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Guo X, Fu Y, Peng J, Fu Y, Dong S, Ding RB, Qi X, Bao J. Emerging anticancer potential and mechanisms of snake venom toxins: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131990. [PMID: 38704067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Animal-derived venom, like snake venom, has been proven to be valuable natural resources for the drug development. Previously, snake venom was mainly investigated in its pharmacological activities in regulating coagulation, vasodilation, and cardiovascular function, and several marketed cardiovascular drugs were successfully developed from snake venom. In recent years, snake venom fractions have been demonstrated with anticancer properties of inducing apoptotic and autophagic cell death, restraining proliferation, suppressing angiogenesis, inhibiting cell adhesion and migration, improving immunity, and so on. A number of active anticancer enzymes and peptides have been identified from snake venom toxins, such as L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), metalloproteinases (MPs), three-finger toxins (3FTxs), serine proteinases (SPs), disintegrins, C-type lectin-like proteins (CTLPs), cell-penetrating peptides, cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs). In this review, we focus on summarizing these snake venom-derived anticancer components on their anticancer activities and underlying mechanisms. We will also discuss their potential to be developed as anticancer drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuanfeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Junbo Peng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ren-Bo Ding
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Xingzhu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Jiaolin Bao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China.
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2
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Xu X, Fang Y, Nowsheen S, Li YX, Lou Z, Deng M. Regulation of AMPK activation by extracellular matrix stiffness in pancreatic cancer. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101035. [PMID: 38292173 PMCID: PMC10825306 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) sits at a central node in the regulation of energy metabolism and tumor progression. AMPK is best known to sense high cellular ADP or AMP levels, which indicate the depletion of energy stores. Previous studies have shown that the low expression of phosphorylated AMPK is associated with a poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer. In this study, we report that AMPK is also highly sensitive to extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness. We found that AMPK is activated in cells when cultured under low ECM stiffness conditions and is functionally required for the metabolic switch induced by ECM stiffness. This regulation of AMPK requires the Hippo kinases but not LKB1/CaMKKβ. Hippo kinases directly phosphorylate AMPKα at Thr172 to activate AMPK at low ECM stiffness. Furthermore, we found AMPK activity is inhibited in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with high ECM stiffness and is associated with a poor survival outcome. The activation of Hippo kinases by ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 in combination with the mitochondrial inhibitor metformin synergistically activates AMPK and dramatically inhibits PDAC growth. Together, these findings establish a novel model for AMPK regulation by the mechanical properties of ECMs and provide a rationale for simultaneously targeting the ECM stiffness-Hippo kinases-AMPK signaling and low glucose-LKB1-AMPK signaling pathways as an effective therapeutic strategy against PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ye-Xiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Min Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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3
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Zhang Q, Liu L. Novel insights into small open reading frame-encoded micropeptides in hepatocellular carcinoma: A potential breakthrough. Cancer Lett 2024; 587:216691. [PMID: 38360139 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Traditionally, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are regarded as a class of RNA transcripts that lack encoding capability; however, advancements in technology have revealed that some ncRNAs contain small open reading frames (sORFs) that are capable of encoding micropeptides of approximately 150 amino acids in length. sORF-encoded micropeptides (SEPs) have emerged as intriguing entities in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) research, shedding light on this previously unexplored realm. Recent studies have highlighted the regulatory functions of SEPs in the occurrence and progression of HCC. Some SEPs exhibit inhibitory effects on HCC, but others facilitate its development. This discovery has revolutionized the landscape of HCC research and clinical management. Here, we introduce the concept and characteristics of SEPs, summarize their associations with HCC, and elucidate their carcinogenic mechanisms in HCC metabolism, signaling pathways, cell proliferation, and metastasis. In addition, we propose a step-by-step workflow for the investigation of HCC-associated SEPs. Lastly, we discuss the challenges and prospects of applying SEPs in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC. This review aims to facilitate the discovery, optimization, and clinical application of HCC-related SEPs, inspiring the development of early diagnostic, individualized, and precision therapeutic strategies for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangnu Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), 518020, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), 518020, Shenzhen, China.
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4
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Wu ZH, Wang YX, Song JJ, Zhao LQ, Zhai YJ, Liu YF, Guo WJ. LncRNA SNHG26 promotes gastric cancer progression and metastasis by inducing c-Myc protein translation and an energy metabolism positive feedback loop. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:236. [PMID: 38553452 PMCID: PMC10980773 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06607-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Metastasis is a bottleneck in cancer treatment. Studies have shown the pivotal roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating cancer metastasis; however, our understanding of lncRNAs in gastric cancer (GC) remains limited. RNA-seq was performed on metastasis-inclined GC tissues to uncover metastasis-associated lncRNAs, revealing upregulated small nucleolar RNA host gene 26 (SNHG26) expression, which predicted poor GC patient prognosis. Functional experiments revealed that SNHG26 promoted cellular epithelial-mesenchymal transition and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SNHG26 was found to interact with nucleolin (NCL), thereby modulating c-Myc expression by increasing its translation, and in turn promoting energy metabolism via hexokinase 2 (HK2), which facilitates GC malignancy. The increase in energy metabolism supplies sufficient energy to promote c-Myc translation and expression, forming a positive feedback loop. In addition, metabolic and translation inhibitors can block this loop, thus inhibiting cell proliferation and mobility, indicating potential therapeutic prospects in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun-Jiao Song
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li-Qin Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yu-Jia Zhai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan-Fang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei-Jian Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Liu Y, Shi L, Chen Y, Luo S, Chen Y, Chen H, Lan W, Lu X, Cao Z, Ye Z, Li J, Yu B, Dzierzak E, Li Z. Autophagy regulates the maturation of hematopoietic precursors in the embryo. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2255. [PMID: 38490977 PMCID: PMC10943005 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
An understanding of the mechanisms regulating embryonic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) development would facilitate their regeneration. The aorta-gonad-mesonephros region is the site for HSC production from hemogenic endothelial cells (HEC). While several distinct regulators are involved in this process, it is not yet known whether macroautophagy (autophagy) plays a role in hematopoiesis in the pre-liver stage. Here, we show that different states of autophagy exist in hematopoietic precursors and correlate with hematopoietic potential based on the LC3-RFP-EGFP mouse model. Deficiency of autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg5) specifically in endothelial cells disrupts endothelial to hematopoietic transition (EHT), by blocking the autophagic process. Using combined approaches, including single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), we have confirmed that Atg5 deletion interrupts developmental temporal order of EHT to further affect the pre-HSC I maturation, and that autophagy influences hemogenic potential of HEC and the formation of pre-HSC I likely via the nucleolin pathway. These findings demonstrate a role for autophagy in the formation/maturation of hematopoietic precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linjuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sifan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuehang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongtian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlang Lan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zehua Ye
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinping Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Elaine Dzierzak
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Zhuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Ashrafizadeh M, Luo K, Zhang W, Reza Aref A, Zhang X. Acquired and intrinsic gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer therapy: Environmental factors, molecular profile and drug/nanotherapeutic approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117443. [PMID: 37863168 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
A high number of cancer patients around the world rely on gemcitabine (GEM) for chemotherapy. During local metastasis of cancers, surgery is beneficial for therapy, but dissemination in distant organs leads to using chemotherapy alone or in combination with surgery to prevent cancer recurrence. Therapy failure can be observed as a result of GEM resistance, threatening life of pancreatic cancer (PC) patients. The mortality and morbidity of PC in contrast to other tumors are increasing. GEM chemotherapy is widely utilized for PC suppression, but resistance has encountered its therapeutic impacts. The purpose of current review is to bring a broad concept about role of biological mechanisms and pathways in the development of GEM resistance in PC and then, therapeutic strategies based on using drugs or nanostructures for overcoming chemoresistance. Dysregulation of the epigenetic factors especially non-coding RNA transcripts can cause development of GEM resistance in PC and miRNA transfection or using genetic tools such as siRNA for modulating expression level of these factors for changing GEM resistance are suggested. The overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins and survival genes can contribute to GEM resistance in PC. Moreover, supportive autophagy inhibits apoptosis and stimulates GEM resistance in PC cells. Increase in metabolism, glycolysis induction and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) stimulation are considered as other factors participating in GEM resistance in PC. Drugs can suppress tumorigenesis in PC and inhibit survival factors and pathways in increasing GEM sensitivity in PC. More importantly, nanoparticles can increase pharmacokinetic profile of GEM and promote its blood circulation and accumulation in cancer site. Nanoparticles mediate delivery of GEM with genes and drugs to suppress tumorigenesis in PC and increase drug sensitivity. The basic research displays significant connection among dysregulated pathways and GEM resistance, but the lack of clinical application is a drawback that can be responded in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; International Association for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Kuo Luo
