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Meng P, Dong QC, Tan GG, Wen WH, Wang H, Zhang G, Wang YZ, Jing YM, Wang C, Qin WJ, Yuan JL. Anti-tumor effects of a recombinant anti-prostate specific membrane antigen immunotoxin against prostate cancer cells. BMC Urol 2017; 17:14. [PMID: 28193277 PMCID: PMC5307788 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-017-0203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate anti-prostate cancer effects of a chimeric tumor-targeted killer protein. Methods We established a novel fusion gene, immunocasp-3, composed of NH2-terminal leader sequence fused with an anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) antibody (J591), the furin cleavage sequences of diphtheria toxin (Fdt), and the reverse coding sequences of the large and small subunits of caspase-3 (revcaspase-3). The expressing level of the immunocasp-3 gene was evaluated by using the reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis. Cell viability assay and cytotoxicity assay were used to evaluate its anti-tumor effects in vitro. Apoptosis was confirmed by electron microscopy and Annexin V-FITC staining. The antitumor effects of immunocasp-3 were assessed in nude mice xenograft models containing PSMA-overexpressing LNCaP cells. Results This study shows that the immunocasp-3 proteins selectively recognized and induced apoptotic death in PSMA-overexpressing LNCaP cells in vitro, where apoptotic cells were present in 15.3% of the cells transfected with the immunocasp-3 expression vector at 48 h after the transfection, in contrast to 5.5% in the control cells. Moreover, LNCaP cells were significantly killed under the condition of the co-culture of the immunocasp-3-secreting Jurkat cells and more than 50% of the LNCaP cells died when the two cell lines were co-cultured within 5 days. In addition, The expression of immunocasp-3 also significantly suppressed tumor growth and greatly prolonged the animal survival rate in vivo. Conclusion A novel fusion gene, immunocasp-3, may represent a viable approach to treating PSMA-positive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Meng
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing-Chuan Dong
- Department of Urology Surgery, Peoples' Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guang-Guo Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei-Hong Wen
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Geng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan-Zhu Wang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Ming Jing
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Jun Qin
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jian-Lin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Influence of Androgen Deprivation Therapy on the Uptake of PSMA-Targeted Agents: Emerging Opportunities and Challenges. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2016; 51:202-211. [PMID: 28878845 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-016-0439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an attractive target for both diagnosis and therapy because of its high expression in the vast majority of prostate cancers. Development of small molecules for targeting PSMA is important for molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy of prostate cancer. Recent evidence implies that androgen-deprivation therapy increase PSMA-ligand uptake in some cases. The reported upregulations in PSMA-ligand uptake after exposure to second-generation antiandrogens such as enzalutamide and abiraterone might disturb PSMA-targeted imaging for staging and response monitoring of patients undergoing treatment with antiandrogen-based drugs. On the other hand, second-generation antiandrogens are emerging as potential endoradio-/chemosensitizers. Therefore, the enhancement of the therapeutic efficiency of PSMA-targeted theranostic methods can be listed as a new capability of antiandrogens. In this manuscript, we will present what is currently known about the mechanism of increasing PSMA uptake following exposure to antiandrogens. In addition, we will discuss whether these above-mentioned antiandrogens could play the role of endoradio-/chemosensitizers in combination with the well-established PSMA-targeted methods for pre-targeting of prostate cancer.
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Xu J, Cai R, Lu L, Duan C, Tao X, Chen D, Liu Y, Wang X, Cao M, Chen Y. Genetic regulatory network analysis reveals that low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 11 is involved in stress responses in mice. Psychiatry Res 2014; 220:1131-7. [PMID: 25262641 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To study whether Lrp11 is involved in stress response and find its expression regulatory network, the model of stress has been built using C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2 (D2) mice. Western blotting, qPCR and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the expression variation of Lrp11 in amygdala tissue after exposure to stress. We found the quantity of Lrp11 was more obvious in stress models than that in normal mice (P<0.05) which suggests Lrp11 might participate in the process of stress response. The expression of Lrp11 is controlled by a cis-acting quantitative trait locus (cis-eQTL). We identified four genes that are regulated by Lrp11 and the expression of 66 genes highly correlated with Lrp11, seven of which have previously been implicated in stress pathways. To evaluate the relationship between Lrp11 and its downstream genes or network members, we transfected HEK 293T cells and SH-SY5Y cells with Lrp11 siRNA leading to down-regulation of Lrp11mRNA and were able to confirm a significant influence of Lrp11 depletion on the expression of Xpnpep1, Maneal, Pgap1 and Uprt. These validated downstream targets and members of Lrp11 gene network provide new insight into the biological role of Lrp11 and may be an important risk factor in the development of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nantong University Affiliated Mental Health Center, Jiangsu, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Rixin Cai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Jiangsu, Nantong 226001, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Jiangsu, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Jiangsu, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Chengwei Duan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Jiangsu, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xuelei Tao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Jiangsu, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Dongjian Chen
- Department of neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yonghua Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Jiangsu, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Jiangsu, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Maohong Cao
- Department of neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Jiangsu, Nantong 226001, China.
