMID: 30754684 PMCID: PMC6406589 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumors in females. Although the conventional treatment has demonstrated a certain effect, some limitations still exist. The Rho guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) Cdc42 (Cell division control protein 42 homolog) is often upregulated by some cell surface receptors and oncogenes in breast cancer. Cdc42 switches from inactive guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound to active GTP-bound though guanine-nucleotide-exchange factors (GEFs), results in activation of signaling cascades that regulate various cellular processes such as cytoskeletal changes, proliferation and polarity establishment. Targeting Cdc42 also provides a strategy for precise breast cancer therapy. In addition, Cdc42 is a potential target for several types of non-coding RNAs including microRNAs and lncRNAs. These non-coding RNAs is extensively involved in Cdc42-induced tumor processes, while many of them are aberrantly expressed. Here, we focus on the role of Cdc42 in cell morphogenesis, proliferation, motility, angiogenesis and survival, introduce the Cdc42-targeted non-coding RNAs, as well as present current development of effective Cdc42-targeted inhibitors in breast cancer.
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17
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Beck C, Rodriguez-Vargas JM, Boehler C, Robert I, Heyer V, Hanini N, Gauthier LR, Tissier A, Schreiber V, Elofsson M, Reina San Martin B, Dantzer F. PARP3, a new therapeutic target to alter Rictor/mTORC2 signaling and tumor progression in BRCA1-associated cancers. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:1615-1630. [PMID: 30442946 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP3 has been shown to be a key driver of TGFβ-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness in breast cancer cells, emerging as an attractive therapeutic target. Nevertheless, the therapeutic value of PARP3 inhibition has not yet been assessed. Here we investigated the impact of the absence of PARP3 or its inhibition on the tumorigenicity of BRCA1-proficient versus BRCA1-deficient breast cancer cell lines, focusing on the triple-negative breast cancer subtype (TNBC). We show that PARP3 knockdown exacerbates centrosome amplification and genome instability and reduces survival of BRCA1-deficient TNBC cells. Furthermore, we engineered PARP3-/- BRCA1-deficient or BRCA1-proficient TNBC cell lines using the CRISPR/nCas9D10A gene editing technology and demonstrate that the absence of PARP3 selectively suppresses the growth, survival and in vivo tumorigenicity of BRCA1-deficient TNBC cells, mechanistically via effects associated with an altered Rictor/mTORC2 signaling complex resulting from enhanced ubiquitination of Rictor. Accordingly, PARP3 interacts with and ADP-ribosylates GSK3β, a positive regulator of Rictor ubiquitination and degradation. Importantly, these phenotypes were rescued by re-expression of a wild-type PARP3 but not by a catalytic mutant, demonstrating the importance of PARP3's catalytic activity. Accordingly, reduced survival and compromised Rictor/mTORC2 signaling were also observed using a cell-permeable PARP3-specific inhibitor. We conclude that PARP3 and BRCA1 are synthetic lethal and that targeting PARP3's catalytic activity is a promising therapeutic strategy for BRCA1-associated cancers via the Rictor/mTORC2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Beck
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 300 bld. S. Brant, CS10413, 67412, Illkirch, France
| | - José Manuel Rodriguez-Vargas
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 300 bld. S. Brant, CS10413, 67412, Illkirch, France
| | - Christian Boehler
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 300 bld. S. Brant, CS10413, 67412, Illkirch, France
| | - Isabelle Robert
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Vincent Heyer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Najat Hanini
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 300 bld. S. Brant, CS10413, 67412, Illkirch, France
| | - Laurent R Gauthier
- Laboratoire de radiopathologie, CEA-DRF/INSERM U967, Institut de biologie François Jacob, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (IRCM), 18 route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Agnès Tissier
- EMT and Cancer Cell Plasticity, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie, UMR INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Valérie Schreiber
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 300 bld. S. Brant, CS10413, 67412, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Bernardo Reina San Martin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Françoise Dantzer
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 300 bld. S. Brant, CS10413, 67412, Illkirch, France.
