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Chen Z, Xu T, Liu X, Becker B, Li W, Xia L, Zhao W, Zhang R, Huo Z, Hu B, Tang Y, Xiao Z, Feng Z, Chen J, Feng T. Cortical gradient perturbation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder correlates with neurotransmitter-, cell type-specific and chromosome- transcriptomic signatures. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 78:309-321. [PMID: 38334172 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to illuminate the neuropathological landscape of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by a multiscale macro-micro-molecular perspective from in vivo neuroimaging data. METHODS The "ADHD-200 initiative" repository provided multi-site high-quality resting-state functional connectivity (rsfc-) neuroimaging for ADHD children and matched typically developing (TD) cohort. Diffusion mapping embedding model to derive the functional connectome gradient detecting biologically plausible neural pattern was built, and the multivariate partial least square method to uncover the enrichment of neurotransmitomic, cellular and chromosomal gradient-transcriptional signatures of AHBA enrichment and meta-analytic decoding. RESULTS Compared to TD, ADHD children presented connectopic cortical gradient perturbations in almost all the cognition-involved brain macroscale networks (all pBH <0.001), but not in the brain global topology. As an intermediate phenotypic variant, such gradient perturbation was spatially enriched into distributions of GABAA/BZ and 5-HT2A receptors (all pBH <0.01) and co-varied with genetic transcriptional expressions (e.g. DYDC2, ATOH7, all pBH <0.01), associated with phenotypic variants in episodic memory and emotional regulations. Enrichment models demonstrated such gradient-transcriptional variants indicated the risk of both cell-specific and chromosome- dysfunctions, especially in enriched expression of oligodendrocyte precursors and endothelial cells (all pperm <0.05) as well enrichment into chromosome 18, 19 and X (pperm <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings bridged brain macroscale neuropathological patterns to microscale/cellular biological architectures for ADHD children, demonstrating the neurobiologically pathological mechanism of ADHD into the genetic and molecular variants in GABA and 5-HT systems as well brain-derived enrichment of specific cellular/chromosomal expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Chen
- Experimental Research Center of Medical and Psychological Science, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuerong Liu
- Experimental Research Center of Medical and Psychological Science, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Benjamin Becker
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Li
- Experimental Research Center of Medical and Psychological Science, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Experimental Research Center of Medical and Psychological Science, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenqi Zhao
- Experimental Research Center of Medical and Psychological Science, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Huo
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bowen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yancheng Tang
- School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhibing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengzhi Feng
- Experimental Research Center of Medical and Psychological Science, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingyong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Saxena A, Hartman CA, Blatt SD, Fremont WP, Glatt SJ, Faraone SV, Zhang-James Y. Reward Functioning in General and Specific Psychopathology in Children and Adults. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:77-88. [PMID: 37864336 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231201867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Problems with reward processing have been implicated in multiple psychiatric disorders, but psychiatric comorbidities are common and their specificity to individual psychopathologies is unknown. Here, we evaluate the association between reward functioning and general or specific psychopathologies. METHOD 1,213 adults and their1,531 children (ages 6-12) completed various measures of the Positive Valence System domain from the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). Psychopathology was assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist for children and the Adult Self Report for parents. RESULTS One general factor identified via principal factors factor analysis explained most variance in psychopathology in both groups. Measures of reward were associated with the general factor and most specific psychopathologies. Certain reward constructs were associated solely with specific psychopathologies but not general psychopathology. However, some prior associations between reward and psychopathology did not hold following removal of comorbidity. CONCLUSION Reward dysfunction is significantly associated with both general and specific psychopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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Fang Z, Shen G, Amin N, Lou C, Wang C, Fang M. Effects of Neuroinflammation and Autophagy on the Structure of the Blood-Brain Barrier in ADHD Model. Neuroscience 2023; 530:17-25. [PMID: 37625689 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) are the most common animal model used to study attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The purpose of this study was to look at the impact of neuroinflammation and autophagy on blood-brain barrier function in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of ADHD rats. The rats were separated into three groups: juvenile SHR (6 weeks), mature SHR (12 weeks), and comparable age WKY groups. An open-field test was used to assess rats' ability to move on their own. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the Iba1-immunopositive microglia, ZO-1 and TNF-α. Meanwhile, the expression of p62, Beclin-1, LC3B, and MMP9, MMP2, TNF-α, ZO-1, and occludin were detected by Western blot. The results have shown that Iba1-immunopositive microglia and TNF-α protein in the brain of SHR rats were significantly increased. Moreover, autophagy of cells and the level of MMP2 and MPP9 in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus increased in SHR rats. In addition, the expression of ZO-1 and occludin was decreased in SHR rats. To sum up, the increase of neuroinflammation and excessive autophagy were essential factors for the damage of blood-brain barrier structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanglu Fang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guanghong Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nashwa Amin
