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He T, Yuan Z, Chen Q, Luo J, Mao J, Tang Z, Zhao X, Yang Z. Circular RNAs Mediate the Effects of Dietary Tryptophan on the Transformation of Muscle Fiber Types in Weaned Piglets. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8595-8605. [PMID: 38591744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The nutritional composition of the diet significantly impacts the overall growth and development of weaned piglets. The current study aimed to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of dietary tryptophan consumption on muscle fiber type transformation during the weaning period. Thirty weaned piglets with an average body weight of 6.12 ± 0.16 kg were randomly divided into control (CON, 0.14% Trp diet) and high Trp (HT, 0.35% Trp) groups and maintained on the respective diet for 28 days. The HT group of weaned piglets exhibited highly significant improvements in growth performance and an increased proportion of fast muscle fibers. Transcriptome sequencing revealed the potential contribution of differentially expressed circular RNAs toward the transformation of myofiber types in piglets and toward the regulation of expression of related genes by targeting the microRNAs, miR-34c and miR-182, to further regulate myofiber transformation. In addition, 145 DE circRNAs were identified as potentially protein-encoding, with the encoded proteins associated with a myofiber type transformation. In conclusion, the current study greatly advances and refines our current understanding of the regulatory networks associated with piglet muscle development and myofiber type transformation and also contributes to the optimization of piglet diet formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle He
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhidong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Qingyun Chen
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ju Luo
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiani Mao
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhiru Tang
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhenguo Yang
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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2
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Gutierrez WR, Scherer A, Rytlewski JD, Laverty EA, Sheehan AP, McGivney GR, Brockman QR, Knepper-Adrian V, Roughton GA, Quelle DE, Gordon DJ, Monga V, Dodd RD. Augmenting chemotherapy with low-dose decitabine through an immune-independent mechanism. JCI Insight 2022; 7:159419. [PMID: 36227698 PMCID: PMC9746804 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.159419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine has classically been used to reactivate silenced genes and as a pretreatment for anticancer therapies. In a variation of this idea, this study explores the concept of adding low-dose decitabine (DAC) following administration of chemotherapy to bolster therapeutic efficacy. We find that addition of DAC following treatment with the chemotherapy agent gemcitabine improves survival and slows tumor growth in a mouse model of high-grade sarcoma. Unlike prior studies in epithelial tumor models, DAC did not induce a robust antitumor T cell response in sarcoma. Furthermore, DAC synergizes with gemcitabine independently of the immune system. Mechanistic analyses demonstrate that the combination therapy induces biphasic cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Therapeutic efficacy was sequence dependent, with gemcitabine priming cells for treatment with DAC through inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase. This study identifies an apparently unique application of DAC to augment the cytotoxic effects of conventional chemotherapy in an immune-independent manner. The concepts explored in this study represent a promising paradigm for cancer treatment by augmenting chemotherapy through addition of DAC to increase tolerability and improve patient response. These findings have widespread implications for the treatment of sarcomas and other aggressive malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade R Gutierrez
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program.,Medical Scientist Training Program.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Amanda Scherer
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | | | - Alexa P Sheehan
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Internal Medicine.,Molecular Medicine Graduate Program
| | - Gavin R McGivney
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Internal Medicine.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
| | - Qierra R Brockman
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Internal Medicine.,Molecular Medicine Graduate Program
| | | | | | - Dawn E Quelle
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program.,Medical Scientist Training Program.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Molecular Medicine Graduate Program.,Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology.,Department of Pathology, and
| | - David J Gordon
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Varun Monga
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Rebecca D Dodd
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program.,Medical Scientist Training Program.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Internal Medicine.,Molecular Medicine Graduate Program
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3
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miR-183/96/182 Cluster Regulates the Development of Bovine Myoblasts through Targeting FoxO1. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202799. [PMID: 36290185 PMCID: PMC9597811 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this work, we identified that the miR-183/96/182 cluster was highly expressed in bovine embryonic muscle; meanwhile, it widely existed in other organizations. Functional assays indicated that the miR-183/96/182 cluster targets the FoxO1 gene to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of bovine myoblasts. Abstract Muscle development is an important factor affecting meat yield and quality and is coordinated by a variety of the myogenic genes and signaling pathways. Recent studies reported that miRNA, a class of highly conserved small noncoding RNA, is actively involved in regulating muscle development, but many miRNAs still need to be further explored. Here, we identified that the miR-183/96/182 cluster exhibited higher expression in bovine embryonic muscle; meanwhile, it widely existed in other organizations. Functionally, the results of the RT-qPCR, EdU, CCK8 and immunofluorescence assays demonstrated that the miR-183/96/182 cluster promoted proliferation and differentiation of bovine myoblast. Next, we found that the miR-183/96/182 cluster targeted FoxO1 and restrained its expression. Meanwhile, the expression of FoxO1 had a negative correlation with the expression of the miR-183/96/182 cluster during myoblast differentiation. In a word, our findings indicated that the miR-183/96/182 cluster serves as a positive regulator in the proliferation and differentiation of bovine myoblasts through suppressing the expression of FoxO1.