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Hyheia Hospital, Chongqing, 4001331, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xianbin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
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Díaz-Gómez JL, Martín-Estal I, Rivera-Aboytes E, Gaxiola-Muñíz RA, Puente-Garza CA, García-Lara S, Castorena-Torres F. Biomedical applications of synthetic peptides derived from venom of animal origin: A systematic review. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116015. [PMID: 38113629 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of therapeutic agents that have fewer adverse effects and have higher efficacy for diseases, such as cancer, metabolic disorders, neurological diseases, infections, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory diseases, are required. Recent studies have focused on identifying novel sources for pharmaceutical molecules to develop therapies against these diseases. Among the sources for potentially new therapies, animal venom-derived molecules have generated much interest. Various animal venom-derived proteins and peptides have been isolated, identified, synthesized, and tested to develop drugs. Venom-derived peptides have several biomedical properties, such as proapoptotic, cell migration, and autophagy regulation activities in cancer cell models; induction of vasodilation by nitric oxide and regulation of angiotensin II; modification of insulin response by controlling calcium and potassium channels; regulation of pain receptor activity; modulation of immune cell activity; alteration of motor neuron activity; degradation or inhibition of β-amyloid plaque formation; antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiprotozoal activities; increase in sperm motility and potentiation of erectile function; reduction of intraocular pressure; anticoagulation, fibrinolytic, and antithrombotic activities; etc. This systematic review compiles these biomedical properties and potential biomedical applications of synthesized animal venom-derived peptides reported in the latest research. In addition, the limitations and areas of opportunity in this research field are discussed so that new studies can be developed based on the data presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Díaz-Gómez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, N.L., Mexico
| | - Irene Martín-Estal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, N.L., Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Rivera-Aboytes
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, N.L., Mexico
| | - Ramón Alonso Gaxiola-Muñíz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, N.L., Mexico
| | - César A Puente-Garza
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, N.L., Mexico
| | - Silverio García-Lara
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, N.L., Mexico
| | - Fabiola Castorena-Torres
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, N.L., Mexico.
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Chen JS, Chiu SC, Huang SY, Chang SF, Liao KF. Isolinderalactone Induces Apoptosis, Autophagy, Cell Cycle Arrest and MAPK Activation through ROS-Mediated Signaling in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14246. [PMID: 37762548 PMCID: PMC10532319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Isolinderalactone (ILL), a sesquiterpene isolated from the root extract of Lindera aggregata, has been reported to exhibit anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic activities in various cancer cell lines. However, the mechanisms associated with its antitumor effects on CRC cells remain unclear. ILL treatment significantly suppressed proliferation and induced cell cycle G2/M arrest in CRC cells by inhibiting the expression of cyclin B, p-cdc2, and p-cdc25c and up-regulating the expression of p21. In addition, ILL induced mitochondria-associated apoptosis through the up-regulation of cleaved -caspase-9 and -3 expression. ILL induced autophagy by increasing the levels of LC3B in CRC cells, which was partially rescued by treatment with an autophagy inhibitor (chloroquine). Furthermore, ILL increases the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activates the MAPK pathway. Application of the ROS scavenger, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), effectively inhibited ILL toxicity and reversed ILL-induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and ERK activation. Taken together, these results suggest that ILL induces G2/M phase arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy and activates the MAPK pathway via ROS-mediated signaling in human CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jith-Shyan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427213, Taiwan;
| | - Sheng-Chun Chiu
- Department of Research, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427213, Taiwan; (S.-C.C.); (S.-F.C.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427213, Taiwan
- General Education Center, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 973302, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Ying Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Fang Chang
- Department of Research, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427213, Taiwan; (S.-C.C.); (S.-F.C.)
| | - Kuan-Fu Liao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427213, Taiwan
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Yang J, Liu Y, Liu S. The role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and autophagy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma invasion. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:506. [PMID: 37550301 PMCID: PMC10406904 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Of all pancreatic cancer (PC) cases, approximately 90% are pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which progress rapidly due to its high degree of invasiveness and high metastatic potential. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a prerequisite for cancer cell invasion and spread, and it is mediated by the specific cellular behaviors and the tumor microenvironment. Autophagy has long been a target of cancer therapy, and it has been considered to play a dual and contradictory role, particularly regarding EMT-mediated PDAC invasion. This review discusses the characteristics and the biological role of EMT and autophagy from a cellular perspective, explaining invasion as a survival behavior of PDAC, with the aim of providing novel insights into targeting EMT and autophagy to overcome PDAC invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Central Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161000, Heilongjiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161000, Heilongjiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Shi Liu
- Central Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161000, Heilongjiang Province, P.R. China.
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Liu G, Wang J, Han M, Li X, Zhou L, Dou T, Liu Y, HuangFu M, Guan X, Wang Y, Tang W, Liu Z, Li L, Ding H, Chen X. RNA-binding domain 2 of nucleolin is important for the autophagy induction of curcumol in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 115:154833. [PMID: 37137203 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Excessive autophagy induces cell death and is regarded as the treatment of cancer therapy. We have confirmed that the anti-cancer mechanism of curcumol is related to autophagy induction. As the main target protein of curcumol, RNA binding protein nucleolin (NCL) interacted with many tumor promoters accelerating tumor progression. However, the role of NCL in cancer autophagy and in curcumol's anti-tumor effects haven't elucidated. The purpose of the study is to identify the role of NCL in nasopharyngeal carcinoma autophagy and reveal the immanent mechanisms of NCL played in cell autophagy. METHODS & RESULTS In the current study, we have found that NCL was markedly upregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. NCL overexpression effectively attenuated the level of autophagy in NPC cells, and NCL silence or curcumol treatment obviously aggravated the autophagy of NPC cells. Moreover, the attenuation of NCL by curcumol lead a significant suppression on PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in NPC cells. Mechanistically, NCL was found to be directly interact with AKT and accelerate AKT phosphorylation, which caused the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Meanwhile, the RNA Binding Domain (RBD) 2 of NCL interacts with Akt, which was also influenced by curcumol. Notably, the RBDs of NCL delivered AKT expression was related with cell autophagy in the NPC. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that NCL regulated cell autophagy was related with interaction of NCL and Akt in NPC cells. The expression of NCL play an important role in autophagy induction and further found that was associated with its effect on NCL RNA-binding domain 2. This study may provide a new perspective on the target protein studies for natural medicines and confirm the effect of curcumol not only regulating the expression of its target protein, but also influencing the function domain of its target protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, 541199 Guilin, PR China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, 541199 Guilin, PR China; Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, 541199, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, 541001, PR China; Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Sphingolipid Metabolism Related Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, 541001 Guilin, Guangxi, PR China; Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, No. 109, 541004 Guilin, PR China
| | - Mengjie Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, 541199 Guilin, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, 541199 Guilin, PR China
| | - Luwei Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, 541199 Guilin, PR China
| | - Tong Dou
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, 541199 Guilin, PR China
| | - Yisa Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, 541199 Guilin, PR China
| | - Mengjie HuangFu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, 541199 Guilin, PR China
| | - Xiao Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, 541199 Guilin, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, 541199 Guilin, PR China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, 541199 Guilin, PR China
| | - Zhangchi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, 541199 Guilin, PR China
| | - Linjun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, 541199 Guilin, PR China
| | - Hongfang Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, 541199 Guilin, PR China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, 541199 Guilin, PR China.