- Institute of System Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Egypt
| | - Chengjian Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322022, China
| | - Changxing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Marong Fang
- Institute of System Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
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Lin Y, Li H, Zhang J, Yang Z, Zhou Y, Liu L, Qian Q. Polymorphism of Estrogen Receptor Genes and Its Interactions With Neurodevelopmental Genes in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Chinese Han Descent. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:775-785. [PMID: 37614014 PMCID: PMC10460975 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a polygenic neurodevelopmental disorder with significant gender differences. The sexual dimorphism of ADHD may be associated with estrogen acting through estrogen receptors (ESR). This study investigates the impact of ESR gene polymorphism and its interactions with neurodevelopmental genes on ADHD susceptibility. METHODS The study compared genotyping data of single nucleotide polymorphisms in ESR1 and ESR2 in 1,035 ADHD cases and 962 controls. The gene-gene interactions between ESR genes and three neurodevelopmental genes (brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa gene [SNAP25], and cadherin-13 [CDH13]) in ADHD were investigated using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction and verified by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The G allele of rs960070/ESR2 (empirical p=0.0076) and the A allele of rs8017441/ESR2 (empirical p=0.0426) were found significantly higher in ADHD cases than in the controls but not in male or female subgroups. Though no difference was found in all subjects or females, the A allele of rs9340817/ESR1 (empirical p=0.0344) was found significantly higher in ADHD cases than controls in males. We also found genetic interaction models between ESR2 gene, neurodevelopmental genes and ADHD susceptibility in males (ESR2 rs960070/BDNF rs6265/BDNF rs2049046/SNAP25 rs362987/CDH13 rs6565113) and females (ESR2 rs960070/BDNF rs6265/BDNF rs2049046) separately, though it was negative in overall subjects. CONCLUSION The ESR gene polymorphism associates with ADHD among Chinese Han children, with interactions between ESR genes and neurodevelopmental genes potentially influencing the susceptibility of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Lin
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & The Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Haimei Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & The Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & The Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Yang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & The Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & The Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & The Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Qiujin Qian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & The Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
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Ma ZL, Wang RL, Meng L. Construction of a Diagnostic Model and a lncRNA-Associated ceRNA Network Based on Apoptosis-Related Genes for Schizophrenia. Behav Neurol 2023; 2023:7017106. [PMID: 37383091 PMCID: PMC10299887 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7017106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Methods Gene expression profiles and apoptosis-related data were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus and Molecular Signature databases, respectively. Apoptosis-related differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEMs) from blood samples between the schizophrenia and healthy control individuals were screened. A diagnostic model was developed using the data from univariate and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses, followed by validation using the GSE38485 dataset. Cases were divided into low-risk (LR) and high-risk (HR) groups based on the risk score of the model, and differences in immune gene sets and pathways between these two groups were compared. Finally, a ceRNA network was constructed by integrating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), DEMs, and DEGs. Results A diagnostic model containing 15 apoptosis-related genes was developed and its diagnostic efficiency was found to be robust. The HR group was correlated with higher immune scores of chemokines, cytokines, and interleukins; it was also significantly involved in pathways such as pancreatic beta cells and early estrogen response. A ceRNA network composed of 2 lncRNAs, 14 miRNAs, and 5 mRNAs was established. Conclusions The established model is a potential tool to improve the diagnostic efficiency of patients with schizophrenia, and the nodes included in the ceRNA network might serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-long Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430012, China
| | - Run-lan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430012, China
| | - Lili Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430012, China