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Wu W, Chen Y, Ye S, Yang H, Yang J, Quan J. Transcription factor forkhead box K1 regulates miR-32 expression and enhances cell proliferation in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:407. [PMID: 33841568 PMCID: PMC8020380 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased microRNA (miR)-32 expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues enhances CRC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and attenuates CRC cell apoptosis by repressing the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Forkhead box K1 (FOXK1) was identified as a potential interacting transcription factor using DNA pull-down assays and mass spectrometry. The present study aimed to elucidate the role of FOXK1 in regulating miR-32 expression in CRC. The expressions of FOXK1, miR-32, transmembrane protein 245 gene (TMEM245) and PTEN were compared between CRC and normal colonic tissues. Levels of miR-32, TMEM245, PTEN and the proliferation and apoptosis of CRC cells were studied using FOXK1-overexpression or knockdown, or by simultaneously interfering with FOXK1 and miR-32 expression. Direct FOXK1 binding to the miR-32 promoter was verified using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual-luciferase reporter assays. The results showed elevated FOXK1, miR-32 and TMEM245 expression, and significantly decreased PTEN expression in CRC, compared with normal colonic tissues. Correlations between the expressions of TMEM245 and miR-32, FOXK1 and miR-32, and FOXK1 and TMEM245 were positive and significant. FOXK1-knockdown led to decreased miR-32 and TMEM245 expression and increased PTEN expression, whereas FOXK1-overexpression had the opposite effect. Overexpressed FOXK1 promoted the malignancy of CRC cells in vitro by stimulating proliferation and reducing apoptosis; whereas FOXK1-depletion suppressed such malignancy and a miR-32 inhibitor partially reversed the effects of FOXK1. The results of ChIP and dual-luciferase reporter assays indicated that FOXK1 directly binds to the promoter of TMEM245/miR-32. Thus, the FOXK1-miR-32-PTEN signaling axis may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyun Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Yongze Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Shicai Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Jianyun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Juanhua Quan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
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Gutierrez WR, Scherer A, McGivney GR, Brockman QR, Knepper-Adrian V, Laverty EA, Roughton GA, Dodd RD. Divergent immune landscapes of primary and syngeneic Kras-driven mouse tumor models. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1098. [PMID: 33441747 PMCID: PMC7806664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80216-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells play critical functions in cancer, and mice with intact immune systems are vital to understanding tumor immunology. Both genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) and syngeneic cell transplant approaches use immunocompetent mice to define immune-dependent events in tumor development and progression. Due to their rapid and reproducible nature, there is expanded interest in developing new syngeneic tools from established primary tumor models. However, few studies have examined the extent that syngeneic tumors reflect the immune profile of their originating primary models. Here, we describe comprehensive immunophenotyping of two well-established GEMMs and four new syngeneic models derived from these parental primary tumors. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic analysis comparing immune landscapes between primary and orthotopic syngeneic tumors. These models all use the same well-defined human-relevant driver mutations, arise at identical orthotopic locations, and are generated in mice of the same background strain. This allows for a direct and focused comparison of tumor immune landscapes in carefully controlled mouse models. We identify key differences between the immune infiltrate of GEMM models and their corresponding syngeneic tumors. Most notable is the divergence of T cell populations, with different proportions of CD8+ T cells and regulatory T cells across several models. We also observe immune variation across syngeneic tumors derived from the same primary model. These findings highlight the importance of immune variance across mouse modeling approaches, which has strong implications for the design of rigorous and reproducible translational studies.
