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Voutsadakis IA. Targeting super-enhancer activity for colorectal cancer therapy. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:700-719. [PMID: 38586095 PMCID: PMC10994804 DOI: 10.62347/qkhb5897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
In addition to genetic variants and copy number alterations, epigenetic deregulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressors is a major contributor in cancer development and propagation. Regulatory elements for gene transcription regulation can be found in promoters which are located in the vicinity of transcription start sites but also at a distance, in enhancer sites, brought to interact with proximal sites when occupied by enhancer protein complexes. These sites provide most of the specific regulatory sequences recognized by transcription factors. A sub-set of enhancers characterized by a longer structure and stronger activity, called super-enhancers, are critical for the expression of specific genes, usually associated with individual cell type identity and function. Super-enhancers show deregulation in cancer, which may have profound repercussions for cancer cell survival and response to therapy. Dysfunction of super-enhancers may result from multiple mechanisms that include changes in their sequence, alterations in the topological neighborhoods where they belong, and alterations in the proteins that mediate their function, such as transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers. These can become potential targets for therapeutic interventions. Genes that are targets of super-enhancers are cell and cancer type specific and could also be of interest for therapeutic targeting. In colorectal cancer, a super-enhancer regulated and over-expressed oncogene is MYC, under the influence of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Identification and targeting of additional oncogenes regulated by super-enhancers in colorectal cancer may pave the way for combination therapies targeting the super-enhancer machinery and signal transduction pathways that regulate the specific transcription factors operative on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Algoma District Cancer Program, Sault Area HospitalSault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Section of Internal Medicine, Northern Ontario School of MedicineSudbury, ON, Canada
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2
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Spisak S, Chen D, Likasitwatanakul P, Doan P, Li Z, Bala P, Vizkeleti L, Tisza V, De Silva P, Giannakis M, Wolpin B, Qi J, Sethi NS. Identifying regulators of aberrant stem cell and differentiation activity in colorectal cancer using a dual endogenous reporter system. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2230. [PMID: 38472198 PMCID: PMC10933491 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46285-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant stem cell-like activity and impaired differentiation are central to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). To identify functional mediators of these key cellular programs, we engineer a dual endogenous reporter system by genome-editing the SOX9 and KRT20 loci of human CRC cell lines to express fluorescent reporters, broadcasting aberrant stem cell-like and differentiation activity, respectively. By applying a CRISPR screen targeting 78 epigenetic regulators with 542 sgRNAs to this platform, we identify factors that contribute to stem cell-like activity and differentiation in CRC. Perturbation single cell RNA sequencing (Perturb-seq) of validated hits nominate SMARCB1 of the BAF complex (also known as SWI/SNF) as a negative regulator of differentiation across an array of neoplastic colon models. SMARCB1 is a dependency and required for in vivo growth of human CRC models. These studies highlight the utility of biologically designed endogenous reporter platforms to uncover regulators with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandor Spisak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pornlada Likasitwatanakul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paul Doan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhixin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pratyusha Bala
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Laura Vizkeleti
- Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktoria Tisza
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pushpamali De Silva
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nilay S Sethi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Mi T, Zhang Z, Zhanghuang C, Jin L, Tan X, Liu J, Wu X, Li M, Wang J, Wang Z, Guo P, He D. Doxycycline hydrochloride inhibits the progress of malignant rhabdoid tumor of kidney by targeting MMP17 and MMP1 through PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 964:176291. [PMID: 38158115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify therapeutic targets for malignant rhabdoid tumors of kidney (MRTK) and to investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of doxycycline hydrochloride on these tumors. METHODS Gene expression and clinical data of MRTK were retrieved from the TARGET database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and prognostic-related genes (PRGs) were selected through a combination of statistical analyses. The functional roles of MMP17 and MMP1 were elucidated through RNA overexpression and intervention experiments. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies provided evidence for the inhibitory effect of doxycycline hydrochloride on MRTK. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing was employed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS 3507 DEGs and 690 PRGs in MRTK were identified. Among these, we focused on 41 highly expressed genes associated with poor prognosis and revealed their involvement in extracellular matrix regulatory pathways. Notably, MMP17 and MMP1 stood out as particularly influential genes. When these genes were knocked out, a significant inhibition of proliferation, invasion and migration was observed in G401 cells. Furthermore, our study explored the impact of the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, doxycycline hydrochloride, on the malignant progression of G401 both in vitro and in vivo. Combined with sequencing data, the results indicated that doxycycline hydrochloride effectively inhibited MRTK progression, due to its ability to suppress the expression of MMP17 and MMP1 through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Doxycycline hydrochloride inhibits the expression of MMP17 and MMP1 through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the malignant progression of MRTK in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Mi
- Children's Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Children's Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Chenghao Zhanghuang
- Children's Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Liming Jin
- Children's Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiaojun Tan
- Children's Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jiayan Liu
- Children's Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Children's Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Mujie Li
- Children's Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jinkui Wang
- Children's Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- Children's Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Children's Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China; Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Dawei He
- Children's Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China; Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China; Key Laboratory of Children's Developmental Diseases Research, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400014, China; National International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Childhood Developmental Diseases, Children 's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Diseases, Children 's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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Spisak S, Chen D, Likasitwatanakul P, Doan P, Li Z, Bala P, Vizkeleti L, Tisza V, De Silva P, Giannakis M, Wolpin B, Qi J, Sethi NS. Utilizing a dual endogenous reporter system to identify functional regulators of aberrant stem cell and differentiation activity in colorectal cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.21.545895. [PMID: 38293113 PMCID: PMC10827082 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.21.545895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant stem cell-like activity and impaired differentiation are central to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). To identify functional mediators that regulate these key cellular programs in CRC, we developed an endogenous reporter system by genome-editing human CRC cell lines with knock-in fluorescent reporters at the SOX9 and KRT20 locus to report aberrant stem cell-like activity and differentiation, respectively, and then performed pooled genetic perturbation screens. Constructing a dual reporter system that simultaneously monitored aberrant stem cell-like and differentiation activity in the same CRC cell line improved our signal to noise discrimination. Using a focused-library CRISPR screen targeting 78 epigenetic regulators with 542 sgRNAs, we identified factors that contribute to stem cell-like activity and differentiation in CRC. Perturbation single cell RNA sequencing (Perturb-seq) of validated hits nominated SMARCB1 of the BAF complex (also known as SWI/SNF) as a negative regulator of differentiation across an array of neoplastic colon models. SMARCB1 is a dependency in CRC and required for in vivo growth of human CRC models. These studies highlight the utility of a biologically designed endogenous reporter system to uncover novel therapeutic targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandor Spisak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Enzymology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pornlada Likasitwatanakul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paul Doan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhixin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pratyusha Bala
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Laura Vizkeleti
- Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktoria Tisza
- Institute of Enzymology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pushpamail De Silva
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nilay S. Sethi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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5
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Hua T, Xue Y, Sarker DB, Kiran S, Li Y, Sang QXA. Modeling human brain rhabdoid tumor by inactivating tumor suppressor genes in induced pluripotent stem cells. Bioact Mater 2024; 31:136-150. [PMID: 37637078 PMCID: PMC10448240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a rare childhood malignancy that originates in the central nervous system. Over ninety-five percent of ATRT patients have biallelic inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene SMARCB1. ATRT has no standard treatment, and a major limiting factor in therapeutic development is the lack of reliable ATRT models. We employed CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology to knock out SMARCB1 and TP53 genes in human episomal induced pluripotent stem cells (Epi-iPSCs), followed by brief neural induction, to generate an ATRT-like model. The dual knockout Epi-iPSCs retained their stemness with the capacity to differentiate into three germ layers. High expression of OCT4 and NANOG in neurally induced knockout spheroids was comparable to that in two ATRT cell lines. Beta-catenin protein expression was higher in SMARCB1-deficient cells and spheroids than in normal Epi-iPSC-derived spheroids. Nucleophosmin, Osteopontin, and Ki-67 proteins were also expressed by the SMARCB1-deficient spheroids. In summary, the tumor model resembled embryonal features of ATRT and expressed ATRT biomarkers at mRNA and protein levels. Ribociclib, PTC-209, and the combination of clofilium tosylate and pazopanib decreased the viability of the ATRT-like cells. This disease modeling scheme may enable the establishment of individualized tumor models with patient-specific mutations and facilitate high-throughput drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Hua
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4390, USA
| | - Yu Xue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4390, USA
| | - Drishty B. Sarker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4390, USA
| | - Sonia Kiran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4390, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310-6046, USA
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4380, USA
| | - Qing-Xiang Amy Sang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4390, USA
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4380, USA