- Department of Sleep, Wuhan Hospital of Psychotherapy, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Zhang D, Eguchi N, Okazaki S, Sora I, Hishimoto A. Telencephalon Organoids Derived from an Individual with ADHD Show Altered Neurodevelopment of Early Cortical Layer Structure. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023:10.1007/s12015-023-10519-z. [PMID: 36872412 PMCID: PMC10366301 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs in early childhood and can persist to adulthood. It can affect many aspects of a patient's daily life, so it is necessary to explore the mechanism and pathological alterations. For this purpose, we applied induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived telencephalon organoids to recapitulate the alterations occurring in the early cerebral cortex of ADHD patients. We found that telencephalon organoids of ADHD showed less growth of layer structures than control-derived organoids. On day 35 of differentiation, the thinner cortex layer structures of ADHD-derived organoids contained more neurons than those of control-derived organoids. Furthermore, ADHD-derived organoids showed a decrease in cell proliferation during development from day 35 to 56. On day 56 of differentiation, there was a significant difference in the proportion of symmetric and asymmetric cell division between the ADHD and control groups. In addition, we observed increased cell apoptosis in ADHD during early development. These results show alterations in the characteristics of neural stem cells and the formation of layer structures, which might indicate key roles in the pathogenesis of ADHD. Our organoids exhibit the cortical developmental alterations observed in neuroimaging studies, providing an experimental foundation for understanding the pathological mechanisms of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danmeng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Noriomi Eguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okazaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sora
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Akitoyo Hishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Abdulghani A, Poghosyan M, Mehren A, Philipsen A, Anderzhanova E. Neuroplasticity to autophagy cross-talk in a therapeutic effect of physical exercises and irisin in ADHD. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:997054. [PMID: 36776770 PMCID: PMC9909442 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.997054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive neuroplasticity is a pivotal mechanism for healthy brain development and maintenance, as well as its restoration in disease- and age-associated decline. Management of mental disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) needs interventions stimulating adaptive neuroplasticity, beyond conventional psychopharmacological treatments. Physical exercises are proposed for the management of ADHD, and also depression and aging because of evoked brain neuroplasticity. Recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of muscle-brain cross-talk pinpoints the role of the myokine irisin in the mediation of pro-cognitive and antidepressant activity of physical exercises. In this review, we discuss how irisin, which is released in the periphery as well as derived from brain cells, may interact with the mechanisms of cellular autophagy to provide protein recycling and regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling via glia-mediated control of BDNF maturation, and, therefore, support neuroplasticity. We propose that the neuroplasticity associated with physical exercises is mediated in part by irisin-triggered autophagy. Since the recent findings give objectives to consider autophagy-stimulating intervention as a prerequisite for successful therapy of psychiatric disorders, irisin appears as a prototypic molecule that can activate autophagy with therapeutic goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhasan Abdulghani
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Henrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,*Correspondence: Alhasan Abdulghani,
| | - Mikayel Poghosyan
- Institute for Biology-Neurobiology, Freie University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aylin Mehren
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elmira Anderzhanova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Zhu F, Xiao Y, Tao B, Gao Z, Gao X, Zhao Q, Zhang Q, Tang B, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Bishop JR, Sweeney JA, Lui S. Radiomic features of gray matter in never-treated first-episode schizophrenia. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:5957-5967. [PMID: 36513368 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of radiomic features (RFs) in gray matter are observed in schizophrenia, of which the results may be limited by small study samples and confounding effects of drug therapies. We tested for RFs alterations of gray matter in never-treated first-episode schizophrenia (NT-FES) patients and examined their associations with known gene expression profiles. RFs were examined in the first sample with 197 NT-FES and 178 healthy controls (HCs) and validated in the second independent sample (90 NT-FES and 74 HCs). One-year follow-up data were available from 87 patients to determine whether RFs were associated with treatment outcomes. Associations between identified RFs in NT-FES and gene expression profiles were evaluated. NT-FES exhibited alterations of 30 RFs, with the greatest involvement of microstructural heterogeneity followed by measures of brain region shape. The identified RFs were mainly located in the central executive network, frontal-temporal network, and limbic system. Two baseline RFs with the involvement of microstructural heterogeneity predicted treatment response with moderate accuracy (78% for the first sample, 70% for the second sample). Exploratory analyses indicated that RF alterations were spatially related to the expression of schizophrenia risk genes. In summary, the present findings link brain abnormalities in schizophrenia with molecular features and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Tao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ziyang Gao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiannan Zhao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Biqiu Tang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | | | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jeffrey R Bishop
