1
|
Khan MAO, Suvvari TK, Harooni SAS, Khan AA, Anees S, Bushra. Assessment of soluble thrombomodulin and soluble endoglin as endothelial dysfunction biomarkers in seriously ill surgical septic patients: correlation with organ dysfunction and disease severity. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2024; 50:897-904. [PMID: 37741913 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-023-02369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis, a complex condition characterized by dysregulated immune response and organ dysfunction, is a leading cause of mortality in ICU patients. Current diagnostic and prognostic approaches primarily rely on non-specific biomarkers and illness severity scores, despite early endothelial activation being a key feature of sepsis. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of soluble thrombomodulin and soluble endoglin in seriously ill surgical septic patients and explore their association with organ dysfunction and disease severity. METHODOLOGY A case control study was conducted from March 2022 to November 2022, involving seriously ill septic surgical patients. Baseline clinical and laboratory data were collected within 24 h of admission to the Surgical Intensive Care Unit. This included information such as age, sex, hemodynamic parameters, blood chemistry, SOFA score, qSOFA score, and APACHE-II score. A proforma was filled out to record these details. The outcome of each patient was noted at the time of discharge. RESULTS The study found significantly elevated levels of soluble thrombomodulin and soluble endoglin in seriously ill surgical septic patients. The RTqPCR analysis revealed a positive correlation between soluble thrombomodulin and soluble endoglin levels with the qSOFA score, as well as, there was a positive association between RTqPCR soluble thrombomodulin and the SOFA score. These findings indicate a correlation between these biomarkers and organ dysfunction and disease severity. CONCLUSION The study concludes that elevated levels of soluble thrombomodulin and soluble endoglin can serve as endothelial biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognostication in seriously ill surgical septic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarun Kumar Suvvari
- Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada, India
- Squad Medicine and Research (SMR), Vizag, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Aleem Ahmed Khan
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Syyeda Anees
- Department of Biochemistry, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Bushra
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen M, Bie L, Ying J. Cancer cell-intrinsic PD-1: Its role in malignant progression and immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115514. [PMID: 37716115 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), also called CD279, is coded by the PDCD1 gene and is constitutively expressed on the surface of immune cells. As a receptor and immune checkpoint, PD-1 can bind to programmed death ligand-1/programmed death ligand-2 (PD-L1/PD-L2) in tumor cells, leading to tumor immune evasion. Anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 are important components in tumor immune therapy. PD-1 is also expressed as an intrinsic variant (iPD-1) in cancer cells where it plays important roles in malignant progression as proposed by recent studies. However, iPD-1 has received much less attention compared to PD-1 expressed on immune cells although there is an unmet medical need for fully elucidating the mechanisms of actions to achieve the best response in tumor immunotherapy. iPD-1 suppresses tumorigenesis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and colon cancer, whereas it promotes tumorigenesis in melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), thyroid cancer (TC), glioblastoma (GBM), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this review, we focus on the role of iPD-1 in tumorigenesis and development and its molecular mechanisms. We also deeply discuss nivolumab-based combined therapy in common tumor therapy. iPD-1 may explain the different therapeutic effects of anti-PD-1 treatment and provide critical information for use in combined anti-tumor approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhua Chen
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary & Gastric Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.
| | - Lei Bie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jieer Ying
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary & Gastric Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Andersson-Rusch C, Liu B, Quist-Løkken I, Upton PD, Olsen OE, Hella H, Yang X, Tong Z, Morrell NW, Holien T, Li W. High concentrations of soluble endoglin can inhibit BMP9 signaling in non-endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6639. [PMID: 37095146 PMCID: PMC10126157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoglin (ENG) is a single-pass transmembrane protein highly expressed on vascular endothelial cells, although low expression levels can be detected in many other cell types. Its extracellular domain can be found in circulation known as soluble endoglin (sENG). Levels of sENG are elevated in many pathological conditions, in particular preeclampsia. We have shown that while loss of cell surface ENG decreases BMP9 signaling in endothelial cells, knocking down ENG in blood cancer cells enhances BMP9 signaling. Despite sENG binding to BMP9 with high affinity and blocking the type II receptor binding site on BMP9, sENG did not inhibit BMP9 signaling in vascular endothelial cells, but the dimeric form of sENG inhibited BMP9 signaling in blood cancer cells. Here we report that in non-endothelial cells such as human multiple myeloma cell lines and the mouse myoblast cell line C2C12, both monomeric and dimeric forms of sENG inhibit BMP9 signaling when present at high concentrations. Such inhibition can be alleviated by the overexpression of ENG and ACVRL1 (encoding ALK1) in the non-endothelial cells. Our findings suggest that the effects of sENG on BMP9 signaling is cell-type specific. This is an important consideration when developing therapies targeting the ENG and ALK1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Andersson-Rusch
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Hematology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Ingrid Quist-Løkken
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Paul D Upton
- Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Oddrun Elise Olsen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hanne Hella
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Xudong Yang
- Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Zhen Tong
- Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Toril Holien
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Hematology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vaklavas C, Stringer-Reasor EM, Elkhanany AM, Ryan KJ, Li Y, Theuer CP, Acosta EP, Wei S, Yang ES, Grizzle WE, Forero-Torres A. A phase I/II study of preoperative letrozole, everolimus, and carotuximab in stage 2 and 3 hormone receptor-positive and Her2-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 198:217-229. [PMID: 36735117 PMCID: PMC10020303 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-06864-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In nonmetastatic hormone receptor-positive and Her2-negative breast cancer, preoperative endocrine therapies can yield outcomes similar with chemotherapy. We evaluated the tolerability and preliminary antitumor activity of preoperative letrozole, everolimus, and carotuximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting endoglin, in nonmetastatic breast cancer. METHODS Eligible patients had newly diagnosed, stage 2 or 3, hormone receptor-positive and Her2/neu-negative breast cancer. Patients received escalating doses of everolimus; the dose of letrozole and carotuximab were fixed at 2.5 mg PO daily and 15 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks, respectively. The primary objective was to determine the safety and tolerability of the combination. Secondary objectives included pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies and assessments of antitumor activity. RESULTS Fifteen patients enrolled. The recommended phase 2 dose of everolimus in combination with letrozole and carotuximab was 10 mg PO daily. The most frequent adverse events were headache (67%), fatigue (47%), facial flushing and swelling (47%), gingival hemorrhage (40%), epistaxis (33%), nausea and vomiting (27%). Headache constituted a dose-limiting toxicity. At least two signs of mucocutaneous telangiectasia developed in 92% of patients. Carotuximab accumulated in the extravascular space and accelerated the biodistribution and clearance of everolimus. All patients had residual disease. Gene expression analyses were consistent with downregulation of genes involved in proliferation and DNA repair. Among 6 patients with luminal B breast cancer, 5 converted to luminal A after one cycle of therapy. CONCLUSION Letrozole, everolimus, and carotuximab were tolerated in combination at their single-agent doses. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed an interaction between everolimus and carotuximab. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT02520063), first posted on August 11, 2015, and is active, not recruiting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Vaklavas
- Huntsman Cancer Institute of the University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, RS2509, Salt Lake, UT, 84112, USA.
