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Zhang J, Qiu P, He R, Song X, Dai Z, Liu Y, Pan D, Yang J, Guo K. Compact mode converters in thin-film lithium niobate integrated platforms. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:2958-2961. [PMID: 38824302 DOI: 10.1364/ol.524739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Mode converters, crucial elements within photonic integrated circuits (PICs) designed for multimode optical transmission and switching systems, present a challenge due to their bulky structures in thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) integrated platforms, which are incompatible with the compact and efficient nature desired for dense PICs. In this work, we propose TE1-TE0, TE2-TE0, and TE3-TE0 mode converters in shallowly etched TFLN, within small footprints. The experimental results show that the insertion loss is 0.4 dB, 0.6 dB, and 0.5 dB for the compact TE1-TE0, TE2-TE0, and TE3-TE0 mode converters, respectively, and these devices can be operated within a wide 1 dB bandwidth (BW) over 100 nm. This work facilitates the development of low-loss, broadband, and compact monolithically integrated photonic devices for future multimode communication networks in TFLN integrated platforms.
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Wang PY, Wan S, Ma R, Li W, Bo F, Guo GC, Dong CH. Octave soliton microcombs in lithium niobate microresonators. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:1729-1732. [PMID: 38560848 DOI: 10.1364/ol.514893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Soliton microcombs are regarded as an ideal platform for applications such as optical communications, optical sensing, low-noise microwave sources, optical atomic clocks, and frequency synthesizers. Many of these applications require a broad comb spectrum that covers an octave, essential for implementing the f - 2f self-referencing techniques. In this work, we have successfully generated an octave-spanning soliton microcomb based on a z-cut thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) microresonator. This achievement is realized under on-chip optical pumping at 340 mW and through extensive research into the broadening of dual dispersive waves (DWs). Furthermore, the repetition rate of the octave soliton microcomb is accurately measured using an electro-optic comb generated by an x-cut TFLN racetrack microresonator. Our results represent a crucial step toward the realization of practical, integrated, and fully stabilized soliton microcomb systems based on TFLN.
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Xu GT, Zhang M, Wang Y, Shen Z, Guo GC, Dong CH. Magnonic Frequency Comb in the Magnomechanical Resonator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:243601. [PMID: 38181134 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.243601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
An optical frequency comb is a spectrum of optical radiation which consists of evenly spaced and phase-coherent narrow spectral lines and is initially invented in a laser for frequency metrology purposes. A direct analog of frequency combs in the magnonic systems has not been demonstrated to date. In our experiment, we generate a new magnonic frequency comb in the resonator with giant mechanical oscillations through the magnomechanical interaction. We observe the magnonic frequency comb contains up to 20 comb lines, which are separated by the mechanical frequency of 10.08 MHz. The thermal effect based on the strong pump power induces the cyclic oscillation of the magnon frequency shift, which leads to a periodic oscillation of the magnonic frequency comb. Moreover, we demonstrate the stabilization and control of the frequency spacing of the magnonic frequency comb via injection locking. Our Letter lays the groundwork for magnonic frequency combs in the fields of sensing and metrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Ting Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Mai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hua Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, People's Republic of China
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Du H, Zhang X, Wang L, Jia Y, Chen F. Tunable sum-frequency generation in modal phase-matched thin film lithium niobate rib waveguides. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:3159-3162. [PMID: 37319051 DOI: 10.1364/ol.491609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a highly efficient and tunable on-chip sum-frequency generation (SFG) on a thin-film lithium niobate platform via modal phase matching (e + e→e). It provides on-chip SFG a solution with both high efficiency and poling-free by using the highest nonlinear coefficient d33 instead of d31. The on-chip conversion efficiency of SFG is approximately 2143%W-1 with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 4.4 nm in a 3-mm-long waveguide. It can find applications in chip-scale quantum optical information processing and thin-film lithium niobate based optical nonreciprocity devices.
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Renaud D, Assumpcao DR, Joe G, Shams-Ansari A, Zhu D, Hu Y, Sinclair N, Loncar M. Sub-1 Volt and high-bandwidth visible to near-infrared electro-optic modulators. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1496. [PMID: 36973272 PMCID: PMC10042872 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36870-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrated electro-optic (EO) modulators are fundamental photonics components with utility in domains ranging from digital communications to quantum information processing. At telecommunication wavelengths, thin-film lithium niobate modulators exhibit state-of-the-art performance in voltage-length product (VπL), optical loss, and EO bandwidth. However, applications in optical imaging, optogenetics, and quantum science generally require devices operating in the visible-to-near-infrared (VNIR) wavelength range. Here, we realize VNIR amplitude and phase modulators featuring VπL's of sub-1 V ⋅ cm, low optical loss, and high bandwidth EO response. Our Mach-Zehnder modulators exhibit a VπL as low as 0.55 V ⋅ cm at 738 nm, on-chip optical loss of ~0.7 dB/cm, and EO bandwidths in excess of 35 GHz. Furthermore, we highlight the opportunities these high-performance modulators offer by demonstrating integrated EO frequency combs operating at VNIR wavelengths, with over 50 lines and tunable spacing, and frequency shifting of pulsed light beyond its intrinsic bandwidth (up to 7x Fourier limit) by an EO shearing method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Renaud
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA.
| | - Daniel Rimoli Assumpcao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA
| | - Graham Joe
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA
| | - Amirhassan Shams-Ansari
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA
| | - Di Zhu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Yaowen Hu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA
| | - Neil Sinclair
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, and Alliance for Quantum Technologies (AQT), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91125, MA, USA
| | - Marko Loncar
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA.
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Simone G. Trends of Biosensing: Plasmonics through Miniaturization and Quantum Sensing. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-26. [PMID: 36601882 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2161813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite being extremely old concepts, plasmonics and surface plasmon resonance-based biosensors have been increasingly popular in the recent two decades due to the growing interest in nanooptics and are now of relevant significance in regards to applications associated with human health. Plasmonics integration into point-of-care devices for health surveillance has enabled significant levels of sensitivity and limit of detection to be achieved and has encouraged the expansion of the fields of study and market niches devoted to the creation of quick and incredibly sensitive label-free detection. The trend reflects in wearable plasmonic sensor development as well as point-of-care applications for widespread applications, demonstrating the potential impact of the new generation of plasmonic biosensors on human well-being through the concepts of personalized medicine and global health. In this context, the aim here is to discuss the potential, limitations, and opportunities for improvement that have arisen as a result of the integration of plasmonics into microsystems and lab-on-chip over the past five years. Recent applications of plasmonic biosensors in microsystems and sensor performance are analyzed. The final analysis focuses on the integration of microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip with quantum plasmonics technology prospecting it as a promising solution for chemical and biological sensing. Here it is underlined how the research in the field of quantum plasmonic sensing for biological applications has flourished over the past decade with the aim to overcome the limits given by quantum fluctuations and noise. The significant advances in nanophotonics, plasmonics and microsystems used to create increasingly effective biosensors would continue to benefit this field if harnessed properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Simone
- Chemical Engineering, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
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