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Scott MR, McClung CA. Bipolar Disorder. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 83:102801. [PMID: 38223491 PMCID: PMC10786345 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This review focuses on recent advances made towards understanding the neurobiology of bipolar disorder (BD), a chronic neuropsychiatric illness characterized by altered mood and energy states. The past few years have seen the completion of the largest genetic studies by far, which have emphasized the polygenic nature of BD as well as it's connection to other psychiatric illnesses. Furthermore, the use of inducible pluripotent stem cells has rapidly expanded. These studies support previous work that implicates dysregulation of neurodevelopment, mitochondria, and calcium homeostasis, while also allowing for investigation into the underlying mechanisms of individual responsivity to lithium. Sleep and circadian rhythms have also been heavily implicated in BD, from disruptions in activity patterns to molecular abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline R Scott
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Colleen A McClung
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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2
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Medina AM, Hagenauer MH, Krolewski DM, Hughes E, Forrester LCT, Walsh DM, Waselus M, Richardson E, Turner CA, Sequeira PA, Cartagena PM, Thompson RC, Vawter MP, Bunney BG, Myers RM, Barchas JD, Lee FS, Schatzberg AF, Bunney WE, Akil H, Watson SJ. Neurotransmission-related gene expression in the frontal pole is altered in subjects with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:118. [PMID: 37031222 PMCID: PMC10082811 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02418-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The frontal pole (Brodmann area 10, BA10) is the largest cytoarchitectonic region of the human cortex, performing complex integrative functions. BA10 undergoes intensive adolescent grey matter pruning prior to the age of onset for bipolar disorder (BP) and schizophrenia (SCHIZ), and its dysfunction is likely to underly aspects of their shared symptomology. In this study, we investigated the role of BA10 neurotransmission-related gene expression in BP and SCHIZ. We performed qPCR to measure the expression of 115 neurotransmission-related targets in control, BP, and SCHIZ postmortem samples (n = 72). We chose this method for its high sensitivity to detect low-level expression. We then strengthened our findings by performing a meta-analysis of publicly released BA10 microarray data (n = 101) and identified sources of convergence with our qPCR results. To improve interpretation, we leveraged the unusually large database of clinical metadata accompanying our samples to explore the relationship between BA10 gene expression, therapeutics, substances of abuse, and symptom profiles, and validated these findings with publicly available datasets. Using these convergent sources of evidence, we identified 20 neurotransmission-related genes that were differentially expressed in BP and SCHIZ in BA10. These results included a large diagnosis-related decrease in two important therapeutic targets with low levels of expression, HTR2B and DRD4, as well as other findings related to dopaminergic, GABAergic and astrocytic function. We also observed that therapeutics may produce a differential expression that opposes diagnosis effects. In contrast, substances of abuse showed similar effects on BA10 gene expression as BP and SCHIZ, potentially amplifying diagnosis-related dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Medina
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - David M Krolewski
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Evan Hughes
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Maria Waselus
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Evelyn Richardson
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cortney A Turner
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Robert C Thompson
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Huda Akil
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stanley J Watson
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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3
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Hara T, Owada Y, Takata A. Genetics of bipolar disorder: insights into its complex architecture and biology from common and rare variants. J Hum Genet 2023; 68:183-191. [PMID: 35614313 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common mental disorder characterized by recurrent mood episodes, which causes major socioeconomic burdens globally. Though its disease pathogenesis is largely unknown, the high heritability of BD indicates strong contributions from genetic factors. In this review, we summarize the recent achievements in the genetics of BD, particularly those from genome-wide association study (GWAS) of common variants and next-generation sequencing analysis of rare variants. These include the identification of dozens of robust disease-associated loci, deepening of our understanding of the biology of BD, objective description of correlations with other psychiatric disorders and behavioral traits, formulation of methods for predicting disease risk and drug response, and the discovery of a single gene associated with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia spectrum with a large effect size. On the other hand, the findings to date have not yet made a clear contribution to the improvement of clinical psychiatry of BD. We overview the remaining challenges as well as possible paths to resolve them, referring to studies of other major neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Hara