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | | | | | - Kevin J Ryan
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yufeng Li
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | - Shi Wei
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eddy S Yang
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
El-Badawy O, Abbas AM, Radwan E, Makboul R, Khamis AA, Ali M, Elkabsh MM, Bakr MH, Zahran AM. Cross-Talk between Mucosal-Associated Invariant T, Natural Killer, and Natural Killer T Cell Populations is Implicated in the Pathogenesis of Placenta Accreta Spectrum. Inflammation 2023:10.1007/s10753-023-01799-1. [PMID: 36997764 PMCID: PMC10359234 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The study included 32 women with PAS and 20 with normally implanted placenta as a control group. Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), Soluble FMS Like Tyrosine Kinase (sFLT-1/sVEGFR1), and Endoglin (ENG) were measured in placenta tissue by ELISA. Granzyme B (GrzB) expression in trophoblastic and stromal mesenchymal cells was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. MAIT, NK, and NKT cells were assessed in blood and placenta by flow cytometry. Alterations were observed in levels of MAIT cells, NK cell subsets, and NKT cells in patients compared with controls. Several significant correlations were detected between these cells and GrzB scores, VEGF, ENG, and sFLT-1 levels. This is the first study analysing these cells in PAS patients and correlating their levels with changes in some angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors implicated in trophoblast invasion and with GrzB distribution in trophoblast and stroma. Interrelation between these cells probably plays an important role in pathogenesis of PAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omnia El-Badawy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Abbas
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Eman Radwan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Sphinx University, New Assiut, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Rania Makboul
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Areej A Khamis
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Maha Ali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mai M Elkabsh
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marwa H Bakr
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Zahran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tripska K, Igreja Sá IC, Vasinova M, Vicen M, Havelek R, Eissazadeh S, Svobodova Z, Vitverova B, Theuer C, Bernabeu C, Nachtigal P. Monoclonal anti-endoglin antibody TRC105 (carotuximab) prevents hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction in human aortic endothelial cells. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:845918. [PMID: 36160139 PMCID: PMC9490272 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.845918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoglin (Eng) is a co-receptor of the transforming growth factor β superfamily playing an important role in endothelial dysfunction. TRC105 (carotuximab) is a monoclonal antibody that blocks Eng and its downstream Smad signaling pathway. Here we have investigated for the first time the effects of TRC105 treatment on the development of endothelial dysfunction induced by 7-ketocholesterol (7K) or high glucose (HG), focusing on Eng expression, signaling, and function. In the hypercholesterolemia study, human aortic endothelial cells (HAoECs) were treated with TRC105 (300 μg/ml) for 1 h, followed by the addition of 7K (10 μg/ml) for another 12 h. In the hyperglycemia study, HAoECs were exposed to HG (45 mM) for 60 h, followed by the addition of TRC105 for another 12 h, and cells treated with 5mM glucose and 40 mM mannitol served as control. Protein levels, adhesion, and transmigration of monocytes were assessed by flow cytometry, mRNA expression was measured by qRT-PCR. 7K and HG treatment increased protein levels of NF-κB and Eng and adhesion and transmigration of monocytes through HAoECs monolayer. TRC105 pretreatment reduced the 7K- or HG-induced Eng protein levels and pSmad1/5 and pSmad2/3 signaling. Despite increased protein levels of P-selectin and VCAM-1, TRC105 mediated blockage of Eng prevented 7K- and HG-induced adhesion and transmigration of monocytes through endothelial monolayers. These results suggest that TRC105-mediated Eng blockage can counteract the hypercholesterolemia- and hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction in HAoECs, suggesting that Eng might be a potential therapeutic target in disorders associated with elevated cholesterol and glucose levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Tripska
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Ivone Cristina Igreja Sá
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Martina Vasinova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Matej Vicen
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Radim Havelek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Samira Eissazadeh
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Svobodova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Barbora Vitverova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Charles Theuer
- Tracon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Carmelo Bernabeu
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Petr Nachtigal
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Petr Nachtigal,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Haarmann A, Zimmermann L, Bieber M, Silwedel C, Stoll G, Schuhmann MK. Regulation and Release of Vasoactive Endoglin by Brain Endothelium in Response to Hypoxia/Reoxygenation in Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137085. [PMID: 35806090 PMCID: PMC9267030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In large vessel occlusion stroke, recanalization to restore cerebral perfusion is essential but not necessarily sufficient for a favorable outcome. Paradoxically, in some patients, reperfusion carries the risk of increased tissue damage and cerebral hemorrhage. Experimental and clinical data suggest that endothelial cells, representing the interface for detrimental platelet and leukocyte responses, likely play a crucial role in the phenomenon referred to as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-injury, but the mechanisms are unknown. We aimed to determine the role of endoglin in cerebral I/R-injury; endoglin is a membrane-bound protein abundantly expressed by endothelial cells that has previously been shown to be involved in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. We investigated the expression of membranous endoglin (using Western blotting and RT-PCR) and the generation of soluble endoglin (using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of cell culture supernatants) after hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation in human non-immortalized brain endothelial cells. To validate these in vitro data, we additionally examined endoglin expression in an intraluminal monofilament model of permanent and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. Subsequently, the effects of recombinant human soluble endoglin were assessed by label-free impedance-based measurement of endothelial monolayer integrity (using the xCELLigence DP system) and immunocytochemistry. Endoglin expression is highly inducible by hypoxia in human brain endothelial monolayers in vitro, and subsequent reoxygenation induced its shedding. These findings were corroborated in mice during MCAO; an upregulation of endoglin was displayed in the infarcted hemispheres under occlusion, whereas endoglin expression was significantly diminished after transient MCAO, which is indicative of shedding. Of note is the finding that soluble endoglin induced an inflammatory phenotype in endothelial monolayers. The treatment of HBMEC with endoglin resulted in a decrease in transendothelial resistance and the downregulation of VE-cadherin. Our data establish a novel mechanism in which hypoxia triggers the initial endothelial upregulation of endoglin and subsequent reoxygenation triggers its release as a vasoactive mediator that, when rinsed into adjacent vascular beds after recanalization, can contribute to cerebral reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Haarmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (L.Z.); (M.B.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (M.K.S.)
| | - Lena Zimmermann
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (L.Z.); (M.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Michael Bieber
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (L.Z.); (M.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Christine Silwedel
- University Children’s Hospital, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Guido Stoll
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (L.Z.); (M.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Michael K. Schuhmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (L.Z.); (M.B.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (M.K.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Helan M, Malaska J, Tomandl J, Jarkovsky J, Helanova K, Benesova K, Sitina M, Dastych M, Ondrus T, Pavkova Goldbergova M, Gal R, Lokaj P, Tomandlova M, Parenica J. Kinetics of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Septic Shock: A Pilot Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040640. [PMID: 35453325 PMCID: PMC9031382 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Septic shock is a major cause of mortality in ICU patients, its pathophysiology is complex and not properly understood. Oxidative stress seems to be one of the most important mechanisms of shock progression to multiple organ failure. In the present pilot study, we have analysed eight oxidative-stress-related biomarkers in seven consecutive time points (i.e., the first seven days) in 21 septic shock patients admitted to the ICU. Our objective was to describe the kinetics of four biomarkers related to pro-oxidative processes (nitrite/nitrate, malondialdehyde, 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine, soluble endoglin) compared to four biomarkers of antioxidant processes (the ferric reducing ability of plasma, superoxide dismutase, asymmetric dimethylarginine, mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin) and four inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, IL-6, IL-10 and neopterin). Furthermore, we analysed each biomarker’s ability to predict mortality at the time of admission and 12 h after admission. Although a small number of study subjects were recruited, we have identified four promising molecules for further investigation: soluble endoglin, superoxide dismutase, asymmetric dimethylarginine and neopterin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Helan
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (M.S.)