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Soto-Castillo JJ, Llavata-Marti L, Fort-Culillas R, Andreu-Cobo P, Moreno R, Codony C, García Del Muro X, Alemany R, Piulats JM, Martin-Liberal J. SWI/SNF Complex Alterations in Tumors with Rhabdoid Features: Novel Therapeutic Approaches and Opportunities for Adoptive Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11143. [PMID: 37446319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin-remodeling complex is one of the most remarkably altered epigenetic regulators in cancer. Pathogenic mutations in genes encoding SWI/SNF-related proteins have been recently described in many solid tumors, including rare and aggressive malignancies with rhabdoid features with no standard therapies in advanced or metastatic settings. In recent years, clinical trials with targeted drugs aimed at restoring its function have shown discouraging results. However, preclinical data have found an association between these epigenetic alterations and response to immune therapy. Thus, the rationale for immunotherapy strategies in SWI/SNF complex alteration-related tumors is strong. Here, we review the SWI/SNF complex and how its dysfunction drives the oncogenesis of rhabdoid tumors and the proposed strategies to revert this alteration and promising novel therapeutic approaches, including immune checkpoint inhibition and adoptive cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Soto-Castillo
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Lucía Llavata-Marti
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Roser Fort-Culillas
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Pablo Andreu-Cobo
- Medical Oncology Department, Parc Tauli Hospital Universitari, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Rafael Moreno
- Cancer Immunotherapy Group, iPROCURE Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Carles Codony
- Cancer Immunotherapy Group, iPROCURE Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Xavier García Del Muro
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- Cancer Immunotherapy Group, iPROCURE Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Josep M Piulats
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Cancer Immunotherapy Group, iPROCURE Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Juan Martin-Liberal
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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Meissner M, Napolitano A, Thway K, Huang P, Jones RL. Pharmacotherapeutic strategies for epithelioid sarcoma: are we any closer to a non-surgical cure? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1395-1401. [PMID: 37326105 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2224500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epithelioid sarcoma (ES) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma subtype, predominantly occurring in children and young adults. Despite optimal management of localized disease, approximately 50% of patients develop advanced disease. The management of advanced ES remains challenging due to limited response to conventional chemotherapy and despite novel oral EZH2 inhibitors that have better tolerability but similar efficacy to chemotherapy. AREAS COVERED We performed a literature review using the PubMed (MEDLINE) and Web of Science databases. We have focused on the role of chemotherapy, targeted agents such as EZH2 inhibitors, potential new targets and immune checkpoint inhibitors and combinations of therapies currently undergoing clinical investigation. EXPERT OPINION ES is a soft tissue sarcoma with a heterogeneous pathological, clinical, and molecular presentation. In the current era of precision medicine, more trials with targeted therapies and a combination of chemotherapy or immunotherapy with targeted therapies are required to establish optimal treatment for ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Meissner
- Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Khin Thway
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Paul Huang
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Robin L Jones
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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8
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Wang L, Deng CH, Luo Q, Su XB, Shang XY, Song SJ, Cheng S, Qu YL, Zou X, Shi Y, Wang Q, Du SC, Han ZG. Inhibition of Arid1a increases stem/progenitor cell-like properties of liver cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 546:215869. [PMID: 35964817 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ARID1A, a key subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, exhibits recurrent mutations in various types of human cancers, including liver cancer. However, the function of ARID1A in the pathogenesis of liver cancer remains controversial. Here, we demonstrate that Arid1a knockout may result in states of different cell differentiation, as indicated by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis. Bulk RNA-seq also revealed that Arid1a deficiency upregulated these genes related to cell stemness and differentiation, but downregulated genes related to the hepatic functions. Furthermore, we confirmed that deficiency of Arid1a increased the expression of hepatic stem/progenitor cell markers, such as Cd133 and Epcam, and enhanced the self-renewal ability of cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that Arid1a loss remodeled the chromatin accessibility of some genes related to liver functions. Thus, Arid1a deficiency might contribute to cancer development by increasing the number of stem/progenitor-like cells through dysregulating the expression of these genes related to cell stemness, differentiation and liver functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Chuan-Huai Deng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xian-Bin Su
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xue-Ying Shang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shu-Jin Song
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Sheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yu-Lan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qian Wang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Shi-Chun Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Guang Han
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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9
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Del Savio E, Maestro R. Beyond SMARCB1 Loss: Recent Insights into the Pathobiology of Epithelioid Sarcoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172626. [PMID: 36078034 PMCID: PMC9454995 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelioid sarcoma (ES) is a very rare and aggressive mesenchymal tumor of unclear origin and uncertain lineage characterized by a prevalent epithelioid morphology. The only recurrent genetic alteration reported in ES as yet is the functional inactivation of SMARCB1 (SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1), a key component of the SWI/SNF (SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable) chromatin remodeling complexes. How SMARCB1 deficiency dictates the clinicopathological characteristics of ES and what other molecular defects concur to its malignant progression is still poorly understood. This review summarizes the recent findings about ES pathobiology, including defects in chromatin remodeling and other signaling pathways and their role as therapeutic vulnerabilities.
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10
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Moe KC, Maxwell JN, Wang J, Jones CA, Csaki GT, Florian AC, Romer AS, Bryant DL, Farone AL, Liu Q, Tansey WP, Weissmiller AM. The SWI/SNF ATPase BRG1 facilitates multiple pro-tumorigenic gene expression programs in SMARCB1-deficient cancer cells. Oncogenesis 2022; 11:30. [PMID: 35650187 PMCID: PMC9160003 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-022-00406-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is driven by the loss of the SNF5 subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex and then thought to be maintained by residual SWI/SNF (rSWI/SNF) complexes that remain present in the absence of SNF5. rSWI/SNF subunits colocalize extensively on chromatin with the transcription factor MYC, an oncogene identified as a novel driver of MRT. Currently, the role of rSWI/SNF in modulating MYC activity has neither been delineated nor has a direct link between rSWI/SNF and other oncogenes been uncovered. Here, we expose the connection between rSWI/SNF and oncogenic processes using a well-characterized chemical degrader to deplete the SWI/SNF ATPase, BRG1. Using a combination of gene expression and chromatin accessibility assays we show that rSWI/SNF complexes facilitate MYC target gene expression. We also find that rSWI/SNF maintains open chromatin at sites associated with hallmark cancer genes linked to the AP-1 transcription factor, suggesting that AP-1 may drive oncogenesis in MRT. Interestingly, changes in MYC target gene expression are not overtly connected to the chromatin remodeling function of rSWI/SNF, revealing multiple mechanisms used by rSWI/SNF to control transcription. This work provides an understanding of how residual SWI/SNF complexes may converge on multiple oncogenic processes when normal SWI/SNF function is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie C Moe
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 32132, USA
| | - Jack N Maxwell
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 32132, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Cheyenne A Jones
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 32132, USA
| | - Grace T Csaki
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 32132, USA
| | - Andrea C Florian
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Alexander S Romer
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 32132, USA
| | - Daniel L Bryant
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 32132, USA
| | - Anthony L Farone
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 32132, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - William P Tansey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - April M Weissmiller
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 32132, USA.
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11
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Rechberger JS, Nesvick CL, Daniels DJ. Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT): disease mechanisms and potential drug targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:187-192. [PMID: 35142587 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2040017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian S Rechberger
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Cody L Nesvick
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - David J Daniels
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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12
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Ye H, Liu Z, Zhang Y. Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the liver in a middle-aged woman: a case report and literature review. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:28. [PMID: 35062870 PMCID: PMC8780321 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02102-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumor (EMRT) is a rare and high-mortality malignant tumor, which is more common in infants and rarely seen in adults. We firstly report a case of liver malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) with a loss of SMARCB1 gene (alias INI1, SNF5, BAF47) expression in a middle-aged woman, and preliminarily summarize the clinical characteristics and discuss its potential treatment of liver MRT by reviewing 55 cases reported in the past. Case presentation We report a 40-year-old woman who was admitted to our hospital for right epigastric pain. Previously, the patient was treated with liver hematoma in another hospital until she came to our hospital for abdominal pain again. In our hospital, we performed surgical treatment on her and the pathology diagnosed EMRT with negative expression of SMARCB1. After surgery, the patient underwent genetic testing, but failed to screen for sensitive targeted or conventional chemotherapy drugs, and she did not receive further treatment. Due to lack of timely diagnosis and effective chemotherapy drugs, tumor recurrence and metastasis occurred one year after surgery. Then the patient chose traditional Chinese medicine for treatment. And the metastatic tumors had still progressed after one year of treatment, but the patient didn’t have obvious discomfort symptoms. Conclusions Liver MRT is a highly aggressive tumor with high metastatic potential and poor prognosis. It lacks specific symptoms and signs and is easy to be ignored and misdiagnosed. The mortality rate is extremely high as there is no effective treatment. But most tumors are accompanied by SMARCB1 deficiency, which may offer new research directions for cancer therapeutics. For the present, early detection, early diagnosis and early resection remain the key to improve the prognosis of patients.
