1
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Asano S, Hata JI, Watanabe K, Shimizu K, Matsui N, Yamada NL, Suzuki K, Kanno R, Hirayama M. Formation Processes of a Solid Electrolyte Interphase at a Silicon/Sulfide Electrolyte Interface in a Model All-Solid-State Li-Ion Battery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:7189-7199. [PMID: 38315660 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the electrochemical reactions at the interface between a Si anode and a solid sulfide electrolyte is essential in improving the cycle stabilities of Si anodes in all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). Highly dense Si films with very low roughnesses of <1 nm were fabricated at room temperature via cathodic arc plasma deposition, which led to the formation of a Si/sulfide electrolyte model interface. Li (de)alloying through the model interface hardly occurred during the first cycle, whereas it proceeded stably in subsequent cycles. Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and neutron reflectometry directly revealed that the reduction or oxidation of the interfacial component or Li3PS4 electrolyte occurred during the first cycle. Consequently, an interfacial layer with a thickness of 13 nm and primarily composed of Li2S, SiS2, and P2S5 glasses was formed during the first cycle. The interfacial layer acted as a Li-conductive, electron-insulating solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) that provided reversible (de)lithiation. Our model interface directly demonstrates the electrochemical reaction processes at the Si/Li3PS4 interface and provides insights into the structures and electrochemical properties of SEIs to activate the (de)lithiation of Si anodes using a sulfide electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Asano
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Hata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Kenta Watanabe
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shimizu
- Research Center for All-Solid-State Battery, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsui
- Research Center for All-Solid-State Battery, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Ohno, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Kota Suzuki
- Research Center for All-Solid-State Battery, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kanno
- Research Center for All-Solid-State Battery, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hirayama
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
- Research Center for All-Solid-State Battery, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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2
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Lin F, Itoh S, Fukuzawa K, Zhang H, Azuma N. Correlation between viscoelastic response and frictional properties of hydrated zwitterionic polymer brush film in narrowing shear gap. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 655:253-261. [PMID: 37944373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS A hydrated 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer brush exhibits exceptional lubricity. This lubrication mechanism has traditionally been attributed to either the inherent fluidity of the brush or the water film that forms owing to its hydrophilic nature. Given previous findings that the frictional properties of the MPC polymer brush film show load dependence, we hypothesize that the lubrication mechanism can be elucidated by examining the shear gap (varies owing to the load) dependence of the brush's viscoelastic response. EXPERIMENTS MPC polymer brush films with different thicknesses were prepared. Their viscoelastic responses were evaluated across different shear gap widths, and the frictional properties were subsequently compared across states with distinct viscoelastic behaviors. FINDINGS The observed shear viscoelasticity demonstrated a clear gap dependence that correlated with frictional attributes. Our data suggests that the lubrication mechanism shifts based on the shear gap. Specifically, two states exhibited low coefficients of friction: one where the osmotic pressure supports the load while allowing flexible deformation of the brush film, and the other where the brush film undergoes compression and transitions to a fully elastic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchang Lin
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shintaro Itoh
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, 464-8601, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 102-0076, Japan.
| | - Kenji Fukuzawa
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hedong Zhang
- Department of Complex Systems Science, Nagoya University, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Naoki Azuma
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, 464-8601, Japan; ACT-X, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 102-0076, Japan
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Germany EM, Thewasano N, Imai K, Maruno Y, Bamert RS, Stubenrauch CJ, Dunstan RA, Ding Y, Nakajima Y, Lai X, Webb CT, Hidaka K, Tan KS, Shen H, Lithgow T, Shiota T. Dual recognition of multiple signals in bacterial outer membrane proteins enhances assembly and maintains membrane integrity. eLife 2024; 12:RP90274. [PMID: 38226797 PMCID: PMC10945584 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are essential components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. In terms of protein targeting and assembly, the current dogma holds that a 'β-signal' imprinted in the final β-strand of the OMP engages the β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) complex to initiate membrane insertion and assembly of the OMP into the outer membrane. Here, we revealed an additional rule that signals equivalent to the β-signal are repeated in other, internal β-strands within bacterial OMPs, by peptidomimetic and mutational analysis. The internal signal is needed to promote the efficiency of the assembly reaction of these OMPs. BamD, an essential subunit of the BAM complex, recognizes the internal signal and the β-signal, arranging several β-strands and partial folding for rapid OMP assembly. The internal signal-BamD ordering system is not essential for bacterial viability but is necessary to retain the integrity of the outer membrane against antibiotics and other environmental insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward M Germany
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
- Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
| | - Nakajohn Thewasano
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
- Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
| | - Kenichiro Imai
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TokyoJapan
| | - Yuki Maruno
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
- Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
| | - Rebecca S Bamert
- Centre to Impact AMR, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
- Infection Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Microbiology, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Christopher J Stubenrauch
- Centre to Impact AMR, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
- Infection Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Microbiology, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Rhys A Dunstan
- Centre to Impact AMR, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
- Infection Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Microbiology, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Yue Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Yukari Nakajima
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
- Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
| | - XiangFeng Lai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Chaille T Webb
- Centre to Impact AMR, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
- Infection Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Microbiology, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Kentaro Hidaka
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
- Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
| | - Kher Shing Tan
- Centre to Impact AMR, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
- Infection Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Microbiology, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Hsinhui Shen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Trevor Lithgow
- Centre to Impact AMR, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
- Infection Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Microbiology, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Takuya Shiota
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
- Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
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4
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Yamashita N, Hirayama T, Hino M, Yamada NL. Neutron reflectometry under high shear in narrow gap for tribology study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18268. [PMID: 37880304 PMCID: PMC10600225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An operando analysis method has been established for evaluating the interfacial structure of an adsorbed layer formed by an additive on a metal surface under fluid lubricated conditions. A parallel-face narrow gap viscometer installed in an energy-resolved neutron reflectometer is used to evaluate the change in the interfacial structure under high shear. The viscometer was designed to operate at a high shear rate while maintaining a µm-order constant gap between two parallel surfaces. When an additive-free base oil was sandwiched in the gap, the neutron reflectivity profiles without and with upper surface rotation were the same. This demonstrates that the reflectivity profiles can be accurately measured regardless of whether the upper surface is rotated. When a base oil containing a polymethacrylate-based additive was sandwiched in the gap, both the thickness and density of the adsorbed additive layer in the rotation (shear field) condition were lower than those in the non-rotation (static) condition. This demonstrates that the proposed method can be used to analyse the structural changes in the adsorbed layer formed by an oil additive on a surface. This combination of a neutron reflectometer and narrow gap viscometer is a promising approach to near-future tribological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yamashita
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Hirayama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hino
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
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5
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Shimokita K, Yamamoto K, Miyata N, Nakanishi Y, Shibata M, Takenaka M, Yamada NL, Seto H, Aoki H, Miyazaki T. Neutron reflectivity study on the nanostructure of PMMA chains near substrate interfaces based on contrast variation accompanied with small molecule sorption. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:2082-2089. [PMID: 36808205 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01482c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the case of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thin films on a Si substrate, thermal annealing induces the formation of a layer of PMMA chains tightly adsorbed near the substrate interface, and the strongly adsorbed PMMA remains on the substrate, even after washing with toluene (hereinafter called adsorbed sample). Neutron reflectometry revealed that the concerned structure consists of three layers: an inner layer (tightly bound on the substrate), a middle layer (bulk-like), and an outer layer (surface) in the adsorbed sample. When an adsorbed sample was exposed to toluene vapor, it became clear that, between the solid adsorption layer (which does not swell) and bulk-like swollen layer, there was a "buffer layer" that could sorb more toluene molecules than the bulk-like layer. This buffer layer was found not only in the adsorbed sample but also in the standard spin-cast PMMA thin films on the substrate. When the polymer chains were firmly adsorbed and immobilized on the Si substrate, the freedom of the possible structure right next to the tightly bound layer was reduced, which restricted the relaxation of the conformation of the polymer chain strongly. The "buffer layer" was manifested by the sorption of toluene with different scattering length density contrasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Shimokita
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan.