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18
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Brandao M, Simon T, Critchley G, Giamas G. Astrocytes, the rising stars of the glioblastoma microenvironment. Glia 2018; 67:779-790. [PMID: 30240060 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive primary tumor, causing thousands of deaths worldwide every year. The mean survival of patients with GBM remains below 20 months despite current available therapies. GBM cells' interactions with their stromal counterparts are crucial for tumor development. Astrocytes are glial cells that comprise ~50% of all brain cells and are therefore likely to establish direct contact with GBM cells. As other tumor cell types can hijack fibroblasts or immune cells to facilitate tumor growth, GBM cells can actually activate astrocytes, namely, the tumor associated astrocytes (TAAs), to promote GBM invasion in the healthy tissue. TAAs have thus been shown to be involved in GBM cells growth and limited response to radiation or chemotherapy (i.e., Temozolomide). Nevertheless, even though the interest in the cancer research community is increasing, the role of TAAs during GBM development is still overlooked. Yet, obtaining an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms by which TAAs influence GBM progression might lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies. This article therefore reports the different levels of GBM progression at which TAAs have been recently described to be involved in, including tumor cells' proliferation/invasion and resistance to therapies, especially through the activity of extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Brandao
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, School of Life Sciences, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Simon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, School of Life Sciences, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Giles Critchley
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, School of Life Sciences, Brighton, United Kingdom
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19
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Ma H, Li T, Tao Z, Hai L, Tong L, Yi L, Abeysekera IR, Liu P, Xie Y, Li J, Yuan F, Zhang C, Yang Y, Ming H, Yu S, Yang X. NKCC1 promotes EMT-like process in GBM via RhoA and Rac1 signaling pathways. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1630-1642. [PMID: 30159893 PMCID: PMC6282979 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal primary intracranial tumor. As the key regulator of tumor cell volume, sodium‐potassium‐chloride cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) expression increases along with the malignancy of the glioma, and NKCC1 has been implicated in glioblastoma invasion. However, little is known about the role of NKCC1 in the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition‐like process in gliomas. We noticed that aberrantly elevated expression of NKCC1 leads to changes in the shape, polarity, and adhesion of cells in glioma. Here, we investigated whether NKCC1 promotes an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐like process in gliomas via the RhoA and Rac1 signaling pathways. Pharmacological inhibition and knockdown of NKCC1 both decrease the expressions of mesenchymal markers, such as N‐cadherin, vimentin, and snail, whereas these treatments increase the expression of the epithelial marker E‐cadherin. These findings indicate that NKCC1 promotes an EMT‐like process in gliomas. The underlying mechanism is the facilitation of the binding of Rac1 and RhoA to GTP by NKCC1, which results in a significant enhancement of the EMT‐like process. Specific inhibition or knockdown of NKCC1 both attenuate activated Rac1 and RhoA, and the pharmacological inhibitions of Rac1 and RhoA both impair the invasion and migration abilities of gliomas. Furthermore, we illustrated that NKCC1 knockdown abolished the dissemination and spread of glioma cells in a nude mouse intracranial model. These findings suggest that elevated NKCC1 activity acts in the regulation of an EMT‐like process in gliomas, and thus provides a novel therapeutic strategy for targeting the invasiveness of gliomas, which might help to inhibit the spread of malignant intracranial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhennan Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Long Hai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Luqing Tong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Iruni R Abeysekera
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peidong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiabo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yihan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Haolang Ming
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengping Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuejun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
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20
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The Rho GTPase Rnd1 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma and is a favorable anti-metastasis target. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:486. [PMID: 29706627 PMCID: PMC5924761 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rnd1, a member of Rho GTPases, was found to be downregulated in human malignancies and downregulation of Rnd1 promotes tumor invasion via various mechanisms. However, the role of Rnd1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression remains unclear. In this study, our results demonstrated that Rnd1 was downregulated in HCC cells and in human HCC tissues. Low expression of Rnd1 was associated with aggressive clinic-pathologic characteristics, such as vascular invasion, and poor prognosis in patients who underwent curative surgery for HCC. Overexpression of Rnd1-suppressed cell growth, migration, invasion, and EMT processes in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Rnd1 blocked HCC progression by restricting EMT process through inhibition of the Raf/MEK/ERK cascade, and this was correlated with a reduction in RhoA activity. Combination of Rnd1 overexpression with sorafenib, a Raf signaling pathway inhibitor, showed a more potent inhibition on HCC metastasis. Moreover, epigenetic inhibitors (5-Aza and SAHA) increased the expression of Rnd1, and potentiated sorafenib-induced toxicity in HCC cells. In a conclusion, Rnd1-suppressed EMT-mediated metastasis of HCC by reducing the activity of the RhoA/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, functioning as a favorable anti-metastasis target for HCC patients. Rnd1 overexpression in combination with sorafenib may result in enhanced anti-metastasis efficacy in HCC.