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (K.H.); (T.O.); (R.G.); (P.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Jan Malaska
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (K.H.); (T.O.); (R.G.); (P.L.); (J.P.)
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Brno, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Tomandl
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Jiri Jarkovsky
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.J.); (K.B.)
| | - Katerina Helanova
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (K.H.); (T.O.); (R.G.); (P.L.); (J.P.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Benesova
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.J.); (K.B.)
| | - Michal Sitina
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (M.S.)
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (K.H.); (T.O.); (R.G.); (P.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Milan Dastych
- Department of Laboratory Methods, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Tomas Ondrus
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (K.H.); (T.O.); (R.G.); (P.L.); (J.P.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Pavkova Goldbergova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Roman Gal
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (K.H.); (T.O.); (R.G.); (P.L.); (J.P.)
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Brno, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Lokaj
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (K.H.); (T.O.); (R.G.); (P.L.); (J.P.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Tomandlova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jiri Parenica
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (K.H.); (T.O.); (R.G.); (P.L.); (J.P.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Soluble Endoglin Stimulates Inflammatory and Angiogenic Responses in Microglia That Are Associated with Endothelial Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031225. [PMID: 35163148 PMCID: PMC8835690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased soluble endoglin (sENG) has been observed in human brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs). In addition, the overexpression of sENG in concurrence with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A has been shown to induce dysplastic vessel formation in mouse brains. However, the underlying mechanism of sENG-induced vascular malformations is not clear. The evidence suggests the role of sENG as a pro-inflammatory modulator, and increased microglial accumulation and inflammation have been observed in bAVMs. Therefore, we hypothesized that microglia mediate sENG-induced inflammation and endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction in bAVMs. In this study, we confirmed that the presence of sENG along with VEGF-A overexpression induced dysplastic vessel formation. Remarkably, we observed increased microglial activation around dysplastic vessels with the expression of NLRP3, an inflammasome marker. We found that sENG increased the gene expression of VEGF-A, pro-inflammatory cytokines/inflammasome mediators (TNF-α, IL-6, NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, and IL-1β), and proteolytic enzyme (MMP-9) in BV2 microglia. The conditioned media from sENG-treated BV2 (BV2-sENG-CM) significantly increased levels of angiogenic factors (Notch-1 and TGFβ) and pERK1/2 in ECs but it decreased the level of IL-17RD, an anti-angiogenic mediator. Finally, the BV2-sENG-CM significantly increased EC migration and tube formation. Together, our study demonstrates that sENG provokes microglia to express angiogenic/inflammatory molecules which may be involved in EC dysfunction. Our study corroborates the contribution of microglia to the pathology of sENG-associated vascular malformations.
Collapse
|
10
|
Endoglin in the Spotlight to Treat Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063186. [PMID: 33804796 PMCID: PMC8003971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A spotlight has been shone on endoglin in recent years due to that fact of its potential to serve as both a reliable disease biomarker and a therapeutic target. Indeed, endoglin has now been assigned many roles in both physiological and pathological processes. From a molecular point of view, endoglin mainly acts as a co-receptor in the canonical TGFβ pathway, but also it may be shed and released from the membrane, giving rise to the soluble form, which also plays important roles in cell signaling. In cancer, in particular, endoglin may contribute to either an oncogenic or a non-oncogenic phenotype depending on the cell context. The fact that endoglin is expressed by neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells within the tumor microenvironment suggests new possibilities for targeted therapies. Here, we aimed to review and discuss the many roles played by endoglin in different tumor types, as well as the strong evidence provided by pre-clinical and clinical studies that supports the therapeutic targeting of endoglin as a novel clinical strategy.
Collapse
|
11
|
Vicen M, Igreja Sá IC, Tripská K, Vitverová B, Najmanová I, Eissazadeh S, Micuda S, Nachtigal P. Membrane and soluble endoglin role in cardiovascular and metabolic disorders related to metabolic syndrome. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2405-2418. [PMID: 33185696 PMCID: PMC11072708 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03701-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Membrane endoglin (Eng, CD105) is a transmembrane glycoprotein essential for the proper function of vascular endothelium. It might be cleaved by matrix metalloproteinases to form soluble endoglin (sEng), which is released into the circulation. Metabolic syndrome comprises conditions/symptoms that usually coincide (endothelial dysfunction, arterial hypertension, hyperglycemia, obesity-related insulin resistance, and hypercholesterolemia), and are considered risk factors for cardiometabolic disorders such as atherosclerosis, type II diabetes mellitus, and liver disorders. The purpose of this review is to highlight current knowledge about the role of Eng and sEng in the disorders mentioned above, in vivo and in vitro extent, where we can find a wide range of contradictory results. We propose that reduced Eng expression is a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction development in chronic pathologies related to metabolic syndrome. Eng expression is also essential for leukocyte transmigration and acute inflammation, suggesting that Eng is crucial for the regulation of endothelial function during the acute phase of vascular defense reaction to harmful conditions. sEng was shown to be a circulating biomarker of preeclampsia, and we propose that it might be a biomarker of metabolic syndrome-related symptoms and pathologies, including hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, arterial hypertension, and diabetes mellitus as well, despite the fact that some contradictory findings have been reported. Besides, sEng can participate in the development of endothelial dysfunction and promote the development of arterial hypertension, suggesting that high levels of sEng promote metabolic syndrome symptoms and complications. Therefore, we suggest that the treatment of metabolic syndrome should take into account the importance of Eng in the endothelial function and levels of sEng as a biomarker and risk factor of related pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matej Vicen
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Ivone Cristina Igreja Sá
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Tripská
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Vitverová
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Najmanová
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Samira Eissazadeh
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Micuda
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Department of Pharmacology, Charles University, Simkova 870, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Nachtigal
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu Y, Paauwe M, Nixon AB, Hawinkels LJ. Endoglin Targeting: Lessons Learned and Questions That Remain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010147. [PMID: 33375670 PMCID: PMC7795616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30 years ago, endoglin was identified as a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β coreceptor with a crucial role in developmental biology and tumor angiogenesis. Its selectively high expression on tumor vessels and its correlation with poor survival in cancer patients led to the exploration of endoglin as a therapeutic target for cancer. The endoglin neutralizing antibody TRC105 (Carotuximab®, Tracon Pharmaceuticals (San Diego, CA, USA) was subsequently tested in a wide variety of preclinical cancer models before being tested in phase I-III clinical studies in cancer patients as both a monotherapy and in combination with other chemotherapeutic and anti-angiogenic therapies. The combined data of these studies have revealed new insights into the role of endoglin in angiogenesis and its expression and functional role on other cells in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we will summarize the preclinical work, clinical trials and biomarker studies of TRC105 and explore what these studies have enabled us to learn and what questions remain unanswered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingmiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (Y.L.); (A.B.N.)
| | - Madelon Paauwe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Andrew B. Nixon
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (Y.L.); (A.B.N.)