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Fares M, Abou-Seri SM, Abdel-Aziz HA, Abbas SES, Youssef MM, Eladwy RA. Synthesis and antitumor activity of pyrido [2,3-d]pyrimidine and pyrido[2,3-d] [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidine derivatives that induce apoptosis through G1 cell-cycle arrest. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 83:155-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Kucerova L, Poturnajova M, Tyciakova S, Matuskova M. Increased proliferation and chemosensitivity of human mesenchymal stromal cells expressing fusion yeast cytosine deaminase. Stem Cell Res 2012; 8:247-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Chen Y, Wang G, Kong D, Zhang Z, Yang K, Liu R, Zhao W, Xu Y. Double-targeted and double-enhanced suicide gene therapy mediated by generation 5 polyamidoamine dendrimers for prostate cancer. Mol Carcinog 2011; 52:237-46. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.21850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Coulter JA, Page NL, Worthington J, Robson T, Hirst DG, McCarthy HO. Transcriptional regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene therapy: targeting early stage and advanced prostate cancer. J Gene Med 2010; 12:755-65. [PMID: 20821746 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using the tumour type specific human osteocalcin (hOC) promoter, we have previously reported strong promoter activation in hormone independent prostate cancer cells in vitro. In the present study, we present a comparative study of the tissue specific promoter prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), and the tumour-type specific hOC promoter driving the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) transgene using both in vitro and in vivo models. METHODS In vitro cytotoxicity was assessed by clonogenic assay. Quantification of nitric oxide expression was determined by the Griess test. In vivo anti-tumour efficacy was determined by tumour growth delay following direct intra-tumoural injection of the constructs into PC3 xenografts. In addition, tumours were dissected post mortem and examined for morphological differences as well as changes in apoptotic protein expression. RESULTS PSMA/iNOS produced cytotoxicity in both androgen dependant and independent cell lines. Nitric oxide quantification confirmed that increased cytotoxicity was directly associated with nitric oxide production. Tumour growth delays were observed in all groups treated with the iNOS-expressing constructs ranging from 10.7 days for the hOC/iNOS single dose treatment group to a maximum of 52.2 days for the hOC/iNOS multiple dose group. Intra-tumoural assessment of iNOS and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase protein expression demonstrated a significant up-regulation of both proteins, indicating cytotoxicity mediated through the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. CONCLUSIONS Highly significant tumour growth delay coupled with no detrimental side-effects were observed following treatment with the PSMA/iNOS and hOC/iNOS constructs. We consider that these findings provide a basis for the development of systemically delivered PSMA/iNOS or hOC/iNOS targeting early stage and advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Coulter
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University, Belfast, Ireland, UK
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Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells expressing prodrug-converting enzyme inhibit human prostate tumor growth. Mol Ther 2009; 18:223-31. [PMID: 19844197 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2009.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs), engineered to express the suicide gene cytosine deaminase::uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (CD::UPRT), to convert the relatively nontoxic 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) into the highly toxic antitumor 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) together with their ability to track and engraft into tumors and micrometastases makes these cells an attractive tool to activate prodrugs directly within the tumor mass. In this study, we tested the feasibility and efficacy of these therapeutic cells to function as cellular vehicles of prodrug-activating enzymes in prostate cancer (PC) therapy. In in vitro migration experiments we have shown that therapeutic AT-MSCs migrated to all the prostate cell lines tested. In a pilot preclinical study, we observed that coinjections of human bone metastatic PC cells along with the transduced AT-MSCs into nude mice treated with 5-FC induced a complete tumor regression in a dose dependent manner or did not even allow the establishment of the tumor. More importantly, we also demonstrated that the therapeutic cells were effective in significantly inhibiting PC tumor growth after intravenous administration that is a key requisite for any clinical application of gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapies.
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