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11
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Metabolic reprogramming of immune cells in pancreatic cancer progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:113992. [PMID: 36395610 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal intracellular metabolism not only provides nutrition for tumor occurrence and development, but also sensitizes the function of various immune cells in the immune microenvironment to promote tumor immune escape. This review discusses the emerging role of immune cells in the progress of pancreatic cancer, acrossing metabolic reprogramming and key metabolic pathways present in different immune cell types. At present, the hotspots of metabolic reprogramming of immune cells in pancreatic cancer progression mainly focuses on glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle and amino acid metabolism, which affect the function of anti-tumor immune cells and immunosuppressive cells in the microenvironment, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, neutrophils and B cells by a series of key metabolic signaling pathways, such as PI3K/AKT, mTOR, AMPK, HIF-1α, c-Myc and p53. Drugs that target the tumor metabolism pathways for clinical treatment of pancreatic cancer are also systematically elaborated, which may constitute food for others' projects involved in clinical anti-cancer research.
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12
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Liu J, Jing W, Wang T, Hu Z, Lu H. Functional metabolomics revealed the dual-activation of cAMP-AMP axis is a novel therapeutic target of pancreatic cancer. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106554. [PMID: 36379357 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most malignant cancers, owing to extremely high aggressiveness and mortality. Yet, this condition currently incurs widely drug resistance and therapeutic deficiency. In this study, we proposed a novel functional metabolomics strategy as Spatial Temporal Operative Real Metabolomics (STORM) to identify the determinant functional metabolites in a dynamic and visualized pattern whose level changes are mechanistically associated with therapeutic efficiency of gemcitabine against PC. Integrating quantitative analysis and spatial-visualization characterization of functional metabolites in vivo, we identified that the AMP-cAMP axis was a novel therapeutic target of PC to intermediate therapeutic efficiency of gemcitabine. Gemcitabine could induce the dual accumulation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and AMP in tumor tissues. Quantitative analysis of associated biosynthetic enzymes and genes revealed that two independent intracellular ATP derived biosynthetic pathways to promote the dual activation of AMP-cAMP axis in a lower-level energetic environment. Then, gemcitabine induced the dual accumulation of AMP and cAMP can separately activate signaling pathways of AMPK and PKA, leading to the inhibition of tumor growth by the upregulation of the downstream tumor suppressor GADD45A. Collectively, our new STORM strategy was the first time to identify novel target of PC from a metabolic perspective as the dual activation of AMP-cAMP axis induced by gemcitabine can efficiently suppress PC tumor growth. In addition, such discovery has the capability to lower drug resistance of gemcitabine by specifically interacting with novel target, contributing to the improvement of therapeutic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Laboratory for Functional Metabolomics Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wanghui Jing
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China; School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Laboratory for Functional Metabolomics Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- Luming Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201114, China
| | - Haitao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Laboratory for Functional Metabolomics Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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13
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Zhao Z, Cai Z, Jiang T, Han J, Zhang B. Histone Chaperones and Digestive Cancer: A Review of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225584. [PMID: 36428674 PMCID: PMC9688693 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global burden of digestive cancer is expected to increase. Therefore, crucial for the prognosis of patients with these tumors is to identify early diagnostic markers or novel therapeutic targets. There is accumulating evidence connecting histone chaperones to the pathogenesis of digestive cancer. Histone chaperones are now broadly defined as a class of proteins that bind histones and regulate nucleosome assembly. Recent studies have demonstrated that multiple histone chaperones are aberrantly expressed and have distinct roles in digestive cancers. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to present the current evidence regarding the role of histone chaperones in digestive cancer, particularly their mechanism in the development and progression of esophageal, gastric, liver, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers. In addition, the prognostic significance of particular histone chaperones in patients with digestive cancer is discussed. METHODS According to PRISMA guidelines, we searched the PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE databases to identify studies on histone chaperones and digestive cancer from inception until June 2022. RESULTS A total of 104 studies involving 21 histone chaperones were retrieved. CONCLUSIONS This review confirms the roles and mechanisms of selected histone chaperones in digestive cancer and suggests their significance as potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However, due to their non-specificity, more research on histone chaperones should be conducted in the future to elucidate novel strategies of histone chaperones for prognosis and treatment of digestive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhao
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Gastric Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhaolun Cai
- Division of Gastric Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tianxiang Jiang
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Gastric Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junhong Han
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Gastric Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +86-28-854-228-72
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14
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Zhai LY, Su AM, Liu JF, Zhao JJ, Xi XG, Hou XM. Recent advances in applying G-quadruplex for SARS-CoV-2 targeting and diagnosis: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1476-1490. [PMID: 36130641 PMCID: PMC9482720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused a health care crisis all over the world since the end of 2019. Although vaccines and neutralizing antibodies have been developed, rapidly emerging variants usually display stronger immune escape ability and can better surpass vaccine protection. Therefore, it is still vital to find proper treatment strategies. To date, antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 have mainly focused on proteases or polymerases. Notably, noncanonical nucleic acid structures called G-quadruplexes (G4s) have been identified in many viruses in recent years, and numerous G4 ligands have been developed. During this pandemic, literature on SARS-CoV-2 G4s is rapidly accumulating. Here, we first summarize the recent progress in the identification of SARS-CoV-2 G4s and their intervention by ligands. We then introduce the potential interacting proteins of SARS-CoV-2 G4s from both the virus and the host that may regulate G4 functions. The innovative strategy to use G4s as a diagnostic tool in SARS-CoV-2 detection is also reviewed. Finally, we discuss some key questions to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yan Zhai
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ai-Min Su
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jing-Fan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jian-Jin Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xu-Guang Xi
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR8113, IDA FR3242, Laboratory of Biology and Applied Pharmacology (LBPA), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Xi-Miao Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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15
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Zhang Z, Chen WQ, Zhang SQ, Bai JX, Lau CL, Sze SCW, Yung KKL, Ko JKS. The human cathelicidin peptide LL-37 inhibits pancreatic cancer growth by suppressing autophagy and reprogramming of the tumor immune microenvironment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:906625. [PMID: 35935871 PMCID: PMC9355328 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.906625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is amongst the most lethal malignancies, while its poor prognosis could be associated with promotion of autophagy and the tumor immune microenvironment. Studies have confirmed the pro-tumorigenic nature of the cathelicidin family of peptide LL-37 in several types of cancer. However, at higher doses, LL-37 exerts significant cytotoxicity against gastrointestinal cancer cells. In our study, we investigated the anti-tumorigenic potential of LL-37 in pancreatic cancer and the underlying mechanisms. Our results have shown that LL-37 inhibited the growth of pancreatic cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies have demonstrated that LL-37 induced DNA damage and cell cycle arrest through induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Further study indicates that LL-37 suppressed autophagy in pancreatic cancer cells through activation of mTOR signaling, leading to more accumulation of ROS production and induction of mitochondrial dysfunctions. With combined treatment of LL-37 with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, LL-37-induced ROS production and cancer cell growth inhibition were attenuated. Subsequent in vivo study has shown that LL-37 downregulated the immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells and M2 macrophages while upregulated the anti-cancer effectors CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. By using an in vitro co-culture system, it was shown that promotion of M2 macrophage polarization would be suppressed by LL-37 with inhibition of autophagy, which possessed significant negative impact on cancer growth. Taken together, our findings implicate that LL-37 could attenuate the development of pancreatic cancer by suppressing autophagy and reprogramming of the tumor immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhang
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Golden Meditech Centre for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen-Qing Chen
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shi-Qing Zhang
- Golden Meditech Centre for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Xuan Bai
