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Lei T, Fu G, Xue X, Yang H. Tianma Gouteng Decoction improve neuronal synaptic plasticity and oligodendrocyte apoptosis in Parkinson's disease mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2025; 140:156553. [PMID: 40023970 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2025.156553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2025] [Accepted: 02/20/2025] [Indexed: 03/04/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex and multifactorial disorder of the nervous system. Tianma Gouteng Decoction (TGD) is a clinical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine for PD, but its neuroprotective effects and mechanisms for PD are poorly understood. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of TGD in the treatment of PD. STUDY DESIGN Serum pharmacochemistry, single cell sequencing, network pharmacology, and validation experiment were combined to study the effect of TGD in PD model. METHODS TGD water extract and its distribution in serum of PD mice were analyzed by secondary metabolomics. The crossing blood-brain barrier components and targets were preliminarily identified. Target cells and pathways of TGD were analyzed by network pharmacology and single cell sequencing. RESULTS TGD treatment improved the movement disorders in MPTP-induced PD mice, restoring dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra region and suppressing the expression of α-synuclein. We identified 1272 components in TGD, among which 73 were distributed in the serum of PD mice after oral administration. Network pharmacological analysis demonstrated that these components were involved in the regulation of apoptosis, and 15 of them could across the blood-brain barrier and bind to PD pathological proteins. Single nucleus RNA sequencing analysis identified 18 cell subpopulations, and TGD treatment restored the neuron-oligodendrocyte crosstalk. Neurons were identified as the most widely responding target cells, while oligodendrocytes were the core response target cells to TGD therapy. After treatment, the apoptosis of oligodendrocytes was inhibited, and the secretion of trophic factor was enhanced, facilitating the improvement of neuronal synaptic plasticity and neuroinflammation. CONCLUSION This study systematically elucidates the molecular mechanism of TGD improving movement disorders, which is helpful to provide new ideas for drug development of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Lei
- Department of Disease and Syndromes Research, Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Gaoshuang Fu
- Department of Disease and Syndromes Research, Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xin Xue
- Department of Disease and Syndromes Research, Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Meijer T, Ter Braak B, Loonstra-Wolters L, Kunnen SJ, Islam B, Suciu I, Gardner I, Hatley O, Currie R, Hardy B, Leist M, van de Water B, Jennings P, Wilmes A. Transcriptomic changes and mitochondrial toxicity in response to acute and repeat dose treatment with brequinar in human liver and kidney in vitro models. Toxicol In Vitro 2025; 104:106010. [PMID: 39900124 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2024] [Revised: 12/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2025] [Indexed: 02/05/2025]
Abstract
The potent dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitor brequinar has been investigated as an anticancer, immunosuppressive, and antiviral pharmaceutical agent. However, its toxicity is still poorly understood. We investigated the cellular responses of primary human hepatocytes (PHH) and telomerase-immortalised human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTEC/TERT1) after a single 24-h exposure up to 100 μM brequinar. Additionally, RPTEC/TERT1 cells underwent repeated daily exposure for five consecutive days at 0.3, 3, and 20 μM. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that PHH were less sensitive to brequinar treatment than RPTEC/TERT1 cells. Upregulation of various phase I and II drug-metabolising enzymes, particularly Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1 A and 3 A enzymes, in PHH suggests potential detoxification. Furthermore, brequinar exposure led to a significant upregulation of several stress response pathways in PHH and RPTEC/TERT1 cells, including the unfolded protein response, Nrf2, p53, and inflammatory responses. RPTEC/TERT1 cells exhibited greater sensitivity to brequinar at 0.3 μM with repeated exposure compared to a single exposure. Furthermore, brequinar could impair the mitochondrial respiration of RPTEC/TERT1 cells after 24 h. This study provides new insights into the differential responses of PHH and RPTEC/TERT1 cells in response to brequinar exposure and highlights the biological relevance of implementing repeated dosing regimens in in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Meijer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Bas Ter Braak
- Cell Systems and Drug Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; Toxys B.V., Leiden Bioscience Park, 2342 DH Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
| | - Liesanne Loonstra-Wolters
- Cell Systems and Drug Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; Toxys B.V., Leiden Bioscience Park, 2342 DH Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
| | - Steven J Kunnen
- Cell Systems and Drug Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Barira Islam
- Certara - Simcyp Division, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
| | - Ilinca Suciu
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Iain Gardner
- Certara - Simcyp Division, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Hatley
- Certara - Simcyp Division, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Currie
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Barry Hardy
- Edelweiss Connect GmbH, Technology Park Basel, Hochbergerstrasse 60C, 4057 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Marcel Leist
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Bob van de Water
- Cell Systems and Drug Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Paul Jennings
