1
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Ragupathi A, Kim C, Jacinto E. The mTORC2 signaling network: targets and cross-talks. Biochem J 2024; 481:45-91. [PMID: 38270460 PMCID: PMC10903481 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin, mTOR, controls cell metabolism in response to growth signals and stress stimuli. The cellular functions of mTOR are mediated by two distinct protein complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2. Rapamycin and its analogs are currently used in the clinic to treat a variety of diseases and have been instrumental in delineating the functions of its direct target, mTORC1. Despite the lack of a specific mTORC2 inhibitor, genetic studies that disrupt mTORC2 expression unravel the functions of this more elusive mTOR complex. Like mTORC1 which responds to growth signals, mTORC2 is also activated by anabolic signals but is additionally triggered by stress. mTORC2 mediates signals from growth factor receptors and G-protein coupled receptors. How stress conditions such as nutrient limitation modulate mTORC2 activation to allow metabolic reprogramming and ensure cell survival remains poorly understood. A variety of downstream effectors of mTORC2 have been identified but the most well-characterized mTORC2 substrates include Akt, PKC, and SGK, which are members of the AGC protein kinase family. Here, we review how mTORC2 is regulated by cellular stimuli including how compartmentalization and modulation of complex components affect mTORC2 signaling. We elaborate on how phosphorylation of its substrates, particularly the AGC kinases, mediates its diverse functions in growth, proliferation, survival, and differentiation. We discuss other signaling and metabolic components that cross-talk with mTORC2 and the cellular output of these signals. Lastly, we consider how to more effectively target the mTORC2 pathway to treat diseases that have deregulated mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Ragupathi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, U.S.A
| | - Christian Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, U.S.A
| | - Estela Jacinto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, U.S.A
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2
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Castillo Cabrera J, Dang H, Graves A, Zhang Z, Torres-Castillo J, Li K, King Z, Liu P, Aubé J, Bear JE, Damania B, Hagan RS, Baldwin AS. AGC kinase inhibitors regulate STING signaling through SGK-dependent and SGK-independent mechanisms. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:1601-1616.e6. [PMID: 37939709 PMCID: PMC10842197 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 IFN expression is critical in the innate immune response, but aberrant expression is associated with autoimmunity and cancer. Here, we identify N-[4-(1H46 pyrazolo[3,4-b] pyrazin-6-yl)-phenyl]-sulfonamide (Sanofi-14h), a compound with preference for inhibition of the AGC family kinase SGK3, as an inhibitor of Ifnb1 gene expression in response to STING stimulation of macrophages. Sanofi-14h abrogated SGK activity and also impaired activation of the critical TBK1/IRF3 pathway downstream of STING activation, blocking interaction of STING with TBK1. Deletion of SGK1/3 in a macrophage cell line did not block TBK1/IRF3 activation but decreased expression of transcription factors, such as IRF7 and STAT1, required for the innate immune response. Other AGC kinase inhibitors blocked TBK1 and IRF3 activation suggesting common action on a critical regulatory node in the STING pathway. These studies reveal both SGK-dependent and SGK-independent mechanisms in the innate immune response and indicate an approach to block aberrant Ifnb1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Castillo Cabrera
- Pathobiology and Translational Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hong Dang
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Marsico Lung Institute, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adam Graves
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jose Torres-Castillo
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Marsico Lung Institute, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kelin Li
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zayna King
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pengda Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeff Aubé
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James E Bear
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Blossom Damania
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert S Hagan
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Marsico Lung Institute, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Albert S Baldwin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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3
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Cheng L, He Q, Liu B, Chen L, Lv F, Li X, Li Y, Liu C, Song Y, Xing Y. SGK2 promotes prostate cancer metastasis by inhibiting ferroptosis via upregulating GPX4. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:74. [PMID: 36720852 PMCID: PMC9889330 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05614-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has shown that ferroptosis, the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides that leads to cell death, suppresses cancer metastasis. However, the role of ferroptosis in prostate cancer metastasis has not been completely elucidated. In the current study, we identified the essential role of serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 2 (SGK2) in promoting prostate cancer metastasis by inhibiting ferroptosis. We found that the expression of SGK2 was higher in metastatic prostate cancer and predicted poor clinical outcomes. SGK2 knockdown inhibited the metastatic capacity of prostate cancer cells in vivo and in vitro, while SGK2 overexpression inhibited ferroptosis and facilitated prostate cancer metastasis by phosphorylating the Thr-24 and Ser-319 sites of forkhead box O1 (FOXO1). This process induced the translocation of FOXO1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, relieving the inhibitory effect of FOXO1 on glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). These findings delineated a novel role of SGK2 in ferroptosis regulation of prostate cancer metastasis, identifying a new key pathway driving prostate cancer metastasis and potentially providing new treatment strategies for metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulin Cheng
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingliu He
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Lv
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuexiang Li
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunxue Li
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Yarong Song
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yifei Xing
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.