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - John A Sweeney
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Su Lui
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Zhao H, Cai H, Mo F, Lu Y, Yao S, Yu Y, Zhu J. Genetic mechanisms underlying brain functional homotopy: a combined transcriptome and resting-state functional MRI study. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:3387-3400. [PMID: 35851912 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Functional homotopy, the high degree of spontaneous activity synchrony and functional coactivation between geometrically corresponding interhemispheric regions, is a fundamental characteristic of the intrinsic functional architecture of the brain. However, little is known about the genetic mechanisms underlying functional homotopy. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from a discovery dataset (656 healthy subjects) and 2 independent cross-race, cross-scanner validation datasets (103 and 329 healthy subjects) were used to calculate voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) indexing brain functional homotopy. In combination with the Allen Human Brain Atlas, transcriptome-neuroimaging spatial correlation analysis was conducted to identify genes linked to VMHC. We found 1,001 genes whose expression measures were spatially associated with VMHC. Functional enrichment analyses demonstrated that these VMHC-related genes were enriched for biological functions including protein kinase activity, ion channel regulation, and synaptic function as well as many neuropsychiatric disorders. Concurrently, specific expression analyses showed that these genes were specifically expressed in the brain tissue, in neurons and immune cells, and during nearly all developmental periods. In addition, the VMHC-associated genes were linked to multiple behavioral domains, including vision, execution, and attention. Our findings suggest that interhemispheric communication and coordination involve a complex interaction of polygenes with a rich range of functional features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhao
- Department of Radiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022 , China
- Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging , Anhui Province, Hefei 230032 , China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine , Hefei 230032 , China
| | - Huanhuan Cai
- Department of Radiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022 , China
- Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging , Anhui Province, Hefei 230032 , China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine , Hefei 230032 , China
| | - Fan Mo
- Department of Radiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022 , China
- Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging , Anhui Province, Hefei 230032 , China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine , Hefei 230032 , China
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Radiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022 , China
- Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging , Anhui Province, Hefei 230032 , China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine , Hefei 230032 , China
| | - Shanwen Yao
- Department of Radiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022 , China
- Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging , Anhui Province, Hefei 230032 , China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine , Hefei 230032 , China
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022 , China
- Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging , Anhui Province, Hefei 230032 , China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine , Hefei 230032 , China
| | - Jiajia Zhu
- Department of Radiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022 , China
- Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging , Anhui Province, Hefei 230032 , China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine , Hefei 230032 , China
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10
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Martins D, Giacomel A, Williams SCR, Turkheimer F, Dipasquale O, Veronese M. Imaging transcriptomics: Convergent cellular, transcriptomic, and molecular neuroimaging signatures in the healthy adult human brain. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110173. [PMID: 34965413 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of transcriptomic and neuroimaging data, "imaging transcriptomics," has recently emerged to generate hypotheses about potential biological pathways underlying regional variability in neuroimaging features. However, the validity of this approach is yet to be examined in depth. Here, we sought to bridge this gap by performing transcriptomic decoding of the regional distribution of well-known molecular markers spanning different elements of the biology of the healthy human brain. Imaging transcriptomics identifies biological and cell pathways that are consistent with the known biology of a wide range of molecular neuroimaging markers. The extent to which it can capture patterns of gene expression that align well with elements of the biology of the neuroinflammatory axis, at least in healthy controls without a proinflammatory challenge, is inconclusive. Imaging transcriptomics might constitute an interesting approach to improve our understanding of the biological pathways underlying regional variability in a wide range of neuroimaging phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martins
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Alessio Giacomel
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Steven C R Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Federico Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Ottavia Dipasquale