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Grants
- P30 CA086862 NCI NIH HHS
- T32 GM007337 NIGMS NIH HHS
- T32 GM067795 NIGMS NIH HHS
- Pharmacology Training Grant, University of Iowa, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, United States
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, United States
- Sarcoma Multidisciplinary Oncology Group, University of Iowa, United States
- NCI Core Grant, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade R Gutierrez
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 285 Newton Rd, 3269C CBRB, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Amanda Scherer
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Gavin R McGivney
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 285 Newton Rd, 3269C CBRB, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Qierra R Brockman
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Emily A Laverty
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Grace A Roughton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Rebecca D Dodd
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 285 Newton Rd, 3269C CBRB, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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miR-182 suppresses invadopodia formation and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer by targeting cortactin gene. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:141. [PMID: 29986736 PMCID: PMC6038252 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0824-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer mortality and is a major hurdle for lung cancer treatment. Invadopodia, which are cancer-specific protrusive structures, play a crucial role in the metastatic cascade through degradation of the basement membrane and surrounding stroma. Cortactin, a critical component of invadopodia, frequently used as an invadopodia marker, a universally important player in invadopodia function, and is frequently overexpressed in cancer, but the exact mechanism of regulation is not yet fully understood. Methods The expression level of CTTN in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues was detected by qRT-PCR. Cell migration, invasion and invadopodia formation were assessed in vitro by wound-healing, transwell assay and immunofluorescence, respectively. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the direct target of miR-182. Results Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) can induce CTTN expression, motility, and invasion ability, as well as invadopodia formation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Moreover, miR-182 suppressed metastasis and invadopodia formation by targeting CTTN in NSCLC. Our qRT-PCR results showed that CTTN expression was inversely correlated with miR-182 expression that suppressed invadopodia formation via suppression of the Cdc42/N-WASP pathway. Furthermore, miR-182 negatively regulated invadopodia function, and suppressed extracellular matrix(ECM) degradation in lung cancer cells by inhibiting cortactin. Conclusion Collectively, our results demonstrated that miR-182 targeted CTTN gene in NSCLC and suppressed lung cancer invadopodia formation, and thus suppressed lung cancer metastasis. This suggests a therapeutic application of miR-182 in NSCLC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0824-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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7
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Zhang S, Li LH, Qiao HM, Yang X, Chen L, Luo XH. Regulation of the Antioxidant Response by MyoD Transcriptional Coactivator in Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Cells. Urology 2018; 123:296.e9-296.e18. [PMID: 29730257 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To reveal the potential role of the basic helix-loop-helix myogenic transcription regulator MyoD in the regulation of castration-resistant prostate cancer. METHODS Expression level of MyoD was assessed in prostate cancer tissues using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry and in experimentally induced castration-resistant LNCaP/R cells using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. Effect of MyoD knockdown on LNCaP/R cell progression was determined by assessing cell proliferation, apoptosis, and colony formation rate. The effect of MyoD knockdown on the oxidative stress state in PC3 cells was determined by assessing antioxidant response gene expression and glutathione synthetase-to-glutathione ratio. Finally, the functional link between the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 1 (NRF1) and the regulation of antioxidant response element-driven transcription by MyoD was studied at both molecular and functional levels. RESULTS MyoD expression was significantly upregulated in hormone-refractory prostate cancer tissues and in experimentally induced castration-resistant LNCaP/R cells, and MyoD knockdown effectively impaired LNCaP/R cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis under androgen-depleted condition. Moreover, MyoD enhanced the glutathione production and protected against oxidative stress by positively regulating a cluster of antioxidant genes known to be the downstream targets of NRF1. Mechanistically, MyoD could augment the antioxidant response element-driven transcription in an NRF1-dependent manner, and the stimulatory effect of MyoD on the antioxidant response was substantially compromised in the presence of NRF1 small interfering RNA treatment. CONCLUSION We have identified an unexpected collaboration between MyoD and NRF1 under androgen-depleted condition, which may serve as an important adaptive mechanism during the pathogenesis of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin-Hu Li
- Department of Urology, Jingyang County Hospital, Xianyang, China
| | - Hong-Mei Qiao
- Department of Oncology, Baoji Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Baoji, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Oncology, Baoji Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Baoji, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Oncology, Baoji Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Baoji, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Luo
- Department of Urology, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, China.
