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Long L, Xu J, Qi X, Pen Y, Wang C, Jiang W, Peng X, Hu Z, Yi W, Xie L, Lei X, Wang Z, Zhuo L. Discovery of novel small molecules targeting the USP21/JAK2/STAT3 axis for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 273:116500. [PMID: 38776807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The deficiency in available targeted agents and frequency of chemoresistance are primary challenges in clinical management of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The aberrant expression of USP21 and JAK2 represents a characterized mechanism of TNBC progression and resistance to paclitaxel (PTX). Despite its clear that high expression of USP21-mediated de-ubiquitination leads to increased levels of JAK2 protein, we lack regulator molecules to dissect the mechanisms that the interaction between USP21 and JAK2 contributes to the phenotype and resistance of TNBC. Here, we report a USP21/JAK2/STAT3 axis-targeting regulator 13c featuring a N-anthraniloyl tryptamine scaffold that showed excellent anti-TNBC potency and promising safety profile. Importantly, the therapeutic potential of using 13c in combination with PTX in PTX-resistant TNBC was demonstrated. This study showcases N-anthraniloyl tryptamine derivatives as a novel anti-TNBC chemotype with a pharmacological mode of action targeting the USP21/JAK2/STAT3 axis and provides a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Long
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Jiachi Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China; Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Xiaowen Qi
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yan Pen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Chengkun Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Weifan Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Xue Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Zecheng Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Wenjun Yi
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Liming Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Research and Prevention Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
| | - Linsheng Zhuo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Research and Prevention Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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2
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Zou Z, Luo T, Wang X, Wang B, Li Q. Exploring the interplay between triple-negative breast cancer stem cells and tumor microenvironment for effective therapeutic strategies. J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38807378 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive and metastatic malignancy with poor treatment outcomes. The interaction between the tumor microenvironment (TME) and breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) plays an important role in the development of TNBC. Owing to their ability of self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation, BCSCs maintain tumor growth, drive metastatic colonization, and facilitate the development of drug resistance. TME is the main factor regulating the phenotype and metastasis of BCSCs. Immune cells, cancer-related fibroblasts (CAFs), cytokines, mesenchymal cells, endothelial cells, and extracellular matrix within the TME form a complex communication network, exert highly selective pressure on the tumor, and provide a conducive environment for the formation of BCSC niches. Tumor growth and metastasis can be controlled by targeting the TME to eliminate BCSC niches or targeting BCSCs to modify the TME. These approaches may improve the treatment outcomes and possess great application potential in clinical settings. In this review, we summarized the relationship between BCSCs and the progression and drug resistance of TNBC, especially focusing on the interaction between BCSCs and TME. In addition, we discussed therapeutic strategies that target the TME to inhibit or eliminate BCSCs, providing valuable insights into the clinical treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoling Zou
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tinglan Luo
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Chongqing (Affiliated Central Hospital of Chongqing University of Technology), Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Chongqing Medicine University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Chongqing (Affiliated Central Hospital of Chongqing University of Technology), Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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3
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Mitra S, Biswas P, Bandyopadhyay A, Gadekar VS, Gopalakrishnan AV, Kumar M, Radha, Nandy S. Piperlongumine: the amazing amide alkaloid from Piper in the treatment of breast cancer. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2637-2650. [PMID: 37955690 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02673-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Piperlongumine (PL), an alkaloid found primarily in the fruits and roots of the plant Piper longum L. (Piperaceae), is a natural compound that exhibits potent activity against various cancer cell proliferation. The most frequently caused malignancy in women globally, breast cancer (BC), has been demonstrated to be significantly inhibited by PL. Apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, increased ROS generation, and changes in the signalling protein's expression are all caused by the numerous signalling pathways that PL impacts. Since BC cells resist conventional chemotherapeutic drugs (doxorubicin, docetaxel etc.), researchers have shown that the drugs in combination with PL can exhibit a synergistic effect, greater than the effects of the drug or PL alone. Recently, techniques for drug packaging based on nanotechnology have been employed to improve PL release. The review has presented an outline of the chemistry of PL, its molecular basis in BC, its bioavailability, toxicity, and nanotechnological applications. An attempt to understand the future prospects and direction of research about the compound has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatakshi Mitra
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Protha Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Anupriya Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | | | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research On Cotton Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Samapika Nandy
- Department of Botany, Vedanta College, 33A, Shiv Krishna Daw Lane, Phool Bagan, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India.