| | - Noboru Miyata
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1106, Japan.
| | - Yohei Nakanishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Motoki Shibata
- Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mikihito Takenaka
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1106, Japan
| | - Hideki Seto
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1106, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aoki
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1106, Japan
- Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Miyazaki
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1106, Japan.
- Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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6
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Shiraki Y, Saito M, Yamada NL, Ito K, Yokoyama H. Adhesion to Untreated Polyethylene and Polypropylene by Needle-like Polyolefin Crystals. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Shiraki
- Polyurethane Research Laboratory, Tosoh Corporation, 1-8, Kasumi, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-8540, Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 227-8561, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saito
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 227-8561, Japan
| | - Norifumi L. Yamada
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Kohzo Ito
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 227-8561, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yokoyama
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 227-8561, Japan
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7
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Yoshioka H, Aoki Y, Nonaka K, Yamada NL, Kobayashi M. Effect of molecular weight distribution on the thermal adhesion of polystyrene and PMMA brushes. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shimokita K, Yamamoto K, Miyata N, Arima-Osonoi H, Nakanishi Y, Takenaka M, Shibata M, Yamada NL, Seto H, Aoki H, Miyazaki T. Neutron Reflectivity Study on the Suppression of Interfacial Water Accumulation between a Polypropylene Thin Film and Si Substrate Using a Silane-Coupling Agent. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:12457-12465. [PMID: 36194884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We measured the neutron reflectivity (NR) of isotactic polypropylene (PP) thin films deposited on Si substrates modified by hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) at the saturated vapor pressure of deuterated water at 25 °C and 60 °C/85% RH to investigate the effect of HMDS on the interfacial water accumulation in PP-based polymer/inorganic filler nanocomposites and metal/resin bonding materials. We found that the amount of water accumulated at the PP/Si interface decreased with increasing immersion time of the Si substrate in a solution of HMDS in hexane prior to PP film deposition. During the immersion of the Si substrate, the HMDS molecules were deposited on the Si substrate as a monolayer without aggregation. Furthermore, the coverage of the HMDS monolayer on the Si substrate increased with increasing immersion time. At 60 ° C and 85% RH, only a slight amount of interfacial water was detected after HMDS treatment for 1200 min. As a result, the maximum concentration of interfacial water was reduced to 0.1 from 0.3, where the latter corresponds to the PP film deposited on the untreated substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Shimokita
- Functional Base Products Sector, Nitto Denko Corporation, 18 Hirayama, Nakahara, Toyohashi, Aichi441-3194, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Gradual School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya466-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Gradual School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya466-8555, Japan
| | - Noboru Miyata
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki319-1106, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arima-Osonoi
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki319-1106, Japan
| | - Yohei Nakanishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto611-0011, Japan
| | - Mikihito Takenaka
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto611-0011, Japan
| | - Motoki Shibata
- Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki319-1106, Japan
| | - Hideki Seto
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki319-1106, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aoki
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki319-1106, Japan
- Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki319-1195, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Miyazaki
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki319-1106, Japan
- Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
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9
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Higaki Y, Furusawa R, Otsu T, Yamada NL. Zwitterionic Poly(carboxybetaine) Brush/Albumin Conjugate Films: Structure and Lubricity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:9278-9284. [PMID: 35866870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Artificial cartilages build up a highly lubricious system with the harmony of biomacromolecules and water. Bioconjugate thin films composed of a zwitterionic poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (PCB) brush platform and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were designed. BSA conjugation to the PCB brush chains was achieved by carbodiimide chemistry to give PCB brush/BSA conjugate films. The PCB brush/BSA conjugate films exhibited adaptable interfacial properties due to the amphiphilic nature of BSA. Neutron reflectivity showed that BSAs were localized at the liquid side of the conjugate films in PBS and the BSA conjugation slightly reduced the water content of the top layer, while the swollen state of the carpet PCB brush layer remained unchanged. The PCB brush/BSA conjugate films showed improved lubricity in the boundary lubrication mode but slightly worse fluid lubrication induction properties. This conjugate film could be a model system for the investigation of zwitterion/protein composite interfaces and is worth developing biomaterials that require lubrication in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Higaki
- Department of Integrated Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | - Riku Furusawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | - Takefumi Otsu
- Department of Innovative Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
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10
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Ikemoto Y, Harada Y, Tanaka M, Nishimura SN, Murakami D, Kurahashi N, Moriwaki T, Yamazoe K, Washizu H, Ishii Y, Torii H. Infrared Spectra and Hydrogen-Bond Configurations of Water Molecules at the Interface of Water-Insoluble Polymers under Humidified Conditions. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:4143-4151. [PMID: 35639685 PMCID: PMC9189834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c01702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the state of interfacial water, especially the hydrogen-bond configurations, is considered to be key for a better understanding of the functions of polymers that are exhibited in the presence of water. Here, an analysis in this direction is conducted for two water-insoluble biocompatible polymers, poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) and cyclic(poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate)), and a non-biocompatible polymer, poly(n-butyl acrylate), by measuring their IR spectra under humidified conditions and by carrying out theoretical calculations on model complex systems. It is found that the OH stretching bands of water are decomposed into four components, and while the higher-frequency components (with peaks at ∼3610 and ∼3540 cm-1) behave in parallel with the C═O and C-O-C stretching and CH deformation bands of the polymers, the lower-frequency components (with peaks at ∼3430 and ∼3260 cm-1) become pronounced to a greater extent with increasing humidity. From the theoretical calculations, it is shown that the OH stretching frequency that is distributed from ∼3650 to ∼3200 cm-1 is correlated to the hydrogen-bond configurations and is mainly controlled by the electric field that is sensed by the vibrating H atom. By combining these observed and calculated results, the configurations of water at the interface of the polymers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Ikemoto
- Spectroscopy Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Harada
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan.,Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Institute for Material Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shin-Nosuke Nishimura
- Institute for Material Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Daiki Murakami
- Institute for Material Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Naoya Kurahashi
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan.,Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Taro Moriwaki
- Spectroscopy Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yamazoe
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan.,Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Washizu
- Graduate School of Information Science, University of Hyogo, 7-1-28 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ishii
- Graduate School of Information Science, University of Hyogo, 7-1-28 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hajime Torii
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, and Department of Optoelectronics and Nanostructure Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
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11