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21
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Majorini MT, Manenti G, Mano M, De Cecco L, Conti A, Pinciroli P, Fontanella E, Tagliabue E, Chiodoni C, Colombo MP, Delia D, Lecis D. cIAP1 regulates the EGFR/Snai2 axis in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:2147-2164. [PMID: 29674627 PMCID: PMC6262016 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins constitute a family of conserved molecules that regulate both apoptosis and receptor signaling. They are often deregulated in cancer cells and represent potential targets for therapy. In our work, we investigated the effect of IAP inhibition in vivo to identify novel downstream genes expressed in an IAP-dependent manner that could contribute to cancer aggressiveness. To this end, immunocompromised mice engrafted subcutaneously with the triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB231 cell line were treated with SM83, a Smac mimetic that acts as a pan-IAP inhibitor, and tumor nodules were profiled for gene expression. SM83 reduced the expression of Snai2, an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition factor often associated with increased stem-like properties and metastatic potential especially in breast cancer cells. By testing several breast cancer cell lines, we demonstrated that Snai2 downregulation prevents cell motility and that its expression is promoted by cIAP1. In fact, the chemical or genetic inhibition of cIAP1 blocked epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-dependent activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and caused the reduction of Snai2 transcription levels. In a number of breast cancer cell lines, cIAP1 depletion also resulted in a reduction of EGFR protein levels which derived from the decrease of its gene transcription, though, paradoxically, the silencing of cIAP1 promoted EGFR protein stability rather than its degradation. Finally, we provided evidence that IAP inhibition displays an anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effect in vivo. In conclusion, our work indicates that IAP-targeted therapy could contribute to EGFR inhibition and to the reduction of its downstream mediators. This approach could be particularly effective in tumors characterized by high levels of EGFR and Snai2, such as triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Majorini
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Cycle Control Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Manenti
- Department of Predictive & Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Miguel Mano
- Functional Genomics and RNA-Based Therapeutics Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3060-197, Portugal
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Conti
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Cycle Control Unit, Milan, Italy.,Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pinciroli
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Fontanella
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Cycle Control Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Elda Tagliabue
- Department of Experimental Oncology & Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Molecular Targeting Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Chiodoni
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Molecular Immunology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Paolo Colombo
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Molecular Immunology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Delia
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Cycle Control Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Lecis
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Cycle Control Unit, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Molecular Immunology Unit, Milan, Italy.
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22
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Campo L, Breuer EK. Inhibition of TACC3 by a small molecule inhibitor in breast cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 498:1085-1092. [PMID: 29555478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that transforming acidic coiled-coil protein 3 (TACC3), a key component of centrosome-microtubule dynamic networks, is significantly associated with various types of human cancer. We have recently reported that high levels of TACC3 are found in breast cancer, lead to the accumulation of spontaneous DNA damage due to defective DNA damage response signaling, and confer cellular sensitivity to radiation and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Although our study suggests a potential role of TACC3 as a biomarker in breast cancer detection and prediction of therapy outcome, its role as a therapeutic target in breast cancer is not well studied. In this study, we show that a small molecule TACC3 inhibitor, KHS101, suppresses cell growth, motility, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and breast cancer cell stemness while it induces apoptotic cell death. Quantitative multiplexed proteomic analysis using tandem mass tags (TMTs) revealed that KHS101 alters multiple biological processes and signaling pathways, and significantly reduces the expression of mitotic kinases Aurora A and Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), which are closely associated with TACC3. Our findings therefore provide a new insight into the potential mechanisms of the action of KHS101 and suggest its possible use as a dual or multi-targeting mitotic inhibitor in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Campo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Eun-Kyoung Breuer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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23
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MDA-9/Syntenin (SDCBP) modulates small GTPases RhoA and Cdc42 via transforming growth factor β1 to enhance epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:80175-80189. [PMID: 27863394 PMCID: PMC5348312 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the decisive steps regulating cancer invasion and metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this transition require further clarification. MDA-9/syntenin (SDCBP) expression is elevated in breast cancer patient samples as well as cultured breast cancer cells. Silencing expression of MDA-9 in mesenchymal metastatic breast cancer cells triggered a change in cell morphology in both 2D- and 3D-cultures to a more epithelial-like phenotype, along with changes in EMT markers, cytoskeletal rearrangement and decreased invasion. Conversely, over expressing MDA-9 in epithelial non-metastatic breast cancer cells instigated a change in morphology to a more mesenchymal phenotype with corresponding changes in EMT markers, cytoskeletal rearrangement and an increase in invasion. We also found that MDA-9 upregulated active levels of known modulators of EMT, the small GTPases RhoA and Cdc42, via TGFβ1. Reintroducing TGFβ1 in MDA-9 silenced cells restored active RhoA and cdc42 levels, modulated cytoskeletal rearrangement and increased invasion. We further determined that MDA-9 interacts with TGFβ1 via its PDZ1 domain. Finally, in vivo studies demonstrated that silencing the expression of MDA-9 resulted in decreased lung metastasis and TGFβ1 re-expression partially restored lung metastases. Our findings provide evidence for the relevance of MDA-9 in mediating EMT in breast cancer and support the potential of MDA-9 as a therapeutic target against metastatic disease.