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8
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Chou CH, Tu HF, Kao SY, Chiang CYF, Liu CJ, Chang KW, Lin SC. Targeting of miR-31/96/182 to the Numb gene during head and neck oncogenesis. Head Neck 2018; 40:808-817. [PMID: 29356167 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study investigates whether miR-31, miR-96, and miR-182 are involved in targeting Numb during HNSCC. METHODS The expression of miR-31/96/182 in tumor tissues was analyzed. Reporter assay, knockdown, expression, and oncogenic analysis were carried out in cell lines. RESULTS Upregulation of miR-31/96/182 was detected in tumor tissues. In addition, advanced tumors showed higher expression levels of these miRNAs. The expression of these miRNAs was upregulated after treatment with areca ingredients (P < .01 or P < .001). These miRNAs directly targeted the 3' untranslated region (UTR) sequence of the Numb gene. An increased migration and invasion of HNSCC cells was associated with the exogenous expression of miR-31/96/182 (P < .01 or P < .001), and this was reverted by expression of Numb. CONCLUSION This study provides new evidence demonstrating that there is frequent and concordant upregulation of miR-31, miR-96, and miR-182 during HNSCC and these miRNAs co-target Numb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsien Chou
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Feng Tu
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Yen Kao
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Fan Chiang
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ji Liu
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Lin
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Sha Z, Zhu X, Li N, Li Y, Li D. Proto-oncogenic miR-744 is upregulated by transcription factor c-Jun via a promoter activation mechanism. Oncotarget 2018; 7:64977-64986. [PMID: 27533465 PMCID: PMC5323131 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of miR-744 is associated with poor prognosis in many types of cancer patients, but it is still unclear how miR-744 becomes elevated in these tumors. In this study, we found that ectopic c-Jun elevated miR-744 expression, whereas c-Jun attenuation reduced miR-744 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay confirmed the direct binding of c-Jun to the promoter of miR-744. The binding site of −343 to −349 bp within the most potential promoter like sequence of miR-744 was further validated by luciferase reporter gene assays. C-Jun-induced miR-744 upregulation could significantly promote migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, hence ectopic c-Jun was sufficient to rescue the migratory and invasive ability of these cells when miR-744 was knockdown. Additionally, a positive correlation between the expression levels of miR-744 and c-Jun was revealed in NSCLC samples with high (top 10%) level of miR-744 expression from the TCGA dataset. Taken together, our results demonstrated for the first time the regulatory mechanism of miR-744 transcription by c-Jun, providing a potential mechanism underlying the upregulation of miR-744 in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Sha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yiyi Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Dianhe Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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10
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Ma Y, Liang AJ, Fan YP, Huang YR, Zhao XM, Sun Y, Chen XF. Dysregulation and functional roles of miR-183-96-182 cluster in cancer cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:42805-42825. [PMID: 27081087 PMCID: PMC5173173 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported aberrant expression of the miR-183-96-182 cluster in a variety of tumors, which indicates its' diagnostic or prognostic value. However, a key characteristic of the miR-183-96-182 cluster is its varied expression levels, and pleomorphic functional roles in different tumors or under different conditions. In most tumor types, the cluster is highly expressed and promotes tumorigenesis, cancer progression and metastasis; yet tumor suppressive effects have also been reported in some tumors. In the present study, we discuss the upstream regulators and the downstream target genes of miR-183-96-182 cluster, and highlight the dysregulation and functional roles of this cluster in various tumor cells. Newer insights summarized in this review will help readers understand the different facets of the miR-183-96-182 cluster in cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - A-Juan Liang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Ping Fan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ran Huang