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ching-Lam Lau
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephen Cho-Wing Sze
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Golden Meditech Centre for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ken Kin-Lam Yung
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Golden Meditech Centre for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Ken Kin-Lam Yung, ; Joshua Ka-Shun Ko,
| | - Joshua Ka-Shun Ko
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Ken Kin-Lam Yung, ; Joshua Ka-Shun Ko,
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16
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Zhai LY, Liu JF, Zhao JJ, Su AM, Xi XG, Hou XM. Targeting the RNA G-Quadruplex and Protein Interactome for Antiviral Therapy. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10161-10182. [PMID: 35862260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, G-quadruplexes (G4s), types of noncanonical four-stranded nucleic acid structures, have been identified in many viruses that threaten human health, such as HIV and Epstein-Barr virus. In this context, G4 ligands were designed to target the G4 structures, among which some have shown promising antiviral effects. In this Perspective, we first summarize the diversified roles of RNA G4s in different viruses. Next, we introduce small-molecule ligands developed as G4 modulators and highlight their applications in antiviral studies. In addition to G4s, we comprehensively review the medical intervention of G4-interacting proteins from both the virus (N protein, viral-encoded helicases, severe acute respiratory syndrome-unique domain, and Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1) and the host (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins, RNA helicases, zinc-finger cellular nucelic acid-binding protein, and nucleolin) by inhibitors as an alternative way to disturb the normal functions of G4s. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities in G4-based antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yan Zhai
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jing-Fan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jian-Jin Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ai-Min Su
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xu-Guang Xi
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, China.,Laboratory of Biology and Applied Pharmacology, CNRS UMR 8113, IDA FR3242, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
| | - Xi-Miao Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, China
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17
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Li M, Wang C, Yu Z, Lan Q, Xu S, Ye Z, Li R, Ying L, Zhang X, Zhou Z. MgIG exerts therapeutic effects on crizotinib-induced hepatotoxicity by limiting ROS-mediated autophagy and pyroptosis. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4492-4505. [PMID: 35855570 PMCID: PMC9357634 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Crizotinib (CRIZO) has been widely employed to treat non‐small‐cell lung cancer. However, hepatic inflammatory injury is the major toxicity of CRIZO, which limits its clinical application, and the underlying mechanism of CRIZO‐induced hepatotoxicity has not been fully explored. Herein, we used cell counting kit‐8 assay and flow cytometry to detect CRIZO‐induced cytotoxicity on human hepatocytes (HL‐7702). CRIZO significantly reduced the survival rate of hepatocytes in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay kit showed that CRIZO treatment strongly increased the level of ROS. In addition, CRIZO treatment caused the appearance of balloon‐like bubbles and autophagosomes in HL‐7702 cells. Subsequently, Western blotting, quantitative real‐time PCR and ELISA assays revealed that ROS‐mediated pyroptosis and autophagy contributed to CRIZO‐induced hepatic injury. Based on the role of ROS in CRIZO‐induced hepatotoxicity, magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG) was used as an intervention drug. MgIG activated the Nrf2/HO‐1 signalling pathway and reduced ROS level. Additionally, MgIG suppressed hepatic inflammation by inhibiting NF‐κB activity, thereby reducing CRIZO‐induced hepatotoxicity. In conclusion, CRIZO promoted autophagy activation and pyroptosis via the accumulation of ROS in HL‐7702 cells. MgIG exerts therapeutic effects on CRIZO‐induced hepatotoxicity by decreasing the level of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenxiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zheng Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qin Lan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shaolin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongjiang Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rongqi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lili Ying
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiuhua Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ziye Zhou
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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18
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Periplocin Induces Apoptosis of Pancreatic Cancer Cells through Autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR Pathway. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:8055004. [PMID: 35847371 PMCID: PMC9277210 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8055004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Periplocin, a natural compound, has been shown to induce apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells. However, no research has been conducted to demonstrate that Periplocin has a regulatory effect on autophagy. This study is aimed to determine the effect of Periplocin treatment on autophagy in human pancreatic cancer cells, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Pancreatic cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of Periplocin, and real-time cell analysis (RTCA), colony formation assay, and Ki67 immunofluorescence detection were used to determine cell proliferation. Autophagy protein was detected by immunofluorescence and western blotting. Western blotting was also used to detect the caspase family of apoptotic proteins. Flow cytometry and TUNEL staining were used to detect cell apoptosis. Following treatment with Periplocin, the expression of autophagy genes was detected using RNA-seq. In vivo examination of the effect of Periplocin on autophagy in pancreatic was performed using a xenograft model. Periplocin inhibits the proliferation of CFPAC1 and PANC1 cells and induces autophagy by regulating the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Using the AMPK inhibitor Compound C(CC), both the Periplocin-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and autophagy activation was reduced, which further verified this conclusion. Periplocin inhibits CFPAC1 xenograft tumor growth in nude mice and increases tumor cell autophagy. Collectively, these results have shown that Periplocin promotes autophagy in human pancreatic cancer cells by regulating the AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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19
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de Moura GA, de Oliveira JR, Rocha YM, de Oliveira Freitas J, Rodrigues JPV, Ferreira VPG, Nicolete R. Antitumor and antiparasitic activity of antimicrobial peptides derived from snake venom: a systematic review approach. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:5358-5368. [PMID: 35524668 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220507011719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a scenario of increased pathogens with multidrug resistance phenotypes, it is necessary to seek new pharmacological options. This fact is responsible for an increase in neoplasms and multiresistant parasitic diseases. In turn, snake venom-derived peptides exhibited cytotoxic action on fungal and bacterial strains, possibly presenting activities in resistant tumor cells and parasites. Therefore, the aim of this work is to verify an antitumor and antiparasitic activity of antimicrobial peptides derived from snake venom. METHODS For this purpose, searches were performed in the Pubmed, Embase and Virtual Health Library databases by combining the descriptors peptides, venom and snake with antitumor/ antiparasitic agent and in silico. The inclusion criteria: in vitro and in vivo experimental articles in addition to in silico studies. The exclusion criteria: articles that were out of scope, review articles, abstracts, and letters to the reader. Data extracted: peptide name, peptide sequence, semi-maximal inhibitory concentration, snake species, tumor lineage or parasitic strain, cytotoxicity, in vitro and in vivo activity. RESULTS In total 164 articles were found, of which 14 were used. A total of ten peptides with antiproliferative activity on tumor cells were identified. Among the articles, seven peptides addressed the antiparasitic activity. CONCLUSION In conclusion, snake venom-derived peptides can be considered as potential pharmacological options for parasites and tumors, however more studies are needed to prove their specific activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana R de Oliveira
- Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz Ceará), Eusébio-CE, Brazil.,Northeast Network of Biotechnology (RENORBIO), State University of Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Yasmim M Rocha
- Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz Ceará), Eusébio-CE, Brazil.,Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | | | - João Pedro V Rodrigues
- Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz Ceará), Eusébio-CE, Brazil.,Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Vanessa P G Ferreira
- Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz Ceará), Eusébio-CE, Brazil.,Northeast Network of Biotechnology (RENORBIO), State University of Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
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20
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Tonello F, Massimino ML, Peggion C. Nucleolin: a cell portal for viruses, bacteria, and toxins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:271. [PMID: 35503380 PMCID: PMC9064852 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The main localization of nucleolin is the nucleolus, but this protein is present in multiple subcellular sites, and it is unconventionally secreted. On the cell surface, nucleolin acts as a receptor for various viruses, some bacteria, and some toxins. Aim of this review is to discuss the characteristics that make nucleolin able to act as receptor or co-receptor of so many and different pathogens. The important features that emerge are its multivalence, and its role as a bridge between the cell surface and the nucleus. Multiple domains, short linear motifs and post-translational modifications confer and modulate nucleolin ability to interact with nucleic acids, with proteins, but also with carbohydrates and lipids. This modular multivalence allows nucleolin to participate in different types of biomolecular condensates and to move to various subcellular locations, where it can act as a kind of molecular glue. It moves from the nucleus to the cell surface and can accompany particles in the reverse direction, from the cell surface into the nucleus, which is the destination of several pathogens to manipulate the cell in their favour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Tonello