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Bell Road, Clement Town, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India.
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Wang D, Cao Y, Meng M, Qiu J, Ni C, Guo X, Li Y, Liu S, Yu J, Guo M, Wang J, Du B, Qiu W, Xie C, Zhao B, Ma X, Cheng X, Xu L. FOXA3 regulates cholesterol metabolism to compensate for low uptake during the progression of lung adenocarcinoma. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002621. [PMID: 38805565 PMCID: PMC11161053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol metabolism is vital for multiple cancer progression, while how cholesterol affects lung, a low-cholesterol tissue, for cancer metastasis and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we found that metastatic lung adenocarcinoma cells acquire cellular dehydrocholesterol and cholesterol by endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis, instead of uptake upon cholesterol treatment. Besides, we demonstrated that exogenous cholesterol functions as signaling molecule to induce FOXA3, a key transcription factor for lipid metabolism via GLI2. Subsequently, ChIP-seq analysis and molecular studies revealed that FOXA3 transcriptionally activated Hmgcs1, an essential enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis, to induce endogenous dehydrocholesterol and cholesterol level for membrane composition change and cell migration. Conversely, FOXA3 knockdown or knockout blocked cholesterol biosynthesis and lung adenocarcinoma metastasis in mice. In addition, the potent FOXA3 inhibitor magnolol suppressed metastatic gene programs in lung adenocarcinoma patient-derived organoids (PDOs). Altogether, our findings shed light onto unique cholesterol metabolism and FOXA3 contribution to lung adenocarcinoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Changzhou, No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxiang Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiyao Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Ni
- Institute of Organoid Technology, BioGenous Biotechnology, Inc., Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Fengxian District, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingwei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwei Qiu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Institute of Organoid Technology, BioGenous Biotechnology, Inc., Suzhou, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinran Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Fengxian District, Shanghai, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinghua Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Rota Graziosi E, François S, Nasser F, Gauthier M, Oger M, Favier AL, Drouet M, Jullien N, Riccobono D. Comparison of Three Antagonists of Hedgehog Pathway to Promote Skeletal Muscle Regeneration after High Dose Irradiation. Radiat Res 2024; 201:429-439. [PMID: 38253061 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00140.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The current geopolitical context has brought the radiological nuclear risk to the forefront of concerns. High-dose localized radiation exposure leads to the development of a musculocutaneous radiation syndrome affecting the skin and subcutaneous muscles. Despite the implementation of a gold standard treatment based on an invasive surgical procedure coupled with autologous cell therapy, a muscular defect frequently persists. Targeting the modulation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway appears to be a promising therapeutic approach. Activation of this pathway enhances cell survival and promotes proliferation after irradiation, while inhibition by Cyclopamine facilitates differentiation. In this study, we compared the effects of three antagonists of Hh, Cyclopamine (CA), Vismodegib (VDG) and Sonidegib (SDG) on differentiation. A stable cell line of murine myoblasts, C2C12, was exposed to X-ray radiation (5 Gy) and treated with CA, VDG or SDG. Analysis of proliferation, survival (apoptosis), morphology, myogenesis genes expression and proteins production were performed. According to the results, VDG does not have a significant impact on C2C12 cells. SDG increases the expression/production of differentiation markers to a similar extent as CA, while morphologically, SDG proves to be more effective than CA. To conclude, SDG can be used in the same way as CA but already has a marketing authorization with an indication against basal cell cancers, facilitating their use in vivo. This proof of concept demonstrates that SDG represents a promising alternative to CA to promotes differentiation of murine myoblasts. Future studies on isolated and cultured satellite cells and in vivo will test this proof of concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Rota Graziosi
- IRBA, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Radiobiology unit, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Sabine François
- IRBA, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Radiobiology unit, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- INSERM, UMR1296, Radiations: Defense, Health, Environment, Lyon and Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Farah Nasser
- IRBA, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Radiobiology unit, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Michel Gauthier
- IRBA, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Radiobiology unit, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Myriam Oger
- IRBA, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Imagery Unit, Department of Platforms and Technology Research, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Anne-Laure Favier