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13
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Russi S, Sgambato A, Bochicchio AM, Zoppoli P, Aieta M, Capobianco AML, Ruggieri V, Zifarone E, Falco G, Laurino S. CHIR99021, trough GSK-3β Targeting, Reduces Epithelioid Sarcoma Cell Proliferation by Activating Mitotic Catastrophe and Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011147. [PMID: 34681807 PMCID: PMC8538073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelioid sarcoma (ES) is a rare disease representing <1% of soft tissue sarcomas. Current therapies are based on anthracycline alone or in combination with ifosfamide or other cytotoxic drugs. ES is still characterized by a poor prognosis with high rates of recurrence. Indeed, for years, ES survival rates have remained stagnant, suggesting that conventional treatments should be revised and improved. New therapeutic approaches are focused to target the key regulators of signaling pathways, the causative markers of tumor pathophysiology. To this end, we selected, among the drugs to which an ES cell line is highly sensitive, those that target signaling pathways known to be dysregulated in ES. In particular, we found a key role for GSK-3β, which results in up-regulation in tumor versus normal tissue samples and associated to poor prognosis in sarcoma patients. Following this evidence, we evaluated CHIR99021, a GSK-3 inhibitor, as a potential drug for use in ES therapy. Our data highlight that, in ES cells, CHIR99021 induces cell cycle arrest, mitotic catastrophe (MC) and autophagic response, resulting in reduced cell proliferation. Our results support the potential efficacy of CHIR99021 in ES treatment and encourage further preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabino Russi
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (A.S.); (A.M.B.); (P.Z.); (M.A.); (A.M.L.C.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (A.S.); (A.M.B.); (P.Z.); (M.A.); (A.M.L.C.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Anna Maria Bochicchio
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (A.S.); (A.M.B.); (P.Z.); (M.A.); (A.M.L.C.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Pietro Zoppoli
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (A.S.); (A.M.B.); (P.Z.); (M.A.); (A.M.L.C.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Michele Aieta
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (A.S.); (A.M.B.); (P.Z.); (M.A.); (A.M.L.C.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Alba Maria Lucia Capobianco
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (A.S.); (A.M.B.); (P.Z.); (M.A.); (A.M.L.C.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Vitalba Ruggieri
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (A.S.); (A.M.B.); (P.Z.); (M.A.); (A.M.L.C.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (S.L.)
- UOC Clinical Pathology, Altamura Hospital, 70022 Altamura, Italy
| | - Emanuela Zifarone
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (A.S.); (A.M.B.); (P.Z.); (M.A.); (A.M.L.C.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Geppino Falco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80133 Naples, Italy
- Biogem—Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Simona Laurino
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (A.S.); (A.M.B.); (P.Z.); (M.A.); (A.M.L.C.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (S.L.)
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14
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Alves A, Constantinidou A, Thway K, Fisher C, Huang P, Jones RL. The evolving management of epithelioid sarcoma. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2021; 30:e13489. [PMID: 34278633 PMCID: PMC9285437 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Alves
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Khin Thway
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.,Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Cyril Fisher
- Department of Musculoskeletal Pathology, Robert Aitken Institute for Clinical Research, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul Huang
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Robin L Jones
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.,Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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15
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Kenny C, O’Meara E, Ulaş M, Hokamp K, O’Sullivan MJ. Global Chromatin Changes Resulting from Single-Gene Inactivation-The Role of SMARCB1 in Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112561. [PMID: 34071089 PMCID: PMC8197137 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT), one of the most lethal, treatment-resistant human cancers, arises in young children within brain, kidney, liver and/or soft tissues. Generally, cancer arises in older adults, and results from multiple significant changes (mutations) accumulating in the genetic blueprint (DNA) of a person’s tissues. This blueprint is composed of a 4-letter alphabet. Together, the multiple significant changes in the blueprint then allow a cell to go “out of control”, becoming a cancer cell. The striking thing about MRT is that it has only a single spelling change, so that mutation must be very powerful to lead to such a lethal cancer. Using a model system that we developed, we show herein how this single mutation alters how the whole of the DNA is arranged, thereby having its profound and lethal effects. We present insights into how this mutation arrests maturation of the cells, keeping them in a cancer “state”. Abstract Human cancer typically results from the stochastic accumulation of multiple oncogene-activating and tumor-suppressor gene-inactivating mutations. However, this process takes time and especially in the context of certain pediatric cancer, fewer but more ‘impactful’ mutations may in short order produce the full-blown cancer phenotype. This is well exemplified by the highly aggressive malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT), where the only gene classically showing recurrent inactivation is SMARCB1, a subunit member of the BAF chromatin-remodeling complex. This is true of all three presentations of MRT including MRT of kidney (MRTK), MRT of the central nervous system (atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor—ATRT) and extracranial, extrarenal rhabdoid tumor (EERT). Our reverse modeling of rhabdoid tumors with isogenic cell lines, either induced or not induced, to express SMARCB1 showed widespread differential chromatin remodeling indicative of altered BAF complex activity with ensuant histone modifications when tested by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq). The changes due to reintroduction of SMARCB1 were preponderantly at typical enhancers with tandem BAF complex occupancy at these sites and related gene activation, as substantiated also by transcriptomic data. Indeed, for both MRTK and ATRT cells, there is evidence of an overlap between SMARCB1-dependent enhancer activation and tissue-specific lineage-determining genes. These genes are inactive in the tumor state, conceivably arresting the cells in a primitive/undifferentiated state. This epigenetic dysregulation from inactivation of a chromatin-remodeling complex subunit contributes to an improved understanding of the complex pathophysiological basis of MRT, one of the most lethal and aggressive human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Kenny
- School of Medicine, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland;
| | - Elaine O’Meara
- School of Medicine, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland;
| | - Mevlüt Ulaş
- The National Children’s Research Centre, O’Sullivan Research Laboratory, Oncology Division, Gate 5, Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, D12N512 Dublin, Ireland; (E.O.); (M.U.)
| | - Karsten Hokamp
- School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland;
| | - Maureen J. O’Sullivan
- School of Medicine, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland;
- The National Children’s Research Centre, O’Sullivan Research Laboratory, Oncology Division, Gate 5, Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, D12N512 Dublin, Ireland; (E.O.); (M.U.)
- Histology Laboratory, Pathology Department, Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, D12N512 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pediatric renal tumors account for 7% of new cancer diagnoses in children. Here, we will review results from recently completed clinical trials informing the current standard of care and discuss targeted and immune therapies being explored for the treatment of high risk or relapsed/refractory pediatric renal malignancies. RECENT FINDINGS Cooperative group trials have continued to make improvements in the care of children with pediatric tumors. In particular, trials that standardize treatment of rare cancers (e.g., bilateral Wilms tumor) have improved outcomes significantly. We have seen improvements in event free and overall survival in recently completed clinical trials for many pediatric renal tumors. Still, there are subsets of rarer cancers where outcomes remain poor and new therapeutic strategies are needed. Future trials aim to balance treatment toxicity with treatment efficacy for those with excellent outcomes while identifying novel therapeutics for those with poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Jain
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory Children's Center, 2015 Uppergate Drive NE , 400, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Kathryn S Sutton
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory Children's Center, 2015 Uppergate Drive NE, 434B, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Andrew L Hong
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Health Sciences Research Building, 1760 Haygood Drive NE, E-370, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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17
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Munakata W, Shirasugi Y, Tobinai K, Onizuka M, Makita S, Suzuki R, Maruyama D, Kawai H, Izutsu K, Nakanishi T, Shiba S, Hojo S, Ando K. Phase 1 study of tazemetostat in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1123-1131. [PMID: 33492746 PMCID: PMC7935786 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tazemetostat is a selective and orally available inhibitor of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase and epigenetic regulator of cellular differentiation programs. We carried out a phase I study of tazemetostat in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory B‐cell non‐Hodgkin‐type lymphoma (B‐NHL) to evaluate its tolerability, safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary antitumor activity. Methods Tazemetostat was given orally at a single dose of 800 mg on the first day and 800 mg twice daily (BID: total 1600 mg/d) on following days in a 28‐day/cycle manner. Tazemetostat dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT) was evaluated up to the end of the first treatment cycle. Archival tumor tissues were analyzed for hotspot EZH2 mutations. Results As of 15 January 2018, seven patients (four follicular lymphoma [FL] and three diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma [DLBCL]) were enrolled. The median age was 73 (range, 59‐85) years, and the median number of prior chemotherapy regimens was three (range, one to five). No DLT was observed (one patient was not evaluable due to early disease progression). The common treatment‐related adverse events (AEs) were thrombocytopenia and dysgeusia (three patients each; 42.9%). No treatment‐related serious AEs were observed. The objective response rate was 57% (4/7 patients), including responses in three of four patients with FL and one of three patients with DLBCL. An EZH2 mutation was detected in one patient with FL responding to treatment. Conclusions Tazemetostat at 800 mg BID showed an acceptable safety profile and promising antitumor activity in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory B‐NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Munakata
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Shirasugi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Kensei Tobinai
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Onizuka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Shinichi Makita
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rikio Suzuki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Dai Maruyama
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Kawai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Koji Izutsu
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Sari Shiba
- Clinical Pharmacology Science Department, Eisai Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seichiro Hojo
- Clinical Data Science Department, Eisai Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ando
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
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18
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Guo W, Wang Y, Yang M, Wang Z, Wang Y, Chaurasia S, Wu Z, Zhang M, Yadav GS, Rathod S, Concha-Benavente F, Fernandez C, Li S, Xie W, Ferris RL, Kammula US, Lu B, Yang D. LincRNA-immunity landscape analysis identifies EPIC1 as a regulator of tumor immune evasion and immunotherapy resistance. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabb3555. [PMID: 33568470 PMCID: PMC7875530 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb3555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Through an integrative analysis of the lincRNA expression and tumor immune response in 9,626 tumor samples across 32 cancer types, we developed a lincRNA-based immune response (LIMER) score that can predict the immune cells infiltration and patient prognosis in multiple cancer types. Our analysis also identified tumor-specific lincRNAs, including EPIC1, that potentially regulate tumor immune response in multiple cancer types. Immunocompetent mouse models and in vitro co-culture assays demonstrated that EPIC1 induces tumor immune evasion and resistance to immunotherapy by suppressing tumor cell antigen presentation. Mechanistically, lincRNA EPIC1 interacts with the histone methyltransferase EZH2, leading to the epigenetic silencing of IFNGR1, TAP1/2, ERAP1/2, and MHC-I genes. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 abolish EPIC1's immune-related oncogenic effect and its suppression of interferon-γ signaling. The EPIC1-EZH2 axis emerges as a potential mechanism for tumor immune evasion that can serve as therapeutic targets for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Guo