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Kawaura H, Harada M, Kondo Y, Mizutani M, Takahashi N, Yamada NL. Effects of Lithium Bis(oxalate)borate Electrolyte Additive on the Formation of a Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Amorphous Carbon Electrodes by Operando Time-Slicing Neutron Reflectometry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24526-24535. [PMID: 35585036 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive analyses were performed using neutron reflectivity and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to understand the structure and composition of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer during charge-discharge processes and because of the addition of lithium bis(oxalate)borate (LiBOB) to improve the battery performance. The chemical composition of the SEI was assessed using these methods, and the amount of Li+ intercalated in the anode during the electrochemical reaction was evaluated. The results demonstrated that Li2C2O4 was produced initially but later decomposed to Li2CO3 on the first charge cycle. Presumably, the SEI layer formed by the decomposition of LiBOB was a single dense layer and chemically stable during the further charge-discharge processes owing to the difference in the reaction process. Therefore, the reduced Li+ transfer resistance and charging capacity accounted for the substantial improvement contributed by adding LiBOB. Moreover, the charges used for the intercalation of Li+ and SEI formation during the two-cycle processes were analyzed. The addition of LiBOB increased the discharge capacity of the anode and provided an additional charge used for SEI formation, presumably for decomposing Li2C2O4, which could reflect the durability of the Li-ion batteries. The electrode, electrolyte, and charge-discharge reactions affect the SEI properties and consequently the electrochemical reactions. Therefore, additional investigations under different charge-discharge conditions would reveal important characteristics such as the charge and discharge efficiency, output performance, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kawaura
- Toyota Central Research & Development Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Masashi Harada
- Toyota Central Research & Development Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Kondo
- Toyota Central Research & Development Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Mamoru Mizutani
- Toyota Central Research & Development Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Naoko Takahashi
- Toyota Central Research & Development Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai-Mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
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12
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Xie Y, Iwata J, Matsumoto T, Yamada NL, Nemoto F, Seto H, Nishino T. Hydrophobicity of the Pentafluorosulfanyl Group in Side Chains of Polymethacrylates by Evaluation with Surface Free Energy and Neutron Reflectivity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:6472-6480. [PMID: 35544954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A hydrophobic surface or coating is required for surface protection, anti-fouling, adhesion, and other applications. For the achievements of hydrophobic properties, fluorine-based coatings, such as the introduction of trifluoromethyl or difluoromethylene groups, are conventionally employed. Recent developments in synthetic chemistry have indicated other organic fluoroalkyl groups that are suitable for achieving a more hydrophobic surface. In this study, we focused on the hydrophobic properties of the pentafluorosulfanyl (-SF5) group. We synthesized polymethacrylates with -SF5 groups or other functional groups (-CF3, -CH3, and -H) in their side chains and evaluated their hydrophobicity based on contact angles of water and ethylene glycol and the affinities of their films to water through neutron reflectivity measurements to demonstrate the superior hydrophobic properties of the -SF5 group. The water contact angle on the polymethacrylate film with -SF5 groups was larger, which suggested that the surface free energy was lower than that of the other polymethacrylate thin films with pendant side chains of -CF3, -CH3, and -H. In addition, the fitting analyses of the neutron reflectivity profiles of the thin polymer films in contact with air and water revealed the lowest affinity between water and the surface of polymethacrylate films with -SF5 groups among the films of the synthesized polymers. Thus, we demonstrated the potential of pentafluorosulfanyl groups as advanced hydrophobic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Xie
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Iwata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai 319-1106, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Fumiya Nemoto
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai 319-1106, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Defense Academy, 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka 239-8686, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Seto
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai 319-1106, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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13
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Ihara D, Higaki Y, Yamada NL, Nemoto F, Matsuda Y, Kojio K, Takahara A. Cononsolvency of Poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine] in Ethanol-Water Mixtures: A Neutron Reflectivity Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:5081-5088. [PMID: 34498869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms underlying the cononsolvency, a re-entrant coil-to-globule-to-coil conformational transition of polymer chains in mixtures of two good solvents, of poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine] (PMPC) in ethanol-water binary mixtures were complementarily investigated. This was accomplished by following a statistical mechanical model for competitive hydrogen bonding combined with the cooperative solvation concept as well as neutron reflectivity (NR) experiments employing contrast variation in the cononsolvents. The experimental re-entrant aggregation of the PMPC chains in ethanol-water mixed solvents, obtained on the basis of turbidity was accurately reproduced by theoretical calculations. The calculation proved the relatively strong cooperativity of ethanol and the preferential interaction of water, while the total coverage of solvents was the lowest at an ethanol volume fraction (fethanol) of 0.90. At this level, the cononsolvency was the most significant, and the collapsed PMPC chains were solvated with more water than the bulk mixed solvent. The ethanol-water cononsolvency for the PMPC brushes on a planar silicon wafer was investigated by NR experiments, and the solvent composition involved in the collapsed PMPC brush was addressed according to the contrast variation study with mixed solvents of water, deuterium oxide, ethanol-d5, and ethanol-d6. The collapsed PMPC brushes at fethanol = 0.90 contained more water than the bulk solvent. The preferential distribution of water in the collapsed PMPC brush was consistent with the simulation results. Therefore, the molecular mechanism for the cononsolvency of PMPC in ethanol-water mixed solvents based on competitive hydrogen bonding coupled with cooperative solvation was experimentally rationalized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuji Higaki
- Department of Integrated Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | | | | | - Yasuhiro Matsuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Ken Kojio
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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14
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Yamaoka K, Yamada NL, Hori K, Fujii Y, Torikai N. Interfacial Selective Study on the Gelation Behavior of Aqueous Methylcellulose Solution via a Quartz Crystal Microbalance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:4494-4502. [PMID: 35377665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is important to understand the interfacial structure and physical properties of a polymer material to improve its function. In this study, we used a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and neutron reflectivity (NR) measurements to evaluate the viscoelasticity and structure of an aqueous methylcellulose solution near the gold interface. The apparent shear modulus, which was calculated from the complex frequency, was used to assess gelation behavior. The apparent shear modulus determined via the QCM suggested high-frequency rheological properties that reflected the relaxation of skeletal stretching and rotational motion of polymer segments, as well as cooperative motion of the various functional groups. The gelation temperature was found to be lowered at the interface in comparison with that of the bulk. It is suggested that the QCM can evaluate the shear modulus accompanying the gelation near the interface. The interfacial segregation on the gold substrate caused by the surface free energy and long-range van der Waals interaction was observed from NR measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yamaoka
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Institute for Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Koichiro Hori
- Neutron Science Laboratory, Institute for Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Fujii
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Naoya Torikai
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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15
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Inutsuka M, Watanabe H, Aoyagi M, Yamada NL, Tanaka C, Ikehara T, Kawaguchi D, Yamamoto S, Tanaka K. Effect of Oligomer Segregation on the Aggregation State and Strength at the Polystyrene/Substrate Interface. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:504-509. [PMID: 35575338 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The interfacial strength of polystyrene (PS) with and without PS oligomers in contact with a glass substrate was examined to determine the relationship between the interfacial aggregation state and adhesion. The shear bond strength and adsorbed layer thickness of neat PS exhibited a similar dependence on the thermal annealing time: they increased to constant values within almost the same time. This implies that the adhesion of the polymer is closely related to the formation of an adsorbed layer at the adhesion interface. Nevertheless, in the case of PS with a small amount of oligomer, the shear bond strength decreased, while the adsorbed layer thickness was almost the same as that of neat PS. Based on the results of interfacial analyses, we propose that the interfacial segregation of the oligomer reduced the entanglement between the interfacial free chains in the adsorbed layer and the bulk chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Inutsuka
- Organic Materials Diagnosis Group, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Hirohmi Watanabe
- Organic Materials Diagnosis Group, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Masaru Aoyagi