- IRBA, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Imagery Unit, Department of Platforms and Technology Research, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Michel Drouet
- INSERM, UMR1296, Radiations: Defense, Health, Environment, Lyon and Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- IRBA, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Radiations Bioeffects Department, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Nicolas Jullien
- IRBA, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Radiobiology unit, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Diane Riccobono
- INSERM, UMR1296, Radiations: Defense, Health, Environment, Lyon and Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- IRBA, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Radiations Bioeffects Department, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
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Mao F, Gao L, Liu L, Tang Y. Enhanced synergy of pacritinib with temsirolimus and sunitinib in preclinical renal cell carcinoma model by targeting JAK2/STAT pathway. J Chemother 2024; 36:238-248. [PMID: 37916436 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2023.2274700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Pacritinib is an oral medication that inhibits several kinases including JAK2, FLT3, IRAK and STAT3. It has been recently approved to treat patients with thrombocytopenia and myelofibrosis. Studies are currently exploring the potential use of pacritinib in treating other types of cancer such as leukaemia, breast cancer and prostate cancer. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of pacritinib alone and its combination with standard of care in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We showed that pacritinib dose-dependently decreased viability of RCC cells, with IC50 at nanomolar or low micromolar concentration rage. Pacritinib inhibited cell proliferation, decreased colony formation, and increased apoptosis. Interestingly, pacritinib exhibited synergistic effects when combined with temsirolimus and sunitinib, but antagonistic effects when combined with doxorubicin, in a panel of RCC cell lines. We also confirmed that the combination of pacritinib with temsirolimus and sunitinib resulted in synergistic effects in RCC mouse models, with complete inhibition of tumour growth throughout the treatment period. Mechanistic studies indicated that the inhibition of JAK2, but not IRAK, was the main contributor to the anti-RCC activity of pacritinib. Our study is the first to demonstrate that pacritinib shows promise as a treatment option for RCC and underscores the therapeutic potential of targeting the JAK2/STAT signalling pathway in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Mao
- Department of Urology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangkui Gao
- Department of Urology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjia Tang
- Department of Urology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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7
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Yang W, Chen H, Ma L, Wei M, Xue X, Li Y, Jin Z, dong J, Xiao H. The oncogene MYBL2 promotes the malignant phenotype and suppresses apoptosis through hedgehog signaling pathway in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27772. [PMID: 38510035 PMCID: PMC10950673 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple cancers have been associated with MYB-related protein B (MYBL2), its involvement in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has yet to be demonstrated. Our study revealed a significant upregulation of MYBL2 in ccRCC tissues, correlating with clinicopathological features and patient prognosis. Increased MYBL2 expression promoted cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis. RNA-seq analysis unveiled a reduction in smoothened (SMO) expression upon MYBL2 silencing. However, luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays demonstrated MYBL2's positive regulation of SMO expression by directly targeting the SMO promoter. Reintroduction of SMO expression in MYBL2-knocked down cells partially restored cell proliferation and mitigated apoptosis inhibition. Overall, these results indicate that MYBL2 facilitates ccRCC progression by enhancing SMO expression, suggesting its potential as an intriguing drug target for ccRCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mengchao Wei
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Xue
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Zhaoheng Jin
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Jie dong
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - He Xiao
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100000, China
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8
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Guo YW, Zhu L, Duan YT, Hu YQ, Li LB, Fan WJ, Song FH, Cai YF, Liu YY, Zheng GW, Ge MH. Ruxolitinib induces apoptosis and pyroptosis of anaplastic thyroid cancer via the transcriptional inhibition of DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:125. [PMID: 38336839 PMCID: PMC10858168 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06511-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) has a 100% disease-specific mortality rate. The JAK1/2-STAT3 pathway presents a promising target for treating hematologic and solid tumors. However, it is unknown whether the JAK1/2-STAT3 pathway is activated in ATC, and the anti-cancer effects and the mechanism of action of its inhibitor, ruxolitinib (Ruxo, a clinical JAK1/2 inhibitor), remain elusive. Our data indicated that the JAK1/2-STAT3 signaling pathway is significantly upregulated in ATC tumor tissues than in normal thyroid and papillary thyroid cancer tissues. Apoptosis