| | - Lukas J.A.C. Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-71-526-6736
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Guo W, Yin G, Liu H, Duan H, Huang Z. Analysis of vascular-associated factors and the prognosis of poorly differentiated hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:271. [PMID: 32989405 PMCID: PMC7517535 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the characteristics of angiogenic factors in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer, and to study the effects of these factors on induction chemotherapy, patient prognosis and survival. Data from 60 eligible patients with hypopharyngeal cancer that were treated between January 2012 and December 2016 were collected retrospectively. The differential expression of angiogenic factors in tumor and peritumoral tissues was analyzed retrospectively to assess the association between five differentially expressed genes, including interleukin (IL)-1β, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), angiopoietin-2 and interferon-inducible T-cell α chemoattractant, and clinicopathological characteristics in different types of chemotherapy-associated blood vessels within samples of poorly differentiated hypopharyngeal cancer. The χ2 test or t-test was used to compare the frequency data, the Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis and the log-rank test was used to compare the Kaplan-Meier curves. P<0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference. The results of the present study demonstrated that there was a significant difference in the expression levels of vascular-associated factors between hypopharyngeal carcinoma and peritumoral tissues. Additionally, the results revealed a significant difference in the overall survival and prognosis of patients with a decreased vascular classification compared with patients with an unchanged vascular classification, which was assessed using narrowband imaging (NBI) following induction chemotherapy (P<0.05). The results of single factor analysis indicated that IL-1β, TGF-β and MMP-9 were associated with decreased blood vessel classification (P<0.05). In conclusion, IL-1β, TGF-β and MMP-9 may be used as predictors of the effect of induction chemotherapy on poorly differentiated hypopharyngeal cancer. Therefore, when patients with advanced hypopharyngeal cancer undergo chemotherapy, NBI vascular examination and screening for associated vascular factors should be performed before and after chemotherapy. Alterations in vascular classification, assessed using NBI, and abnormal expression of vascular factors may also be used as reference factors for prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Gaofei Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Hongfei Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Hanyuan Duan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hu TX, Si YL, Ruan Y, Wang XJ, Yao JQ, Wang HL, Xu Y, Ni X, Tan QY, Wang J. Reduced cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) expression is involved in high glucose induced MMP14 expression in adipocytes and adipose tissues. Endocr J 2019; 66:1029-1037. [PMID: 31366822 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej19-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigate the effect of reduced cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) expression in high glucose induced metalloproteinases14 (MMP14) expression in adipocytes and visceral adipose tissues. Diabetic mice were prepared by injections of STZ and the expression of CSE, MMP14 in visceral adipose tissues were determined. Adipocytes were differentiated from 3T3-L1 cells and treated with high glucose (HG), H2S slow-releasing compound GYY4137 or transfected with CSE siRNA. Then the expression of CSE, MMP14 were determined by western blotting. CSE knockout mice were generated by crossing CSE+/- heterozygous mice and given intraperitoneally (i.p.) injections of GYY4137, and then the expression of CSE and MMP14 in visceral adipose tissues were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. The following results were obtained from the study. In adipose tissues of diabetic mice, the mRNA and protein expression of MMP14 increased while the mRNA and protein expression of CSE decreased. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, both HG DMEM and CSE siRNA transfection increased the mRNA and protein of MMP14. The addition of GYY4137 inhibited HG-induced upregulation of MMP14 expression. In CSE knockout mice, the mRNA and protein expression of MMP14 in adipose tissues increased, which could be inhibited by i.p. injections of GYY4137. In conclusion, high glucose increased the expression of MMP14 in adipocytes and visceral adipose tissues through inhibiting the expression of CSE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Xiao Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA 903rd Hospital (Former Chinese PLA 117th Hospital), Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - You-Liang Si
- Divison of Health Services, Chinese PLA 903rd Hospital (Former Chinese PLA 117th Hospital), Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Yun Ruan
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA 903rd Hospital (Former Chinese PLA 117th Hospital), Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Xiu-Jing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA 903rd Hospital (Former Chinese PLA 117th Hospital), Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Jia-Qi Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA 903rd Hospital (Former Chinese PLA 117th Hospital), Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Hui-Ling Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA 903rd Hospital (Former Chinese PLA 117th Hospital), Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA 903rd Hospital (Former Chinese PLA 117th Hospital), Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Xin Ni
- Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University (Former Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qing-Ying Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA 903rd Hospital (Former Chinese PLA 117th Hospital), Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA 903rd Hospital (Former Chinese PLA 117th Hospital), Hangzhou, 310013, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
MMP-12, Secreted by Pro-Inflammatory Macrophages, Targets Endoglin in Human Macrophages and Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123107. [PMID: 31242676 PMCID: PMC6627183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon inflammation, monocyte-derived macrophages (MΦ) infiltrate blood vessels to regulate several processes involved in vascular pathophysiology. However, little is known about the mediators involved. Macrophage polarization is crucial for a fast and efficient initial response (GM-MΦ) and a good resolution (M-MΦ) of the inflammatory process. The functional activity of polarized MΦ is exerted mainly through their secretome, which can target other cell types, including endothelial cells. Endoglin (CD105) is a cell surface receptor expressed by endothelial cells and MΦ that is markedly upregulated in inflammation and critically involved in angiogenesis. In addition, a soluble form of endoglin with anti-angiogenic activity has been described in inflammation-associated pathologies. The aim of this work was to identify components of the MΦ secretome involved in the shedding of soluble endoglin. We find that the GM-MΦ secretome contains metalloprotease 12 (MMP-12), a GM-MΦ specific marker that may account for the anti-angiogenic activity of the GM-MΦ secretome. Cell surface endoglin is present in both GM-MΦ and M-MΦ, but soluble endoglin is only detected in GM-MΦ culture supernatants. Moreover, MMP-12 is responsible for the shedding of soluble endoglin in vitro and in vivo by targeting membrane-bound endoglin in both MΦ and endothelial cells. These data demonstrate a direct correlation between GM-MΦ polarization, MMP-12, and soluble endoglin expression and function. By targeting endothelial cells, MMP-12 may represent a novel mediator involved in vascular homeostasis.