- Molecular Pathology of Psychiatric Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takata
- Molecular Pathology of Psychiatric Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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4
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Dattani S, Sham PC, Jermy BS, Coleman JRI, Howard DM, Lewis CM. Common and rare variant associations with latent traits underlying depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:46. [PMID: 36746926 PMCID: PMC9902570 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies in psychiatry have primarily focused on the effects of common genetic variants, but few have investigated the role of rare genetic variants, particularly for major depression. In order to explore the role of rare variants in the gap between estimates of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) heritability and twin study heritability, we examined the contribution of common and rare genetic variants to latent traits underlying psychiatric disorders using high-quality imputed genotype data from the UK Biobank. Using a pre-registered analysis, we used items from the UK Biobank Mental Health Questionnaire relevant to three psychiatric disorders: major depression (N = 134,463), bipolar disorder (N = 117,376) and schizophrenia (N = 130,013) and identified a general hierarchical factor for each that described participants' responses. We calculated participants' scores on these latent traits and conducted single-variant genetic association testing (MAF > 0.05%), gene-based burden testing and pathway association testing associations with these latent traits. We tested for enrichment of rare variants (MAF 0.05-1%) in genes that had been previously identified by common variant genome-wide association studies, and genes previously associated with Mendelian disorders having relevant symptoms. We found moderate genetic correlations between the latent traits in our study and case-control phenotypes in previous genome-wide association studies, and identified one common genetic variant (rs72657988, minor allele frequency = 8.23%, p = 1.01 × 10-9) associated with the general factor of schizophrenia, but no other single variants, genes or pathways passed significance thresholds in this analysis, and we did not find enrichment in previously identified genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Dattani
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Pak C Sham
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bradley S Jermy
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Jonathan R I Coleman
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - David M Howard
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Ganesh S, Vemula A, Bhattacharjee S, Mathew K, Ithal D, Navin K, Nadella RK, Viswanath B, Sullivan PF, Jain S, Purushottam M. Whole exome sequencing in dense families suggests genetic pleiotropy amongst Mendelian and complex neuropsychiatric syndromes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21128. [PMID: 36476812 PMCID: PMC9729597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) studies provide important insights into the genetic architecture of serious mental illness (SMI). Genes that are central to the shared biology of SMIs may be identified by WES in families with multiple affected individuals with diverse SMI (F-SMI). We performed WES in 220 individuals from 75 F-SMI families and 60 unrelated controls. Within pedigree prioritization employed criteria of rarity, functional consequence, and sharing by ≥ 3 affected members. Across the sample, gene and gene-set-wide case-control association analysis was performed with Sequence Kernel Association Test (SKAT). In 14/16 families with ≥ 3 sequenced affected individuals, we identified a total of 78 rare predicted deleterious variants in 78 unique genes shared by ≥ 3 members with SMI. Twenty (25%) genes were implicated in monogenic CNS syndromes in OMIM (OMIM-CNS), a fraction that is a significant overrepresentation (Fisher's Exact test OR = 2.47, p = 0.001). In gene-set SKAT, statistically significant association was noted for OMIM-CNS gene-set (SKAT-p = 0.005) but not the synaptic gene-set (SKAT-p = 0.17). In this WES study in F-SMI, we identify private, rare, protein altering variants in genes previously implicated in Mendelian neuropsychiatric syndromes; suggesting pleiotropic influences in neurodevelopment between complex and Mendelian syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Ganesh
- grid.417719.d0000 0004 1767 5549Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Ranchi, India ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Schizophrenia Neuropharmacology Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Alekhya Vemula
- grid.416861.c0000 0001 1516 2246Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Kezia Mathew
- grid.416861.c0000 0001 1516 2246Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Dhruva Ithal
- grid.416861.c0000 0001 1516 2246Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Karthick Navin
- grid.416861.c0000 0001 1516 2246Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Nadella
- grid.416861.c0000 0001 1516 2246Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India ,Department of Psychiatry, Varma Hospital, Bhimavaram, India
| | - Biju Viswanath
- grid.416861.c0000 0001 1516 2246Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Patrick F. Sullivan
- grid.10698.360000000122483208University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sanjeev Jain
- grid.416861.c0000 0001 1516 2246Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Meera Purushottam
- grid.416861.c0000 0001 1516 2246Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