- CNR of Italy, Neuroscience Institute, viale G. Colombo 3, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | | | - Caterina Peggion
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
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21
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Kirman DC, Renganathan B, Chui WK, Chen MW, Kaya NA, Ge R. Cell surface nucleolin is a novel ADAMTS5 receptor mediating endothelial cell apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:172. [PMID: 35197459 PMCID: PMC8866485 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04618-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin motif (ADAMTS) 5 functions as an anti-angiogenic and anti-cancer protein independent of its metalloproteinase activity. Both full-length ADAMTS5 and TS5-p45, the autocatalytically cleaved C-terminal 45 kDa truncate of ADAMTS5, inhibits angiogenesis, and induces endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis. However, how ADAMTS5 triggers EC apoptosis remains unclear. This work shows that caspase-8 (Cas-8) and caspase-9 (Cas-9) are involved in TS5-p45-induced EC apoptosis. We identify cell surface nucleolin (NCL) as a novel high-affinity receptor for TS5-p45 in ECs, mediating TS5-p45's cell surface binding and pro-apoptotic function. We show that the central RNA-binding domain (RBD) of NCL is essential and sufficient for its binding to TS5-p45. Upon interacting with EC surface NCL, TS5-p45 is internalized through clathrin- and caveolin-dependent endocytosis and trafficked to the nucleus via late endosomes (LEs). We demonstrate that the nuclear trafficking of TS5-p45 is important for its pro-apoptotic activity as disruption of LE membrane integrity with an endosomolytic peptide suppressed both nuclear trafficking and pro-apoptotic activity of TS5-p45. Through cell surface biotinylation, we revealed that cell surface NCL shuttles extracellular TS5-p45 to the nucleus to mediate apoptosis. Furthermore, blocking the importin α1/ß1 receptor hindered the nuclear trafficking of TS5-p45, suggesting the involvement of the nuclear importing machinery for this nuclear translocation. RNA-seq identified many apoptosis-related genes that are differentially expressed at least two-fold in TS5-p45-treated ECs, with 10 of them qRT-PCR-validated and at least 5 of these genes potentially contributing to TS5-p45-NCL-induced apoptosis. Altogether, our work identifies NCL as a novel cell surface receptor for ADAMTS5 and demonstrates the critical role of NCL-mediated internalization and nuclear trafficking for ADAMTS5-induced EC apoptosis. These findings reveal novel mechanistic insights of the secreted metalloproteinase ADAMTS5 in angiogenesis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dogan Can Kirman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Bhuvanasundar Renganathan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wai Kit Chui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ming Wei Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Neslihan Arife Kaya
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Ruowen Ge
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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22
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Three dimensions of autophagy in regulating tumor growth: cell survival/death, cell proliferation, and tumor dormancy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166265. [PMID: 34487813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular lysosomal degradation process involved in multiple facets of cancer biology. Various dimensions of autophagy are associated with tumor growth and cancer progression, and here we focus on the dimensions involved in regulation of cell survival/cell death, cell proliferation and tumor dormancy. The first dimension of autophagy supports cell survival under stress within tumors and under certain contexts drives cell death, impacting tumor growth. The second dimension of autophagy promotes proliferation through directly regulating cell cycle or indirectly maintaining metabolism, increasing tumor growth. The third dimension of autophagy facilitates tumor cell dormancy, contributing to cancer treatment resistance and cancer recurrence. The intricate relationship between these three dimensions of autophagy influences the extent of tumor growth and cancer progression. In this review, we summarize the roles of the three dimensions of autophagy in tumor growth and cancer progression, and discuss unanswered questions in these fields.
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23
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Wang C, Huang B, Sun L, Wang X, Zhou B, Tang H, Geng W. MK8722, an AMPK activator, inhibiting carcinoma proliferation, invasion and migration in human pancreatic cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112325. [PMID: 34656065 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MK8722 is a potent and systemic pan-AMPK activator. It is an effective, direct, allosteric activator of AMPK complex in many mammals. This study tried to explore the underlying anti-cancer molecular mechanism of MK8722 in human pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs). METHODS The anti-proliferation, invasion and migration functions of MK8722 in human pancreatic cancer analyzed by real time cellular analysis, colony formation assay, cell migration assay, transwell assay and flow cytometery analysis. Moreover, the potential targeted signaling pathway was tested via RNA-seq and pathway enrichment analysis. RESULTS In the present study, we investigated the anti-PCCs effects of MK8722 on two different human pancreatic cancer cell lines (PANC-1 and Patu8988). The results showed that MK8722 significantly inhibited human tumor cells proliferation and migration/invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the influence of MK8722 was examined by analyzing the expression of potential key genes and pathways, which may provide novel insights to the mechanism of MK8722. CONCLUSION The inhibition of pancreatic cancer by MK8722 through a number of pathways that inhibit carcinoma proliferation, invasion and migration. The potential effect of MK8722 might be determined by regulating the expression of AL162151, IER2, REPIN1, KRT80 to inhibit cycle arrest and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baojun Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linxiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baofeng Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongli Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wujun Geng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of perioperative medicine (NO. 2021HZSY0037).
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24
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Li J, Chen X, Kang R, Zeh H, Klionsky DJ, Tang D. Regulation and function of autophagy in pancreatic cancer. Autophagy 2021; 17:3275-3296. [PMID: 33161807 PMCID: PMC8632104 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1847462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic KRAS mutation-driven pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is currently the fourth-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Macroautophagy (hereafter "autophagy") is one of the lysosome-dependent degradation systems that can remove abnormal proteins, damaged organelles, or invading pathogens by activating dynamic membrane structures (e.g., phagophores, autophagosomes, and autolysosomes). Impaired autophagy (including excessive activation and defects) is a pathological feature of human diseases, including pancreatic cancer. However, dysfunctional autophagy has many types and plays a complex role in pancreatic tumor biology, depending on various factors, such as tumor stage, microenvironment, immunometabolic state, and death signals. As a modulator connecting various cellular events, pharmacological targeting of nonselective autophagy may lead to both good and bad therapeutic effects. In contrast, targeting selective autophagy could reduce potential side effects of the drugs used. In this review, we describe the advances and challenges of autophagy in the development and therapy of pancreatic cancer.Abbreviations: AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; CQ: chloroquine; csc: cancer stem cells; DAMP: danger/damage-associated molecular pattern; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition; lncRNA: long noncoding RNA; MIR: microRNA; PanIN: pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia; PDAC: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; PtdIns3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; SNARE: soluble NSF attachment protein receptor; UPS: ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Li
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Herbert Zeh
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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25
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Song J, Xu J, Guo J, Shang Y, Wang J, Wang T. The enhancement of Tetrandrine to gemcitabine-resistant PANC-1 cytochemical sensitivity involves the promotion of PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated apoptosis and AMPK-regulated autophagy. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151769. [PMID: 34416437 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the process of tumor development, the resistance of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine (GEM) is mainly due to the suppression and dysregulation of apoptosis signals to a large extent. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop pro-apoptotic drugs for combined treatment of pancreatic cancer to increase the activity of GEM and improve the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS GEM-resistant PANC-1 cells were treated with increasing doses of GEM. The effects of GEM and TET on apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 staining. We also evaluated the expression of survivin by real-time PCR, and the expression levels of proteins involved in apoptosis, autophagy, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling were detected by western blotting. The results showed that TET downregulated expression of survivin by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to promote pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis, thereby enhancing pancreatic cancer cell sensitivity to GEM. Moreover, TET enhanced cytotoxic and autophagy-dependent cell death by upregulating the AMPK-autophagy axis, and this effect was reversed by inhibition of AMPK. CONCLUSIONS TET promotes apoptosis by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and promotes autophagy via up-regulating the AMPK signaling pathway to play an anti-tumor effect in GEM-resistant pancreatic cancer cells, which represents a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of GEM-resistant pancreatic cancer.