Collapse
|
16
|
Gallardo-Vara E, Tual-Chalot S, Botella LM, Arthur HM, Bernabeu C. Soluble endoglin regulates expression of angiogenesis-related proteins and induction of arteriovenous malformations in a mouse model of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.034397. [PMID: 30108051 PMCID: PMC6176985 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.034397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoglin is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in vascular endothelium that plays a key role in angiogenesis. Mutations in the endoglin gene (ENG) cause hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1 (HHT1), characterized by arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in different organs. These vascular lesions derive from abnormal processes of angiogenesis, whereby aberrant vascular remodeling leads to focal loss of capillaries. Current treatments for HHT1 include antiangiogenic therapies. Interestingly, a circulating form of endoglin (also known as soluble endoglin, sEng), proteolytically released from the membrane-bound protein and displaying antiangiogenic activity, has been described in several endothelial-related pathological conditions. Using human and mouse endothelial cells, we find that sEng downregulates several pro-angiogenic and pro-migratory proteins involved in angiogenesis. However, this effect is much reduced in endothelial cells that lack endogenous transmembrane endoglin, suggesting that the antiangiogenic activity of sEng is dependent on the presence of endogenous transmembrane endoglin protein. In fact, sEng partially restores the phenotype of endoglin-silenced endothelial cells to that of normal endothelial cells. Moreover, using an established neonatal retinal model of HHT1 with depleted endoglin in the vascular endothelium, sEng treatment decreases the number of AVMs and has a normalizing effect on the vascular phenotype with respect to vessel branching, vascular density and migration of the vascular plexus towards the retinal periphery. Taken together, these data show that circulating sEng can influence vascular development and AVMs by modulating angiogenesis, and that its effect on endothelial cells depends on the expression of endogenous endoglin. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Soluble endoglin regulates vascular development and arteriovenous malformations by modulating angiogenesis, and its effect on endothelial cells depends on expression of endogenous membrane-bound endoglin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunate Gallardo-Vara
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Simon Tual-Chalot
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Luisa M Botella
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Helen M Arthur
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Carmelo Bernabeu
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Singh P, Jenkins LM, Horst B, Alers V, Pradhan S, Kaur P, Srivastava T, Hempel N, Győrffy B, Broude EV, Lee NY, Mythreye K. Inhibin Is a Novel Paracrine Factor for Tumor Angiogenesis and Metastasis. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2978-2989. [PMID: 29535220 PMCID: PMC6510404 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Inhibin is a heterodimeric TGFβ family ligand that is expressed in many cancers and is a selective biomarker for ovarian cancers; however, its tumor-specific functions remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the α subunit of inhibin (INHA), which is critical for the functionality of dimeric inhibin A/B, correlates with microvessel density in human ovarian tissues and is predictive of poor clinical outcomes in multiple cancers. We demonstrate that inhibin-regulated angiogenesis is necessary for metastasis. Although inhibin had no direct impact on tumor cell signaling, both tumor cell-derived and recombinant inhibin elicit a strong paracrine response from endothelial cells by triggering SMAD1/5 activation and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo Inhibin-induced angiogenesis was abrogated via anti-inhibin α antibodies. The endothelial-specific TGFβ receptor complex comprising ALK1 and endoglin was a crucial mediator of inhibin signaling, offering a molecular mechanism for inhibin-mediated angiogenesis. These results are the first to define a role for inhibin in tumor metastasis and vascularization and offer an antibody-based approach for targeting inhibin therapeutically.Significance: Inhibin is a predictor of poor patient survival in multiple cancers and is a potential target for antiangiogenic therapies. Cancer Res; 78(11); 2978-89. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Laura M Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Ben Horst
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Victoria Alers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Shrikant Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Prabhjot Kaur
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi, South Campus, India
| | | | - Nadine Hempel
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, and Semmelweis University 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eugenia V Broude
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Nam Y Lee
- Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Karthikeyan Mythreye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Antagonizing CD105 enhances radiation sensitivity in prostate cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:4385-4397. [PMID: 29717261 PMCID: PMC6085281 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is the primary intervention for nearly half of the patients with localized advanced prostate cancer and standard of care for recurrent disease following surgery. The development of radiation-resistant disease is an obstacle for nearly 30–50% of patients undergoing radiotherapy. A better understanding of mechanisms that lead to radiation resistance could aid in the development of sensitizing agents to improve outcome. Here we identified a radiation-resistance pathway mediated by CD105, downstream of BMP and TGF-β signaling. Antagonizing CD105-dependent BMP signaling with a partially humanized monoclonal antibody, TRC105, resulted in a significant reduction in clonogenicity when combined with irradiation. In trying to better understand the mechanism for the radio-sensitization, we found that radiation-induced CD105/BMP signaling was sufficient and necessary for the upregulation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in contributing to p53 stabilization and PGC-1α activation. Combining TRC105 with irradiation delayed DNA damage repair compared to irradiation alone. However, in the absence of p53 function, combining TRC105 and radiation resulted in no reduction in clonogenicity compared to radiation alone, despite similar reduction of DNA damage repair observed in p53-intact cells. This suggested DNA damage repair was not the sole determinant of CD105 radio-resistance. As cancer cells undergo an energy deficit following irradiation, due to the demands of DNA and organelle repair, we examined SIRT1’s role on p53 and PGC-1α with respect to glycolysis and mitochondrial biogenesis, respectively. Consequently, blocking the CD105-SIRT1 axis was found to deplete the ATP stores of irradiated cells and cause G2 cell cycle arrest. Xenograft models supported these findings that combining TRC105 with irradiation significantly reduces tumor size over irradiation alone (p value = 10−9). We identified a novel synthetic lethality strategy of combining radiation and CD105 targeting to address the DNA repair and metabolic addiction induced by irradiation in p53-functional prostate cancers.
Collapse
|
19
|
Alsamman M, Sterzer V, Meurer SK, Sahin H, Schaeper U, Kuscuoglu D, Strnad P, Weiskirchen R, Trautwein C, Scholten D. Endoglin in human liver disease and murine models of liver fibrosis-A protective factor against liver fibrosis. Liver Int 2018; 38:858-867. [PMID: 28941022 PMCID: PMC5947658 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver fibrosis is the outcome of chronic liver injury. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a major profibrogenic cytokine modulating hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and extracellular matrix homeostasis. This study analyses the effect of Endoglin (Eng), a TGF-β type III auxiliary receptor, on fibrogenesis in two models of liver injury by HSC-specific endoglin deletion. METHODS Eng expression was measured in human and murine samples of liver injury. After generating GFAPCre(+) EngΔHSC mice, the impact of Endoglin deletion on chronic liver fibrosis was analysed. For in vitro analysis, Engflox/flox HSCs were infected with Cre-expressing virus to deplete Endoglin and fibrogenic responses were analysed. RESULTS Endoglin is upregulated in human liver injury. The receptor is expressed in liver tissues and mesenchymal liver cells with much higher abundance of the L-Eng splice variant. Comparing GFAPCre(-) Engf/f to GFAPCre(+) EngΔHSC mice in toxic liver injury, livers of GFAPCre(+) EngΔHSC mice showed 39.9% (P < .01) higher Hydroxyproline content compared to GFAPCre(-) Engf/f littermates. Sirius Red staining underlined these findings, showing 58.8% (P < .05) more Collagen deposition in livers of GFAPCre(+) EngΔHSC mice. Similar results were obtained in mice subjected to cholestatic injury. CONCLUSION Endoglin isoforms are differentially upregulated in liver samples of patients with chronic and acute liver injury. Endoglin deficiency in HSC significantly aggravates fibrosis in response to injury in two different murine models of liver fibrosis and increases α-SMA and fibronectin expression in vitro. This suggests that Endoglin protects against fibrotic injury, likely through modulation of TGF-β signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Alsamman
- Department of Internal Medicine IIIRWTH University Hospital AachenAachenGermany
| | - Viktor Sterzer
- Department of Internal Medicine IIIRWTH University Hospital AachenAachenGermany
| | - Steffen K. Meurer
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical ChemistryRWTH University Hospital AachenAachenGermany
| | - Hacer Sahin
- Department of Internal Medicine IIIRWTH University Hospital AachenAachenGermany
| | | | - Deniz Kuscuoglu
- Department of Internal Medicine IIIRWTH University Hospital AachenAachenGermany
| | - Pavel Strnad
- Department of Internal Medicine IIIRWTH University Hospital AachenAachenGermany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical ChemistryRWTH University Hospital AachenAachenGermany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine IIIRWTH University Hospital AachenAachenGermany
| | - David Scholten
- Department of Internal Medicine IIIRWTH University Hospital AachenAachenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Duzyj CM, Buhimschi IA, Laky CA, Cozzini G, Zhao G, Wehrum M, Buhimschi CS. Extravillous trophoblast invasion in placenta accreta is associated with differential local expression of angiogenic and growth factors: a cross-sectional study. BJOG 2018; 125:1441-1448. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- CM Duzyj