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Zehua Wang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Yifei Wang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Smriti Chaurasia
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Ghanshyam Singh Yadav
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sanjay Rathod
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Fernando Concha-Benavente
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Christian Fernandez
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Song Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Wen Xie
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Robert L Ferris
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Udai S Kammula
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Binfeng Lu
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Da Yang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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19
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Carmel-Gross I, Levy E, Armon L, Yaron O, Waldman Ben-Asher H, Urbach A. Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Fate Regulation by SMARCB1. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:1037-1046. [PMID: 33125876 PMCID: PMC7664050 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation by the SWI/SNF complex is essential for normal self-renewal capacity and pluripotency of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). It has been shown that different subunits of the complex have a distinct role in this regulation. Specifically, the SMARCB1 subunit has been shown to regulate the activity of enhancers in diverse types of cells, including hPSCs. Here, we report the establishment of conditional hPSC lines, enabling control of SMARCB1 expression from complete loss of function to significant overexpression. Using this system, we show that any deviation from normal SMARCB1 expression leads to cell differentiation. We further found that SMARCB1 expression is not required for differentiation of hPSCs into progenitor cells, but rather for later stages of differentiation. Finally, we identify SMARCB1 as a critical player in regulation of cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions in hPSCs and show that this regulation is mediated at least in part by the WNT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Carmel-Gross
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Etgar Levy
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Leah Armon
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Orly Yaron
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Hiba Waldman Ben-Asher
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Achia Urbach
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.
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20
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Abstract
The Trithorax group (TrxG) of proteins is a large family of epigenetic regulators that form multiprotein complexes to counteract repressive developmental gene expression programmes established by the Polycomb group of proteins and to promote and maintain an active state of gene expression. Recent studies are providing new insights into how two crucial families of the TrxG - the COMPASS family of histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferases and the SWI/SNF family of chromatin remodelling complexes - regulate gene expression and developmental programmes, and how misregulation of their activities through genetic abnormalities leads to pathologies such as developmental disorders and malignancies.
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21
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Bian J, Dannappel M, Wan C, Firestein R. Transcriptional Regulation of Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092125. [PMID: 32961708 PMCID: PMC7564852 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway exerts integral roles in embryogenesis and adult homeostasis. Aberrant activation of the pathway is implicated in growth-associated diseases and cancers, especially as a key driver in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Loss or inactivation of Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) results in constitutive activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is considered as an initiating event in the development of CRC. Increased Wnt/β-catenin signaling is observed in virtually all CRC patients, underscoring the importance of this pathway for therapeutic intervention. Prior studies have deciphered the regulatory networks required for the cytoplasmic stabilisation or degradation of the Wnt pathway effector, β-catenin. However, the mechanism whereby nuclear β-catenin drives or inhibits expression of Wnt target genes is more diverse and less well characterised. Here, we describe a brief synopsis of the core canonical Wnt pathway components, set the spotlight on nuclear mediators and highlight the emerging role of chromatin regulators as modulators of β-catenin-dependent transcription activity and oncogenic output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Bian
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (J.B.); (M.D.); (C.W.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Marius Dannappel
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (J.B.); (M.D.); (C.W.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Chunhua Wan
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (J.B.); (M.D.); (C.W.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ron Firestein
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (J.B.); (M.D.); (C.W.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Correspondence:
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22
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Sugimoto Y, Katsumi Y, Iehara T, Kaneda D, Tomoyasu C, Ouchi K, Yoshida H, Miyachi M, Yagyu S, Kikuchi K, Tsuchiya K, Kuwahara Y, Sakai T, Hosoi H. The Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, OBP-801, Induces Apoptosis in Rhabdoid Tumors by Releasing the Silencing of NOXA. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1992-2000. [PMID: 32847975 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdoid tumor is an aggressive, early childhood tumor. Biallelic inactivation of the SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 (SMARCB1)/integrase interactor 1 (INI1) gene is the only common genetic feature in rhabdoid tumors. Loss of SMARCB1 function results in downregulation of several tumor suppressor genes including p16, p21, and NOXA The novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, OBP-801, induces p21 and has shown efficacy against various cancers. In our study, OBP-801 strongly inhibited the cell growth of all rhabdoid tumor cell lines in WST-8 assay. However, Western blotting and cell-cycle analysis revealed that OBP-801 did not activate the P21-RB pathway in some cell lines. p21 knockout indicated that p21 did not dominate the OBP-801 antitumor effect in rhabdoid tumor cell lines. We discovered that OBP-801 induced NOXA expression and caspase-dependent apoptosis in rhabdoid tumor cell lines independent of TP53. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that OBP-801 acetylated histone proteins and recruited RNA polymerase II to the transcription start site (TSS) of the NOXA promotor. Moreover, OBP-801 recruited BRG1 and BAF155, which are members of the SWI/SNF complex, to the TSS of the NOXA promotor. These results suggest that OBP-801 epigenetically releases the silencing of NOXA and induces apoptosis in rhabdoid tumors. OBP-801 strongly inhibited tumor growth in human rhabdoid tumor xenograft mouse models in vivo Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling and cleaved caspase-3 were stained in tumors treated with OBP-801. In conclusion, OBP-801 induces apoptosis in rhabdoid tumor cells by epigenetically releasing the silencing of NOXA, which is a key mediator of rhabdoid tumor apoptosis. The epigenetic approach for NOXA silencing with OBP-801 is promising for rhabdoid tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sugimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Katsumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Iehara
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Kaneda
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Japan Community Health care Organization (JCHO), Kobe Central Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tomoyasu
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto City Hospital, Nakagyo Ward, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Miyachi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeki Yagyu
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Kikuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Tsuchiya
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasumichi Kuwahara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakai
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Hosoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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23
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Shaverdashvili K, Azimi-Nekoo E, Cohen P, Akbar N, Ow TJ, Halmos B, Castellucci E. INI-1 (SMARCB1)-Deficient Undifferentiated Sinonasal Carcinoma: Novel Paradigm of Molecular Testing in the Diagnosis and Management of Sinonasal Malignancies. Oncologist 2020; 25:738-744. [PMID: 32337786 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinonasal tumors consist of a group of rare heterogeneous malignancies, accounting for 3%-5% of all head and neck cancers. Although squamous cell carcinomas make up a significant portion of cancers arising in the sinonasal tract, there are a variety of aggressive tumor types that can present with a poorly differentiated morphology and continue to pose diagnostic challenges. Accurate classification of these unique malignancies has treatment implications for patients. Recent discoveries have allowed more detailed molecular characterization of subsets of these tumor types, and may lead to individualized treatments. INI-1 (SMARCB1)-deficient sinonasal carcinoma is a recently identified subtype of sinonasal malignancy, which is characterized by deletion of the INI-1 tumor suppressor gene. Loss of INI-1 expression has emerged as an important diagnostic feature in several human malignancies including a subset of sinonasal carcinomas. In this article, we present a case of INI-1 (SMARCB1)-deficient sinonasal carcinoma, provide an overview of recent advances in histological and molecular classification of sinonasal malignancies, and discuss challenges of caring for patients with these rare malignancies, as well as potential treatment implications. KEY POINTS: Clinicians and pathologists should recognize that a variety of sinonasal tumors can present with a poorly differentiated morphology that warrants further workup and molecular classification. Routine workup of poorly or undifferentiated sinonasal tumors should include testing for INI-1/SMARCB1, SMARCA4, and NUT. Patients with these molecularly defined subsets of tumors may benefit from clinical trials that seek to exploit these molecular alterations. The EZH2 inhibitor, tazemetostat, has demonstrated some antitumor activity in INI-1-deficient tumors, and is currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khvaramze Shaverdashvili
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Elham Azimi-Nekoo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Perry Cohen
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Nadeem Akbar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Thomas J Ow
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Balazs Halmos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Enrico Castellucci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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24
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SMARCB1 Acts as a Quiescent Gatekeeper for Cell Cycle and Immune Response in Human Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113969. [PMID: 32492816 PMCID: PMC7312701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF)-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin (SMARC) subfamily B member 1 (SMARCB1) is a core subunit of the switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex, one of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent chromatin remodeler complexes. The unique role of SMARCB1 has been reported in various cellular contexts. Here, we focused on the general role of the ubiquitous expression of SMARCB1 in a normal cell state. We selected ARPE19 (human primary retinal pigment epithelium) and IMR90 (from human fetal lung fibroblasts) cell lines as they have completely different contexts. Furthermore, although these cell lines have been immortalized, they are relatively close to normal human cells. The loss of SMARCB1 in ARPE19 and IMR90 cells reduced cell cycle progression via the upregulation of P21. Transcriptome analysis followed by SMARCB1 knockdown in both cell lines revealed that SMARCB1 was not only involved in cell maintenance but also conferred immunomodulation. Of note, SMARCB1 bound to interleukin (IL) 6 promoter in a steady state and dissociated in an active immune response state, suggesting that SMARCB1 was a direct repressor of IL6, which was further confirmed via loss- and gain-of-function studies. Taken together, we demonstrated that SMARCB1 is a critical gatekeeper molecule of the cell cycle and immune response.