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24
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El Azreq MA, Kadiri M, Boisvert M, Pagé N, Tessier PA, Aoudjit F. Discoidin domain receptor 1 promotes Th17 cell migration by activating the RhoA/ROCK/MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:44975-44990. [PMID: 27391444 PMCID: PMC5216699 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Effector T cell migration through the tissue extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important step of the adaptive immune response and in the development of inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms involved in this process are still poorly understood. In this study, we addressed the role of a collagen receptor, the discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), in the migration of Th17 cells. We showed that the vast majority of human Th17 cells express DDR1 and that silencing DDR1 or using the blocking recombinant receptor DDR1:Fc significantly reduced their motility and invasion in three-dimensional (3D) collagen. DDR1 promoted Th17 migration by activating RhoA/ROCK and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. Interestingly, the RhoA/ROCK signaling module was required for MAPK/ERK activation. Finally, we showed that DDR1 is important for the recruitment of Th17 cells into the mouse dorsal air pouch containing the chemoattractant CCL20. Collectively, our results indicate that DDR1, via the activation of RhoA/ROCK/MAPK/ERK signaling axis, is a key pathway of effector T cell migration through collagen of perivascular tissues. As such, DDR1 can contribute to the development of Th17-dependent inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed-Amine El Azreq
- Axe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Maleck Kadiri
- Axe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Boisvert
- Axe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Pagé
- Axe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe A Tessier
- Axe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie-Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Fawzi Aoudjit
- Axe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie-Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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25
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Liu S, Zhou F, Shen Y, Zhang Y, Yin H, Zeng Y, Liu J, Yan Z, Liu X. Fluid shear stress induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in Hep-2 cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:32876-92. [PMID: 27096955 PMCID: PMC5078059 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies with high occurrence of tumor metastasis, which usually exposes to fluid shear stress (FSS) in lymphatic channel and blood vessel. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important mechanism that induces metastasis and invasion of tumors. We hypothesized that FSS induced a progression of EMT in laryngeal squamous carcinoma. Accordingly, the Hep-2 cells were exposed to 1.4 dyn/cm2 FSS for different durations. Our results showed that most of cells changed their morphology from polygon to elongated spindle with well-organized F-actin and abundant lamellipodia/filopodia in protrusions. After removing the FSS, cells gradually recovered their flat polygon morphology. FSS induced Hep-2 cells to enhance their migration capacity in a time-dependent manner. In addition, FSS down-regulated E-cadherin, and simultaneously up-regulated N-cadherin, translocated β-catenin into the nucleus. These results confirmed that FSS induced the EMT in Hep-2 cells, and revealed a reversible mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) process when FSS was removed. We further examined the time-expressions of signaling cascades, and demonstrated that FSS induces the EMT and enhances cell migration depending on integrin-ILK/PI3K-AKT-Snail signaling events. The current study suggests that FSS, an important biophysical factor in tumor microenvironment, is a potential determinant of cell behavior and function regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangfeng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,School of Medical Laboratory Science, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Fating Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongmei Yin
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ye Zeng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingxia Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiping Yan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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26
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Ritto D, Tanasawet S, Singkhorn S, Klaypradit W, Hutamekalin P, Tipmanee V, Sukketsiri W. Astaxanthin induces migration in human skin keratinocytes via Rac1 activation and RhoA inhibition. Nutr Res Pract 2017; 11:275-280. [PMID: 28765773 PMCID: PMC5537536 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2017.11.4.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Re-epithelialization has an important role in skin wound healing. Astaxanthin (ASX), a carotenoid found in crustaceans including shrimp, crab, and salmon, has been widely used for skin protection. Therefore, we investigated the effects of ASX on proliferation and migration of human skin keratinocyte cells and explored the mechanism associated with that migration. MATERIAL/METHOD HaCaT keratinocyte cells were exposed to 0.25-1 µg/mL of ASX. Proliferation of keratinocytes was analyzed by using MTT assays and flow cytometry. Keratinocyte migration was determined by using a scratch wound-healing assay. A mechanism for regulation of migration was explored via immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis. RESULTS Our results suggest that ASX produces no significant toxicity in human keratinocyte cells. Cell-cycle analysis on ASX-treated keratinocytes demonstrated a significant increase in keratinocyte cell proliferation at the S phase. In addition, ASX increased keratinocyte motility across the wound space in a time-dependent manner. The mechanism by which ASX increased keratinocyte migration was associated with induction of filopodia and formation of lamellipodia, as well as with increased Cdc42 and Rac1 activation and decreased RhoA activation. CONCLUSIONS ASX stimulates the migration of keratinocytes through Cdc42, Rac1 activation and RhoA inhibition. ASX has a positive role in the re-epithelialization of wounds. Our results may encourage further in vivo and clinical study into the development of ASX as a potential agent for wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakanda Ritto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Supita Tanasawet
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Sawana Singkhorn
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Wanwimol Klaypradit
- Department of Fishery Product, Faculty of Fishery, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Pilaiwanwadee Hutamekalin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Varomyalin Tipmanee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Wanida Sukketsiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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27