- Organic Materials Diagnosis Group, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Norifumi L. Yamada
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Chisa Tanaka
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ikehara
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamamoto
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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16
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Ren W, Wang X, Shi J, Xu J, Taneda H, Yamada NL, Kawaguchi D, Tanaka K, Wang X. The role of the molecular weight of the adsorbed layer on a substrate in the suppressed dynamics of supported thin polystyrene films. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:1997-2005. [PMID: 35195149 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00067a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The adsorbed layer on a solid surface plays a crucial role in the dynamics of nanoconfinement polymer materials. However, the influence of the adsorbed layer is complex, and clarifying this influence on the dynamics of confined polymers remains a major challenge. In this paper, SiO2-Si substrates with various thicknesses and adsorbed layers of PS with various molecular weights were used to reveal the effect of the adsorbed layer on the corresponding segmental dynamics of the supported thin PS films. Strongly suppressed segmental dynamics of thin PS films were observed for the films supported on thicker adsorbed layers or prepared using higher molecular weight. Neutron reflectivity revealed that the overlap region thickness between the adsorbed layer and the top overlayer increased with increasing thickness and molecular weight of the adsorbed layer, both of which correlate well with the distance over which the polystyrene dynamics were depressed by the adsorbed layer. The results show that the influencing distance of the adsorbed layer is related to the overlap zone formed between the adsorption layer and the upper thin film. The effect of the adsorbed layer molecular weight can be ascribed to the fact that large loops and long tails in the adsorbed layer result in stronger interpenetrations and entanglements between polymer chains in the adsorbed layer and in the overlayer, causing a stronger substrate effect and suppression of the segment dynamics of the supported thin PS films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhao Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Jiahui Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Jianquan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Hidenobu Taneda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Neutron Science Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
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New Design of a Sample Cell for Neutron Reflectometry in Liquid–Liquid Systems and Its Application for Studying Structures at Air–Liquid and Liquid–Liquid Interfaces. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of interfacial structures in liquid–liquid systems is imperative, especially for improving two-phase biological and chemical reactions. Therefore, we developed a new sample cell for neutron reflectometry (NR), which enables us to observe the layer structure around the interface, and investigated the adsorption behavior of a typical surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), on the toluene-d8-D2O interface under the new experimental conditions. The new cell was characterized by placing the PTFE frame at the bottom to produce a smooth interface and downsized compared to the conventional cell. The obtained NR profiles were readily analyzable and we determined a slight difference in the SDS adsorption layer structure at the interface between the toluene-d8-D2O and air-D2O systems. This could be owing to the difference in the adsorption behavior of the SDS molecules depending on the interfacial conditions.
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18
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Nemoto F, Yamada NL, Hino M, Aoki H, Seto H. Neutron reflectometry-based in situ structural analysis of an aligning agent additive for the alignment of nematic liquid crystals on solid substrates. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:545-553. [PMID: 34927662 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01355f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface aligning agents, such as amphiphilic surfactants, are widely used to control the initial alignment of nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) in liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Generally, these agents are first coated on a substrate prior to NLC introduction. When mixed with NLCs, long alkyl chain amphiphilic agent additives may control the NLC alignment without requiring pretreatment because they may spontaneously form an adsorbed layer at the solid-NLC interface. These self-assembled layers (SALs) appear promising in the effective control of the initial alignment of LCDs. However, direct observation of the adsorbed layer structure in contact with the NLCs is challenging due to probe limitations. Furthermore, the areal densities and alignments of the amphiphiles adsorbed from NLCs at the solid-NLC interface are not previously reported. Herein, the structure of the surface aligning agent n-hexadecyltrimethylammonium-d42 bromide (d-CTAB) was investigated at the silicon-NLC interface using in situ neutron reflectometry (NR), which indicated that the CTAB self-assembled as a monolayer, with its alignment dependent on the amphiphile concentration. At low amphiphile concentrations, the alignment of the SAL and NLCs was parallel to the substrate. With increasing amphiphile concentration, the number of amphiphiles attached to the substrate increased within the framework of the Gibbs monolayer, with the alignment of the amphiphiles and NLCs becoming perpendicular to the substrate. The experimental setup used here is comparable to those of more natural systems, such as those found in the alignment of NLCs in LCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Nemoto
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan.
- Materials and Life Science Division, Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Defense Academy, 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan.
- Materials and Life Science Division, Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hino
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2-1010 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori, Sennan, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aoki
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan.
- Materials and Life Science Division, Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
- Neutron Science Section, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Hideki Seto
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan.
- Materials and Life Science Division, Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
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19
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Uyama M, Takahara A, Higaki Y, Yamada NL, Iwase H. Neutron Reflectometry & Simultaneous Measurements of Rheology and Small Angle Neutron Scattering Studies for Polyether Modified Silicone Vesicle Systems. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:1625-1637. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Atsushi Takahara
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University,
| | - Yuji Higaki
- Department of Integrated Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Oita University
| | - Norifumi L. Yamada
- Institute of Material Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
| | - Hiroki Iwase
- Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS)
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20
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Taneda H, Yamada NL, Nemoto F, Minagawa Y, Matsuno H, Tanaka K. Modification of a Polymer Surface by Partial Swelling Using Nonsolvents. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:14941-14949. [PMID: 34904431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification without changing the physical properties in the bulk is of pivotal importance for the development of polymers as devices. We recently proposed a simple surface functionalization method for polymer films by partial swelling using a nonsolvent and demonstrated the incorporation of poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) (PMEA), which has an excellent antibiofouling ability, only into the outermost region of a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film. We here extend this technology to another versatile polymer, polystyrene (PS). In this case, PS and PMEA have different solubility parameters making it difficult to select a suitable solvent, which is a nonsolvent for PS and a good solvent for PMEA, unlike the combination of PMMA with PMEA. Thus, such a solvent was first sought by examining the swelling behavior of PS films in contact with various alcohols. Once a mixed solvent of methanol/1-butanol (50/50 (v/v)) was chosen, PMEA chains could be successfully incorporated at the outermost region of the PS film. Atomic force microscopy in conjunction with neutron reflectivity revealed that chains of PMEA incorporated in the PS surface region were well swollen in water. This leads to an excellent ability to suppress the adhesion of platelets on the PS film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenobu Taneda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Neutron Science Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Fumiya Nemoto
- Neutron Science Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Minagawa
- Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd., 2-1-1 Tsutsui-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 651-0071, Japan
| | - Hisao Matsuno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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21