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine; New Brunswick NJ USA
| | - IA Buhimschi
- Center for Perinatal Research; Department of Pediatrics; The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; The Ohio State University College of Medicine; Columbus OH USA
| | - CA Laky
- Maternal Fetal Medicine; Mary Washington Hospital; Fredericksburg VA USA
| | - G Cozzini
- Americorps Communities in Schools Central Texas; Austin TX USA
| | - G Zhao
- Center for Perinatal Research; Department of Pediatrics; The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; The Ohio State University College of Medicine; Columbus OH USA
| | - M Wehrum
- Maternal-Fetal Care Center; Florida Hospital Medical Group; Orlando FL USA
| | - CS Buhimschi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology; The Ohio State University College of Medicine; Columbus OH USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang CN, Wu MF, Liu CC, Jung WH, Chang YC, Lee WP, Shiao YJ, Wu CL, Liou HH, Lin SK, Chan CC. Differential protective effects of connective tissue growth factor against Aβ neurotoxicity on neurons and glia. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:3909-3921. [PMID: 29016849 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired clearance of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) leads to abnormal extracellular accumulation of this neurotoxic protein that drives neurodegeneration in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) expression is elevated in plaque-surrounding astrocytes in AD patients. However, the role of CTGF in AD pathogenesis remains unclear. Here we characterized the neuroprotective activity of CTGF. We found that CTGF facilitated Aβ uptake and subsequent degradation within primary glia and neuroblastoma cells. CTGF enhanced extracellular Aβ degradation via membrane-bound matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP14) in glia and extracellular MMP13 in neurons. In the brain of a Drosophila AD model, glial-expression of CTGF reduced Aβ deposits, improved locomotor function, and rescued memory deficits. Neuroprotective potential of CTGF against Aβ42-induced photoreceptor degeneration was disrupted through silencing MMPs. Therefore, CTGF may represent a node for potential AD therapeutics as it intervenes in glia-neuron communication via specific MMPs to alleviate Aβ neurotoxicity in the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ning Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Fang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chih Liu
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Jung
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Pao Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Young-Ji Shiao
- Division of Basic Chinese Medicine, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Huei Liou
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sze-Kwan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chiang Chan
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ruiz-Llorente L, Gallardo-Vara E, Rossi E, Smadja DM, Botella LM, Bernabeu C. Endoglin and alk1 as therapeutic targets for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:933-947. [PMID: 28796572 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1365839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) is as an autosomal dominant trait characterized by frequent nose bleeds, mucocutaneous telangiectases, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the lung, liver and brain, and gastrointestinal bleedings due to telangiectases. HHT is originated by mutations in genes whose encoded proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family signalling of vascular endothelial cells. In spite of the great advances in the diagnosis as well as in the molecular, cellular and animal models of HHT, the current treatments remain just at the palliative level. Areas covered: Pathogenic mutations in genes coding for the TGF-β receptors endoglin (ENG) (HHT1) or the activin receptor-like kinase-1 (ACVRL1 or ALK1) (HHT2), are responsible for more than 80% of patients with HHT. Therefore, ENG and ALK1 are the main potential therapeutic targets for HHT and the focus of this review. The current status of the preclinical and clinical studies, including the anti-angiogenic strategy, have been addressed. Expert opinion: Endoglin and ALK1 are attractive therapeutic targets in HHT. Because haploinsufficiency is the pathogenic mechanism in HHT, several therapeutic approaches able to enhance protein expression and/or function of endoglin and ALK1 are keys to find novel and efficient treatments for the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Ruiz-Llorente
- a Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Eunate Gallardo-Vara
- a Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Elisa Rossi
- b Faculté de Pharmacie , Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Inserm UMR-S1140 , Paris , France
| | - David M Smadja
- b Faculté de Pharmacie , Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Inserm UMR-S1140 , Paris , France
| | - Luisa M Botella
- a Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Carmelo Bernabeu
- a Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) , Madrid , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jarad M, Kuczynski EA, Morrison J, Viloria-Petit AM, Coomber BL. Release of endothelial cell associated VEGFR2 during TGF-β modulated angiogenesis in vitro. BMC Cell Biol 2017; 18:10. [PMID: 28114883 PMCID: PMC5260130 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-017-0127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sprouting angiogenesis requires vascular endothelial proliferation, migration and morphogenesis. The process is regulated by soluble factors, principally vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and via bidirectional signaling through the Jagged/Notch system, leading to assignment of tip cell and stalk cell identity. The cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) can either stimulate or inhibit angiogenesis via its differential surface receptor signaling. Here we evaluate changes in expression of angiogenic signaling receptors when bovine aortic endothelial cells were exposed to TGF-β1 under low serum conditions. Results TGF-β1 induced a dose dependent inhibition of tip cell assignment and subsequent angiogenesis on Matrigel, maximal at 5.0 ng/ml. This occurred via ALK5-dependent pathways and was accompanied by significant upregulation of the TGF-β co-receptor endoglin, and SMAD2 phosphorylation, but no alteration in Smad1/5 activation. TGF-β1 also induced ALK5-dependent downregulation of Notch1 but not of its ligand delta-like ligand 4. Cell associated VEGFR2 (but not VEGFR1) was significantly downregulated and accompanied by reciprocal upregulation of VEGFR2 in conditioned medium. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that this soluble VEGFR2 was not generated by a selective shift in mRNA isoform transcription. This VEGFR2 in conditioned medium was full-length protein and was associated with increased soluble HSP-90, consistent with a possible shedding of microvesicles/exosomes. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggest that endothelial cells exposed to TGF-β1 lose both tip and stalk cell identity, possibly mediated by loss of VEGFR2 signaling. The role of these events in physiological and pathological angiogenesis requires further investigation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12860-017-0127-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Jarad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, OVC Room 3645, Guelph, N1G 2W1, ON, Canada
| | - E A Kuczynski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, OVC Room 3645, Guelph, N1G 2W1, ON, Canada
| | - J Morrison
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, OVC Room 3645, Guelph, N1G 2W1, ON, Canada
| | - A M Viloria-Petit
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, OVC Room 3645, Guelph, N1G 2W1, ON, Canada
| | - B L Coomber
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, OVC Room 3645, Guelph, N1G 2W1, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xu J, Liu XJ, Li L, Zhang SH, Li Y, Gao RJ, Zhen YS. An engineered TIMP2-based and enediyne-integrated fusion protein for targeting MMP-14 shows potent antitumor efficacy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:26322-34. [PMID: 26314845 PMCID: PMC4694904 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that MMP-14 is highly expressed in a panel of human solid tumors and poses as a potential molecular target for anticancer drugs. Currently, major strategies for targeted therapeutics have mainly focused on the use of antibody or ligand-based agents. For seeking an alternative approach, it is of interest to employ endogenous proteins as drug delivery carriers. Considering the facts that TIMP2, the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2, shows specific interaction with MMP-14 and that Lidamycin (LDM), an extremely potent cytotoxic antitumor antibiotic, consists of an apoprotein (LDP) and a highly active enediyne (AE); we designed and prepared a TIMP2-based and enediyne-integrated fusion protein LDP(AE)-TIMP2 by DNA recombination and molecular reconstitution consecutively. Furthermore, the MMP-14 binding attributes of the active fusion protein were determined and its therapeutic efficacy against human esophageal carcinoma KYSE150 xenograft and human fibrosarcoma HT1080 xenograft models in nude mice was investigated. It is suggested that TIMP2, the endogenous and MMP-14 binding protein, might serve as a guided carrier for targeted therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Jun Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Hua Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Juan Gao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Su Zhen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li M, Xing S, Zhang H, Shang S, Li X, Ren B, Li G, Chang X, Li Y, Li W. A matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor enhances anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 antibody immunotherapy in breast cancer by reprogramming the tumor microenvironment. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:1329-39. [PMID: 26752000 PMCID: PMC4750755 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) treatment is effective for the treatment of primary tumors, but not sufficient for the treatment of metastatic tumors, likely owing to the effects of the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we aimed to determine the therapeutic effects of combined treatment with a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor (MMPI) and anti-CTLA-4 antibody in a breast cancer model in mice. Interestingly, combined treatment with MMPI and anti-CTLA-4 antibody delayed tumor growth and reduced lung and liver metastases compared with anti-CTLA-4 alone or vehicle treatment. The functions of the liver and kidney in mice in the different groups did not differ significantly compared with that in normal mice. The CD8+/CD4+ ratio in T cells in the spleen and tumor were increased after monotherapy or combined anti-CTLA-4 antibody plus MMPI therapy compared with that in vehicle-treated mice. Anti-CTLA-4 antibody plus MMPI therapy reduced the percentage of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and decreased the Treg/Th17 cell ratio in the spleen compared with those in the vehicle-treated group. Additionally, anti-CTLA-4 antibody plus MMPI therapy reduced the percentages of regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and Th17 cells in tumors compared with that in the vehicle-treated group. Moreover, combined treatment with MMPI and anti-CTLA-4 antibody reduced the microvessel density (MVD) in tumors compared with that in vehicle or MMPI-treated mice. There was a negative correlation between MVD and the CD8+ T cell percentage, CD4+ T cell percentage, and CD8+/CD4+ T cell ratio, but a positive correlation with Tregs, Th17 cells, Treg/Th17 cell ratio, and MDSCs. Thus, these data demonstrated that addition of MMPI enhanced the effects of anti-CTLA-4 antibody treatment in a mouse model of breast cancer by delaying tumor growth and reducing metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Shugang Xing