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Han Q, Deng Y, Chen S, Chen R, Yang M, Zhang Z, Sun X, Wang W, He Y, Wang F, Pan X, Li P, Lai W, Luo H, Huang P, Guan X, Deng Y, Yan J, Xu X, Wen Y, Chen A, Hu C, Li X, Li S. Downregulation of ATG5-dependent macroautophagy by chaperone-mediated autophagy promotes breast cancer cell metastasis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4759. [PMID: 28684853 PMCID: PMC5500507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04994-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data have shown that the expression of lysosome-associated membrane protein type 2 A (LAMP2A), the key protein in the chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) pathway, is elevated in breast tumor tissues. However, the exact effects and mechanisms of CMA during breast cancer metastasis remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that the LAMP2A protein level was significantly elevated in human breast cancer tissues, particularly in metastatic carcinoma. The increased LAMP2A level was also positively correlated with the histologic grade of ductal breast cancer. High LAMP2A levels also predicted shorter overall survival of breast cancer patients. Downregulation of CMA activity by LAMP2A knockdown significantly inhibited the growth and metastasis of both MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells in vivo and in vitro, while upregulation of CMA activity by LAMP2A overexpression had the opposite effect. Mechanistically, we found that elevated CMA activity mediated increased growth and metastasis of human breast cancer cells by downregulating the activity of autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5)-dependent macroautophagy. Collectively, these results indicate that the anti-macroautophagic property is a key feature of CMA-mediated tumorigenesis and metastasis and may, in some contexts, serve as an attractive target for breast cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Han
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Youcai Deng
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Sha Chen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mingzhen Yang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhujun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiongshan Sun
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fangjie Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaodong Pan
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Peng Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wenjing Lai
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hongqin Luo
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Pei Huang
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiao Guan
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yafei Deng
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xianjie Xu
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yan Wen
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - An Chen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chuanmin Hu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Shuhui Li
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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28
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Breast cancer cells: Focus on the consequences of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 87:23-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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29
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Yu H, Jin S, Zhang N, Xu Q. Up-regulation of GTPBP4 in colorectal carcinoma is responsible for tumor metastasis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 480:48-54. [PMID: 27720713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
GTP binding protein 4(GTPBP4), a member of GTP-binding protein family, was previously characterized as a tumor suppressor that regulates and requires merlin to suppress cell proliferation. However, the role of GTPBP4 in the metastasis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) remains unelucidated. Here, we observed that GTPBP4 was detected at higher levels in CRC metastatic tissues than that in the primary tumor tissues. Notably, up-regulation of GTPBP4 was closely correlated with tumor metastasis in CRCs. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated GTPBP4 as an independent prognostic factor for CRC patients (hazard ratio = 2.693, 95% confident interval: 1.193-6.083, p = 0.017). Functional studies established that knockdown of GTPBP4 impeded, whereas ectopic expression of GTPBP4 enhanced cell motility and tumor metastasis in CRC cells. Interestingly, mechanistic investigations suggested that GTPBP4 may disorganize actin cytoskeleton through repressing RhoA signaling. Taken together, our research uncovered that GTPBP4 promotes CRC metastasis by disrupting actin cytoskeleton, which is mediated by the reduced RhoA activity. Strategies targeting GTPBP4 will be promising for CRC patients with metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yu
- Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, People's Republic of China
| | - Sufeng Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Abdominal Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Abdominal Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Fang D, Chen H, Zhu JY, Wang W, Teng Y, Ding HF, Jing Q, Su SB, Huang S. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition of ovarian cancer cells is sustained by Rac1 through simultaneous activation of MEK1/2 and Src signaling pathways. Oncogene 2016; 36:1546-1558. [PMID: 27617576 PMCID: PMC5346482 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is regarded as a crucial contributing factor to cancer progression. Diverse factors have been identified as potent EMT inducers in ovarian cancer. However, molecular mechanism sustaining EMT of ovarian cancer cells remains elusive. Here, we show that the presence of SOS1/EPS8/ABI1 complex is critical for sustained EMT traits of ovarian cancer cells. Consistent with the role of SOS1/EPS8/ABI1 complex as a Rac1-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor, depleting Rac1 results in the loss of most of mesenchymal traits in mesenchymal-like ovarian cancer cells while expressing constitutively active Rac1 leads to EMT in epithelial-like ovarian cancer cells. With the aid of clinically tested inhibitors targeting various EMT-associated signaling pathways, we show that only combined treatment of MEK1/2 and Src inhibitors can abolish constitutively active Rac1-led EMT and mesenchymal traits displayed by mesenchymal-like ovarian cancer cells. Further experiments also reveal that EMT can be induced in epithelial-like ovarian cancer cells by co-expressing constitutively active MEK1 and Src rather than either alone. As the activities of Erk and Src are higher in ovarian cancer cells with constitutively active Rac1, we conclude that Rac1 sustains ovarian cancer cell EMT through simultaneous activation of MEK1/2 and Src signaling pathways. Importantly, we demonstrate that combined use of MEK1/2 and Src inhibitors effectively suppresses development of intraperitoneal xenografts and prolongs the survival of ovarian cancer-bearing mice. This study suggests that cocktail of MEK1/2 and Src inhibitors represents an effective therapeutic strategy against ovarian cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - H Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - J Y Zhu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - W Wang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Teng