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26
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Liu G, Lai D, Jiang Y, Yang H, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Liu D, Pang Y. Demethylzeylasteral Exerts Antitumor Effects via Disruptive Autophagic Flux and Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells and Increases Cell Chemosensitivity to 5-Fluorouracil. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:851-863. [PMID: 34102996 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210608104021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Demethylzeylasteral (ZST93), a pharmacologically active triterpenoid monomer extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF), has been reported to exert antineoplastic effects in several cancer cell types. However, the anti-tumour effects of ZST93 in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells are unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antitumor effects of ZST93 on cell cycle arrest, disruptive autophagic flux, apoptotic cell death, and enhanced chemosensitivity to 5-FU in humans CRC cells. METHODS The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay, and autophagy analysis were used to evaluate the effects of ZST93 on cell viability, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and autophagy in two human CRC cell lines. Moreover, ZST93's combined anti-tumour effects with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were evaluated. RESULTS ZST93 inhibited CRC cell proliferation and growth. It was responsible for blocked cell cycle transition by arresting CRC cells in the G0/G1 phase via down-regulation of CDK4, CDK6, Cyclin D1, and c-MYC. Moreover, ZST93 induced suppressive autophagic flux and caspase-3-dependent cell death, which were further strengthened by the blocking of the autophagy process using chloroquine (CQ). Moreover, ZST93 enhanced CRC cells' chemosensitivity to 5-FU via modulation of autophagy and apoptosis. CONCLUSION ZST93 exerts anti-tumour effects via disruptive autophagic flux and apoptotic cell death in human CRC cells and increases cell chemosensitivity to 5-FU. These results provide insights into the utilisation of ZST93 as an adjuvant or direct autophagy inhibitor and suggest ZST93 as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyuan Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Dengxiang Lai
- The Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjing Yang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Pang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
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27
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Pan Y, Zhou J, Zhang W, Yan L, Lu M, Dai Y, Zhou H, Zhang S, Yang J. The Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway regulates autophagy and migration in ovarian cancer. Cancer Med 2021; 10:4510-4521. [PMID: 34076346 PMCID: PMC8267163 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway plays an important role in various types of human cancers including ovarian cancer; however, its function and underlying mechanism in ovarian cancer are still not entirely understood. Methods We detected the expressions of SHH and SQSTM1 in borderline ovarian tumor tissues, epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) tissues and benign ovarian tumor tissues. Cyclopamine (Cyp, a well‐known inhibitor of SHH signaling pathway) and chloroquine (CQ, the pharmaceutical inhibitor of autophagy) were used in vivo and in vitro (autophagic flux, CCK‐8 assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay, tumor xenograft model). The mechanism of action was explored through Quantitative RT‐PCR and Western Blot. Results We found up‐regulation of SHH and accumulation of SQSTM1/P62 in epithelial ovarian cancer. Cyp induced autophagy through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, low‐dose Cyp and chloroquine (CQ) significantly promoted the migratory ability of SKOV3 cells. Conclusions Our findings suggest that inhibition of the SHH pathway and autophagy may be a potential and effective therapy for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Pan
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiena Zhou
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yaojiang Township Central Hospital, Zhuji City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weidan Zhang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lili Yan
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Beilun district hospital of traditional Chinese medicine, Ningbo city, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Meifei Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yongdong Dai
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanjing Zhou
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songying Zhang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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28
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Zada S, Hwang JS, Ahmed M, Lai TH, Pham TM, Elashkar O, Kim DR. Cross talk between autophagy and oncogenic signaling pathways and implications for cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188565. [PMID: 33992723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved metabolic process involved in the degradation of intracellular components including proteins and organelles. Consequently, it plays a critical role in recycling metabolic energy for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis in response to various stressors. In cancer, autophagy either suppresses or promotes cancer progression depending on the stage and cancer type. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer metastasis are directly mediated by oncogenic signal proteins including SNAI1, SLUG, ZEB1/2, and NOTCH1, which are functionally correlated with autophagy. In this report, we discuss the crosstalk between oncogenic signaling pathways and autophagy followed by possible strategies for cancer treatment via regulation of autophagy. Although autophagy affects EMT and cancer metastasis, the overall signaling pathways connecting cancer progression and autophagy are still illusive. In general, autophagy plays a critical role in cancer cell survival by providing a minimum level of energy via self-digestion. Thus, cancer cells face nutrient limitations and challenges under stress during EMT and metastasis. Conversely, autophagy acts as a potential cancer suppressor by degrading oncogenic proteins, which are essential for cancer progression, and by removing damaged components such as mitochondria to enhance genomic stability. Therefore, autophagy activators or inhibitors represent possible cancer therapeutics. We further discuss the regulation of autophagy-dependent degradation of oncogenic proteins and its functional correlation with oncogenic signaling pathways, with potential applications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahib Zada
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 527-27, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 527-27, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahmoud Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 527-27, Republic of Korea
| | - Trang Huyen Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 527-27, Republic of Korea
| | - Trang Minh Pham
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 527-27, Republic of Korea
| | - Omar Elashkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 527-27, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 527-27, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Nucleolin Promotes Cisplatin Resistance in Cervical Cancer by the YB1-MDR1 Pathway. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:9992218. [PMID: 33976698 PMCID: PMC8084676 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9992218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide and is the main cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Cisplatin (DDP) is one of the major chemotherapeutic drugs for cervical cancer patients. But, drug resistance limits the effectiveness of cancer therapy. Nucleolin (NCL) is a nucleocytoplasmic multifunctional protein involved in the development of cancer. It has been reported that NCL may be a potential target for modulation of drug resistance. However, the precise molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Materials and Methods Human cervical cancer Hela cells and their cisplatin-resistant cell line Hela/DDP were used in this study. The protein level of NCL in cervical cancer cells was measured by western blot analysis. Hela cells and Hela/DDP cells were transfected with NCL overexpression plasmid or NCL siRNA separately. MTT and EdU assay were performed to evaluate the cell viability and sensitivity to cisplatin. The drug efflux function of MDR1 protein was assessed by intracellular rhodamine-123 accumulation assay.The promoter activity of MDR1 was assessed by using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results We found that the protein level of NCL was elevated in Hela/DDP cells. Overexpression of NCL increased cervical cancer cell proliferation and attenuated the sensitivity to cisplatin. Overexpression of NCL increased Multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene expression and drug efflux. Our results demonstrated that NCL was highly related with cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer. NCL played an important role in MDR1 gene transcription through regulation of the transcription factor YB1. Conclusion Our findings revealed the novel role of NCL in cisplatin-resistant cervical cancer and NCL may be a potential therapeutic target for chemoresistance.
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30
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Antimicrobial Peptide Brevinin-1RL1 from Frog Skin Secretion Induces Apoptosis and Necrosis of Tumor Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072059. [PMID: 33916789 PMCID: PMC8038347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has always been one of the most common malignant diseases in the world. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find potent agents with selective antitumor activity against cancer cells. It has been reported that antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can selectively target tumor cells. In this study, we focused on the anti-tumor activity and mechanism of Brevivin-1RL1, a cationic α-helical AMP isolated from frog Rana limnocharis skin secretions. We found that Brevivin-1RL1 preferentially inhibits tumor cells rather than non-tumor cells with slight hemolytic activity. Cell viability assay demonstrated the intermolecular disulfide bridge contributes to the inhibitory activity of the peptide as the antitumor activity was abolished when the disulfide bridge reduced. Further mechanism studies revealed that both necrosis and apoptosis are involved in Brevivin-1RL1 mediated tumor cells death. Moreover, Brevivin-1RL1 induced extrinsic and mitochondria intrinsic apoptosis is caspases dependent, as the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-FMK rescued Brevinin-1RL1 induced tumor cell proliferative inhibition. Immunohistology staining showed Brevivin-1RL1 mainly aggregated on the surface of the tumor cells. These results together suggested that Brevivin-1RL1 preferentially converges on the cancer cells to trigger necrosis and caspase-dependent apoptosis and Brevivin-1RL1 could be considered as a pharmacological candidate for further development as anti-cancer agent.