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Hikima K, Shimizu K, Kiuchi H, Hinuma Y, Suzuki K, Hirayama M, Matsubara E, Kanno R. Reaction Mechanism of Li 2MnO 3 Electrodes in an All-Solid-State Thin-Film Battery Analyzed by Operando Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:236-247. [PMID: 34957828 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Li2MnO3 is a promising cathode candidate for Li-ion batteries because of its high discharge capacity; however, its reaction mechanism during cycling has not been sufficiently explicated. Observations of Mn and O binding energy shifts in operando hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements enabled us to determine the charge-compensation mechanism of Li2MnO3. The O 1s peak splits at an early stage during the first charge, and the concentration of lower-valence O changes reversibly with cycling, indicating the formation of a low-valence O species that intrinsically participates in the redox reaction. The O 1s peak-splitting behavior, which indicates the number of valences of O in Li2MnO3, is supported by the computational results for an O3 to O1 structural transition. This is in agreement with the results of our previous study, wherein we confirmed this O3 to O1 transition based on in situ surface X-ray diffraction analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and first-principles formation energy calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Hikima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan.,Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shimizu
- Research Center for All-Solid-State Battery, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hisao Kiuchi
- Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoyo Hinuma
- Research Center for All-Solid-State Battery, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.,Research Institute of Electrochemical Energy, Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Kota Suzuki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan.,Research Center for All-Solid-State Battery, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hirayama
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan.,Research Center for All-Solid-State Battery, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Matsubara
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kanno
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan.,Research Center for All-Solid-State Battery, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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Shimokita K, Yamamoto K, Miyata N, Nakanishi Y, Ogawa H, Takenaka M, Yamada NL, Miyazaki T. Investigation of Interfacial Water Accumulation between Polypropylene Thin Film and Si Substrate by Neutron Reflectivity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:14550-14557. [PMID: 34865493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We performed neutron reflectivity (NR) measurements of isotactic polypropylene (PP) thin films deposited on a Si substrate at the saturated vapor pressure of deuterated water to investigate interfacial water accumulation between the PP and metal surfaces in PP-based polymer/inorganic filler nanocomposites and metal/resin bonding materials. The PP thin films prepared on a Si substrate by a spin-coating technique were adequate as a model system for the PP/metal interface in these materials. A water-rich layer with a maximum water concentration of 0.5, which was considerably higher than those reported in previous studies of organic/inorganic interfaces, was observed within a width of approximately 3 nm at the interface under saturated vapor conditions. This could be attributed to the weak interaction between the PP thin film and the Si substrate. The pathway of moisture transport to the interfacial region was along the interface rather than through the PP film because the hydrophobic PP thin film does not entirely swell with water vapor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Shimokita
- Functional Base Products Sector, Nitto Denko Corporation, 18 Hirayama, Nakahara, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-3194, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Gradual School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Gradual School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Noboru Miyata
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Yohei Nakanishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ogawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Mikihito Takenaka
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Miyazaki
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
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Nishi N, Uchiyashiki J, Oda T, Hino M, Yamada NL. Overscreening Induced by Ionic Adsorption at the Ionic Liquid/Electrode Interface Detected Using Neutron Reflectometry with a Rational Material Design. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Nishi
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510
| | - Junya Uchiyashiki
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510
| | - Tatsuro Oda
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581
| | - Masahiro Hino
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Osaka 590-0494
| | - Norifumi L. Yamada
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Ibaraki 305-0801
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24
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Visualization of judgment regions in convolutional neural networks for X-ray diffraction and scattering images of aliphatic polyesters. Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00531-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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25
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26
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Miyazaki T, Shimokita K, Yamamoto K, Aoki H, Yamada NL, Miyata N. Neutron Reflectivity on the Mobile Surface and Immobile Interfacial Layers in the Poly(vinyl acetate) Adsorption Layer on a Si Substrate with Deuterated Toluene Vapor-Induced Swelling. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:15181-15188. [PMID: 33259712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the polymer chain dynamics in a 2-3 nm thick poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) adsorption layer on a Si substrate with a native oxide layer via neutron reflectometry combined with toluene vapor-induced swelling. We can investigate the polymer chain dynamics difference in the film thickness direction by the difference in the degree of swelling of the polymer layers detected by neutron reflectometry. The mobility of the polymer chains depends on the distance from the substrate. The results elucidated that the interfacial layer with a thickness of approximately 1 nm did not swell at all with toluene vapor, which is a solvent for PVAc. Meanwhile, the surface layer excessively swells with toluene vapor compared to the bulk. This indicates that the polymer chain within the interfacial region is immobilized by the substrate through hydrogen-bonding interaction, but in the surface region, the surface effect overcomes this interfacial interaction. We concluded that the polymer chains in the adsorption layer are either strongly constrained to the substrate, owing to hydrogen bonding, or more mobile than the bulk, owing to the surface effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Miyazaki
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shimokita
- Functional Base Products Sector, Nitto Denko Corporation, 18 Hirayama, Nakahara, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-3194, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Gradual School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Gradual School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aoki
- Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Noboru Miyata
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
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Yamada NL, Hosobata T, Nemoto F, Hori K, Hino M, Izumi J, Suzuki K, Hirayama M, Kanno R, Yamagata Y. Application of precise neutron focusing mirrors for neutron reflectometry: latest results and future prospects. J Appl Crystallogr 2020; 53:1462-1470. [PMID: 33304223 PMCID: PMC7710489 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576720013059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A large-area focusing supermirror manufactured with ultra-precision machining has been employed at the SOFIA reflectometer at the J-PARC Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility, and a gain of approximately 100% in the neutron flux was achieved. For future upgrade, optics using the focusing mirror for multi-incident-angle neutron reflectometry are proposed, in order to reveal evolutions of interfacial structures for operando measurements with a wide reciprocal space. Neutron reflectometry (NR) is a powerful tool for providing insight into the evolution of interfacial structures, for example via operando measurements for electrode–electrolyte interfaces, with a spatial resolution of nanometres. The time resolution of NR, which ranges from seconds to minutes depending on the reflection intensity, unfortunately remains low, particularly for small samples made of state-of-the-art materials even with the latest neutron reflectometers. To overcome this problem, a large-area focusing supermirror manufactured with ultra-precision machining has been employed to enhance the neutron flux at the sample, and a gain of approximately 100% in the neutron flux was achieved. Using this mirror, a reflectivity measurement was performed on a thin cathode film on an SrTiO3 substrate in contact with an electrolyte with a small area of 15 × 15 mm. The reflectivity data obtained with the focusing mirror were consistent with those without the mirror, but the acquisition time was shortened to half that of the original, which is an important milestone for rapid measurements with a limited reciprocal space. Furthermore, a method for further upgrades that will reveal the structural evolution with a wide reciprocal space is proposed, by applying this mirror for multi-incident-angle neutron reflectometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norifumi L Yamada
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan.,Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility, Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Takuya Hosobata
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Fumiya Nemoto
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Defense Academy, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan
| | - Koichiro Hori
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan.,Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd, Kobe, Hyogo 651-0071, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hino
- Kyoto University Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kumatori, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Jun Izumi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
| | - Kota Suzuki
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan.,All-Solid-State Battery Unit, Institute of Innovation Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hirayama