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Feng Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Dodd RD, Lee CL, Overton T, Huang W, Eward WC, Luo L, Ma Y, Ingram DR, Torres KE, Cardona DM, Lazar AJ, Kirsch DG. NF1 +/- Hematopoietic Cells Accelerate Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Development without Altering Chemotherapy Response. Cancer Res 2017; 77:4486-4497. [PMID: 28646022 PMCID: PMC5839126 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency in the tumor suppressor NF1 contributes to the pathobiology of neurofibromatosis type 1, but a related role has not been established in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) where NF1 mutations also occur. Patients with NF1-associated MPNST appear to have worse outcomes than patients with sporadic MPNST, but the mechanism underlying this correlation is not understood. To define the impact of stromal genetics on the biology of this malignancy, we developed unique mouse models that reflect the genetics of patient-associated MPNST. Specifically, we used adenovirus-Cre injections to generate MPNST in Nf1Flox/Flox; Ink4a/ArfFlox/Flox and Nf1Flox/-; Ink4a/ArfFlox/Flox paired littermate mice to model tumors from NF1-wild-type and NF1-associated patients, respectively. In these models, Nf1 haploinsufficiency in hematopoietic cells accelerated tumor onset and increased levels of tumor-infiltrating immune cells comprised of CD11b+ cells, monocytes, and mast cells. We observed that mast cells were also enriched in human NF1-associated MPNST. In a coclinical trial to examine how the tumor microenvironment influences the response to multiagent chemotherapy, we found that stromal Nf1 status had no effect. Taken together, our results clarify the role of the NF1-haploinsufficient tumor microenvironment in MPNST. Cancer Res; 77(16); 4486-97. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca D Dodd
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Chang-Lung Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tess Overton
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Wesley Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - William C Eward
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lixia Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Davis R Ingram
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Keila E Torres
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Diana M Cardona
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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12
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Viral Ubiquitin Ligase Stimulates Selective Host MicroRNA Expression by Targeting ZEB Transcriptional Repressors. Viruses 2017; 9:v9080210. [PMID: 28783105 PMCID: PMC5580467 DOI: 10.3390/v9080210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) brings numerous changes in cellular gene expression. Levels of most host mRNAs are reduced, limiting synthesis of host proteins, especially those involved in antiviral defenses. The impact of HSV-1 on host microRNAs (miRNAs), an extensive network of short non-coding RNAs that regulate mRNA stability/translation, remains largely unexplored. Here we show that transcription of the miR-183 cluster (miR-183, miR-96, and miR-182) is selectively induced by HSV-1 during productive infection of primary fibroblasts and neurons. ICP0, a viral E3 ubiquitin ligase expressed as an immediate-early protein, is both necessary and sufficient for this induction. Nuclear exclusion of ICP0 or removal of the RING (really interesting new gene) finger domain that is required for E3 ligase activity prevents induction. ICP0 promotes the degradation of numerous host proteins and for the most part, the downstream consequences are unknown. Induction of the miR-183 cluster can be mimicked by depletion of host transcriptional repressors zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1)/-crystallin enhancer binding factor 1 (δEF1) and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2)/Smad-interacting protein 1 (SIP1), which we establish as new substrates for ICP0-mediated degradation. Thus, HSV-1 selectively stimulates expression of the miR-183 cluster by ICP0-mediated degradation of ZEB transcriptional repressors.