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Hasin N, Riggs LM, Shekhtman T, Ashworth J, Lease R, Oshone RT, Humphries EM, Badner JA, Thomson PA, Glahn DC, Craig DW, Edenberg HJ, Gershon ES, McMahon FJ, Nurnberger JI, Zandi PP, Kelsoe JR, Roach JC, Gould TD, Ament SA. Rare variants implicate NMDA receptor signaling and cerebellar gene networks in risk for bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3842-3856. [PMID: 35546635 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01609-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is an often-severe mental health condition characterized by alternation between extreme mood states of mania and depression. Despite strong heritability and the recent identification of 64 common variant risk loci of small effect, pathophysiological mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we analyzed genome sequences from 41 multiply-affected pedigrees and identified variants in 741 genes with nominally significant linkage or association with bipolar disorder. These 741 genes overlapped known risk genes for neurodevelopmental disorders and clustered within gene networks enriched for synaptic and nuclear functions. The top variant in this analysis - prioritized by statistical association, predicted deleteriousness, and network centrality - was a missense variant in the gene encoding D-amino acid oxidase (DAOG131V). Heterologous expression of DAOG131V in human cells resulted in decreased DAO protein abundance and enzymatic activity. In a knock-in mouse model of DAOG131, DaoG130V/+, we similarly found decreased DAO protein abundance in hindbrain regions, as well as enhanced stress susceptibility and blunted behavioral responses to pharmacological inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). RNA sequencing of cerebellar tissue revealed that DaoG130V resulted in decreased expression of two gene networks that are enriched for synaptic functions and for genes expressed, respectively, in Purkinje neurons or granule neurons. These gene networks were also down-regulated in the cerebellum of patients with bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls and were enriched for additional rare variants associated with bipolar disorder risk. These findings implicate dysregulation of NMDAR signaling and of gene expression in cerebellar neurons in bipolar disorder pathophysiology and provide insight into its genetic architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naushaba Hasin
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lace M Riggs
- Program in Neuroscience and Training Program in Integrative Membrane Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tatyana Shekhtman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Robert Lease
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rediet T Oshone
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Humphries
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program in Molecular Epidemiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Judith A Badner
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pippa A Thomson
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David W Craig
- Department of Translational Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Elliot S Gershon
- Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francis J McMahon
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Peter P Zandi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John R Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Todd D Gould
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seth A Ament
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Epigenetic signatures relating to disease-associated genotypic burden in familial risk of bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:310. [PMID: 35922419 PMCID: PMC9349272 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors contribute to risk of bipolar disorder (BD), but how environmental factors impact the development of psychopathology within the context of elevated genetic risk is unknown. We herein sought to identify epigenetic signatures operating in the context of polygenic risk for BD in young people at high familial risk (HR) of BD. Peripheral blood-derived DNA was assayed using Illumina PsychArray, and Methylation-450K or -EPIC BeadChips. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were calculated using summary statistics from recent genome-wide association studies for BD, major depressive disorder (MDD) and cross-disorder (meta-analysis of eight psychiatric disorders). Unrelated HR participants of European ancestry (n = 103) were stratified based on their BD-PRS score within the HR-population distribution, and the top two quintiles (High-BD-PRS; n = 41) compared against the bottom two quintiles (Low-BD-PRS; n = 41). The High-BD-PRS stratum also had higher mean cross-disorder-PRS and MDD-PRS (ANCOVA p = 0.035 and p = 0.024, respectively). We evaluated DNA methylation differences between High-BD-PRS and Low-BD-PRS strata using linear models. One differentially methylated probe (DMP) (cg00933603; p = 3.54 × 10-7) in VARS2, a mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, remained significantly hypomethylated after multiple-testing correction. Overall, BD-PRS appeared to broadly impact epigenetic processes, with 1,183 genes mapped to nominal DMPs (p < 0.05); these displayed convergence with genes previously associated with BD, schizophrenia, chronotype, and risk taking. We tested poly-methylomic epigenetic profiles derived from nominal DMPs in two independent samples (n = 54 and n = 82, respectively), and conducted an exploratory evaluation of the effects of family environment, indexing cohesion and flexibility. This study highlights an important interplay between heritable risk and epigenetic factors, which warrant further exploration.