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK; Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Via Gradenigo, 6/b, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Prenatal Exposure to Triclocarban Impairs ESR1 Signaling and Disrupts Epigenetic Status in Sex-Specific Ways as Well as Dysregulates the Expression of Neurogenesis- and Neurotransmitter-Related Genes in the Postnatal Mouse Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313121. [PMID: 34884933 PMCID: PMC8658534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triclocarban is a highly effective and broadly used antimicrobial agent. Humans are continually exposed to triclocarban, but the safety of prenatal exposure to triclocarban in the context of neurodevelopment remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that mice that had been prenatally exposed to environmentally relevant doses of triclocarban had impaired estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) signaling in the brain. These mice displayed decreased mRNA and protein expression levels of ESR1 as well as hypermethylation of the Esr1 gene in the cerebral cortex. Prenatal exposure to triclocarban also diminished the mRNA expression of Esr2, Gper1, Ahr, Arnt, Cyp19a1, Cyp1a1, and Atg7, and the protein levels of CAR, ARNT, and MAP1LC3AB in female brains and decreased the protein levels of BCL2, ARNT, and MAP1LC3AB in male brains. In addition, exposure to triclocarban caused sex-specific alterations in the methylation levels of global DNA and estrogen receptor genes. Microarray and enrichment analyses showed that, in males, triclocarban dysregulated mainly neurogenesis-related genes, whereas, in females, the compound dysregulated mainly neurotransmitter-related genes. In conclusion, our data identified triclocarban as a neurodevelopmental risk factor that particularly targets ESR1, affects apoptosis and autophagy, and in sex-specific ways disrupts the epigenetic status of brain tissue and dysregulates the postnatal expression of neurogenesis- and neurotransmitter-related genes.
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The role of glucocorticoid receptor gene in the association between attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and smaller brain structures. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:1907-1916. [PMID: 34609638 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02425-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
ADHD is associated with smaller subcortical brain volumes and cortical surface area, with greater effects observed in children than adults. It is also associated with dysregulation of the HPA axis. Considering the effects of the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) in neurophysiology, we hypothesize that the blurred relationships between brain structures and ADHD in adults could be partly explained by NR3C1 gene variation. Structural T1-weighted images were acquired on a 3 T scanner (N = 166). Large-scale genotyping was performed, and it was followed by quality control and pruning procedures, which resulted in 48 independent NR3C1 gene variants analyzed. After a stringent Bonferroni correction, two SNPs (rs2398631 and rs72801070) moderated the association between ADHD and accumbens and amygdala volumes in adults. The significant SNPs that interacted with ADHD appear to have a role in gene expression regulation, and they are in linkage disequilibrium with NR3C1 variants that present well-characterized physiological functions. The literature-reported associations of ADHD with accumbens and amygdala were only observed for specific NR3C1 genotypes. Our findings reinforce the influence of the NR3C1 gene on subcortical volumes and ADHD. They suggest a genetic modulation of the effects of a pivotal HPA axis component in the neuroanatomical features of ADHD.
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Arnatkeviciute A, Fulcher BD, Bellgrove MA, Fornito A. Imaging Transcriptomics of Brain Disorders. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 2:319-331. [PMID: 36324650 PMCID: PMC9616271 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive neuroimaging is a powerful tool for quantifying diverse aspects of brain structure and function in vivo, and it has been used extensively to map the neural changes associated with various brain disorders. However, most neuroimaging techniques offer only indirect measures of underlying pathological mechanisms. The recent development of anatomically comprehensive gene expression atlases has opened new opportunities for studying the transcriptional correlates of noninvasively measured neural phenotypes, offering a rich framework for evaluating pathophysiological hypotheses and putative mechanisms. Here, we provide an overview of some fundamental methods in imaging transcriptomics and outline their application to understanding brain disorders of neurodevelopment, adulthood, and neurodegeneration. Converging evidence indicates that spatial variations in gene expression are linked to normative changes in brain structure during age-related maturation and neurodegeneration that are in part associated with cell-specific gene expression markers of gene expression. Transcriptional correlates of disorder-related neuroimaging phenotypes are also linked to transcriptionally dysregulated genes identified in ex vivo analyses of patient brains. Modeling studies demonstrate that spatial patterns of gene expression are involved in regional vulnerability to neurodegeneration and the spread of disease across the brain. This growing body of work supports the utility of transcriptional atlases in testing hypotheses about the molecular mechanism driving disease-related changes in macroscopic neuroimaging phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurina Arnatkeviciute
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Address correspondence to Aurina Arnatkeviciute, Ph.D
| | - Ben D. Fulcher
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark A. Bellgrove
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Fornito
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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