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31
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Hushmandi K, Hashemi F, Rahmani Moghadam E, Raei M, Kalantari M, Tavakol S, Mohammadinejad R, Najafi M, Tay FR, Makvandi P. Progress in Natural Compounds/siRNA Co-delivery Employing Nanovehicles for Cancer Therapy. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2020; 22:669-700. [PMID: 33095554 PMCID: PMC8015217 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.0c00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy using natural compounds, such as resveratrol, curcumin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, etoposide, doxorubicin, and camptothecin, is of importance in cancer therapy because of the outstanding therapeutic activity and multitargeting capability of these compounds. However, poor solubility and bioavailability of natural compounds have limited their efficacy in cancer therapy. To circumvent this hurdle, nanocarriers have been designed to improve the antitumor activity of the aforementioned compounds. Nevertheless, cancer treatment is still a challenge, demanding novel strategies. It is well-known that a combination of natural products and gene therapy is advantageous over monotherapy. Delivery of multiple therapeutic agents/small interfering RNA (siRNA) as a potent gene-editing tool in cancer therapy can maximize the synergistic effects against tumor cells. In the present review, co-delivery of natural compounds/siRNA using nanovehicles are highlighted to provide a backdrop for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, Orta Mahalle,
Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı,
Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci
University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla 34956, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci
University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla 34956, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department
of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology &
Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963114, Iran
| | - Farid Hashemi
- Department
of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Rahmani Moghadam
- Department
of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134814336, Iran
| | - Mehdi Raei
- Health Research
Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran
| | - Mahshad Kalantari
- Department
of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Azad University, Tehran 19168931813, Iran
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular
and Molecular Research Center, Iran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614525, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics
Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616911319, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical
Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
- Radiology
and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
| | - Franklin R. Tay
- College
of Graduate Studies, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Micro-BioRobotics, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa Italy
- Department
of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, 14496-14535 Tehran, Iran
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32
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Zhang C, Li Y, Li J. Dysregulated autophagy contributes to the pathogenesis of enterovirus A71 infection. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:142. [PMID: 33298183 PMCID: PMC7724827 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00503-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EVA71) infection continues to remain a vital threat to global public health, especially in the Asia–Pacific region. It is one of the most predominant pathogens that cause hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), which occurs mainly in children below 5 years old. Although EVA71 prevalence has decreased sharply in China with the use of vaccines, epidemiological studies still indicate that EVA71 infection involves severe and even fatal HFMD cases. As a result, it remains more fundamental research into the pathogenesis of EVA71 as well as to develop specific anti-viral therapy. Autophagy is a conserved, self-degradation system that is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis. It involves a variety of biological functions, such as development, cellular differentiation, nutritional starvation, and defense against pathogens. However, accumulating evidence has indicated that EVA71 induces autophagy and hijacks the process of autophagy for their optimal infection during the different stages of life cycle. This review provides a perspective on the emerging evidence that the “positive feedback” between autophagy induction and EVA71 infection, as well as its potential mechanisms. Furthermore, autophagy may be involved in EVA71-induced nervous system impairment through mediating intracranial viral spread and dysregulating host regulator involved self-damage. Autophagy is a promising therapeutic target in EVA71 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjie Zhang
- Department of Children Health Care, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawei Li
- Department of Health Services, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfeng Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Venom peptides in cancer therapy: An updated review on cellular and molecular aspects. Pharmacol Res 2020; 164:105327. [PMID: 33276098 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Based on the high incidence and mortality rates of cancer, its therapy remains one of the most vital challenges in the field of medicine. Consequently, enhancing the efficacy of currently applied treatments and finding novel strategies are of great importance for cancer treatment. Venoms are important sources of a variety of bioactive compounds including salts, small molecules, macromolecules, proteins, and peptides that are defined as toxins. They can exhibit different pharmacological effects, and in recent years, their anti-tumor activities have gained significant attention. Several different compounds are responsible for the anti-tumor activity of venoms, and peptides are one of them. In the present review, we discuss the possible anti-tumor activities of venom peptides by highlighting molecular pathways and mechanisms through which these molecules can act effectively. Venom peptides can induce cell death in cancer cells and can substantially enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Also, the venom peptides can mitigate the migration of cancer cells via suppression of angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Notably, nanoparticles have been applied in enhancing the bioavailability of venom peptides and providing targeted delivery, thereby leading to their elevated anti-tumor activity and potential application for cancer therapy.
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Xing M, Ji M, Hu J, Zhu T, Chen Y, Bai X, Mwangi J, Mo G, Lai R, Jin L. Snake Cathelicidin Derived Peptide Inhibits Zika Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1871. [PMID: 32849457 PMCID: PMC7417475 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus belonging to the genus Flavivirus and has reemerged in recent years with epidemic potential. ZIKV infection may result in severe syndromes such as neurological complications and microcephaly in newborns. Therefore, ZIKV has become a global public health threat and currently there is no approved specific drug for its treatment. Animal venoms are important resources of novel drugs. Cathelicidin-BF (BF-30) is a defensive peptide identified from Bungarus fasciatus snake venom and has been shown to be an excellent template for applicable peptide design. In this study, we found that ZY13, one of the peptidic analogs of BF-30, inhibits ZIKV infection in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that ZY13 can directly inactivate ZIKV and reduce the production of infectious virions. Further studies also indicated that administration of ZY13 strengthen the host antiviral immunity via AXL-SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signaling protein) pathway. Additionally, the results of mouse experiment suggest that ZY13 efficiently restrict ZIKV infection and improve the growth defects of ZIKV-infected mouse pups. Together, our findings not only demonstrate that ZY13 might be a candidate for anti-ZIKV drug, but also indicated the importance of animal venom peptides as templates for antivirals development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichen Xing
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengyao Ji
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingmei Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tengyu Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yaoyao Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuewei Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - James Mwangi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Guoxiang Mo
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ren Lai
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Institute for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Ognibene M, Pezzolo A. Roniciclib down-regulates stemness and inhibits cell growth by inducing nucleolar stress in neuroblastoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12902. [PMID: 32737364 PMCID: PMC7395171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69499-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, an embryonic tumor arising from neuronal crest progenitor cells, has been shown to contain a population of undifferentiated stem cells responsible for the malignant state and the unfavorable prognosis. Although many previous studies have analyzed neuroblastoma stem cells and their therapeutic targeting, this topic appears still open to novel investigations. Here we found that neurospheres derived from neuroblastoma stem-like cells showed a homogeneous staining for several key nucleolar proteins, such as Nucleolin, Nucleophosmin-1, Glypican-2 and PES-1. We investigated the effects of Roniciclib (BAY 1000394), an anticancer stem cells agent, on neurospheres and on an orthotopic neuroblastoma mouse model, discovering an impressive inhibition of tumor growth and indicating good chances for the use of Roniciclib in vivo. We demonstrated that Roniciclib is not only a Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor, but also a nucleolar stress inducer, revealing a possible novel mechanism underlying Roniciclib-mediated repression of cell proliferation. Furthermore, we found that high expression of Nucleophosmin-1 correlates with patients’ short survival. The co-expression of several stem cell surface antigens such as CD44v6 and CD114, together with the nucleolar markers here described, extends new possibilities to isolate undifferentiated subpopulations from neuroblastoma and identify new targets for the treatment of this childhood malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Ognibene
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post Natali e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS Istituto Gaslini, 16147, Genova, Italy. .,Unità di Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Gaslini, 16147, Genova, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Pezzolo
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post Natali e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS Istituto Gaslini, 16147, Genova, Italy.