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - H-F Ding
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Q Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - S-B Su
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - S Huang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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31
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Yang DQ, Freund DM, Harris BRE, Wang D, Cleary MP, Hegeman AD. Measuring relative utilization of aerobic glycolysis in breast cancer cells by positional isotopic discrimination. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3179-87. [PMID: 27531463 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability of cancer cells to produce lactate through aerobic glycolysis is a hallmark of cancer. In this study, we established a positional isotopic labeling and LC-MS-based method that can specifically measure the conversion of glucose to lactate in glycolysis. We show that the rate of aerobic glycolysis is closely correlated with glucose uptake and lactate production in breast cancer cells. We also found that the production of [3-(13) C]lactate is significantly elevated in metastatic breast cancer cells and in early stage metastatic mammary tumors in mice. Our findings may enable the development of a biomarker for the diagnosis of aggressive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Qing Yang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA. , .,The Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. ,
| | - Dana M Freund
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | | | - Defeng Wang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Margot P Cleary
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA.,The Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Adrian D Hegeman
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA. .,Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA. .,Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA.
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32
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Tao Y, Auguste DT. Array-based identification of triple-negative breast cancer cells using fluorescent nanodot-graphene oxide complexes. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 81:431-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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33
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Shi H, Lin B, Huang Y, Wu J, Zhang H, Lin C, Wang Z, Zhu J, Zhao Y, Fu X, Lou Z, Li X, Xiao J. Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes melanocyte migration via activating PI3K/Akt-Rac1-FAK-JNK and ERK signaling pathways. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:735-47. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxue Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
| | - Beibei Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
| | - Jiang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
| | - Cai Lin
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory; Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Zhouguang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
| | - Yingzhen Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory; Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Zhencai Lou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; The Affiliated YiWu Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University; Yiwu China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
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34
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Kilinc D, Schwab J, Rampini S, Ikpekha OW, Thampi A, Blasiak A, Li P, Schwamborn R, Kolch W, Matallanas D, Lee GU. A microfluidic dual gradient generator for conducting cell-based drug combination assays. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 8:39-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00209e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We present a microfluidic gradient generator that exposes cultured cells to orthogonally-aligned linear concentration gradients of two molecules. Live-cell assays quantifying apoptotic signaling and cell motility are provided as proof-of-concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Kilinc
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute
| | - Jefrem Schwab
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | - Stefano Rampini
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | - Oshoke W. Ikpekha
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | - Ashwin Thampi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | - Agata Blasiak
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | - Peng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | | | - Walter Kolch
- UCD Conway Institute
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
- Systems Biology Ireland
- UCD
| | | | - Gil U. Lee
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute
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35
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Zhu T, Wang J, Pei Y, Wang Q, Wu Y, Qiu G, Zhang D, Lv M, Li W, Zhang J. Neddylation controls basal MKK7 kinase activity in breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2015; 35:2624-33. [PMID: 26364603 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase (JNK) pathway has been implicated in mammary tumor development. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating JNK activity in breast cancer cells remain unclear. Here, we report that the inhibition of ubiquitination-like post-translational modification neddylation through different strategies results in enhanced basal JNK phosphorylation in human breast cancer cells. The upregulation of basal JNK phosphorylation upon neddylation inhibition is independent of the deneddylation of Cullins, the well-characterized neddylation substrates. Since augmented basal JNK phosphorylation via ectopic MKK7 expression impedes proliferation and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype, the neddylation system might contribute to mammary tumor development partially through limiting basal JNK phosphorylation. Further exploration reveals that MKK7, a JNK-specific MAP2K, undergoes neddylation in human breast cancer cells. MKK7 co-precipitates with a fragment of Ran-binding protein 2 (RanBP2), a large multimodular and pleiotropic protein that has been recognized as a SUMO E3 ligase. Knockdown of RanBP2 attenuates MKK7 neddylation and augments basal JNK phosphorylation without affecting the neddylation of Cullins, whereas ectopic expression of a RanBP2 fragment possessing SUMO E3 activity (RanBP2ΔFG) manifests the opposite effects. In vitro neddylation assays confirm that RanBP2ΔFG works as the neddylation E3 ligase for MKK7. The basal kinase activity of endogenous MKK7 increases upon RanBP2 knockdown but decreases upon the ectopic expression of RanBP2ΔFG. Furthermore, purified MKK7 shows reduced basal kinase activity after in vitro neddylation by RanBP2ΔFG. Consistently, RanBP2 knockdown leads to reduced proliferation and impaired EMT phenotype in human breast cancer cells and the effects of RanBP2 knockdown are reversed by simultaneous MKK7 knockdown. Taken together, our data suggest that MKK7 undergoes neddylation in human breast cancer cells, which limits its basal kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zhu