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan.,All-Solid-State Battery Unit, Institute of Innovation Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kanno
- All-Solid-State Battery Unit, Institute of Innovation Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamagata
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Higaki Y, Kobayashi M, Takahara A. Hydration State Variation of Polyzwitterion Brushes through Interplay with Ions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:9015-9024. [PMID: 32677837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polyzwitterions have emerged as a new class of antifouling materials alternating poly(ethylene glycol). The exemplary biopassivation and lubrication behaviors are often attributed to the particular chemical structure of zwitterions, which involve a large dipole moment of the charged groups and a neutral net charge, while the hydration state and dynamics also associate with these characteristics. Polymer brushes composed of surface-tethered polyzwitterion chains produced by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization have been developed as thin films which exhibit excellent antifouling and lubrication properties. In past decades, numerous studies have been devoted to examining the structure and dynamics of polyzwitterion brush chains in aqueous solutions. This feature article provides an overview of recent studies exploring the hydration state of polyzwitterion brushes with specular neutron reflectivity, highlights some newly published work on the nonuniform equilibrium structure, ion concentration dependence, ion specificity, and the effects of charge spacer length in the zwitterions, and discusses future perspective in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Higaki
- Department of Integrated Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Kobayashi
- School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
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29
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Kawaura H, Harada M, Kondo Y, Mizutani M, Takahashi N, Yamada NL. Operando Time-Slicing Neutron Reflectometry Measurements of Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation on Amorphous Carbon Surfaces of a Li-Ion Battery. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kawaura
- Toyota Central Research & Development Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Masashi Harada
- Toyota Central Research & Development Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Kondo
- Toyota Central Research & Development Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Mamoru Mizutani
- Toyota Central Research & Development Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Naoko Takahashi
- Toyota Central Research & Development Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Norifumi L. Yamada
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai-Mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
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Igata K, Sakamaki T, Inutsuka Y, Higaki Y, Okajima MK, Yamada NL, Kaneko T, Takahara A. Cationic Polymer Brush/Giant Polysaccharide Sacran Assembly: Structure and Lubricity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:6494-6501. [PMID: 32393028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A highly effective aqueous lubrication strategy employing electrostatic assembly of a negatively charged ultrahigh molecular weight natural polysaccharide named "sacran" and a positively charged poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyltrimethylammonium chloride] (PMTAC) brush was investigated. The PMTAC brush was compressed through the adsorption of sacran to produce the layered structure of a PMTAC brush/sacran hybrid bottom layer and a poorly hydrated sacran top layer. The dynamic friction coefficients of the PMTAC brush were drastically reduced in salt-free sacran aqueous solutions, and the lubrication mode transition from the brush-lubrication regime to hydrodynamic lubrication was promoted. The electrostatic assembly was inhibited by the addition of NaCl into the lubricant solutions, leading to the loss of the lubrication effect. The hydrodynamic lubrication would be encouraged by the local viscosity enhancement at the friction boundary due to the poorly hydrated and highly viscous PMTAC brush/sacran hybrid film produced by the spontaneous electrostatic assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Igata
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Sakamaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Inutsuka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuji Higaki
- Department of Integrated Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | - Maiko K Okajima
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi-shi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Neutron Science Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kaneko
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi-shi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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31
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Saito M, Yamada NL, Ito K, Yokoyama H. Interfacial Energy Measurement on the Reconstructive Polymer Surface: Dynamic Polymer Brush by Segregation of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:6465-6472. [PMID: 32459495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the interfacial energy of a reconstructive polymer surface formed by segregation is analyzed by measuring the change in the size of elastomer thin films floating on water. When a system in which amphiphilic diblock copolymers are mixed with the hydrophobic elastomer is in contact with water, surface reconstruction is triggered by the segregation of copolymers with a gain in the hydration energy of the hydrophilic blocks. The hydrophilic brush layer spontaneously formed at the elastomer-water interface is named the dynamic polymer brush. Although it is anticipated that the interfacial energy will significantly decrease in the dynamic polymer brush system, a direct measurement of the interfacial energy of the reconstructive interface is a challenge. We propose a novel method to measure the interfacial energy of a reconstructive polymer surface by measuring the deformation of elastomer thin films floating on water and apply it to the dynamic polymer brush system. The interfacial energy of the dynamic polymer brush formed by the segregation of amphiphilic diblock copolymers with longer hydrophilic chains drastically decreased to zero due to the high hydration energy of hydrophilic chains. Based on the neutron reflectometry results, the graft density and thickness of the dynamic polymer brush system floating on water were found to be lower than those of the system fixed onto solid substrates. This indicates that the floating system can respond to an external environment with a high degree of freedom (graft density, brush thickness, and interface area).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Saito
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwano-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Neutron Science Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Kohzo Ito
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwano-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yokoyama
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwano-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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Kimura T, Kawamoto T, Aoki M, Mizusawa T, Yamada NL, Miyatake K, Inukai J. Sublayered Thin Films of Hydrated Anion Exchange Ionomer for Fuel Cells Formed on SiO 2 and Pt Substrates Analyzed by Neutron Reflectometry under Controlled Temperature and Humidity Conditions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:4955-4963. [PMID: 32310665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anion-conductive ionomers are used for electrolyte membranes in membrane-electrode assemblies and for binders in catalyst layers in anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). The conformations of these ionomers as well as their water distribution are important for designing new efficient/durable anion-conductive ionomers for AEMFCs. For a deeper understanding of the distribution of deuterium oxide (D2O) as a function of depth, neutron reflectometry (NR) was carried out on thin films of an anion exchange ionomer, BAF-QAF, with a thickness of approximately 60 nm formed on a thermally formed SiO2 film on Si(100) and on a 20 nm Pt layer deposited on the SiO2 film at a temperature of 60 °C and relative humidities of 0, 50, 70, and 90%. Clear NR modulation was obtained under each condition. The NR data were fit very well with a three-sublayered model parallel to the substrate with different densities of BAF-QAF and D2O. The influence of the SiO2 and Pt substrates was observed not only at the BAF-QAF/substrate interface but also on the entire thin film. The D2O absorption/desorption behavior in each sublayer differed in the BAF-QAF films cast on SiO2 and Pt. The BAF-QAF/SiO2 interface was rather hydrophilic, while the BAF-QAF/Pt interface was very hydrophobic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kimura
- Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 4 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Teppei Kawamoto
- Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of Yamanashi, 6-43 Miyamae-cho, Kofu 400-0021, Japan
| | - Makoto Aoki
- Division of Life, Medical, Natural Sciences and Technology, Organization for Advanced and Integrated Research, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
| | - Takako Mizusawa
- Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society Neutron Science and Technology Center, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Kenji Miyatake
- Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of Yamanashi, 6-43 Miyamae-cho, Kofu 400-0021, Japan
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4 Takeda, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
| | - Junji Inukai
- Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of Yamanashi, 6-43 Miyamae-cho, Kofu 400-0021, Japan
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4 Takeda, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