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4
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Glucocorticoid-induced microRNA-378 signaling mediates the progression of pancreatic cancer by enhancing autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1052. [PMID: 36535942 PMCID: PMC9763328 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used in tumor therapy to reduce tumor growth, inflammation, edema, and other side effects. Controversially, GCs may also cause the progression of highly aggressive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Because microRNA (miR) and autophagy signaling support the invasive growth of PDAC, we asked whether these mechanisms may be targeted by GCs. Six established human PDAC cell lines, tissue from patients who received GC medication (n = 35) prior to surgery, or not (n = 35), and tumor xenografts were examined by RT‒qPCR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, gene array and Kaplan‒Meier analysis with bioinformatics, and MTT, western blot, colony, spheroid, migration, and invasion assays. We found that various GCs, including dexamethasone (DEX), induced typical features of macroautophagy with the appearance of autolysosomes, enhanced LC3-II, decreased SQSTM1/p62 expression and induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and gemcitabine resistance. The GC receptor (GR) antagonist mifepristone (RU486) counteracted DEX-induced autophagy features, suggesting that the GC-GR complex is involved in the induction of autophagy. The autophagy-related miR-378i and miR-378a-3p were selected as the top upregulated candidates, and their high expression in PDAC patient tissue correlated with low survival. siRNA-mediated downregulation of miR-378 inhibited DEX-induced autophagy, and tumor progression. Bioinformatics confirmed the contribution of miR-378 to the regulation of signaling networks involved in GC-induced autophagy and tumor progression. The construction of a molecular docking model revealed stable binding of miR-378 to the DEX-GR complex, suggesting direct regulation. These substantial, novel, in-depth data reveal that GCs favor autophagy-mediated cancer progression by inducing miR-378 and GR binding and implicate GR and miR-378 as new therapeutic targets.
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5
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Is Autophagy Always a Barrier to Cisplatin Therapy? Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030463. [PMID: 35327655 PMCID: PMC8946631 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin has long been a first-line chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of cancer, largely for solid tumors. During the course of the past two decades, autophagy has been identified in response to cancer treatments and almost uniformly detected in studies involving cisplatin. There has been increasing recognition of autophagy as a critical factor affecting tumor cell death and tumor chemoresistance. In this review and commentary, we introduce four mechanisms of resistance to cisplatin followed by a discussion of the factors that affect the role of autophagy in cisplatin-sensitive and resistant cells and explore the two-sided outcomes that occur when autophagy inhibitors are combined with cisplatin. Our goal is to analyze the potential for the combinatorial use of cisplatin and autophagy inhibitors in the clinic.