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13
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Urbánek P, Klotz L. Posttranscriptional regulation of FOXO expression: microRNAs and beyond. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1514-1532. [PMID: 26920226 PMCID: PMC5446586 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box, class O (FOXO) transcription factors are major regulators of diverse cellular processes, including fuel metabolism, oxidative stress response and redox signalling, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Their activities are controlled by multiple posttranslational modifications and nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling. Recently, post-transcriptional regulation of FOXO synthesis has emerged as a new regulatory level of their functions. Accumulating evidence suggests that this post-transcriptional mode of regulation of FOXO activity operates in response to stressful stimuli, including oxidative stress. Here, we give a brief overview on post-transcriptional regulation of FOXO synthesis by microRNAs (miRNAs) and by RNA-binding regulatory proteins, human antigen R (HuR) and quaking (QKI). Aberrant post-transcriptional regulation of FOXOs is frequently connected with various disease states. We therefore discuss characteristic examples of FOXO regulation at the post-transcriptional level under various physiological and pathophysiological conditions, including oxidative stress and cancer. The picture emerging from this summary points to a diversity of interactions between miRNAs/miRNA-induced silencing complexes and RNA-binding regulatory proteins. Better insight into these complexities of post-transcriptional regulatory interactions will add to our understanding of the mechanisms of pathological processes and the role of FOXO proteins. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Urbánek
- Institute of Nutrition, Department of NutrigenomicsFriedrich‐Schiller‐Universität JenaJenaGermany
| | - L‐O Klotz
- Institute of Nutrition, Department of NutrigenomicsFriedrich‐Schiller‐Universität JenaJenaGermany
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14
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Scott MC, Tomiyasu H, Garbe JR, Cornax I, Amaya C, O'Sullivan MG, Subramanian S, Bryan BA, Modiano JF. Heterotypic mouse models of canine osteosarcoma recapitulate tumor heterogeneity and biological behavior. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:1435-1444. [PMID: 27874835 PMCID: PMC5200896 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.026849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a heterogeneous and rare disease with a disproportionate impact because it mainly affects children and adolescents. Lamentably, more than half of patients with OS succumb to metastatic disease. Clarification of the etiology of the disease, development of better strategies to manage progression, and methods to guide personalized treatments are among the unmet health needs for OS patients. Progress in managing the disease has been hindered by the extreme heterogeneity of OS; thus, better models that accurately recapitulate the natural heterogeneity of the disease are needed. For this study, we used cell lines derived from two spontaneous canine OS tumors with distinctly different biological behavior (OS-1 and OS-2) for heterotypic in vivo modeling that recapitulates the heterogeneous biology and behavior of this disease. Both cell lines demonstrated stability of the transcriptome when grown as orthotopic xenografts in athymic nude mice. Consistent with the behavior of the original tumors, OS-2 xenografts grew more rapidly at the primary site and had greater propensity to disseminate to lung and establish microscopic metastasis. Moreover, OS-2 promoted formation of a different tumor-associated stromal environment than OS-1 xenografts. OS-2-derived tumors comprised a larger percentage of the xenograft tumors than OS-1-derived tumors. In addition, a robust pro-inflammatory population dominated the stromal cell infiltrates in OS-2 xenografts, whereas a mesenchymal population with a gene signature reflecting myogenic signaling dominated those in the OS-1 xenografts. Our studies show that canine OS cell lines maintain intrinsic features of the tumors from which they were derived and recapitulate the heterogeneous biology and behavior of bone cancer in mouse models. This system provides a resource to understand essential interactions between tumor cells and the stromal environment that drive the progression and metastatic propensity of OS. Editors' choice: We developed a system that recapitulates the heterogeneous biological behavior of bone cancer in mouse models and describe novel methods to study tumor–stromal interactions in these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milcah C Scott
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Hirotaka Tomiyasu
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - John R Garbe
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ingrid Cornax
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Clarissa Amaya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research at the Paul Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - M Gerard O'Sullivan
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Subbaya Subramanian
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Brad A Bryan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research at the Paul Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Jaime F Modiano
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA .,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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15