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Hirata T, Taneda H, Nishio K, Inutsuka M, Yamada NL, Nemoto F, Minagawa Y, Matsuno H, Tanaka K. A Facile Surface Functionalization Method for Polymers Using a Nonsolvent. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:2170-2176. [PMID: 35025268 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Surface treatment of polymeric solids without impairing their bulk properties is a crucial functionalization strategy for the promotion of their wider application. We here propose a facile method using a nonsolvent which can subtly alter or swell the polymer surface to be modified. A thin film of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was immersed in a methanol solution of poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) (PMEA). Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis and neutron reflectometry revealed that a PMEA layer formed on the PMMA film with a diffused interface. The PMEA layer was very swollen in water and exhibited the ability to suppress serum protein adsorption and platelet adhesion on it. The functionalization technique using a nonsolvent was also applicable to the surface of other polymeric solids such as polyurethane.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Neutron Science Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Fumiya Nemoto
- Neutron Science Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
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Oda Y, Inutsuka M, Awane R, Totani M, Yamada NL, Haraguchi M, Ozawa M, Matsuno H, Tanaka K. A Dynamic Interface Based on Segregation of an Amphiphilic Hyperbranched Polymer Containing Fluoroalkyl and Oligo(ethylene oxide) Moieties. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Oda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Manabu Inutsuka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ryo Awane
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masayasu Totani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Norifumi L. Yamada
- Neutron Science Division, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Acceleration Research Organization, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Masayuki Haraguchi
- Materials Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, Chiba 274-0052, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ozawa
- Materials Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, Chiba 274-0052, Japan
| | - Hisao Matsuno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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36
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Ooe M, Miyata K, Yoshioka J, Fukao K, Nemoto F, Yamada NL. Direct observation of mobility of thin polymer layers via asymmetric interdiffusion using neutron reflectivity measurements. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:244905. [PMID: 31893884 DOI: 10.1063/1.5132768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the diffusion dynamics at the interface between deuterated poly(methyl methacrylate) (d-PMMA) and protonated poly(methyl methacrylate) (h-PMMA) in two-layered thin films of d- and h-PMMA layers via neutron reflectivity (NR) measurements during isothermal annealing above the glass transition temperature Tg. When Tg of d-PMMA was higher than that of h-PMMA, the d-PMMA layer thickness increased with increasing annealing time ta and, simultaneously, the h-PMMA layer thickness decreased. However, the opposite ta dependence of the layer thicknesses was observed, if the Tg of d-PMMA was decreased by the increase in the fraction of the low-molecular weight d-PMMA: With increasing ta, the d-PMMA layer thickness decreased and the h-PMMA layer thickness increased when Tg of d-PMMA was lower than that of h-PMMA. This change in the ta dependence of the layer thickness was related to the change in the mobility of the d-PMMA layer accompanied by the change in the Tg value of d-PMMA. With the decrease in the d-PMMA layer thickness from 49 nm to 13 nm, when the h-PMMA layer thickness was maintained, the ta dependence of the layer thickness changed and the mobility of the d-PMMA layer dramatically increased. These results suggest that the mobility of thin polymer films can be determined by the observation of interfacial dynamics via NR measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Ooe
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-Higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu 525-8577 Japan
| | - Kairi Miyata
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-Higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu 525-8577 Japan
| | - Jun Yoshioka
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-Higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu 525-8577 Japan
| | - Koji Fukao
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-Higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu 525-8577 Japan
| | - Fumiya Nemoto
- Neutron Science Division, Institute for Materials Structure Science, High Energy Acceleration Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka 319-1106, Japan
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Neutron Science Division, Institute for Materials Structure Science, High Energy Acceleration Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka 319-1106, Japan
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37
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Itagaki N, Kawaguchi D, Oda Y, Nemoto F, Yamada NL, Yamaguchi T, Tanaka K. Surface Effect on Frictional Properties for Thin Hydrogel Films of Poly(vinyl ether). Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fumiya Nemoto
- Neutron Science Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Norifumi L. Yamada
- Neutron Science Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
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38
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Lee S, Lee W, Yamada NL, Tanaka K, Kim JH, Lee H, Ryu DY. Instability of Polystyrene Film and Thermal Behaviors Mediated by Unfavorable Silicon Oxide Interlayer. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seungjae Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Wooseop Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Norifumi L. Yamada
- Neutron Science Division, Institute for Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Jong Hak Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hoyeon Lee
- Neutron Science Center, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34057, Korea
| | - Du Yeol Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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39
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Hosobata T, Yamada NL, Hino M, Yoshinaga H, Nemoto F, Hori K, Kawai T, Yamagata Y, Takeda M, Takeda S. Elliptic neutron-focusing supermirror for illuminating small samples in neutron reflectometry. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:26807-26820. [PMID: 31674555 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.026807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper details the development of a precise assembly of two supermirrors for neutron-focusing, designed for installation in neutron reflectometer SOFIA at BL16 in J-PARC MLF to intensify the illumination for small samples. The supermirrors are sputtered on two metal substrates, whose surfaces are coated with amorphous Ni-P plating, and are figured by diamond cutting and polished to subnanometer roughness. Special care is taken while polishing the substrates to reduce waviness and surface roughness for achieving a sharp focusing spot and uniform neutron reflectivity. The supermirror could converge the neutrons into a focal spot with a width of 0.13 mm in the full width at half maximum.
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40
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KAWAMOTO T, AOKI M, KIMURA T, CHINAPANG P, MIZUSAWA T, YAMADA NL, NEMOTO F, WATANABE T, TANIDA H, MATSUMOTO M, IMAI H, MIYAKE J, MIYATAKE K, INUKAI J. Sublayered Structures of Hydrated Nafion ® Thin Film Formed by Casting on Pt Substrate Analyzed by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy under Ambient Conditions and Neutron Reflectometry at Temperature of 80°C and Relative Humidity of 30–80%. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.19-00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Makoto AOKI
- Division of Life, Medical, Natural Sciences and Technology, Organization for Advanced and Integrated Research, Kobe University
| | - Taro KIMURA
- Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi
| | | | | | - Norifumi L. YAMADA
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization
| | - Fumiya NEMOTO
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization
| | | | | | | | | | - Junpei MIYAKE
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi
| | - Kenji MIYATAKE
- Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of Yamanashi
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi
| | - Junji INUKAI
- Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of Yamanashi
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi
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41
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Hyde AE, Ohshio M, Nguyen CV, Yusa SI, Yamada NL, Phan CM. Surface properties of the ethanol/water mixture: Thickness and composition. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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42
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Browning KL, Browning JF, Doucet M, Yamada NL, Liu G, Veith GM. Role of conductive binder to direct solid-electrolyte interphase formation over silicon anodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:17356-17365. [PMID: 31355379 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02610j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the use of in situ neutron reflectometry (NR) we show how the addition of an electronically conductive polymeric binder, PEFM, mediates the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation and composition on an amorphous Si (a-Si) electrode as a function of the state-of-charge. Upon initial contact with the electrolyte a Li rich, 41 Å thick, layer forms on the surface of the anode below the polymer layer. At 0.8 V (vs. Li/Li+), a distinct SEI layer forms from the incorporation of electrolyte decomposition products in the reaction layer that is organic in nature. In addition, solvent uptake in the PEFM layer occurs resulting in the layer swelling to ∼200 Å. Upon further polarization to 0.4 and 0.15 V (vs. Li/Li+) a thick layer (800 Å) on the surface of the Si is evident where a diffuse interface between the PEFM and SEI occurs resulting in a matrix between the two layers, as the binder has taken up a large amount of electrolyte. The two layers appear to be interchanging solvent molecules from the PEFM to the SEI to the Si surface preventing the lithiation of the a-Si. By 0.05 V (vs. Li/Li+) a Li rich, 72 Å thick, SEI layer condenses on the surface of the anode, and a 121 Å intermixed layer on top of the SEI with LiF and Li-C-O species is present with the rest blended into the electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Browning