and GSDME-pyroptosis were observed in ATC cells following the in vitro and in vivo administration of Ruxo. Mechanistically, Ruxo suppresses the phosphorylation of STAT3, resulting in the repression of DRP1 transactivation and causing mitochondrial fission deficiency. This deficiency is essential for activating caspase 9/3-dependent apoptosis and GSDME-mediated pyroptosis within ATC cells. In conclusion, our findings indicate DRP1 is directly regulated and transactivated by STAT3; this exhibits a novel and crucial aspect of JAK1/2-STAT3 on the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. In ATC, the transcriptional inhibition of DRP1 by Ruxo hampered mitochondrial division and triggered apoptosis and GSDME-pyroptosis through caspase 9/3-dependent mechanisms. These results provide compelling evidence for the potential therapeutic effectiveness of Ruxo in treating ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Guo
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
- Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Fifth Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui City, Zhejiang, 323000, China
| | - Yan-Ting Duan
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Qun Hu
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Le-Bao Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Wei-Jiao Fan
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Fa-Huan Song
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
- Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye-Feng Cai
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun-Ye Liu
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Guo-Wan Zheng
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ming-Hua Ge
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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9
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Rao X, Qiao Z, Yang Y, Deng Y, Zhang Z, Yu X, Guo X. Unveiling Epigenetic Vulnerabilities in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer through 3D Organoid Drug Screening. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:225. [PMID: 38399440 PMCID: PMC10892330 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) poses a therapeutic challenge due to its aggressive nature and lack of targeted therapies. Epigenetic modifications contribute to TNBC tumorigenesis and drug resistance, offering potential therapeutic targets. Recent advancements in three-dimensional (3D) organoid cultures, enabling precise drug screening, hold immense promise for identifying novel compounds targeting TNBC. In this study, we established two patient-derived TNBC organoids and implemented a high-throughput drug screening system using these organoids and two TNBC cell lines. Screening a library of 169 epigenetic compounds, we found that organoid-based systems offer remarkable precision in drug response assessment compared to cell-based models. The top 30 compounds showing the highest drug sensitivity in the initial screening were further assessed in a secondary screen. Four compounds, panobinostat, pacritinib, TAK-901, and JIB-04, targeting histone deacetylase, JAK/STAT, histone demethylases, and aurora kinase pathways, respectively, exhibited potent anti-tumor activity in TNBC organoids, surpassing the effect of paclitaxel. Our study highlights the potential of these novel epigenetic drugs as effective therapeutic agents for TNBC and demonstrates the valuable role of patient-derived organoids in advancing drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Rao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.R.); (Z.Q.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhibin Qiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.R.); (Z.Q.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.R.); (Z.Q.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.R.); (Z.Q.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.R.); (Z.Q.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.R.); (Z.Q.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaomao Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.R.); (Z.Q.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai 200032, China
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10
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Wei XH, Liu YY. Potential applications of JAK inhibitors, clinically approved drugs against autoimmune diseases, in cancer therapy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1326281. [PMID: 38235120 PMCID: PMC10792058 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1326281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in immunoregulation may lead to both cancer and autoimmune diseases. Many therapeutic drugs for autoimmune diseases also display anti-tumor efficacy. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathways are involved in the secretion of more than 50 distinct cytokines, which have critical roles in inducing autoimmune diseases and tumorigenesis. Thus, Janus kinases have become classical immunotherapeutic targets for immune disease. More than 70 Janus kinase inhibitors have been approved as immunomodulatory drugs for clinical use, of which 12 are used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. This systematic review aims to elucidate the anti-tumor role of clinically approved Janus kinase inhibitors that were primarily designed for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and their potential for clinical translation as cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Huan Wei