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25
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Sekita T, Yamada T, Kobayashi E, Yoshida A, Hirozane T, Kawai A, Uno Y, Moriyama H, Sawa M, Nagakawa Y, Tsuchida A, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Nakayama R, Masuda M. Feasibility of Targeting Traf2-and-Nck-Interacting Kinase in Synovial Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051258. [PMID: 32429395 PMCID: PMC7281028 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The treatment of patients with metastatic synovial sarcoma is still challenging, and the development of new molecular therapeutics is desirable. Dysregulation of Wnt signaling has been implicated in synovial sarcoma. Traf2-and-Nck-interacting kinase (TNIK) is an essential transcriptional co-regulator of Wnt target genes. We examined the efficacy of a small interfering RNA (siRNA) to TNIK and a small-molecule TNIK inhibitor, NCB-0846, for synovial sarcoma. Methods: The expression of TNIK was determined in 20 clinical samples of synovial sarcoma. The efficacy of NCB-0846 was evaluated in four synovial sarcoma cell lines and a mouse xenograft model. Results: We found that synovial sarcoma cell lines with Wnt activation were highly dependent upon the expression of TNIK for proliferation and survival. NCB-0846 induced apoptotic cell death in synovial sarcoma cells through blocking of Wnt target genes including MYC, and oral administration of NCB-846 induced regression of xenografts established by inoculation of synovial sarcoma cells. Discussion: It has become evident that activation of Wnt signaling is causatively involved in the pathogenesis of synovial sarcoma, but no molecular therapeutics targeting the pathway have been approved. This study revealed for the first time the therapeutic potential of TNIK inhibition in synovial sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Sekita
- Laboratory of Collaborative Research, Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (T.S.); (M.M.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (T.H.); (M.M.); (M.N.); (R.N.)
| | - Tesshi Yamada
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (Y.N.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eisuke Kobayashi
- Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (E.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Akihiko Yoshida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | - Toru Hirozane
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (T.H.); (M.M.); (M.N.); (R.N.)
| | - Akira Kawai
- Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (E.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Yuko Uno
- Carna Biosciences, Inc., Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (Y.U.); (H.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Hideki Moriyama
- Carna Biosciences, Inc., Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (Y.U.); (H.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Masaaki Sawa
- Carna Biosciences, Inc., Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (Y.U.); (H.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Yuichi Nagakawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (Y.N.); (A.T.)
| | - Akihiko Tsuchida
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (Y.N.); (A.T.)
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (T.H.); (M.M.); (M.N.); (R.N.)
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (T.H.); (M.M.); (M.N.); (R.N.)
| | - Robert Nakayama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (T.H.); (M.M.); (M.N.); (R.N.)
| | - Mari Masuda
- Laboratory of Collaborative Research, Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (T.S.); (M.M.)
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26
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Liu X, Hu G, Ye J, Ye B, Shen N, Tao Y, Zhang X, Fan Y, Liu H, Zhang Z, Fang D, Gu X, Mo X, Yu Y. De Novo ARID1B mutations cause growth delay associated with aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:1012-1024. [PMID: 31981384 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of ARID1B (AT-rich interaction domain 1B) has been involved in autism spectrum disorder, nonsyndromic and syndromic intellectual disability, and corpus callosum agenesis. Growth impairment is a major clinical feature caused by ARID1B mutations; however, the mechanistic link has not been elucidated. Here, we confirm that growth delay is a common characteristic of patients with ARID1B mutations, which may be associated with dysregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. An analysis of patients harboring pathogenic variants of ARID1B revealed that nearly half had short stature and nearly all had below-average height. Moreover, the percentage of patients with short stature increased with age. Knockdown of arid1b in zebrafish embryos markedly reduced body length and perturbed the expression of both chondrogenic and osteogenic genes including sox9a, col2a1a, runx2b, and col10a1. Knockout of Arid1b in chondrogenic ATDC5 cells inhibited chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Finally, Wnt/β-catenin signaling was perturbed in Arid1b-depleted zebrafish embryos and Arid1b knockout ATDC5 cells. These data indicate that ARID1B modulates bone growth possibly via regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and may be an appropriate target for gene therapy in disorders of growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Liu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guorui Hu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Ye
- Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou University Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Nan Shen
- The Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Tao
- The Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjie Fan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huili Liu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou University Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Danfeng Fang
- Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou University Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Xuefan Gu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Mo
- The Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongguo Yu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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27
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Wu S, Wang J, Li J, Li F. microRNA-21 Aggravates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in MH7A Cells Through Targeting SNF5. Inflammation 2020; 43:441-454. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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28
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Identifying Secondary Mutations in Chinese Patients with Imatinib-Resistant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:91-100. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Stroup EK, Yeu Y, Budhipramono A, Hwang TH, Rakheja D, Erdreich‐Epstein A, Laetsch TW, Amatruda JF, Chen KS. WT‐CLS1
is a rhabdoid tumor cell line and can be inhibited by
miR
‐16. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kunce Stroup
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA
| | - Yunku Yeu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic Cleveland OH USA
| | - Albert Budhipramono
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA
| | - Tae Hyun Hwang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic Cleveland OH USA
| | - Dinesh Rakheja
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineChildren's Health Children's Medical Center Dallas TX USA
| | - Anat Erdreich‐Epstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
- Department of Pathology, Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Theodore W. Laetsch
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA
- Gill Center for Cancer and Blood DisordersChildren's Health Children's Medical Center Dallas TX USA
| | - James F. Amatruda
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA
- Gill Center for Cancer and Blood DisordersChildren's Health Children's Medical Center Dallas TX USA
| | - Kenneth S. Chen
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA
- Gill Center for Cancer and Blood DisordersChildren's Health Children's Medical Center Dallas TX USA
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30
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Liu Y, Bao Z, Tian W, Huang G. miR-885-5p suppresses osteosarcoma proliferation, migration and invasion through regulation of β-catenin. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:1996-2004. [PMID: 30675266 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) have been reported to serve key roles in cancer. To investigate the function of miR-885-5p in osteosarcoma, the expression levels of miR-885-5p were analyzed in 85 osteosarcoma tissue samples and adjacent non-cancerous tissue samples, using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. It was demonstrated that miR-885-5p was downregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. Notably, the expression level of miR-885-5p was closely associated with tumor size, Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage and lymph node metastasis. Additionally, low expression levels of miR-885-5p also predicted a poor prognosis of osteosarcoma. To further decipher the roles of miR-885-5p in osteosarcoma, it was determined that β-catenin, a key component of the Wnt signaling pathway, was a target of miR-885-5p. Furthermore, several functional experiments, including a colony formation assay, CCK-8 assay, wound healing assay and Transwell invasion assay, revealed that miR-885-5p suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion through inhibition of β-catenin. The results of the present study provide a novel insight into the molecular roles of miR-885-5p in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, Jingjiang Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
| | - Zili Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, Jingjiang Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
| | - Wanqing Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Jingjiang Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
| | - Guicheng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
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Nesvick CL, Nageswara Rao AA, Raghunathan A, Biegel JA, Daniels DJ. Case-based review: atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor. Neurooncol Pract 2018; 6:163-178. [PMID: 31386032 DOI: 10.1093/nop/npy037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a rare CNS cancer that typically occurs in children younger than 3 years of age. Histologically, AT/RTs are embryonal tumors that contain a rhabdoid component as well as areas with primitive neuroectodermal, mesenchymal, and epithelial features. Compared to other CNS tumors of childhood, AT/RTs are characterized by their rapid growth, short symptomatic prodrome, and large size upon presentation, often leading to brain compression and intracranial hypertension requiring urgent intervention. For decades, the mainstay of care has been a combination of maximal safe surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Despite advances in each of these modalities, the relative paucity of data on these tumors, their inherently aggressive course, and a lack of molecular data have limited advances in treatment over the past 3 decades. Recent large-scale, multicenter interdisciplinary studies, however, have significantly advanced our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of these tumors. Multiple clinical trials testing molecularly targeted therapies are underway, offering hope for patients with AT/RT and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody L Nesvick
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amulya A Nageswara Rao
