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Ling Z, Cheng Y, Liu X, Yan X, Wu L, Shao L, Gao J, Lei W, Song Q, Zhao L, Jin G. Altered oral microbiota and immune dysfunction in Chinese elderly patients with schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:383. [PMID: 38071192 PMCID: PMC10710460 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02682-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex psychiatric neurodevelopmental disorder with uncertain etiology and pathogenesis. Increasing evidence has recognized the key role of the gut microbiota in SZ. However, few studies have investigated the potential link between oral microbiota and SZ. We studied the tongue coating microbiota and inflammatory profiles of 118 elderly SZ patients and 97 age-matched healthy controls using Illumina MiSeq sequencing and multiplex immunoassays, respectively. Reduced α-diversity, along with a significant difference in β-diversity, were observed in patients with SZ. We have identified SZ-associated oral dysbiosis, characterized by increased Streptococcus and Fusobacterium, as well as decreased Prevotella and Veillonella. These differential genera could potentially serve as biomarkers for SZ, either alone or in combination. Additionally, an elevated Streptococcus/Prevotella ratio could indicate oral dysbiosis. These differential genera formed two distinct clusters: Streptococcus-dominated and Prevotella-dominated, which exhibited different correlations with the altered immunological profiles. Furthermore, we also observed disruptions in the inferred microbiota functions in SZ-associated microbiota, particularly in lipid and amino acid metabolism. Our study provides novel insights into the characteristics of tongue coating microbiota and its associations with immunological disturbances in elderly SZ patients, which offer new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of SZ in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxin Ling
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, 250000, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Yiwen Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, 250000, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiumei Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lishui Second People's Hospital, 323000, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingbin Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lishui Second People's Hospital, 323000, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Shao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Hangzhou Normal University, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, 310015, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhui Lei
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, 250000, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, 250000, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qinghai Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Lishui Second People's Hospital, 323000, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Longyou Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lishui Second People's Hospital, 323000, Lishui, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guolin Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, Lishui Second People's Hospital, 323000, Lishui, Zhejiang, China.
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Sun J, Ince MN, Abraham C, Barrett T, Brenner LA, Cong Y, Dashti R, Dudeja PK, Elliott D, Griffith TS, Heeger PS, Hoisington A, Irani K, Kim TK, Kapur N, Leventhal J, Mohamadzadeh M, Mutlu E, Newberry R, Peled JU, Rubinstein I, Sengsayadeth S, Tan CS, Tan XD, Tkaczyk E, Wertheim J, Zhang ZJ. Modulating microbiome-immune axis in the deployment-related chronic diseases of Veterans: report of an expert meeting. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2267180. [PMID: 37842912 PMCID: PMC10580853 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2267180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The present report summarizes the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) field-based meeting titled "Modulating microbiome-immune axis in the deployment-related chronic diseases of Veterans." Our Veteran patient population experiences a high incidence of service-related chronic physical and mental health problems, such as infection, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), various forms of hematological and non-hematological malignancies, neurologic conditions, end-stage organ failure, requiring transplantation, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We report the views of a group of scientists who focus on the current state of scientific knowledge elucidating the mechanisms underlying the aforementioned disorders, novel therapeutic targets, and development of new approaches for clinical intervention. In conclusion, we dovetailed on four research areas of interest: 1) microbiome interaction with immune cells after hematopoietic cell and/or solid organ transplantation, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft rejection, 2) intestinal inflammation and its modification in IBD and cancer, 3) microbiome-neuron-immunity interplay in mental and physical health, and 4) microbiome-micronutrient-immune interactions during homeostasis and infectious diseases. At this VA field-based meeting, we proposed to explore a multi-disciplinary, multi-institutional, collaborative strategy to initiate a roadmap, specifically focusing on host microbiome-immune interactions among those with service-related chronic diseases to potentially identify novel and translatable therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sun
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology/Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M. Nedim Ince
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lowa city, IA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Terrence Barrett
- Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lisa A. Brenner
- Veterans Affairs Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Reza Dashti
- Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Pradeep K. Dudeja
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology/Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Elliott
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lowa city, IA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Thomas S. Griffith
- Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Peter S. Heeger
- Medicine/Nephrology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Hoisington
- Veterans Affairs Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kaikobad Irani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Tae Kon Kim
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System-Nashville VA, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Neeraj Kapur
- Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Mansour Mohamadzadeh
- Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA, TX, San Antonio
| | - Ece Mutlu
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rodney Newberry
- Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jonathan U. Peled
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Israel Rubinstein
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology/Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Salyka Sengsayadeth
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology/Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lowa city, IA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Veterans Affairs Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
- Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Medicine/Nephrology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System-Nashville VA, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Surgery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA, TX, San Antonio
- Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Tucson VA Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Chen Sabrina Tan
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lowa city, IA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Xiao-Di Tan
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology/Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eric Tkaczyk
- Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jason Wertheim
- Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Tucson VA Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Ke S, Hartmann J, Ressler KJ, Liu YY, Koenen KC. The emerging role of the gut microbiome in posttraumatic stress disorder. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 114:360-370. [PMID: 37689277 PMCID: PMC10591863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs in some people following exposure to a terrifying or catastrophic event involving actual/threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence. PTSD is a common and debilitating mental disorder that imposes a significant burden on individuals, their families, health services, and society. Moreover, PTSD is a risk factor for chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, as well as premature mortality. Furthermore, PTSD is associated with dysregulated immune function. Despite the high prevalence of PTSD, the mechanisms underlying its etiology and manifestations remain poorly understood. Compelling evidence indicates that the human gut microbiome, a complex community of microorganisms living in the gastrointestinal tract, plays a crucial role in the development and function of the host nervous system, complex behaviors, and brain circuits. The gut microbiome may contribute to PTSD by influencing inflammation, stress responses, and neurotransmitter signaling, while bidirectional communication between the gut and brain involves mechanisms such as microbial metabolites, immune system activation, and the vagus nerve. In this literature review, we summarize recent findings on the role of the gut microbiome in PTSD in both human and animal studies. We discuss the methodological limitations of existing studies and suggest future research directions to further understand the role of the gut microbiome in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlin Ke
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jakob Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Yang-Yu Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Artificial Intelligence and Modeling, The Carl R. WoeseInstitute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Xiao L, Liu S, Wu Y, Huang Y, Tao S, Liu Y, Tang Y, Xie M, Ma Q, Yin Y, Dai M, Zhang M, Llamocca E, Gui H, Wang Q. The interactions between host genome and gut microbiome increase the risk of psychiatric disorders: Mendelian randomization and biological annotation. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 113:389-400. [PMID: 37557965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The correlation between human gut microbiota and psychiatric diseases has long been recognized. Based on the heritability of the microbiome, genome-wide association studies on human genome and gut microbiome (mbGWAS) have revealed important host-microbiome interactions. However, establishing causal relationships between specific gut microbiome features and psychological conditions remains challenging due to insufficient sample sizes of previous studies of mbGWAS. METHODS Cross-cohort meta-analysis (via METAL) and multi-trait analysis (via MTAG) were used to enhance the statistical power of mbGWAS for identifying genetic variants and genes. Using two large mbGWAS studies (7,738 and 5,959 participants respectively) and12 disease-specific studies from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC), we performed bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) analyses between microbial features and psychiatric diseases (up to 500,199 individuals). Additionally, we conducted downstream gene- and gene-set-based analyses to investigate the shared biology linking gut microbiota and psychiatric diseases. RESULTS METAL and MTAG conducted in mbGWAS could boost power for gene prioritization and MR analysis. Increases in the number of lead SNPs and mapped genes were witnessed in 13/15 species and 5/10 genera after using METAL, and MTAG analysis gained an increase in sample size equivalent to expanding the original samples from 7% to 63%. Following METAL use, we identified a positive association between Bacteroides faecis and ADHD (OR, 1.09; 95 %CI, 1.02-1.16; P = 0.008). Bacteroides eggerthii and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron were observed to be positively associated with PTSD (OR, 1.11; 95 %CI, 1.03-1.20; P = 0.007; OR, 1.11; 95 %CI, 1.01-1.23; P = 0.03). These findings remained stable across statistical models and sensitivity analyses. No genetic liabilities to psychiatric diseases may alter the abundance of gut microorganisms.Using biological annotation, we identified that those genes contributing to microbiomes (e.g., GRIN2A and RBFOX1) are expressed and enriched in human brain tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our statistical genetics strategy helps to enhance the power of mbGWAS, and our genetic findings offer new insights into biological pleiotropy and causal relationship between microbiota and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Xiao
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Siyi Liu
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yulu Wu
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunqi Huang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiwan Tao
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunjia Liu
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiguo Tang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Xie
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianshu Ma
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yubing Yin
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Minhan Dai
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Elyse Llamocca
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hongsheng Gui