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Y Pei
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Q Wang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Y Wu
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - G Qiu
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - D Zhang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - M Lv
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - W Li
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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36
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Tang J, Wang G, Zhang M, Li FY, Sang Y, Wang B, Hu K, Wu Y, Luo R, Liao D, Cao J, Wang X, Wang L, Zhang R, Zhang X, Deng WG, Xie D, Xu RH, Kang T. Paradoxical role of CBX8 in proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:10778-90. [PMID: 25360999 PMCID: PMC4279409 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of polycomb chromobox (Cbx) proteins in cancer is context-dependent. The Chromobox homolog 8 (CBX8) was originally characterized as a transcriptional repressor, which inhibits cell proliferation in Ink4a-Arf-dependent and -independent manner. However, the role of CBX8 in colorectal cancer remains unknown. Here, we found that high CBX8 expression was associated with a low rate of distant metastasis and good prognosis in CRC patients, even though CBX8 was up-regulated in CRC cell lines and clinical samples. Knockdown of CBX8 inhibited CRC proliferation in vitro and in vivo, mostly by increasing p53 and its downstream effectors. However, knockdown of CBX8 enhanced CRC migration, invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo, in part through direct up-regulation of integrin β4 (ITGB4) that in turn decreased RhoA activity. Collectively, the knockdown of CBX8 inhibited CRC proliferation, while promoting its metastasis, thus exerting paradoxical effects in CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Meifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Feng-yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yi Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Boqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China. Department of Hepatobiliarypancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Kaishun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yuanzhong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Rongzhen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Dan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jingying Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ruhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xiaoshi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wu-guo Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Rui-hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Tiebang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
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37
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Sun BO, Fang Y, Li Z, Chen Z, Xiang J. Role of cellular cytoskeleton in epithelial-mesenchymal transition process during cancer progression. Biomed Rep 2015; 3:603-610. [PMID: 26405532 DOI: 10.3892/br.2015.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, cancer metastases remain a major clinical problem that highlights the importance of recognition of the metastatic process in cancer diagnosis and treatment. A critical process associated with the metastasis process is the transformation of epithelial cells toward the motile mesenchymal state, a process called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Increasing evidence suggests the crucial role of the cytoskeleton in the EMT process. The cytoskeleton is composed of the actin cytoskeleton, the microtubule network and the intermediate filaments that provide structural design and mechanical strength that is necessary for the EMT. The dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is a prerequisite for the morphology, migration and invasion of cancer cells. The microtubule network is the cytoskeleton that provides the driving force during cell migration. Intermediate filaments are significantly rearranged, typically switching from cytokeratin-rich to vimentin-rich networks during the EMT process, accompanied by a greatly enhanced cell motility capacity. In the present review, the recent novel insights into the different cytoskeleton underlying EMT are summarized. There are numerous advances in our understanding of the fundamental role of the cytoskeleton in cancer cell invasion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Yantian Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Zongyou Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jianbin Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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38
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Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside from Afgekia mahidoliae promotes keratinocyte migration through FAK and Rac1 activation. J Nat Med 2015; 69:340-8. [PMID: 25783411 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-015-0899-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The restoration of the epidermal epithelium through re-epithelialization is a critical process in wound healing. Directed keratinocyte migration to the wound is required, and the retardation of this process may result in a chronic, non-healing wound. The present study contributes to research aiming to identify promising compounds that promote wound healing using a human keratinocyte model. The effects of three kaempferol glycosides from an Afgekia mahidoliae leaf extract, kaempferol-3-O-arabinoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, on keratinocyte migration were determined. Interestingly, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside exhibited a pronounced effect on wound closure in comparison to the parental kaempferol and other glycosides. The mechanism by which kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside enhances cell migration involves the induction of filopodia and lamellipodia formation, increased cellular levels of phosphorylated FAK (Tyr 397) and phosphorylated Akt (Ser 473), and up-regulation of active Rac1-GTP. The data obtained in this study may support the development of this compound for use in wound healing therapies.