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aditya Raghunathan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jaclyn A Biegel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, USA
| | - David J Daniels
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Abstract
Defects in chromatin modifiers and remodelers have been described both for hematological and solid malignancies, corroborating and strengthening the role of epigenetic aberrations in the etiology of cancer. Furthermore, epigenetic marks-DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and microRNA-can be considered potential markers of cancer development and progression. Here, we review whether altered epigenetic landscapes are merely a consequence of chromatin modifier/remodeler aberrations or a hallmark of cancer etiology. We critically evaluate current knowledge on causal epigenetic aberrations and examine to what extent the prioritization of (epi)genetic deregulations can be assessed in cancer as some type of genetic lesion characterizing solid cancer progression. We also discuss the multiple challenges in developing compounds targeting epigenetic enzymes (named epidrugs) for epigenetic-based therapies. The implementation of acquired knowledge of epigenetic biomarkers for patient stratification, together with the development of next-generation epidrugs and predictive models, will take our understanding and use of cancer epigenetics in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer patients to a new level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Nebbioso
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli," Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Tambaro
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Trapianto di Midollo Osseo-Azienda Ospedialiera di Rilievo Nazionale, Santobono-Pausilipon, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmela Dell'Aversana
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli," Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli," Napoli, Italy
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Tazemetostat, an EZH2 inhibitor, in relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and advanced solid tumours: a first-in-human, open-label, phase 1 study. Lancet Oncol 2018; 19:649-659. [PMID: 29650362 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activating enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) mutations or aberrations of the switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex (eg, mutations or deletions of the subunits INI1 or SMARCA4) can lead to aberrant histone methylation, oncogenic transformation, and a proliferative dependency on EZH2 activity. In this first-in-human study, we aimed to investigate the safety, clinical activity, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of tazemetostat, a first-in-class selective inhibitor of EZH2. METHODS We did an open-label, multicentre, dose-escalation, phase 1 study using a 3 + 3 design with planned cohort expansion at the two highest doses below the maximally tolerated dose. The study was done at two centres in France: Institut Gustave Roussy (Villejuif, Val de Marne) and Institut Bergonié (Bordeaux, Gironde). Eligible patients had relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma or an advanced solid tumour and were older than 18 years, with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1, and adequate end-organ function. Tazemetostat was administered orally from 100 mg twice daily to 1600 mg twice daily in 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was to establish the maximum tolerated dose or recommended phase 2 dose of tazemetostat, as determined by dose-limiting toxicities, laboratory values, and other safety or pharmacokinetic measures in cycle one according to local investigator assessment. Safety was assessed in patients who received at least one dose of tazemetostat; antitumour activity was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01897571. The phase 1 part of the study is complete, and phase 2 is ongoing. FINDINGS Between June 13, 2013, and Sept 21, 2016, 64 patients (21 with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and 43 with advanced solid tumours) received doses of tazemetostat. The most common treatment-related adverse events, regardless of attribution, were asthenia (21 [33%] of 64 treatment-related events), anaemia (nine [14%]), anorexia (four [6%]), muscle spasms (nine [14%]), nausea (13 [20%]), and vomiting (six [9%]), usually grade 1 or 2 in severity. A single dose-limiting toxicity of grade 4 thrombocytopenia was identified at the highest dose of 1600 mg twice daily. No treatment-related deaths occurred; seven (11%) patients had non-treatment-related deaths (one at 200 mg twice daily, four at 400 mg twice daily, and two at 1600 mg twice daily). The recommended phase 2 dose was determined to be 800 mg twice daily. Durable objective responses, including complete responses, were observed in eight (38%) of 21 patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and two (5%) of 43 patients with solid tumours. INTERPRETATION Tazemetostat showed a favourable safety profile and antitumour activity in patients with refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and advanced solid tumours, including epithelioid sarcoma. Further clinical investigation of tazemetostat monotherapy is ongoing in phase 2 studies in adults and a phase 1 study for children, which are currently enrolling patients who have B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and INI1-negative or SMARCA4-negative tumours. FUNDING Epizyme and Eisai.
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Nemes K, Frühwald MC. Emerging therapeutic targets for the treatment of malignant rhabdoid tumors. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018. [PMID: 29528755 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1451839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor (MRT) is a rare and highly aggressive malignancy primarily affecting infants and young children. The most common anatomic locations are the central nervous system (AT/RT), the kidneys (RTK) and other soft tissues (eMRT). The genetic origin of this disease is linked to mutations in SMARCB1, a gene encoding a core subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex. Areas covered: Conventional multimodal treatment may offer a significant survival benefit to certain patients. It remains to be determined, however, which patients will prove resistant to chemotherapy and need novel therapeutic approaches. Herein we discuss key signal transduction pathways involved in the pathogenesis of rhabdoid tumors for potential targeted therapy (EZH2, DNMT, HDAC, CDK4/6/Cyclin D1/Rb, AURKA, SHH/GLI1, Wnt/ß-Catenin, immunotherapy). Additional agents currently evaluated in preclinical settings and experimental clinical trials are discussed. Expert opinion: MRTs are genetically homogeneous, but epigenetically distinct malignancies. While there is an abundance of experimental in vitro studies evaluating potential therapeutic avenues, a dearth of clinical trials specifically for this entity persists. In order to improve outcome patients need to be carefully stratified and treated by targeted therapies combined with conventional chemotherapy or with new, less selective experimental agents in phase I/II clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Nemes
- a Swabian Children's Cancer Center , Children's Hospital, Klinikum Augsburg , Augsburg , Germany
| | - Michael C Frühwald
- a Swabian Children's Cancer Center , Children's Hospital, Klinikum Augsburg , Augsburg , Germany
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Mathur R, Roberts CW. SWI/SNF (BAF) Complexes: Guardians of the Epigenome. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030617-050151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Mathur
- Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Charles W.M. Roberts
- Department of Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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Tao Y, Xin M, Cheng H, Huang Z, Hu T, Zhang T, Wang J. TRIM37 promotes tumor cell proliferation and drug resistance in pediatric osteosarcoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6365-6372. [PMID: 29163677 PMCID: PMC5686442 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is among the most frequently occurring bone tumors, particularly in children. Clinical treatment of OS is limited due to several factors including resistance to chemotherapy drugs and metastasis, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, tripartite motif containing 37 (TRIM37) expression levels were upregulated in tumor samples and associated with the development of drug resistance in OS. Furthermore, chemotherapy drug treatment (doxorubicin, cisplatin and methotrexate) induced TRIM37 expression in OS cells in vitro. TRIM37 mRNA and protein were upregulated in 41 pediatric osteosarcoma clinical specimens. To further elucidate the effect of TRIM37, gain and loss-of-function analysis was performed. Overexpression of TRIM37 induced cell proliferation and drug resistance ability of OS cells, whilst TRIM37 knockdown suppressed cell growth rate and restored chemosensitivity. TRIM37-regulated genes were subsequently analyzed by expression microarray and gene set enrichment analysis. Using the Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor XAV-939, the present study demonstrated that TRIM37-induced chemoresistance is partially dependent on the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Collectively, the results of the present study suggest that TRIM37 may have a key role in the development of OS and in the ability for the cells to acquire drug resistance, thus it may be a novel target for the treatment of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Tao
- Department of Pediatrics, Jining Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Meiyun Xin
- Department of Pediatrics, Jining Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Huanchen Cheng
- Harbin Research Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Zongxuan Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jining Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jining Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jining Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
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Wang W, Zhang Y, Yuan Y, Yuan R, Yang Y, Zhang X, Wen D, Huang F, Wang J. Opposing roles of ICAT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in NSC67657-induced monocytic differentiation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69924-69933. [PMID: 29050252 PMCID: PMC5642527 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
NSC67657 is a new steroid drug that induces monocytic differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Here, we demonstrate that NSC67657 has opposing effects on expression of downstream targets of inhibitor of β-catenin and TCF (ICAT) and Wnt signaling in HL60 cells. ICAT binds to β-catenin, and this interaction is further increased in NSC67657-differentiated cells. ICAT overexpression decreases expression of Wnt downstream targets and increases sensitivity of HL60 cells to NSC67657, while ICAT silencing increases Wnt signaling and delays the NSC67657-induced cell differentiation. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling increases the NSC67657-induced cell differentiation, while activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibits the differentiation, indicating Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibits NSC67657-induced monocytic differentiation of HL60 cells. Our data demonstrate the opposing roles of ICAT and Wnt signaling in the NSC67657-induced monocytic differentiation, and suggest that ICAT and Wnt signaling may serve as therapeutic targets for leukemia chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Wang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Sun Yat-Sen University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan 528403, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by The Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Sun Yat-Sen University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan 528403, PR China