- Respiratory and Critical Care Department, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Oncology Department, People’s Hospital of Peixian, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Respiratory and Critical Care Department, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Zaarour RF, Ribeiro M, Azzarone B, Kapoor S, Chouaib S. Tumor microenvironment-induced tumor cell plasticity: relationship with hypoxic stress and impact on tumor resistance. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1222575. [PMID: 37886168 PMCID: PMC10598765 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1222575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of tumor interaction with stromal components during carcinogenesis is crucial for the design of efficient cancer treatment approaches. It is widely admitted that tumor hypoxic stress is associated with tumor aggressiveness and thus impacts susceptibility and resistance to different types of treatments. Notable biological processes that hypoxia functions in include its regulation of tumor heterogeneity and plasticity. While hypoxia has been reported as a major player in tumor survival and dissemination regulation, the significance of hypoxia inducible factors in cancer stem cell development remains poorly understood. Several reports indicate that the emergence of cancer stem cells in addition to their phenotype and function within a hypoxic tumor microenvironment impacts cancer progression. In this respect, evidence showed that cancer stem cells are key elements of intratumoral heterogeneity and more importantly are responsible for tumor relapse and escape to treatments. This paper briefly reviews our current knowledge of the interaction between tumor hypoxic stress and its role in stemness acquisition and maintenance. Our review extensively covers the influence of hypoxia on the formation and maintenance of cancer stem cells and discusses the potential of targeting hypoxia-induced alterations in the expression and function of the so far known stem cell markers in cancer therapy approaches. We believe that a better and integrated understanding of the effect of hypoxia on stemness during carcinogenesis might lead to new strategies for exploiting hypoxia-associated pathways and their targeting in the clinical setting in order to overcome resistance mechanisms. More importantly, at the present time, efforts are oriented towards the design of innovative therapeutical approaches that specifically target cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- RF. Zaarour
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - M. Ribeiro
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - B. Azzarone
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S. Kapoor
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - S. Chouaib
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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12
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Shivnani P, Shekhawat S, Prajapati A. Cancer Cachexia and breast cancer stem cell signalling - A crosstalk of signalling molecules. Cell Signal 2023; 110:110847. [PMID: 37557973 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer Cachexia is a condition characterized by the involuntary loss of lean body mass, a negative protein and energy balance, and systemic inflammation. This syndrome profoundly impacts the patient's quality of life and is linked to poor chemotherapy response and reduced survival. Despite multiple mechanisms being implicated in its development, and various cytokines believed to contribute to the persistent catabolic state, cachexia is still not fully recognized and is often left untreated. Cachexia is caused by altered metabolic adaptation and lack of anticactic therapy due to systemic cytokines promoting and fuelling cancer growth. The exact molecular mechanisms and clinical endpoints remain poorly defined. It has an occurrence rate of 30%-80%, accounting for 20% of total cancer mortality. Tumor cells remodel the microenvironment suitable for their proliferation, wherein they communicate with fibroblast cells to modulate their expression and induce tumor progressive cytokines. Several studies have reported its strong correlation with systemic cytokines that initiate and aggravate the condition. Plenty of studies show the prominent role of cancer-induced cachexia in pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, and lung cancer. However, limited data are available for breast cancer-induced cachexia, highlighting the need for studying it. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a prominently explored area in breast cancer research. They are characterized by CD44+/CD24-/ALDH+ expression and are a focus of cancer research. They are a source of renewal and differentiation within the tumor environment and are responsible for progression, and chemotherapeutic resistance. The tumor microenvironment and its cytokines are responsible for maintaining and inducing their differentiation. Cytokines significantly impact BCSC development and self-renewal, stimulating or inhibiting proliferation depending on cytokine and environment. Pro-inflammatory mediators like IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8 increase proliferation, promoting tumor growth. Experimental models and clinical studies have shown a direct relationship between cytokines and BCSC proliferation. Several of them seem to be interconnected as they initiate signalling down different pathways but converge at BCSC increase and tumor proliferation. This review highlights the common pathways between cachexia and BCSC signalling, to identify potential therapeutic targets that can aid both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Shivnani
- Biotechnology, School of Science, GSFC University, Vadodara 391750, India
| | - Saroj Shekhawat
- Biotechnology, School of Science, GSFC University, Vadodara 391750, India
| | - Akhilesh Prajapati
- Biotechnology, School of Science, GSFC University, Vadodara 391750, India.