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6
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Jehle S, Kunowska N, Benlasfer N, Woodsmith J, Weber G, Wahl MC, Stelzl U. A human kinase yeast array for the identification of kinases modulating phosphorylation-dependent protein-protein interactions. Mol Syst Biol 2022; 18:e10820. [PMID: 35225431 PMCID: PMC8883442 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202110820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases play an important role in cellular signaling pathways and their dysregulation leads to multiple diseases, making kinases prime drug targets. While more than 500 human protein kinases are known to collectively mediate phosphorylation of over 290,000 S/T/Y sites, the activities have been characterized only for a minor, intensively studied subset. To systematically address this discrepancy, we developed a human kinase array in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a simple readout tool to systematically assess kinase activities. For this array, we expressed 266 human kinases in four different S. cerevisiae strains and profiled ectopic growth as a proxy for kinase activity across 33 conditions. More than half of the kinases showed an activity-dependent phenotype across many conditions and in more than one strain. We then employed the kinase array to identify the kinase(s) that can modulate protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Two characterized, phosphorylation-dependent PPIs with unknown kinase-substrate relationships were analyzed in a phospho-yeast two-hybrid assay. CK2α1 and SGK2 kinases can abrogate the interaction between the spliceosomal proteins AAR2 and PRPF8, and NEK6 kinase was found to mediate the estrogen receptor (ERα) interaction with 14-3-3 proteins. The human kinase yeast array can thus be used for a variety of kinase activity-dependent readouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Jehle
- Otto-Warburg-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics (MPIMG), Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalia Kunowska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nouhad Benlasfer
- Otto-Warburg-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics (MPIMG), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Woodsmith
- Otto-Warburg-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics (MPIMG), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gert Weber
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Macromolecular Crystallography, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus C Wahl
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Stelzl
- Otto-Warburg-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics (MPIMG), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz and BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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7
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Park CH, Moon J, Park M, Cheng H, Lee J, Chang JS. Protein Kinase SGK2 Is Induced by the β 3 Adrenergic Receptor-cAMP-PKA-PGC-1α/NT-PGC-1α Axis but Dispensable for Brown/Beige Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:780312. [PMID: 34899399 PMCID: PMC8657153 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.780312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes are specialized to dissipate energy as heat. Sgk2, encoding a serine/threonine kinase, has been identified as a brown and beige adipocyte-specific gene in rodents and humans; however, its function in brown/beige adipocytes remains unraveled. Here, we examined the regulation and role of Sgk2 in brown/beige adipose tissue thermogenesis. We found that transcriptional coactivators PGC-1α and NT-PGC-1α activated by the β3 adrenergic receptor-cAMP-PKA pathway are recruited to the Sgk2 promoter, triggering Sgk2 transcription in response to cold. SGK2 elevation was closely associated with increased serine/threonine phosphorylation of proteins carrying the consensus RxRxxS/T phosphorylation site. However, despite cold-dependent activation of SGK2, mice lacking Sgk2 exhibited normal cold tolerance at 4°C. In addition, Sgk2+/+ and Sgk2−/− mice induced comparable increases in energy expenditure during pharmacological activation of brown and beige adipose tissue with a β3AR agonist. In vitro loss- and gain-of-function studies further demonstrated that Sgk2 ablation or activation does not alter thermogenic gene expression and mitochondrial respiration in brown adipocytes. Collectively, our results reveal a new signaling component SGK2, although dispensable for cold-induced thermogenesis that adds an additional layer of complexity to the β3AR signaling network in brown/beige adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Hong Park
- Gene Regulation and Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jiyoung Moon
- Gene Regulation and Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Minsung Park
- Gene Regulation and Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Helia Cheng
- Gene Regulation and Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jisu Lee
- Gene Regulation and Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Ji Suk Chang
- Gene Regulation and Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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8
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Pennington KL, McEwan CM, Woods J, Muir CM, Pramoda Sahankumari AG, Eastmond R, Balasooriya ER, Egbert CM, Kaur S, Heaton T, McCormack KK, Piccolo SR, Kurokawa M, Andersen JL. SGK2, 14-3-3, and HUWE1 Cooperate to Control the Localization, Stability, and Function of the Oncoprotein PTOV1. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 20:231-243. [PMID: 34654719 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PTOV1 is an oncogenic protein, initially identified in prostate cancer, that promotes proliferation, cell motility, and invasiveness. However, the mechanisms that regulate PTOV1 remain unclear. Here, we identify 14-3-3 as a PTOV1 interactor and show that high levels of 14-3-3 expression, like PTOV1, correlate with prostate cancer progression. We discover an SGK2-mediated phosphorylation of PTOV1 at S36, which is required for 14-3-3 binding. Disruption of the PTOV1-14-3-3 interaction results in an accumulation of PTOV1 in the nucleus and a proteasome-dependent reduction in PTOV1 protein levels. We find that loss of 14-3-3 binding leads to an increase in PTOV1 binding to the E3 ubiquitin ligase HUWE1, which promotes proteasomal degradation of PTOV1. Conversely, our data suggest that 14-3-3 stabilizes PTOV1 protein by sequestering PTOV1 in the cytosol and inhibiting its interaction with HUWE1. Finally, our data suggest that stabilization of the 14-3-3-bound form of PTOV1 promotes PTOV1-mediated expression of cJun, which drives cell-cycle progression in cancer. Together, these data provide a mechanism to understand the regulation of the oncoprotein PTOV1. IMPLICATIONS: These findings identify a potentially targetable mechanism that regulates the oncoprotein PTOV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Pennington
