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Chen X, Shen M, Liu S, Wu C, Sun L, Song Z, Shi J, Yuan Y, Zhao Y. Microfluidic impedance cytometry with flat-end cylindrical electrodes for accurate and fast analysis of marine microalgae. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2058-2068. [PMID: 38436397 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00942d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Marine microalgae play an increasingly significant role in addressing the issues of environmental monitoring and disease treatment, making the analysis of marine microalgae at the single-cell level an essential technique. For this, we put forward accurate and fast microfluidic impedance cytometry to analyze microalgal cells by assembling two cylindrical electrodes and microchannels to form a three-dimensional detection zone. Firstly, we established a mathematical model of microalgal cell detection based on Maxwell's mixture theory and numerically investigated the effects of the electrode gap, microalgal positions, and ion concentrations of the solution on detection to optimize detection conditions. Secondly, 80 μm stainless steel wires were used to construct flat-ended cylindrical electrodes and were then inserted into two collinear channels fabricated using standard photolithography techniques to form a spatially uniform electric field to promote the detection throughput and sensitivity. Thirdly, based on the validation of this method, we measured the impedance of living Euglena and Haematococcus pluvialis to study parametric influences, including ion concentration, cell density and electrode gap. The throughput of this method was also investigated, which reached 1800 cells per s in the detection of Haematococcus pluvialis. Fourthly, we analyzed live and dead Euglena to prove the ability of this method to detect the physiological status of cells and obtained impedances of 124.3 Ω and 31.0 Ω with proportions of 15.9% and 84.1%, respectively. Finally, this method was engineered for the analysis of marine microalgae, measuring living Euglena with an impedance of 159.61 Ω accounting for 3.9%, dead Euglena with an impedance of 36.43 Ω accounting for 10.1% and Oocystis sp. with an impedance of 55.00 Ω accounting for about 81.0%. This method could provide a reliable tool to analyze marine microalgae for monitoring the marine environment and treatment of diseases owing to its outstanding advantages of low cost, high throughput and high corrosion resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Chen
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Mo Shen
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Shun Liu
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Chungang Wu
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Liangliang Sun
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Zhipeng Song
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Jishun Shi
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Yulong Yuan
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
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Julian T, Tang T, Hosokawa Y, Yalikun Y. Machine learning implementation strategy in imaging and impedance flow cytometry. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:051506. [PMID: 37900052 PMCID: PMC10613093 DOI: 10.1063/5.0166595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Imaging and impedance flow cytometry is a label-free technique that has shown promise as a potential replacement for standard flow cytometry. This is due to its ability to provide rich information and archive high-throughput analysis. Recently, significant efforts have been made to leverage machine learning for processing the abundant data generated by those techniques, enabling rapid and accurate analysis. Harnessing the power of machine learning, imaging and impedance flow cytometry has demonstrated its capability to address various complex phenotyping scenarios. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of the detailed strategies for implementing machine learning in imaging and impedance flow cytometry. We initiate the discussion by outlining the commonly employed setup to acquire the data (i.e., image or signal) from the cell. Subsequently, we delve into the necessary processes for extracting features from the acquired image or signal data. Finally, we discuss how these features can be utilized for cell phenotyping through the application of machine learning algorithms. Furthermore, we discuss the existing challenges and provide insights for future perspectives of intelligent imaging and impedance flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisna Julian
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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Tang T, Julian T, Ma D, Yang Y, Li M, Hosokawa Y, Yalikun Y. A review on intelligent impedance cytometry systems: Development, applications and advances. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1269:341424. [PMID: 37290859 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Impedance cytometry is a well-established technique for counting and analyzing single cells, with several advantages, such as convenience, high throughput, and no labeling required. A typical experiment consists of the following steps: single-cell measurement, signal processing, data calibration, and particle subtype identification. At the beginning of this article, we compared commercial and self-developed options extensively and provided references for developing reliable detection systems, which are necessary for cell measurement. Then, a number of typical impedance metrics and their relationships to biophysical properties of cells were analyzed with respect to the impedance signal analysis. Given the rapid advances of intelligent impedance cytometry in the past decade, this article also discussed the development of representative machine learning-based approaches and systems, and their applications in data calibration and particle identification. Finally, the remaining challenges facing the field were summarized, and potential future directions for each step of impedance detection were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tang