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13
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Jahangiri A, Ezzeddini R, Zounemat Kermani N, Bahrami F, Salek Farrokhi A. Combination of STAT3 inhibitor with Herceptin reduced immune checkpoints expression and provoked anti-breast cancer immunity: An in vitro study. Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13300. [PMID: 38441231 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent diagnosed cancer among women. Herceptin blocks the effects of Her-2 and tumour cell growth. Despite many achievements using Herceptin in Her-2+ invasive BC treatment, there are treatment failures and resistances. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is persistently activated in BC and is associated with immune suppression and tumour cell proliferation. We evaluated whether STAT3 inhibition could increase Herceptin impact on in vitro reduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors and polarize T cells to a protective immune response. We treated SK-BR-3 cells with Herceptin and the STAT3-inhibitor (FLLL32) and assessed the apoptosis and expression of apoptosis-related proteins, VEGF, Her-2 and apoptosis targets of STAT3. PBMCs were isolated from healthy donors and co-cultured with SK-BR-3 cells in the presence or absence of Herceptin and FLLL32. PD-L1, CTLA-4, TIM-3 and T-cell intracellular cytokines were then evaluated. Our results demonstrated that STAT3 inhibition and Herceptin increased SK-BR-3 cell apoptosis, significantly. STAT3 inhibition through combination treatment had a more significant effect on regulating PD-1, TIM-3 and CTLA-4 expression on PBMCs. Alternatively, the combination of FLLL32 and Herceptin promoted T helper-1 protective immune response. The combination of FLLL32 and Herceptin suppress the expression of immune checkpoints and provoke the T-helper1 immune response in lymphocytes. Our analysis indicates STAT3 as a promising target that improves Herceptin's role in breast cancer cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Jahangiri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rana Ezzeddini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fariborz Bahrami
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Zheng C, Mao C, Tang K, Shu H. VSIG4 Silencing Inhibits Glioblastoma Growth by Regulating the JAK2/STAT3 Pathway. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:1397-1408. [PMID: 37292180 PMCID: PMC10246575 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s406782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumour in adults. VSIG4 has been identified to be associated with GBM. We aimed to determine the downstream regulatory mechanisms of VSIG4 in GBM. Methods Differential expression of VSIG4 was analysed using GEPIA. The expression of VSIG4 was assessed by RT-qPCR and its downstream genes were screened by transcriptome sequencing. The expression of pyroptosis-related proteins and the JAK2/STAT3 pathway was measured by Western blotting. GBM cell viability, migration, and invasion were detected using CCK-8, scratch, and Transwell assays. The levels of pyroptosis-related factors were measured using ELISA. The effect of VSIG4 on GBM tumour growth in vivo was explored by constructing a xenograft tumour model. Results VSIG4 expression was upregulated in GBM. Functionally, silencing of VSIG4 inhibited proliferation, invasion, and migration of U251 and LN229 cells, and promoted pyroptosis. Mechanically, transcriptome sequencing revealed that the JAK2/STAT3 pathway might be a downstream regulator of VSIG4. Further studies proved that silencing of VSIG4 enhanced the expression of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3, and the JAK2/STAT3 pathway inhibitor relieved the suppression of VSIG4 silencing on GBM cell viability, invasion, and migration. Furthermore, in vivo experiments further validated that knockdown of VSIG4 inhibited the growth of GBM tumors. Conclusion In GBM, silencing VSIG4 promoted pyroptosis and inhibited tumor progression by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congying Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengliang Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Borlongan MC, Wang H. Profiling and targeting cancer stem cell signaling pathways for cancer therapeutics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1125174. [PMID: 37305676 PMCID: PMC10247984 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1125174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenic cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a subpopulation of cells within the tumor that express genetic and phenotypic profiles and signaling pathways distinct from the other tumor cells. CSCs have eluded many conventional anti-oncogenic treatments, resulting in metastases and relapses of cancers. Effectively targeting CSCs' unique self-renewal and differentiation properties would be a breakthrough in cancer therapy. A better characterization of the CSCs' unique signaling mechanisms will improve our understanding of the pathology and treatment of cancer. In this paper, we will discuss CSC origin, followed by an in-depth review of CSC-associated signaling pathways. Particular emphasis is given on CSC signaling pathways' ligand-receptor engagement, upstream and downstream mechanisms, and associated genes, and molecules. Signaling pathways associated with regulation of CSC development stand as potential targets of CSC therapy, which include Wnt, TGFβ (transforming growth factor-β)/SMAD, Notch, JAK-STAT (Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription), Hedgehog (Hh), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Lastly, we will also discuss milestone discoveries in CSC-based therapies, including pre-clinical and clinical studies featuring novel CSC signaling pathway cancer therapeutics. This review aims at generating innovative views on CSCs toward a better understanding of cancer pathology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia C. Borlongan