| | - Runqiang Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Sun Yat-Sen University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan 528403, PR China
| | - Youye Yang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Sun Yat-Sen University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan 528403, PR China
| | - Xiuming Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Sun Yat-Sen University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan 528403, PR China
| | - Dongmei Wen
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Sun Yat-Sen University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan 528403, PR China
| | - Fuda Huang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Sun Yat-Sen University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan 528403, PR China
| | - Jinshu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by The Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
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Krämer KF, Moreno N, Frühwald MC, Kerl K. BRD9 Inhibition, Alone or in Combination with Cytostatic Compounds as a Therapeutic Approach in Rhabdoid Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071537. [PMID: 28714904 PMCID: PMC5536025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdoid tumors (RT) are malignant neoplasms of early childhood. Despite intensive therapy, survival is poor and new treatment approaches are required. The only recurrent mutations in these tumors affect SMARCB1 and less commonly SMARCA4, both subunits of the chromatin remodeling complex SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF). Loss of these two core subunits alters the function of the SWI/SNF complex, resulting in tumor development. We hypothesized that inhibition of aberrant SWI/SNF function by selective blockade of the BRD9 subunit of the SWI/SNF complex would reduce tumor cell proliferation. The cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects of two specific chemical probes (I-BRD9 and BI-9564) which target the bromodomain of SWI/SNF protein BRD9 were evaluated in 5 RT cell lines. Combinatorial effects of I-BRD9 and cytotoxic drugs on cell proliferation were evaluated by cytotoxicity assays. Single compound treatment of RT cells with I-BRD9 and BI-9564 resulted in decreased cell proliferation, G1-arrest and apoptosis. Combined treatment of doxorubicin or carboplatin with I-BRD9 resulted in additive to synergistic inhibitory effects on cell proliferation. In contrast, the combination of I-BRD9 with vincristine demonstrated the antagonistic effects of these two compounds. We conclude that the BRD9 bromodomain is an attractive target for novel therapies in this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja F Krämer
- University Children's Hospital Muenster, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Natalia Moreno
- University Children's Hospital Muenster, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Michael C Frühwald
- Children's Hospital and Swabian Children's Cancer Center, 86156 Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Kornelius Kerl
- University Children's Hospital Muenster, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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40
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Combined BRD4 and CDK9 inhibition as a new therapeutic approach in malignant rhabdoid tumors. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84986-84995. [PMID: 29156698 PMCID: PMC5689588 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdoid tumors are caused by the deletion of SMARCB1, whose protein encodes the SMARCB1 subunit of the chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF that is involved in global chromatin organization and gene expression control. Simultaneously inhibiting the main players involved in the deregulated transcription machinery is a promising option for preventing exaggerated tumor cell proliferation and survival as it may bypass compensatory mechanisms. In support of this hypothesis, we report efficient impairment of cellular proliferation and strong induction of cell death elicited by inhibition of bromodomain protein BRD4 and transcription kinase CDK9 using small molecular compounds. Combination of both compounds efficiently represses antiapoptotic genes and the oncogene MYC. Our results provide a novel approach for the treatment of RT.
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41
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Kohashi K, Oda Y. Oncogenic roles of SMARCB1/INI1 and its deficient tumors. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:547-552. [PMID: 28109176 PMCID: PMC5406539 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SMARCB1/INI1 is one of the core subunit proteins of the ATP-dependent SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, and is identified as a potent and bona fide tumor suppressor. Interactions have been demonstrated between SMARCB1/INI1 and key proteins in various pathways related to tumor proliferation and progression: the p16-RB pathway, WNT signaling pathway, sonic hedgehog signaling pathway and Polycomb pathway. Initially, no detectable SMARCB1/INI1 protein expression was found in malignant rhabdoid tumor cells, whereas all other kinds of tumor cells and non-tumorous tissue showed SMARCB1/INI1 protein expression. Therefore, immunohistochemical testing for the SMARCB1/INI1 antibody has been considered useful in confirming the histologic diagnosis of malignant rhabdoid tumors. However, recently, aberrant expression of SMARCB1/INI1 has been found in various tumors such as epithelioid sarcomas, schwannomatosis, synovial sarcomas, and so on. In addition, it has been reported that aberrant expression can be classified into three patterns: complete loss, mosaic expression and reduced expression. Although the various pathways related to mechanisms of tumorigenesis and tumor proliferation are complexly intertwined, the clarification of these mechanisms may contribute to therapeutic strategies in SMARCB1/INI1-deficient tumors. In terms of pathological classifications, SMARCB1/INI1-deficient tumors may be re-classified by genetic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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42
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Extrarenal rhabdoid tumor of the brachial plexus in a five-year-old female: A case report and review of the literature. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Hodges C, Kirkland JG, Crabtree GR. The Many Roles of BAF (mSWI/SNF) and PBAF Complexes in Cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:cshperspect.a026930. [PMID: 27413115 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, a host of epigenetic mechanisms were found to contribute to cancer and other human diseases. Several genomic studies have revealed that ∼20% of malignancies have alterations of the subunits of polymorphic BRG-/BRM-associated factor (BAF) and Polybromo-associated BAF (PBAF) complexes, making them among the most frequently mutated complexes in cancer. Recurrent mutations arise in genes encoding several BAF/PBAF subunits, including ARID1A, ARID2, PBRM1, SMARCA4, and SMARCB1 These subunits share some degree of conservation with subunits from related adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes in model organisms, in which a large body of work provides insight into their roles in cancer. Here, we review the roles of BAF- and PBAF-like complexes in these organisms, and relate these findings to recent discoveries in cancer epigenomics. We review several roles of BAF and PBAF complexes in cancer, including transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, and regulation of chromatin architecture and topology. More recent results highlight the need for new techniques to study these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Hodges
- Departments of Pathology, Developmental Biology, and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Jacob G Kirkland
- Departments of Pathology, Developmental Biology, and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Gerald R Crabtree
- Departments of Pathology, Developmental Biology, and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
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Chun HJE, Lim EL, Heravi-Moussavi A, Saberi S, Mungall KL, Bilenky M, Carles A, Tse K, Shlafman I, Zhu K, Qian JQ, Palmquist DL, He A, Long W, Goya R, Ng M, LeBlanc VG, Pleasance E, Thiessen N, Wong T, Chuah E, Zhao YJ, Schein JE, Gerhard DS, Taylor MD, Mungall AJ, Moore RA, Ma Y, Jones SJM, Perlman EJ, Hirst M, Marra MA. Genome-Wide Profiles of Extra-cranial Malignant Rhabdoid Tumors Reveal Heterogeneity and Dysregulated Developmental Pathways. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:394-406. [PMID: 26977886 PMCID: PMC5094835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRTs) are rare lethal tumors of childhood that most commonly occur in the kidney and brain. MRTs are driven by SMARCB1 loss, but the molecular consequences of SMARCB1 loss in extra-cranial tumors have not been comprehensively described and genomic resources for analyses of extra-cranial MRT are limited. To provide such data, we used whole-genome sequencing, whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, whole transcriptome (RNA-seq) and microRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq), and histone modification profiling to characterize extra-cranial MRTs. Our analyses revealed gene expression and methylation subgroups and focused on dysregulated pathways, including those involved in neural crest development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jung E Chun
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Emilia L Lim
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Alireza Heravi-Moussavi
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Saeed Saberi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Karen L Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Mikhail Bilenky
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Annaick Carles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kane Tse
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Inna Shlafman
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Kelsey Zhu
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Jenny Q Qian
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Diana L Palmquist
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - An He
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - William Long
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Goya
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Michelle Ng
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Veronique G LeBlanc
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Erin Pleasance
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Nina Thiessen
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Tina Wong
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Eric Chuah
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Yong-Jun Zhao
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Jacquie E Schein
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Daniela S Gerhard
- Office of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael D Taylor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Andrew J Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Richard A Moore
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Yussanne Ma
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Elizabeth J Perlman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lurie Children's Hospital, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Martin Hirst
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada.