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Anja Wilmes
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Suzuki T, Bono H. A systematic exploration of unexploited genes for oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:160. [PMID: 39154038 PMCID: PMC11330442 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00776-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Human disease-associated gene data are accessible through databases, including the Open Targets Platform, DisGeNET, miRTex, RNADisease, and PubChem. However, missing data entries in such databases are anticipated because of curational errors, biases, and text-mining failures. Additionally, the extensive research on human diseases has led to challenges in registering comprehensive data. The lack of essential data in databases hinders knowledge sharing and should be addressed. Therefore, we propose an analysis pipeline to explore missing entries of unexploited genes in the human disease-associated gene databases. Using this pipeline for genes in Parkinson's disease with oxidative stress revealed two unexploited genes: nuclear protein 1 (NUPR1) and ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domains 2 (UHRF2). This methodology enhances the identification of underrepresented disease-associated genes, facilitating easier access to potential human disease-related functional genes. This study aims to identify unexploited genes for further research and does not include independent experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 3-10-23 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Bono
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 3-10-23 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan.
- Genome Editing Innovation Center, Hiroshima University, 3-10-23 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan.
- Database Center for Life Science (DBCLS), Joint Support-Center for Data Science Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), 178-4-4 Wakashiba, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0871, Japan.
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Cerneckis J, Cai H, Shi Y. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs): molecular mechanisms of induction and applications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:112. [PMID: 38670977 PMCID: PMC11053163 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has transformed in vitro research and holds great promise to advance regenerative medicine. iPSCs have the capacity for an almost unlimited expansion, are amenable to genetic engineering, and can be differentiated into most somatic cell types. iPSCs have been widely applied to model human development and diseases, perform drug screening, and develop cell therapies. In this review, we outline key developments in the iPSC field and highlight the immense versatility of the iPSC technology for in vitro modeling and therapeutic applications. We begin by discussing the pivotal discoveries that revealed the potential of a somatic cell nucleus for reprogramming and led to successful generation of iPSCs. We consider the molecular mechanisms and dynamics of somatic cell reprogramming as well as the numerous methods available to induce pluripotency. Subsequently, we discuss various iPSC-based cellular models, from mono-cultures of a single cell type to complex three-dimensional organoids, and how these models can be applied to elucidate the mechanisms of human development and diseases. We use examples of neurological disorders, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and cancer to highlight the diversity of disease-specific phenotypes that can be modeled using iPSC-derived cells. We also consider how iPSC-derived cellular models can be used in high-throughput drug screening and drug toxicity studies. Finally, we discuss the process of developing autologous and allogeneic iPSC-based cell therapies and their potential to alleviate human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Cerneckis
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Hongxia Cai
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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Krauskopf J, Eggermont K, Caiment F, Verfaillie C, de Kok TM. Molecular insights into PCB neurotoxicity: Comparing transcriptomic responses across dopaminergic neurons, population blood cells, and Parkinson's disease pathology. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108642. [PMID: 38608384 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder influenced by genetic factors and environmental exposures. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a group of synthetic organic compounds, have been identified as potential environmental risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases, including PD. We explored PCB-induced neurotoxicity mechanisms using iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons and assessed their transcriptomic responses to varying PCB concentrations (0.01 μM, 0.5 μM, and 10 μM). Specifically, we focused on PCB-180, a congener known for its accumulation in human brains. The exposure durations were 24 h and 74 h, allowing us to capture both short-term and more prolonged effects on gene expression patterns. We observed that PCB exposure led to the suppression of oxidative phosphorylation, synaptic function, and neurotransmitter release, implicating these pathways in PCB-induced neurotoxicity. In our comparative analysis, we noted similarities in PCB-induced changes with other PD-related compounds like MPP+ and rotenone. Our findings also aligned with gene expression changes in human blood derived from a population exposed to PCBs, highlighting broader inflammatory responses. Additionally, molecular patterns seen in iPSC-derived neurons were confirmed in postmortem PD brain tissues, validating our in vitro results. In conclusion, our study offers novel insights into the multifaceted impacts of PCB-induced perturbations on various cellular contexts relevant to PD. The use of iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons allowed us to decipher intricate transcriptomic alterations, bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo findings. This work underscores the potential role of PCB exposure in neurodegenerative diseases like PD, emphasizing the need to consider both systemic and cell specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Krauskopf
- Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; MHeNS, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands. %
| | - Kristel Eggermont
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Florian Caiment
- Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine Verfaillie
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Theo M de Kok
- Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; MHeNS, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Jin M, Shi R, Gao D, Wang B, Li N, Li X, Sik A, Liu K, Zhang X. ErbB2 pY -1248 as a predictive biomarker for Parkinson's disease based on research with RPPA technology and in vivo verification. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14407. [PMID: 37564024 PMCID: PMC10848095 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to reveal a promising biomarker for Parkinson's disease (PD) based on research with reverse phase protein array (RPPA) technology for the first time and in vivo verification, which gains time for early intervention in PD, thus increasing the effectiveness of treatment and reducing disease morbidity. METHODS AND RESULTS We employed RPPA technology which can assess both total and post-translationally modified proteins to identify biomarker candidates of PD in a cellular PD model. As a result, the phosphorylation (pY-1248) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ErbB2 is a promising biomarker candidate for PD. In addition, lapatinib, an ErbB2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was used to verify this PD biomarker candidate in vivo. We found that lapatinib-attenuated dopaminergic neuron loss and PD-like behavior in the zebrafish PD model. Accordingly, the expression of ErbB2pY-1248 significantly increased in the MPTP-induced mouse PD model. Our results suggest that ErbB2pY-1248 is a predictive biomarker for PD. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that ErbB2pY-1248 is a predictive biomarker of PD by using RPPA technology and in vivo verification. It offers a new perspective on PD diagnosing and treatment, which will be essential in identifying individuals at risk of PD. In addition, this study provides new ideas for digging into biomarkers of other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Jin
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Ji'nanChina
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong ProvinceJi'nanChina
| | - Ruidie Shi
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Ji'nanChina
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong ProvinceJi'nanChina
- School of PsychologyNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTang'shanChina
| | - Daili Gao
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Ji'nanChina
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong ProvinceJi'nanChina
| | - Baokun Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Ji'nanChina
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong ProvinceJi'nanChina
| | - Ning Li
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Ji'nanChina
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong ProvinceJi'nanChina
| | - Xia Li
- Mills Institute for Personalized Cancer Care, Fynn Biotechnologies Ltd.Ji'nanChina
| | - Attila Sik
- Institute of Transdisciplinary Discoveries, Medical SchoolUniversity of PecsPécsHungary
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Medical SchoolUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Institute of Physiology, Medical SchoolUniversity of PecsPécsHungary
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Ji'nanChina
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong ProvinceJi'nanChina
| | - Xiujun Zhang
- School of PsychologyNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTang'shanChina
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Mächtel R, Boros FA, Dobert JP, Arnold P, Zunke F. From Lysosomal Storage Disorders to Parkinson's Disease - Challenges and Opportunities. J Mol Biol 2022:167932. [PMID: 36572237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are specialized organelles with an acidic pH that act as recycling hubs for intracellular and extracellular components. They harbour numerous different hydrolytic enzymes to degrade substrates like proteins, peptides, and glycolipids. Reduced catalytic activity of lysosomal enzymes can cause the accumulation of these substrates and loss of lysosomal integrity, resulting in lysosomal dysfunction and lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). Post-mitotic cells, such as neurons, seem to be highly sensitive to damages induced by lysosomal dysfunction, thus LSDs often manifest with neurological symptoms. Interestingly, some LSDs and Parkinson's disease (PD) share common cellular pathomechanisms, suggesting convergence of aetiology of the two disease types. This is further underlined by genetic associations of several lysosomal genes involved in LSDs with PD. The increasing number of lysosome-associated genetic risk factors for PD makes it necessary to understand functions and interactions of lysosomal proteins/enzymes both in health and disease, thereby holding the potential to identify new therapeutic targets. In this review, we highlight genetic and mechanistic interactions between the complex lysosomal network, LSDs and PD, and elaborate on methodical challenges in lysosomal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mächtel
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Clinics Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Jan Philipp Dobert
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Clinics Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Friederike Zunke
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Clinics Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
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