- The Fritz B. Burns Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Colten M McEwan
- The Fritz B. Burns Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
| | - James Woods
- The Fritz B. Burns Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Colin M Muir
- The Fritz B. Burns Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - A G Pramoda Sahankumari
- The Fritz B. Burns Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Riley Eastmond
- The Fritz B. Burns Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Eranga R Balasooriya
- The Fritz B. Burns Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Christina M Egbert
- The Fritz B. Burns Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Sandeep Kaur
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Tyler Heaton
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Katherine K McCormack
- The Fritz B. Burns Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | | | - Manabu Kurokawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Joshua L Andersen
- The Fritz B. Burns Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
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9
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Wang HC, Chan LP, Wu CC, Hsiao HH, Liu YC, Cho SF, Du JS, Liu TC, Yang CH, Pan MR, Moi SH. Progression Risk Score Estimation Based on Immunostaining Data in Oral Cancer Using Unsupervised Hierarchical Clustering Analysis: A Retrospective Study in Taiwan. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11090908. [PMID: 34575686 PMCID: PMC8466609 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11090908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether the progression risk score (PRS) developed from cytoplasmic immunohistochemistry (IHC) biomarkers is available and applicable for assessing risk and prognosis in oral cancer patients. Participants in this retrospective case-control study were diagnosed between 2012 and 2014 and subsequently underwent surgical intervention. The specimens from surgery were stained by IHC for 16 cytoplasmic target markers. We evaluated the results of IHC staining, clinical and pathological features, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) of 102 oral cancer patients using a novel estimation approach with unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis. Patients were stratified into high-risk (52) and low-risk (50) groups, according to their PRS; a metric consisting of cytoplasmic PLK1, PhosphoMet, SGK2, and SHC1 expression. Moreover, PRS could be extended for use in the Cox proportional hazard regression model to estimate survival outcomes with associated clinical parameters. Our study findings revealed that the high-risk patients had a significantly increased risk in cancer progression compared with low-risk patients (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10-2.42, p = 0.026). After considering the influences of demographics, risk behaviors, and tumor characteristics, risk estimation with PRS provided distinct PFS groups for patients with oral cancer (p = 0.017, p = 0.019, and p = 0.020). Our findings support that PRS could serve as an ideal biomarker for clinical use in risk stratification and progression assessment in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ching Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-C.W.); (J.-S.D.); (M.-R.P.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-H.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (S.-F.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Leong-Perng Chan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Wu
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Hua Hsiao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-H.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (S.-F.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Chang Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-H.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (S.-F.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Feng Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-H.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (S.-F.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Jeng-Shiun Du
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-C.W.); (J.-S.D.); (M.-R.P.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-H.H.); (Y.-C.L.); (S.-F.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Ta-Chih Liu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 505, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Hong Yang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ren Pan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-C.W.); (J.-S.D.); (M.-R.P.)
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Hua Moi
- Center of Cancer Program Development, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-6150022 (ext. 6135); Fax: +886-7-6150940
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10
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Clarisse D, De Bosscher K. How the glucocorticoid receptor contributes to platinum-based therapy resistance in solid cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4959. [PMID: 34400619 PMCID: PMC8367998 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24847-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic glucocorticoids serve as co-medication against solid malignant tumors. However, glucocorticoid receptor activation may promote unsolicited cancer resistance to chemotherapy. The Kang team elucidated a glucocorticoid receptor-centred chemotherapy-resistance mechanism to cisplatin and characterized avenues towards a viable escape strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Clarisse
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, UGent Department of Biomolecular Medicine, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, UGent Department of Biomolecular Medicine, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium.
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