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45
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Epigenomic regulation of oncogenesis by chromatin remodeling. Oncogene 2016; 35:4423-36. [PMID: 26804164 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of the intricate gene expression program represents one of major driving factors for the development, progression and maintenance of human cancer, and is often associated with acquired therapeutic resistance. At the molecular level, cancerous phenotypes are the outcome of cellular functions of critical genes, regulatory interactions of histones and chromatin remodeling complexes in response to dynamic and persistent upstream signals. A large body of genetic and biochemical evidence suggests that the chromatin remodelers integrate the extracellular and cytoplasmic signals to control gene activity. Consequently, widespread dysregulation of chromatin remodelers and the resulting inappropriate expression of regulatory genes, together, lead to oncogenesis. We summarize the recent developments and current state of the dysregulation of the chromatin remodeling components as the driving mechanism underlying the growth and progression of human tumors. Because chromatin remodelers, modifying enzymes and protein-protein interactions participate in interpreting the epigenetic code, selective chromatin remodelers and bromodomains have emerged as new frontiers for pharmacological intervention to develop future anti-cancer strategies to be used either as single-agent or in combination therapies with chemotherapeutics or radiotherapy.
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Frühwald MC, Biegel JA, Bourdeaut F, Roberts CWM, Chi SN. Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors-current concepts, advances in biology, and potential future therapies. Neuro Oncol 2016; 18:764-78. [PMID: 26755072 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is the most common malignant CNS tumor of children below 6 months of age. The majority of AT/RTs demonstrate genomic alterations in SMARCB1 (INI1, SNF5, BAF47) or, to a lesser extent, SMARCA4 (BRG1) of the SWItch/sucrose nonfermentable chromatin remodeling complex. Recent transcription and methylation profiling studies suggest the existence of molecular subgroups. Thus, at the root of these seemingly enigmatic tumors lies a network of factors related to epigenetic regulation, which is not yet completely understood. While conventional-type chemotherapy may have significant survival benefit for certain patients, it remains to be determined which patients will eventually prove resistant to chemotherapy and thus need novel therapeutic strategies. Elucidation of the molecular consequences of a disturbed epigenome has led to the identification of a series of transduction cascades, which may be targeted for therapy. Among these are the pathways of cyclin D1/cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6, Hedgehog/GLI1, Wnt/ß-catenin, enhancer of zeste homolog 2, and aurora kinase A, among others. Compounds specifically targeting these pathways or agents that alter the epigenetic state of the cell are currently being evaluated in preclinical settings and in experimental clinical trials for AT/RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Frühwald
- Children's Hospital and Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Augsburg, Germany (M.C.F.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (J.A.B.); INSERM U830, Laboratory of Genetics and Biology of Cancers, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Curie Institute, Paris, France (F.B.); Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (C.W.M.R.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.)
| | - Jaclyn A Biegel
- Children's Hospital and Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Augsburg, Germany (M.C.F.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (J.A.B.); INSERM U830, Laboratory of Genetics and Biology of Cancers, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Curie Institute, Paris, France (F.B.); Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (C.W.M.R.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.)
| | - Franck Bourdeaut
- Children's Hospital and Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Augsburg, Germany (M.C.F.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (J.A.B.); INSERM U830, Laboratory of Genetics and Biology of Cancers, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Curie Institute, Paris, France (F.B.); Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (C.W.M.R.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.)
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Children's Hospital and Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Augsburg, Germany (M.C.F.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (J.A.B.); INSERM U830, Laboratory of Genetics and Biology of Cancers, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Curie Institute, Paris, France (F.B.); Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (C.W.M.R.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.)
| | - Susan N Chi
- Children's Hospital and Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Augsburg, Germany (M.C.F.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (J.A.B.); INSERM U830, Laboratory of Genetics and Biology of Cancers, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Curie Institute, Paris, France (F.B.); Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (C.W.M.R.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.)
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Biressi S, Miyabara EH, Gopinath SD, Carlig PMM, Rando TA. A Wnt-TGFβ2 axis induces a fibrogenic program in muscle stem cells from dystrophic mice. Sci Transl Med 2015; 6:267ra176. [PMID: 25520397 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We have previously observed that Wnt signaling activates a fibrogenic program in adult muscle stem cells, called satellite cells, during aging. We genetically labeled satellite cells in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy to follow their fate during the progression of the disease. We observed that a fraction of satellite cells had a reduced myogenic potential and showed enhanced expression of profibrotic genes compared to age-matched controls. By combining in vitro and in vivo results, we found that expression of transforming growth factor-β2 (TGFβ2) was induced in response to elevated canonical Wnt signaling in dystrophic muscles and that the resulting increase in TGFβ activity affected the behavior of satellite cells in an autocrine or paracrine fashion. Indeed, pharmacological inhibition of the TGFβ pathway in vivo reduced the fibrogenic characteristics of satellite cells. These studies shed new light on the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for stem cell dysfunction in dystrophic muscle and may contribute to the development of more effective and specific therapeutic approaches for the prevention of muscle fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Biressi
- Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elen H Miyabara
- Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Anatomy Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 2415 Lineu Prestes Avenue, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Suchitra D Gopinath
- Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Poppy M M Carlig
- Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Neurology Service, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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Vasileiou G, Ekici AB, Uebe S, Zweier C, Hoyer J, Engels H, Behrens J, Reis A, Hadjihannas MV. Chromatin-Remodeling-Factor ARID1B Represses Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 97:445-56. [PMID: 26340334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The link of chromatin remodeling to both neurodevelopment and cancer has recently been highlighted by the identification of mutations affecting BAF chromatin-remodeling components, such as ARID1B, in individuals with intellectual disability and cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanism(s) remains unknown. Here, we show that ARID1B is a repressor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Through whole-transcriptome analysis, we find that in individuals with intellectual disability and ARID1B loss-of-function mutations, Wnt/β-catenin target genes are upregulated. Using cellular models of low and high Wnt/β-catenin activity, we demonstrate that knockdown of ARID1B activates Wnt/β-catenin target genes and Wnt/β-catenin-dependent transcriptional reporters in a β-catenin-dependent manner. Reciprocally, forced expression of ARID1B inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling downstream of the β-catenin destruction complex. Both endogenous and exogenous ARID1B associate with β-catenin and repress Wnt/β-catenin-mediated transcription through the BAF core subunit BRG1. Accordingly, mutations in ARID1B leading to partial or complete deletion of its BRG1-binding domain, as is often observed in intellectual disability and cancers, compromise association with β-catenin, and the resultant ARID1B mutant proteins fail to suppress Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Finally, knockdown of ARID1B in mouse neuroblastoma cells leads to neurite outgrowth through β-catenin. The data suggest that aberrations in chromatin-remodeling factors, such as ARID1B, might contribute to neurodevelopmental abnormalities and cancer through deregulation of developmental and oncogenic pathways, such as the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Vasileiou
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Uebe
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christiane Zweier
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juliane Hoyer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Engels
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jürgen Behrens
- Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Michel V Hadjihannas
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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49
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Noujaim J, Thway K, Bajwa Z, Bajwa A, Maki RG, Jones RL, Keller C. Epithelioid Sarcoma: Opportunities for Biology-Driven Targeted Therapy. Front Oncol 2015; 5:186. [PMID: 26347853 PMCID: PMC4538302 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelioid sarcoma (ES) is a soft tissue sarcoma of children and young adults for which the preferred treatment for localized disease is wide surgical resection. Medical management is to a great extent undefined, and therefore for patients with regional and distal metastases, the development of targeted therapies is greatly desired. In this review, we will summarize clinically relevant biomarkers (e.g., SMARCB1, CA125, dysadherin, and others) with respect to targeted therapeutic opportunities. We will also examine the role of EGFR, mTOR, and polykinase inhibitors (e.g., sunitinib) in the management of local and disseminated disease. Toward building a consortium of pharmaceutical, academic, and non-profit collaborators, we will discuss the state of resources for investigating ES with respect to cell line resources, tissue banks, and registries so that a roadmap can be developed toward effective biology-driven therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zia Bajwa
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute , Fort Collins, CO , USA
| | - Ayeza Bajwa
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute , Fort Collins, CO , USA
| | - Robert G Maki
- Adult and Paediatric Sarcoma Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine , New York, NY , USA
| | | | - Charles Keller
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute , Fort Collins, CO , USA
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50
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Hoffman LM, Fouladi M. Towards risk-adapted therapy for rhabdoid tumour subgroups. Lancet Oncol 2015; 16:486-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(15)70170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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