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Hanna JA, Garcia MR, Go JC, Finkelstein D, Kodali K, Pagala V, Wang X, Peng J, Hatley ME. PAX7 is a required target for microRNA-206-induced differentiation of fusion-negative rhabdomyosarcoma. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2256. [PMID: 27277678 PMCID: PMC5143388 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood. RMS can be parsed based on clinical outcome into two subtypes, fusion-positive RMS (FP-RMS) or fusion-negative RMS (FN-RMS) based on the presence or absence of either PAX3-FOXO1 or PAX7-FOXO1 gene fusions. In both RMS subtypes, tumor cells show histology and a gene expression pattern resembling that of developmentally arrested skeletal muscle. Differentiation therapy is an attractive approach to embryonal tumors of childhood including RMS; however, agents to drive RMS differentiation have not entered the clinic and their mechanisms remain unclear. MicroRNA-206 (miR-206) expression increases through normal muscle development and has decreased levels in RMS compared with normal skeletal muscle. Increasing miR-206 expression drives differentiation of RMS, but the target genes responsible for the relief of the development arrest are largely unknown. Using a combinatorial approach with gene and proteomic profiling coupled with genetic rescue, we identified key miR-206 targets responsible for the FN-RMS differentiation blockade, PAX7, PAX3, NOTCH3, and CCND2. Specifically, we determined that PAX7 downregulation is necessary for miR-206-induced cell cycle exit and myogenic differentiation in FN-RMS but not in FP-RMS. Gene knockdown of targets necessary for miR-206-induced differentiation alone or in combination was not sufficient to phenocopy the differentiation phenotype from miR-206, thus illustrating that miR-206 replacement offers the ability to modulate a complex network of genes responsible for the developmental arrest in FN-RMS. Genetic deletion of miR-206 in a mouse model of FN-RMS accelerated and exacerbated tumor development, indicating that both in vitro and in vivo miR-206 acts as a tumor suppressor in FN-RMS at least partially through downregulation of PAX7. Collectively, our results illustrate that miR-206 relieves the differentiation arrest in FN-RMS and suggests that miR-206 replacement could be a potential therapeutic differentiation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hanna
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - M R Garcia
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - J C Go
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - D Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - K Kodali
- St. Jude Proteomics Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - V Pagala
- St. Jude Proteomics Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - X Wang
- St. Jude Proteomics Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - J Peng
- St. Jude Proteomics Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.,Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - M E Hatley
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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16
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Sachdeva M, Dodd RD, Huang Z, Grenier C, Ma Y, Lev DC, Cardona DM, Murphy SK, Kirsch DG. Epigenetic silencing of Kruppel like factor-3 increases expression of pro-metastatic miR-182. Cancer Lett 2015; 369:202-11. [PMID: 26314219 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRs) regulate cancer metastasis. We have shown that miR-182 drives sarcoma metastasis in vivo by coordinated regulation of multiple genes. Recently, we also demonstrated that in a subset of primary sarcomas that metastasize to the lung, miR-182 expression is elevated through binding of MyoD1 to the miR-182 promoter. However, it is not known if there are also transcription factors that inhibit miR-182 expression. Defining negative regulators of miR-182 expression may help explain why some sarcomas do not metastasize and may also identify pathways that can modulate miR-182 for therapeutic benefit. Here, we use an in silico screen, chromatin-immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter assays to discover that Kruppel like factor-3 (Klf-3) is a novel transcriptional repressor of miR-182. Knockdown of Klf-3 increases miR-182 expression, and stable overexpression of Klf-3, but not a DNA-binding mutant Klf-3, decreases miR-182 levels. Klf-3 expression is downregulated in both primary mouse and human metastatic sarcomas, and Klf-3 levels negatively correlate with miR-182 expression. Interestingly, Klf-3 also negatively regulates MyoD1, suggesting an alternative mechanism for Klf-3 to repress miR-182 expression in addition to direct binding of the miR-182 promoter. Using Methylation Specific PCR (MSP) and pyrosequencing assays, we found that Klf-3 is epigenetically silenced by DNA hypermethylation both in mouse and human sarcoma cells. Finally, we show the DNA methylation inhibitor 5'Azacytidine (Aza) restores Klf-3 expression while reducing miR-182 levels. Thus, our findings suggest that demethylating agents could potentially be used to modulate miR-182 levels as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Sachdeva
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rebecca D Dodd
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Carole Grenier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dina C Lev
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Diana M Cardona
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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