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. and Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
| | - James F Browning
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Mathieu Doucet
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Neutron Science Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Gao Liu
- Electrochemistry Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gabriel M Veith
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
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43
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Delcea M, Helm CA. X-ray and Neutron Reflectometry of Thin Films at Liquid Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:8519-8530. [PMID: 30901219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the 1980s, Helmuth Möhwald studied lipid monolayers at the air/water interface to understand the thermodynamically characterized phases at the molecular level. In collaboration with Jens Als-Nielsen, X-ray reflectometry was used and further developed to determine the electron density profile perpendicular to the water surface. Using a slab model, parameters such as thickness and density of the individual molecular regions, as well as the roughness of the individual interfaces, were determined. Later, X-ray and neutron reflectometry helped to understand the coverage and conformation of anchored and adsorbed polymers. Nowadays, they resolve molecular properties in emerging topics such as liquid metals and ionic liquids. Much is still to be learned about buried interfaces (e.g., liquid/liquid interfaces). In this Article, a historical and theoretical background of X-ray reflectivity is given, recent developments of X-ray and neutron reflectometry for polymers at interfaces and thin layers are highlighted, and emerging research topics involving these techniques are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Delcea
- Institute of Biochemistry , University of Greifswald , Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4 , 17489 Greifswald , Germany
- ZIK HIKE- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz , Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen , Fleischmannstraße 42 , 17489 Greifswald , Germany
| | - Christiane A Helm
- Institute of Physics , University of Greifswald , Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4 , 17489 Greifswald , Germany
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MATSUNO H, TANAKA K. Aggregation State and Thermal Molecular Motion of a Bio-Inert Polymer at the Water Interface. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2019. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.2019-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisao MATSUNO
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Unibersity
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University
| | - Keiji TANAKA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Unibersity
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University
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Sakamaki T, Inutsuka Y, Igata K, Higaki K, Yamada NL, Higaki Y, Takahara A. Ion-Specific Hydration States of Zwitterionic Poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) Brushes in Aqueous Solutions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:1583-1589. [PMID: 30441903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The ion-specific hydration states of zwitterionic poly(3-( N-2-methacryloyloxyethyl- N, N-dimethyl)ammonatopropanesulfonate) (PMAPS) brushes in various aqueous solutions were investigated by neutron reflectivity (NR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The asymmetric hydration state of the PMAPS brushes was verified from the NR scattering-length density profiles, while the variation in their swollen thickness was complementary as determined from AFM topographic images. PMAPS brushes got thicker in any salt solutions, while the extent of swelling and the dimensions of swollen chain structure were dependent on the ion species and salt concentration in the solutions. Anion specificity was clearly observed, whereas cations exhibited weaker modulation in ion-specific hydration states. The anion specificity could be ascribed to ion-specific interactions between the quaternary ammonium cation in sulfobetaine and the anions. The weak cation specificity was attributed to the intrinsically weak cohesive interactions between the weakly hydrated sulfonate anion in sulfobetaine and the strongly hydrated cations. The ion-specific hydration of PMAPS brushes was largely consistent with the ion-specific aggregation state of the PMAPS chains in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Neutron Science Laboratory , High Energy Accelerator Research Organization , Ibaraki 319-1106 , Japan
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46
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Chain dynamics in spin-coated films of poly(methyl methacrylate) in a solvent annealing process. Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-019-0171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Harada M, Kudo K, Yamada NL. Compositional Segregation in a Cross Section of Wet Nafion Thin Film on a Platinum Surface. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Harada
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Kenji Kudo
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Norifumi L. Yamada
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai-Mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
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48
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Ogata Y, Abe T, Yonemori S, Yamada NL, Kawaguchi D, Tanaka K. Impact of the Solid Interface on Proton Conductivity in Nafion Thin Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:15483-15489. [PMID: 30468390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Proton conductivity of polyelectrolytes in the interfacial region with a solid is key to the performance of polyelectrolyte-based fuel cells. The proton conductivity of Nafion thin films was examined as a function of the thickness along both directions, normal and parallel to the interface. Neutron reflectivity measurements revealed that a water-containing multilamellar structure was formed at the substrate interface. The presence of the interfacial layer, or the two-dimensional proton-conductive pathway, suppressed and enhanced the out-of-plane and in-plane proton conductivities, respectively. The method of proton conductivity in the interfacial region differed from that in the bulk, namely, the Grotthuss mechanism. Using laminated films, we conclude by showing that the proton conductivity in the Nafion thin film changes on the basis of the interface-to-volume ratio. This knowledge will be helpful for the design of devices containing polyelectrolytes with solid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Neutron Science Laboratory , High Energy Accelerator Research Organization , Naka , Ibaraki 319-1106 , Japan
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49
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Shiomoto S, Yamaguchi K, Kobayashi M. Time Evolution of Precursor Thin Film of Water on Polyelectrolyte Brush. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:10276-10286. [PMID: 30102545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The microscopic wetting behavior of a water film on the line-patterned surface of a polyelectrolyte brush was directly visualized using an optical microscope by dyeing procedures. Surface line patterns of 5 and 5 μm width or 10 and 5 μm width for the polyelectrolyte brush and hydrophobic monolayer, respectively, were prepared by a photolithography process, chemical vapor adsorption method, and surface-initiated polymerization. A droplet of water containing dye was placed on the line-patterned surface. In front of the contact line, a water film with a nanometer-scale thickness, referred to as a precursor film, elongated along the polymer brush line with time. The elongation velocity at the first stage increased as the brush line width increased. On the other hand, at the second stage after the macroscopic contact line stopped moving, the precursor film continued to elongate in proportion to the 0.6 power of time, independent of the brush thickness, line width, and droplet volume.
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Tanoue H, Inoue K, Yamada NL, Ito K, Miyao S, Ishizone T, Yokoyama H. A thermoresponsive dynamic polymer brush fabricated by the segregation of amphiphilic diblock copolymers. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:5930-5935. [PMID: 29966025 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00891d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A highly dense polymer brush was previously fabricated by the spontaneous segregation of amphiphilic diblock copolymers in an elastomer matrix into water and a hydrophobic polymer interface and named a 'dynamic polymer brush'. We fabricated a lower critical solution temperature (LCST)-type thermoresponsive dynamic polymer brush by mixing polyisoprene-b-poly[tri(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate] (PI-b-PME3MA) into a polystyrene-b-polyisoprene-b-polystyrene (SIS) elastomer. The LCST of PME3MA in water is 52 °C. The structure of the polymer brush was determined at several different temperatures using neutron reflectivity. With increasing temperature, the brush thickness of the LCST-type thermoresponsive dynamic polymer brush decreases, similar to the conventional fixed brush with the LCST-type thermoresponse. However, the graft density of the dynamic polymer brush surprisingly increases with increasing temperature. The change of the brush density of the conventional fixed polymer brush is not allowed. However, we observed for the first time that dynamic polymer brushes uniquely respond to increasing temperature with increasing brush densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Tanoue
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan.
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