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36
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Sheetz T, Mills J, Tessari A, Pawlikowski M, Braddom AE, Posid T, Zynger DL, James C, Embrione V, Parbhoo K, Foray C, Coppola V, Croce CM, Palmieri D. NCL Inhibition Exerts Antineoplastic Effects against Prostate Cancer Cells by Modulating Oncogenic MicroRNAs. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1861. [PMID: 32664322 PMCID: PMC7408652 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men and second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is only temporarily effective for advanced-stage PCa, as the disease inevitably progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The protein nucleolin (NCL) is overexpressed in several types of human tumors where it is also mislocalized to the cell surface. We previously reported the identification of a single-chain fragment variable (scFv) immuno-agent that is able to bind NCL on the surface of breast cancer cells and inhibit proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we evaluated whether NCL could be a valid therapeutic target for PCa, utilizing DU145, PC3 (CRPC), and LNCaP (androgen-sensitive) cell lines. First, we interrogated the publicly available databases and noted that higher NCL mRNA levels are associated with higher Gleason Scores as well as with recurrent and metastatic tumors. Then, using our anti-NCL scFv, we demonstrated that NCL is expressed on the surface of all three tested cell lines and that NCL inhibition results in reduced proliferation and migration. We also measured the inhibitory effect of NCL targeting on the biogenesis of oncogenic microRNAs such as miR-21, -221 and -222, which was cell context dependent. Taken together, our data provide evidence that NCL targeting inhibits the key hallmarks of malignancy in PCa cells and may provide a novel therapeutic option for patients with advanced-stage PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Sheetz
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (T.S.); (J.M.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (A.E.B.); (V.E.); (K.P.); (C.F.); (V.C.); (C.M.C.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Urology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Joseph Mills
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (T.S.); (J.M.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (A.E.B.); (V.E.); (K.P.); (C.F.); (V.C.); (C.M.C.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anna Tessari
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (T.S.); (J.M.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (A.E.B.); (V.E.); (K.P.); (C.F.); (V.C.); (C.M.C.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Megan Pawlikowski
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (T.S.); (J.M.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (A.E.B.); (V.E.); (K.P.); (C.F.); (V.C.); (C.M.C.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ashley E. Braddom
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (T.S.); (J.M.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (A.E.B.); (V.E.); (K.P.); (C.F.); (V.C.); (C.M.C.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tasha Posid
- Department of Urology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Debra L. Zynger
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Cindy James
- Mass Spectroscopy and Proteomics Facility, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Valerio Embrione
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (T.S.); (J.M.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (A.E.B.); (V.E.); (K.P.); (C.F.); (V.C.); (C.M.C.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kareesma Parbhoo
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (T.S.); (J.M.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (A.E.B.); (V.E.); (K.P.); (C.F.); (V.C.); (C.M.C.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Claudia Foray
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (T.S.); (J.M.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (A.E.B.); (V.E.); (K.P.); (C.F.); (V.C.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Coppola
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (T.S.); (J.M.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (A.E.B.); (V.E.); (K.P.); (C.F.); (V.C.); (C.M.C.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Carlo M. Croce
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (T.S.); (J.M.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (A.E.B.); (V.E.); (K.P.); (C.F.); (V.C.); (C.M.C.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dario Palmieri
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (T.S.); (J.M.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (A.E.B.); (V.E.); (K.P.); (C.F.); (V.C.); (C.M.C.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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37
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Autophagy as a decisive process for cell death. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:921-930. [PMID: 32591647 PMCID: PMC7338414 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic pathway in which cellular constituents are engulfed by autophagosomes and degraded upon autophagosome fusion with lysosomes. Autophagy serves as a major cytoprotective process by maintaining cellular homeostasis and recycling cytoplasmic contents. However, emerging evidence suggests that autophagy is a primary mechanism of cell death (autophagic cell death, ACD) and implicates ACD in several aspects of mammalian physiology, including tumor suppression and psychological disorders. However, little is known about the physiological roles and molecular mechanisms of ACD. In this review, we document examples of ACD and discuss recent progress in our understanding of its molecular mechanisms.
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38
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Wei J, Lin J, Zhang J, Tang D, Xiang F, Cui L, Zhang Q, Yuan H, Song H, Lv Y, Jia J, Zhang D, Huang Y. TRPV1 activation mitigates hypoxic injury in mouse cardiomyocytes by inducing autophagy through the AMPK signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C1018-C1029. [PMID: 32293932 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00161.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved self-protection mechanism that plays a crucial role in cardiovascular diseases. Cardiomyocyte hypoxic injury promotes oxidative stress and pathological alterations in the heart, although the interplay between these effects remains elusive. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channel is a nonselective cation channel that is activated in response to a variety of exogenous and endogenous physical and chemical stimuli. Here, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of action of TRPV1 on autophagy in hypoxic cardiomyocytes. In this study, primary cardiomyocytes isolated from C57 mice were subjected to hypoxic stress, and their expression of TRPV1 and adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was regulated. The autophagy flux was assessed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, and the cell viability was determined through Cell counting kit-8 assay and Lactate dehydrogenase assays. In addition, the calcium influx after the upregulation of TRPV1 expression in cardiomyocytes was examined. The results showed that the number of autophagosomes in cardiomyocytes was higher under hypoxic stress and that the blockade of autophagy flux aggravated hypoxic damage to cardiomyocytes. Moreover, the expression of TRPV1 was induced under hypoxic stress, and its upregulation by capsaicin improved the autophagy flux and protected cardiomyocytes from hypoxic damage, whereas the silencing of TRPV1 significantly attenuated autophagy. Our observations also revealed that AMPK signaling was activated and involved in TRPV1-induced autophagy in cardiomyocytes under hypoxic stress. Overall, this study demonstrates that TRPV1 activation mitigates hypoxic injury in cardiomyocytes by improving autophagy flux through the AMPK signaling pathway and highlights TRPV1 as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of hypoxic cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Dermatology, the 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Kunming, China
| | - Jiezhi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Military Burn Center, the 963th (224th) Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Jiamusi, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Di Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hongping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Huapei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yanling Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiezhi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Dongxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuesheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Xu Q, Wu N, Li X, Guo C, Li C, Jiang B, Wang H, Shi D. Inhibition of PTP1B blocks pancreatic cancer progression by targeting the PKM2/AMPK/mTOC1 pathway. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:874. [PMID: 31745071 PMCID: PMC6864061 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant cancer and lacks effective therapeutic targets. Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a validated therapeutic target for diabetes and obesity, also plays a critical positive or negative role in tumorigenesis. However, the role of PTP1B in pancreatic cancer remains elusive. Here, we initially demonstrated that PTP1B was highly expressed in pancreatic tumors, and was positively correlated with distant metastasis and tumor staging, and indicated poor survival. Then, inhibition of PTP1B either by shRNA or by a specific small-molecule inhibitor significantly suppressed pancreatic cancer cell growth, migration and colony formation with cell cycle arrest in vitro and inhibited pancreatic cancer progression in vivo. Mechanism studies revealed that PTP1B targeted the PKM2/AMPK/mTOC1 signaling pathway to regulate cell growth. PTP1B inhibition directly increased PKM2 Tyr-105 phosphorylation to further result in significant activation of AMPK, which decreased mTOC1 activity and led to inhibition of p70S6K. Meanwhile, the decreased phosphorylation of PRAS40 caused by decreased PKM2 activity also helped to inhibit mTOC1. Collectively, these findings support the notion of PTP1B as an oncogene and a promising therapeutic target for PDAC.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/therapy
- Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1/biosynthesis
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/administration & dosage
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Random Allocation
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Small Molecule Libraries/pharmacology
- Thyroid Hormones/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Thyroid Hormone-Binding Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanlong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Huaizhi Wang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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