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Siqi Shang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiangxiang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Bo Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Gaiyun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaona Chang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yilei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Muñoz-Félix JM, González-Núñez M, Martínez-Salgado C, López-Novoa JM. TGF-β/BMP proteins as therapeutic targets in renal fibrosis. Where have we arrived after 25 years of trials and tribulations? Pharmacol Ther 2015; 156:44-58. [PMID: 26493350 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains as a challenge. More than 10% of the population of developed countries suffer from CKD. Proliferation and activation of myofibroblasts and accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins are the main features of kidney fibrosis, a process in which a large number of cytokines are involved. Targeting cytokines responsible for kidney fibrosis development might be an important strategy to face the problem of CKD. The increasing knowledge of the signaling pathway network of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily members, such as the profibrotic cytokine TGF-β1 or the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and their involvement in the regulation of kidney fibrosis, has stimulated numerous research teams to look for potential strategies to inhibit profibrotic cytokines or to enhance the anti-fibrotic actions of other cytokines. The consequence of all these studies is a better understanding of all these canonical (Smad-mediated) and non-canonical signaling pathways. In addition, the different receptors involved for signaling of each cytokine, the different combinations of type I-type II receptors, and the presence and function of co-receptors that can influence the biological response have been also described. However, are these studies leading to suitable strategies to block the appearance and progression of kidney fibrosis? In this review, we offer a critical perspective analyzing the achievements using the most important strategies developed up till now: TGF-β antibodies, chemical inhibitors of TGF-β receptors, miRNAs and signaling pathways and BMP agonists with a potential role as therapeutic molecules against kidney fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José M Muñoz-Félix
- Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - María González-Núñez
- Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Martínez-Salgado
- Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José M López-Novoa
- Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pan CC, Kumar S, Shah N, Bloodworth JC, Hawinkels LJAC, Mythreye K, Hoyt DG, Lee NY. Endoglin Regulation of Smad2 Function Mediates Beclin1 Expression and Endothelial Autophagy. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:14884-92. [PMID: 25931117 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.630178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is the targeted degradation of proteins and organelles critical for homeostasis and cell survival. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) differentially regulates autophagy in a context-specific manner, although the precise intracellular mechanisms remain less clear. Importantly, how TGF-β controls autophagic responses in endothelial cells (EC) during angiogenesis is unknown. Here we identified endoglin, an EC-specific TGF-β co-receptor essential for angiogenesis, as a key determinant of autophagy. Among the two opposing TGF-β Smad pathways in the EC system (Smad1/5/8 and Smad2/3), we found Smad2 as the major transcriptional regulator of autophagy that targets beclin1 (BECN1) gene expression. Smad2, but not Smad3, acts as a repressor upstream of the BECN1 promoter region. Overall, endoglin promotes autophagy by impeding Smad2 transcriptional repressor activity. Notably, increased beclin1 levels upon Smad2 knockdown directly correlated with enhanced autophagy during angiogenesis. Taken together, these results establish endoglin as a critical mediator of autophagy and demonstrate a new transcriptional mechanism by which Smad2 inhibits angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- From the Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy
| | - Nirav Shah
- From the Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy
| | - Jeffrey C Bloodworth
- Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University, Maywood, Illinois 60153, and
| | - Lukas J A C Hawinkels
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karthikeyan Mythreye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Dale G Hoyt
- From the Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy
| | - Nam Y Lee
- From the Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Long VP, Bonilla IM, Vargas-Pinto P, Nishijima Y, Sridhar A, Li C, Mowrey K, Wright P, Velayutham M, Kumar S, Lee NY, Zweier JL, Mohler PJ, Györke S, Carnes CA. Heart failure duration progressively modulates the arrhythmia substrate through structural and electrical remodeling. Life Sci 2015; 123:61-71. [PMID: 25596015 PMCID: PMC4763601 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Ventricular arrhythmias are a common cause of death in patients with heart failure (HF). Structural and electrical abnormalities in the heart provide a substrate for such arrhythmias. Canine tachypacing-induced HF models of 4-6 weeks duration are often used to study pathophysiology and therapies for HF. We hypothesized that a chronic canine model of HF would result in greater electrical and structural remodeling than a short term model, leading to a more arrhythmogenic substrate. MAIN METHODS HF was induced by ventricular tachypacing for one (short-term) or four (chronic) months to study remodeling. KEY FINDINGS Left ventricular contractility was progressively reduced, while ventricular hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis were evident at 4 month but not 1 month of HF. Left ventricular myocyte action potentials were prolonged after 4 (p<0.05) but not 1 month of HF. Repolarization instability and early afterdepolarizations were evident only after 4 months of HF (p<0.05), coinciding with a prolonged QTc interval (p<0.05). The transient outward potassium current was reduced in both HF groups (p<0.05). The outward component of the inward rectifier potassium current was reduced only in the 4 month HF group (p<0.05). The delayed rectifier potassium currents were reduced in 4 (p<0.05) but not 1 month of HF. Reactive oxygen species were increased at both 1 and 4 months of HF (p<0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Reduced Ito, outward IK1, IKs, and IKr in HF contribute to EAD formation. Chronic, but not short term canine HF, results in the altered electrophysiology and repolarization instability characteristic of end-stage human HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor P Long
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ingrid M Bonilla
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Pedro Vargas-Pinto
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Arun Sridhar
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chun Li
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Patrick Wright
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Murugesan Velayutham
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nam Y Lee
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jay L Zweier
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Peter J Mohler
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sandor Györke
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cynthia A Carnes
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Basis for substrate recognition and distinction by matrix metalloproteinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E4148-55. [PMID: 25246591 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1406134111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic sequencing and structural genomics produced a vast amount of sequence and structural data, creating an opportunity for structure-function analysis in silico [Radivojac P, et al. (2013) Nat Methods 10(3):221-227]. Unfortunately, only a few large experimental datasets exist to serve as benchmarks for function-related predictions. Furthermore, currently there are no reliable means to predict the extent of functional similarity among proteins. Here, we quantify structure-function relationships among three phylogenetic branches of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family by comparing their cleavage efficiencies toward an extended set of phage peptide substrates that were selected from ∼ 64 million peptide sequences (i.e., a large unbiased representation of substrate space). The observed second-order rate constants [k(obs)] across the substrate space provide a distance measure of functional similarity among the MMPs. These functional distances directly correlate with MMP phylogenetic distance. There is also a remarkable and near-perfect correlation between the MMP substrate preference and sequence identity of 50-57 discontinuous residues surrounding the catalytic groove. We conclude that these residues represent the specificity-determining positions (SDPs) that allowed for the expansion of MMP proteolytic function during evolution. A transmutation of only a few selected SDPs proximal to the bound substrate peptide, and contributing the most to selectivity among the MMPs, is sufficient to enact a global change in the substrate preference of one MMP to that of another, indicating the potential for the rational and focused redesign of cleavage specificity in MMPs.