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39
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Zheng F, Liao YJ, Cai MY, Liu TH, Chen SP, Wu PH, Wu L, Bian XW, Guan XY, Zeng YX, Yuan YF, Kung HF, Xie D. Systemic delivery of microRNA-101 potently inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo by repressing multiple targets. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1004873. [PMID: 25693145 PMCID: PMC4334495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy based on adjustment of microRNA (miRNA)s activity takes great promise due to the ability of these small RNAs to modulate cellular behavior. However, the efficacy of miR-101 replacement therapy to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In the current study, we first observed that plasma levels of miR-101 were significantly lower in distant metastatic HCC patients than in HCCs without distant metastasis, and down-regulation of plasma miR-101 predicted a worse disease-free survival (DFS, P<0.05). In an animal model of HCC, we demonstrated that systemic delivery of lentivirus-mediated miR-101 abrogated HCC growth in the liver, intrahepatic metastasis and distant metastasis to the lung and to the mediastinum, resulting in a dramatic suppression of HCC development and metastasis in mice without toxicity and extending life expectancy. Furthermore, enforced overexpression of miR-101 in HCC cells not only decreased EZH2, COX2 and STMN1, but also directly down-regulated a novel target ROCK2, inhibited Rho/Rac GTPase activation, and blocked HCC cells epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis, inducing a strong abrogation of HCC tumorigenesis and aggressiveness both in vitro and in vivo. These results provide proof-of-concept support for systemic delivery of lentivirus-mediated miR-101 as a powerful anti-HCC therapeutic modality by repressing multiple molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ji Liao
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mu-Yan Cai
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Hao Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Peng Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Hong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Tumor Interventional Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Long Wu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, People’s Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Fei Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hsiang-Fu Kung
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dan Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Imaoka H, Toiyama Y, Saigusa S, Kawamura M, Kawamoto A, Okugawa Y, Hiro J, Tanaka K, Inoue Y, Mohri Y, Kusunoki M. RacGAP1 expression, increasing tumor malignant potential, as a predictive biomarker for lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:346-54. [PMID: 25568185 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rac GTPase-activating protein (RacGAP) 1 plays a key role in controlling various cellular phenomena including cytokinesis, transformation, invasive migration and metastasis. This study investigated the function and clinical significance of RacGAP1 expression in colorectal cancer (CRC). The intrinsic functions of RacGAP1 in CRC cells were analyzed using small interfering RNA (siRNA). We analyzed RacGAP1 mRNA expression in surgical specimens from 193 CRC patients (Cohort 1) by real-time PCR. Finally, we validated RacGAP1 protein expression using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples from 298 CRC patients (Cohort 2) by immunohistochemistry. Reduced RacGAP1 expression by siRNA in CRC cell lines showed significantly decreased cellular proliferation, migration and invasion. In Cohort 1, RacGAP1 expression in CRC was significantly higher than in adjacent normal mucosa and increased according to tumor node metastasis stage progression. High RacGAP1 expression in tumors was significantly associated with progression and prognosis. In Cohort 2, RacGAP1 protein was overexpressed mainly in the nuclei of CRC cells; however, its expression was scarcely observed in normal colorectal mucosa. RacGAP1 protein expression was significantly higher in CRC patients with higher T stage, vessel invasion and lymph node and distant metastasis. Increased expression of RacGAP1 protein was significantly associated with poor disease-free and overall survival. Multivariate analyses revealed that high RacGAP1 expression was an independent predictive marker for lymph node metastasis, recurrence and poor prognosis in CRC. Our data provide novel evidence for the biological and clinical significance of RacGAP1 as a potential biomarker for identifying patients with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Imaoka
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yuji Toiyama
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Susumu Saigusa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Mikio Kawamura
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Aya Kawamoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshinaga Okugawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Junichiro Hiro
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Inoue
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Mohri
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masato Kusunoki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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