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Trisna Julian
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Doudou Ma
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, 572000, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan; Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Liu X, Zhou J, Yan R, Tang T, Wei S, Li R, Hou D, Weng Y, Wang D, Shen H, Zhou F, Tanaka Y, Li M, Hosokawa Y, Yalikun Y, Lei C. An optimized PDMS microfluidic device for ultra-fast and high-throughput imaging flow cytometry. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:3571-3580. [PMID: 37401791 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00237c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Imaging flow cytometry (IFC) is a powerful tool for cell detection and analysis due to its high throughput and compatibility in image acquisition. Optical time-stretch (OTS) imaging is considered as one of the most promising imaging techniques for IFC because it can realize cell imaging at a flow speed of around 60 m s-1. However, existing PDMS-based microchannels cannot function at flow velocities higher than 10 m s-1; thus the capability of OTS-based IFC is significantly limited. To overcome the velocity barrier for PDMS-based microchannels, we proposed an optimized design of PDMS-based microchannels with reduced hydraulic resistance and 3D hydrodynamic focusing capability, which can drive fluids at an ultra-high flow velocity (of up to 40 m s-1) by using common syringe pumps. To verify the feasibility of our design, we fabricated and installed the microchannel in an OTS IFC system. The experimental results first proved that the proposed microchannel can support a stable flow velocity of up to 40 m s-1 without any leakage or damage. Then, we demonstrated that the OTS IFC is capable of imaging cells at a velocity of up to 40 m s-1 with good quality. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that IFC has achieved such a high flow velocity just by using a PDMS-glass chip. Moreover, high velocity can enhance the focusing of cells on the optical focal plane, increasing the number of detected cells and the throughput. This work provides a promising solution for IFC to fully release its capability of advanced imaging techniques by operating at an extremely high screening throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Liu
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Jiehua Zhou
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Ruopeng Yan
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Tao Tang
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Shubin Wei
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Rubing Li
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Dan Hou
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Yueyun Weng
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Du Wang
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Hematology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yo Tanaka
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Cheng Lei
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Urbanowicz T, Michalak M, Marzec E, Komosa A, Filipiak KJ, Olasińska-Wiśniewska A, Witkowska A, Rodzki M, Tykarski A, Jemielity M. Coronary Artery Disease and Inflammatory Activation Interfere with Peripheral Tissue Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy Characteristics-Initial Report. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20032745. [PMID: 36768108 PMCID: PMC9915397 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The electrical properties of cells and tissues in relation to energy exposure have been investigated, presenting their resistance and capacitance characteristics. The dielectric response to radiofrequency fields exhibits polarization heterogeneity under pathological conditions. The aim of the study was to analyze the differences in changes in resistance and capacitance measurements in the range from 1 kHz to 1 MHz, combined with an assessment of the correlation between the results of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and inflammatory activation. METHODS In the prospective study, EIS was performed on the non-dominant arm in 29 male patients (median (Q1-Q3) age of 69 (65-72)) with complex coronary artery disease and 10 male patients (median (Q1-Q3) age of 66 (62-69)) of the control group. Blood samples were collected for inflammatory index analysis. RESULTS The logistic regression analysis revealed a negative correlation with inflammatory indexes, including neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the CAD group in the frequency of 30 kHz (p = 0.038, r = -0.317) regarding EIS resistance measurements and a positive correlation in CAD group in the frequency of 10 kHz (p = 0.029, r = -0.354) regarding EIS capacitance. CONCLUSIONS The bioelectric characteristics of peripheral tissues measured by resistance and capacitance in EIS differ in patients with coronary artery disease and in the control group. Electrical impedance spectroscopy reveals a statistically significant correlation with inflammatory markers in patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Urbanowicz
- Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Michalak