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Rajkhowa B, Mehan S, Sethi P, Prajapati A, Suri M, Kumar S, Bhalla S, Narula AS, Alshammari A, Alharbi M, Alkahtani N, Alghamdi S, Kalfin R. Activating SIRT-1 Signalling with the Mitochondrial-CoQ10 Activator Solanesol Improves Neurobehavioral and Neurochemical Defects in Ouabain-Induced Experimental Model of Bipolar Disorder. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080959. [PMID: 36015107 PMCID: PMC9415079 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mental illness characterized by mood fluctuations that range from depressive lows to manic highs. Several studies have linked the downregulation of SIRT-1 (silent mating type information regulation-2 homologs) signaling to the onset of BD and other neurological dysfunctions. This research aimed to look into the neuroprotective potential of Solanesol (SNL) in rats given ICV-Ouabain injections, focusing on its effect on SIRT-1 signaling activation in the brain. Ouabain, found in hypothalamic and medullary neurons, is an endogenous inhibitor of brain Na+/K+ ATPase. The inhibition of brain Na+/K+ ATPase by Ouabain may also result in changes in neurotransmission within the central nervous system. SNL is a Solanaceae family active phytoconstituent produced from the plant Nicotiana tabacum. SNL is used as a precursor for the production of CoQ10 (Coenzyme Q10), a powerful antioxidant and neuroprotective compound. In the current study, lithium (Li), an important mood stabilizer drug, was used as a control. This study looked at the neuroprotective potential of SNL at dosages of 40 and 80 mg/kg in ICV-OUA injections that caused BD-like neurobehavioral and neurochemical defects in Wistar rats. Wistar rats were placed into eight groups (n = 6) and administered 1 mM/0.5 µL ICV-OUA injections for three days. Neurochemical assessments were done in rat brain homogenates, CSF, and blood plasma samples at the end of the experiment protocol schedule. Long-term SNL and lithium administration have been shown to decrease the number of rearing and crossings and reduce time spent in the center, locomotor activities, and immobility time. Solansesol treatment gradually raises the amount of Na+/K+ ATPase, limiting the severity of behavioural symptoms. These findings also revealed that SNL increases the levels of SIRT-1 in CSF, blood plasma, and brain homogenate samples. Moreover, in rat brain homogenates and blood plasma samples, SNL modulates apoptotic markers such as Caspase-3, Bax (pro-apoptotic), and Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic). Mitochondrial-ETC complex enzymes, including complex-I, II, IV, V, and CoQ10, were also restored following long-term SNL treatment. Furthermore, SNL lowered inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) levels while restoring neurotransmitter levels (serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, and acetylcholine) and decreasing oxidative stress markers. Histological examinations also validated Solanesol’s protective effect. As a result, our findings suggest that SNL, as a SIRT-1 signalling activator, may be a promising therapeutic approach for BD-like neurological dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Rajkhowa
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India; (B.R.); (P.S.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India; (B.R.); (P.S.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-8059889909
| | - Pranshul Sethi
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India; (B.R.); (P.S.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Aradhana Prajapati
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India; (B.R.); (P.S.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Manisha Suri
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India; (B.R.); (P.S.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India; (B.R.); (P.S.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Sonalika Bhalla
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India; (B.R.); (P.S.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Acharan S. Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA;
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Nora Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Saeed Alghamdi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Reni Kalfin
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
- Department of Healthcare, South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Ivan Mihailov St. 66, 2700 Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