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu Y, Tian H, Blobe GC, Theuer CP, Hurwitz HI, Nixon AB. Effects of the combination of TRC105 and bevacizumab on endothelial cell biology. Invest New Drugs 2014; 32:851-9. [PMID: 24994097 PMCID: PMC4169868 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-014-0129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Endoglin, or CD105, is a cell membrane glycoprotein that is overexpressed on proliferating endothelial cells (EC), including those found in malignancies and choroidal neovascularization. Endoglin mediates the transition from quiescent endothelium, characterized by the relatively dominant state of Smad 2/3 phosphorylation, to active angiogenesis by preferentially phosphorylating Smad 1/5/8. The monoclonal antibody TRC105 binds endoglin with high avidity and is currently being tested in phase 1b and phase 2 clinical trials. In this report, we evaluated the effects of TRC105 on primary human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) as a single agent and in combination with bevacizumab. As single agents, both TRC105 and bevacizumab efficiently blocked HUVEC tube formation, and the combination of both agents achieved even greater levels of inhibition. We further assessed the effects of each drug on various aspects of HUVEC function. While bevacizumab was observed to inhibit HUVEC viability in nutrient-limited medium, TRC105 had little effect on HUVEC viability, either alone or in combination with bevacizumab. Additionally, both drugs inhibited HUVEC migration and induced apoptosis. At the molecular level, TRC105 treatment of HUVEC lead to decreased Smad 1/5/8 phosphorylation in response to BMP-9, a primary ligand for endoglin. Together, these results indicate that TRC105 acts as an effective anti-angiogenic agent alone and in combination with bevacizumab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingmiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 2631, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Hongyu Tian
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 2631, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Gerard C. Blobe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 2631, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | | | - Herbert I. Hurwitz
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 2631, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Andrew B. Nixon
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 2631, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Meurer SK, Alsamman M, Scholten D, Weiskirchen R. Endoglin in liver fibrogenesis: Bridging basic science and clinical practice. World J Biol Chem 2014; 5:180-203. [PMID: 24921008 PMCID: PMC4050112 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v5.i2.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoglin, also known as cluster of differentiation CD105, was originally identified 25 years ago as a novel marker of endothelial cells. Later it was shown that endoglin is also expressed in pro-fibrogenic cells including mesangial cells, cardiac and scleroderma fibroblasts, and hepatic stellate cells. It is an integral membrane-bound disulfide-linked 180 kDa homodimeric receptor that acts as a transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) auxiliary co-receptor. In humans, several hundreds of mutations of the endoglin gene are known that give rise to an autosomal dominant bleeding disorder that is characterized by localized angiodysplasia and arteriovenous malformation. This disease is termed hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type I and induces various vascular lesions, mainly on the face, lips, hands and gastrointestinal mucosa. Two variants of endoglin (i.e., S- and L-endoglin) are formed by alternative splicing that distinguishes from each other in the length of their cytoplasmic tails. Moreover, a soluble form of endoglin, i.e., sol-Eng, is shedded by the matrix metalloprotease-14 that cleaves within the extracellular juxtamembrane region. Endoglin interacts with the TGF-β signaling receptors and influences Smad-dependent and -independent effects. Recent work has demonstrated that endoglin is a crucial mediator during liver fibrogenesis that critically controls the activity of the different Smad branches. In the present review, we summarize the present knowledge of endoglin expression and function, its involvement in fibrogenic Smad signaling, current models to investigate endoglin function, and the diagnostic value of endoglin in liver disease.
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu Y, Starr MD, Brady JC, Dellinger A, Pang H, Adams B, Theuer CP, Lee NY, Hurwitz HI, Nixon AB. Modulation of circulating protein biomarkers following TRC105 (anti-endoglin antibody) treatment in patients with advanced cancer. Cancer Med 2014; 3:580-91. [PMID: 24574330 PMCID: PMC4101749 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
TRC105 is an endoglin-targeting drug that possesses anti-angiogenic and antitumor potential. Analysis of the initial phase I trial of TRC105 demonstrated good tolerability and efficacy in cancer patients. In this report, we analyzed multiple circulating biomarkers at baseline, cycle 2 day 1 (C2D1), and end of study (EOS) for each patient. The baseline level and the fold change from baseline to both C2D1 and EOS for each marker were statistically analyzed. At C2D1, seven markers were significantly downregulated (angiopoietin-2 [Ang-2], insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 [IGFBP-3], plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 [PAI-1] total, platelet-derived growth factor [PDGF]-AA, PDGF-BB, thrombospondin-1 [TSP-1], and vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]-D). Meanwhile, seven markers were upregulated by C2D1 (E-Cadherin, soluble Endoglin [sEnd], E-Selectin, interleukin-6 [IL-6], osteopontin [OPN], TSP-2, and von Willebrand factor [vWF]). At EOS, seven markers were upregulated including Ang-2, C-reactive protein (CRP), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), IGFBP-1, IL-6, TSP-2, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). A statistical trend was also seen for increases of VEGF-A and placenta growth factor (PlGF) at EOS. Throughout treatment, sEnd levels significantly increased, an observation that was recapitulated in cultured endothelial cells. This is the first report of plasma-based biomarkers in patients receiving TRC105. TRC105 treatment by C2D1 was associated with decreases in several angiogenic factors, including Ang-2, PDGF isoforms, and VEGF isoforms, offering insight into the mechanisms underlying TRC105's anti-angiogenic, antitumor function. Increases in sEnd were the most significant of all observed biomarker changes and may reflect direct drug effects. Additionally, biomarker changes in response to TRC105 are distinct from those seen in patients treated with VEGF-targeting drugs, suggesting the possible utility of combining these two classes of angiogenesis inhibitors in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingmiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|