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Marzec
- Department of Bionics and Experimental Medical Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-775 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Komosa
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof J. Filipiak
- Institute of Clinical Science, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy, 00-136 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Olasińska-Wiśniewska
- Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Witkowska
- Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Rodzki
- Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tykarski
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Jemielity
- Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
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Tang T, Liu X, Yuan Y, Zhang T, Kiya R, Yang Y, Yamazaki Y, Kamikubo H, Tanaka Y, Li M, Hosokawa Y, Yalikun Y. Parallel Impedance Cytometry for Real-Time Screening of Bacterial Single Cells from Nano- to Microscale. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3700-3709. [PMID: 36203240 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The benefits of impedance cytometry include high-throughput and label-free detection, while long-term calibration is required to remove the effects of the detection circuits. This study presents a novel impedance cytometry system, called parallel impedance cytometry, to simplify the calibration and analysis of the impedance signals. Furthermore, target objects can be detected even when benchmarked against similar objects. Parallel dual microchannels allow the simultaneous detection of reference and target particles in two separate microchannels, without the premixing of reference and target suspensions. The impedance pulses of both can appear separately on the opposite sides of the same time series, which have been verified via simulation and experimental results. Raw impedance signals can easily distinguish target particles from reference ones. Polystyrene beads with different sizes ranging from nano- to microscale (e.g., 500, 750 nm, 1, 2, 3, and 4.5 μm) confirm the nanosensitivity of the system. In addition, the detection of antibiotic-treated Escherichia coli cells demonstrates that our system can be used for the quantitative assessment of the dielectric properties of individual cells, as well as for the proportion of susceptible cells. Through benchmarking against untreated E. coli cells in the other channel, our method enables the discrimination of susceptible cells from others and the comparison of susceptible and insusceptible cells in the target suspension. Those findings indicate that the parallel impedance cytometry can greatly facilitate the measurement and calibration of the impedances of various particles or cells and provide a means to compare their dielectric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tang
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Xun Liu
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yapeng Yuan
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tianlong Zhang
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.,School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Ryota Kiya
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000, P. R. China
| | - Yoichi Yamazaki
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hironari Kamikubo
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yo Tanaka
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.,Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Liu X, Tang T, Yi PW, Yuan Y, Lei C, Li M, Tanaka Y, Hosokawa Y, Yalikun Y. Identification of Single Yeast Budding Using Impedance Cytometry with a Narrow Electrode Span. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22207743. [PMID: 36298094 PMCID: PMC9609181 DOI: 10.3390/s22207743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Impedance cytometry is wildly used in single-cell detection, and its sensitivity is essential for determining the status of single cells. In this work, we focus on the effect of electrode gap on detection sensitivity. Through comparing the electrode span of 1 µm and 5 µm, our work shows that narrowing the electrode span could greatly improve detection sensitivity. The mechanism underlying the sensitivity improvement was analyzed via numerical simulation. The small electrode gap (1 µm) allows the electric field to concentrate near the detection area, resulting in a high sensitivity for tiny particles. This finding is also verified with the mixture suspension of 1 µm and 3 µm polystyrene beads. As a result, the electrodes with 1 µm gap can detect more 1 µm beads in the suspension than electrodes with 5 µm gap. Additionally, for single yeast cells analysis, it is found that impedance cytometry with 1 µm electrodes gap can easily distinguish budding yeast cells, which cannot be realized by the impedance cytometry with 5 µm electrodes gap. All experimental results support that narrowing the electrode gap is necessary for tiny particle detection, which is an important step in the development of submicron and nanoscale impedance cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Liu
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Nara, Japan
| | - Tao Tang
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Nara, Japan
| | - Po-Wei Yi
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Nara, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yapeng Yuan
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Cheng Lei
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Yo Tanaka
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Nara, Japan
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Nara, Japan
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