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Takamatsu G, Yanagi K, Koganebuchi K, Yoshida F, Lee JS, Toyama K, Hattori K, Katagiri C, Kondo T, Kunugi H, Kimura R, Kaname T, Matsushita M. Haplotype phasing of a bipolar disorder pedigree revealed rare multiple mutations of SPOCD1 gene in the 1p36-35 susceptibility locus. J Affect Disord 2022; 310:96-105. [PMID: 35504398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of bipolar disorder (BD) is poorly understood. Considering the complexity of BD, pedigree-based sequencing studies focusing on haplotypes at specific loci may be practical to discover high-impact risk variants. This study comprehensively examined the haplotype sequence at 1p36-35 BD and recurrent depressive disorder (RDD) susceptibility loci. METHODS We surveyed BD families in Okinawa, Japan. We performed linkage analysis and determined the phased sequence of the affected haplotype using whole genome sequencing. We filtered rare missense variants on the haplotype. For validation, we conducted a case-control genetic association study on approximately 3000 Japanese subjects. RESULTS We identified a three-generation multiplex pedigree with BD and RDD. Strikingly, we identified a significant linkage with mood disorders (logarithm of odds [LOD] = 3.61) at 1p36-35, supported in other ancestry studies. Finally, we determined the entire sequence of the 6.4-Mb haplotype shared by all affected subjects. Moreover, we found a rare triplet of missense variants in the SPOCD1 gene on the haplotype. Notably, despite the rare frequency, one heterozygote with multiple SPOCD1 variants was identified in an independent set of 88 BD type I genotyping samples. LIMITATIONS The 1p36-35 sequence was obtained from only a single pedigree. The replicate sample was small. Short-read sequencing might miss structural variants. A polygenic risk score was not analyzed. CONCLUSION The 1p36-35 haplotype sequence may be valuable for future BD variant studies. In particular, SPOCD1 is a promising candidate gene and should be validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gakuya Takamatsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yanagi
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kae Koganebuchi
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuyuko Yoshida
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun-Seok Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan; Advanced Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kanako Toyama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Bioresources, Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Katagiri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan; Department of Synbiotics, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kondo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kimura
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kaname
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Matsushita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
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Exome sequencing in bipolar disorder identifies AKAP11 as a risk gene shared with schizophrenia. Nat Genet 2022; 54:541-547. [DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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11
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Nakamura T, Nakajima K, Kobayashi Y, Itohara S, Kasahara T, Tsuboi T, Kato T. Functional and behavioral effects of de novo mutations in calcium-related genes in patients with bipolar disorder. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:1851-1862. [PMID: 34100076 PMCID: PMC8444452 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a common mental illness occurring in approximately 1% of individuals and exhibits lifetime prevalence. Although genetic factors are known to contribute to this disorder, the genetic architecture has not yet been completely clarified. Our initial trio-based exome sequencing study of bipolar disorder showed enrichment of de novo, loss-of-function (LOF) or protein-altering mutations in a combined group with bipolar I and schizoaffective disorders, and the identified de novo mutations were enriched in calcium-related genes. These findings suggested a role for de novo mutations in bipolar disorder. The validity of these statistical associations can be demonstrated if the functional impact of the mutations on cellular function and behavior are identified. In this study, we focused on two de novo LOF mutations in calcium-related genes, EHD1 and MACF1, found in patients with bipolar disorder. We first showed that the EHD1 mutation resulted in a truncated protein with diminished effect on neurite outgrowth and inhibited endocytosis. Next, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to establish two knock-in mouse lines to model the in vivo effects of these mutations. We performed behavioral screening using IntelliCage and long-term wheel running analysis. Ehd1 mutant mice showed higher activity in the light phase. Macf1 mutant mice showed diminished attention and persistence to rewards. These behavioral alterations were similar to the phenotypes in previously proposed animal models of bipolar disorder. These findings endorse the possible role of de novo mutations as a component of the genetic architecture of bipolar disorder which was suggested by the statistical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nakajima
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuki Kobayashi
- Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Itohara
- Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takaoki Kasahara
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuboi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Kato
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
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