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA; Behavioral Health Services and Psychiatry Research, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Hashimoto K. Emerging role of the host microbiome in neuropsychiatric disorders: overview and future directions. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3625-3637. [PMID: 37845499 PMCID: PMC10730413 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The human body harbors a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively known as the microbiota. Current research is increasingly focusing on the potential association between the microbiota and various neuropsychiatric disorders. The microbiota resides in various parts of the body, such as the oral cavity, nasal passages, lungs, gut, skin, bladder, and vagina. The gut microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract has received particular attention due to its high abundance and its potential role in psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. However, the microbiota presents in other body tissues, though less abundant, also plays crucial role in immune system and human homeostasis, thus influencing the development and progression of neuropsychiatric disorders. For example, oral microbiota imbalance and associated periodontitis might increase the risk for neuropsychiatric disorders. Additionally, studies using the postmortem brain samples have detected the widespread presence of oral bacteria in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. This article provides an overview of the emerging role of the host microbiota in neuropsychiatric disorders and discusses future directions, such as underlying biological mechanisms, reliable biomarkers associated with the host microbiota, and microbiota-targeted interventions, for research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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Li X, Zhao K, Chen J, Ni Z, Yu Z, Hu L, Qin Y, Zhao J, Peng W, Lu L, Gao X, Sun H. Diurnal changes of the oral microbiome in patients with alcohol dependence. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1068908. [PMID: 36579346 PMCID: PMC9791055 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1068908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Saliva secretion and oral microbiota change in rhythm with our biological clock. Dysbiosis of the oral microbiome and alcohol consumption have a two-way interactive impact, but little is known about whether the oral microbiome undergoes diurnal changes in composition and function during the daytime in patients with alcohol dependence (AD). Methods The impact of alcohol consumption on the diurnal salivary microbiome was examined in a case-control study of 32 AD patients and 21 healthy control (HC) subjects. We tested the changes in microbial composition and individual taxon abundance by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results The present study is the first report showing that alcohol consumption enhanced the richness of the salivary microbiome and lowered the evenness. The composition of the oral microbiota changed significantly in alcohol-dependent patients. Additionally, certain genera were enriched in the AD group, including Actinomyces, Leptotrichia, Sphaerochaeta and Cyanobacteria, all of which have pathogenic effects on the host. There is a correlation between liver enzymes and oral microbiota. KEGG function analysis also showed obvious alterations during the daytime. Conclusion Alcohol drinking influences diurnal changes in the oral microbiota, leading to flora disturbance and related functional impairment. In particular, the diurnal changes of the oral microbiota may open avenues for potential interventions that can relieve the detrimental consequences of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxue Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Kangqing Zhao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Zhaojun Ni
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Zhoulong Yu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Lingming Hu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Ying Qin
- Addiction Medicine Department, The Second People’s Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Addiction Medicine Department, The Second People’s Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Peng
- Addiction Medicine Department, The Second People’s Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xuejiao Gao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xuejiao Gao, ; Hongqiang Sun,
| | - Hongqiang Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xuejiao Gao, ; Hongqiang Sun,
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Paudel D, Uehara O, Giri S, Yoshida K, Morikawa T, Kitagawa T, Matsuoka H, Miura H, Toyofuku A, Kuramitsu Y, Ohta T, Kobayashi M, Abiko Y. Effect of psychological stress on the oral-gut microbiota and the potential oral-gut-brain axis. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2022; 58:365-375. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Downey J, Lam JC, Li VO, Gozes I. Somatic Mutations and Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:475-493. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents a global health challenge, with an estimated 55 million people suffering from the non-curable disease across the world. While amyloid-β plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles in the brain define AD proteinopathy, it has become evident that diverse coding and non-coding regions of the genome may significantly contribute to AD neurodegeneration. The diversity of factors associated with AD pathogenesis, coupled with age-associated damage, suggests that a series of triggering events may be required to initiate AD. Since somatic mutations accumulate with aging, and aging is a major risk factor for AD, there is a great potential for somatic mutational events to drive disease. Indeed, recent data from the Gozes team/laboratories as well as other leading laboratories correlated the accumulation of somatic brain mutations with the progression of tauopathy. In this review, we lay the current perspectives on the principal genetic factors associated with AD and the potential causes, highlighting the contribution of somatic mutations to the pathogenesis of late onset Alzheimer’s disease. The roles that artificial intelligence and big data can play in accelerating the progress of causal somatic mutation markers/biomarkers identification, and the associated drug discovery/repurposing, have been highlighted for future AD and other neurodegenerative studies, with the aim to bring hope for the vulnerable aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Downey
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jacqueline C.K. Lam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Victor O.K. Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Illana Gozes
- The Elton Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Adams Super Center for Brain Studies and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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