- Master Program of Pharmaceutical Science College of Graduate Studies, Elk Grove, CA, United States
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Master Program of Pharmaceutical Science College of Graduate Studies, Elk Grove, CA, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, Elk Grove, CA, United States
- Department of Basic Science College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, United States
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16
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Dong H, Zeng L, Chen W, Zhang Q, Wang F, Wu Y, Cui B, Qi J, Zhang X, Liu C, Deng J, Yu Y, Schmitt CA, Du J. N6-methyladenine-mediated aberrant activation of the lncRNA SOX2OT-GLI1 loop promotes non-small-cell lung cancer stemness. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:149. [PMID: 37149646 PMCID: PMC10164154 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01442-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the advent of precision medicine and immunotherapy, mortality due to lung cancer remains high. The sonic hedgehog (SHH) cascade and its key terminal factor, glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1), play a pivotal role in the stemness and drug resistance of lung cancer. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism of non-canonical aberrant GLI1 upregulation. The SHH cascade was upregulated in stem spheres and chemo-resistant lung cancer cells and was accountable for drug resistance against multiple chemotherapy regimens. GLI1 and the long non-coding RNA SOX2OT were positively regulated, and the GLI1-SOX2OT loop mediated the proliferation of parental and stem-like lung cancer cells. Further mechanistic investigation revealed that SOX2OT facilitated METTL3/14/IGF2BP2-mediated m6A modification and stabilization of the GLI1 mRNA. Additionally, SOX2OT upregulated METTL3/14/IGF2BP2 by sponging miR-186-5p. Functional analysis corroborated that GLI1 acted as a downstream target of METTL3/14/IGF2BP2, and GLI1 silencing could block the oncogenicity of lung cancer stem-like cells. Pharmacological inhibition of the loop remarkably inhibited the oncogenesis of lung cancer cells in vivo. Compared with paired adjacent normal tissues, lung cancer specimens exhibited consistently upregulated GLI1/SOX2OT/METTL3/14/IGF2BP2. The m6A-modified GLI1-SOX2OT loop may serve as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic predictor for lung cancer therapy and diagnosis in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Dong
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lili Zeng
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wu
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bingjie Cui
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Xin Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China
- Department of Hematology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China
| | - Cuilan Liu
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiong Deng
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yu
- Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Clemens A Schmitt
- Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040, Linz, Austria.
- Kepler University Hospital, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Krankenhausstraße 9, 4020, Linz, Austria.
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, and Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum - MKFZ, Campus Virchow Klinikum, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße, 1013125, Berlin, Germany.
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (German Cancer Consortium), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jing Du
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China.
- Department of Oncology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256600, Binzhou, P. R. China.
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17
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Cao Y, Li Y, Liu R, Zhou J, Wang K. Preclinical and Basic Research Strategies for Overcoming Resistance to Targeted Therapies in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092568. [PMID: 37174034 PMCID: PMC10177527 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The amplification of epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is associated with a poor prognosis and HER2 gene is overexpressed in approximately 15-30% of breast cancers. In HER2-positive breast cancer patients, HER2-targeted therapies improved clinical outcomes and survival rates. However, drug resistance to anti-HER2 drugs is almost unavoidable, leaving some patients with an unmet need for better prognoses. Therefore, exploring strategies to delay or revert drug resistance is urgent. In recent years, new targets and regimens have emerged continuously. This review discusses the fundamental mechanisms of drug resistance in the targeted therapies of HER2-positive breast cancer and summarizes recent research progress in this field, including preclinical and basic research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yunjin Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Kuansong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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18
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Chen B, Ning K, Sun ML, Zhang XA. Regulation and therapy, the role of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in OA: a systematic review. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:67. [PMID: 37013568 PMCID: PMC10071628 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01094-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial chronic disease primarily characterized by the degeneration of articular cartilage. Currently, there is a lack of effective treatments for OA other than surgery. The exploration of the mechanisms of occurrence is important in exploring other new and effective treatments for OA. The current evidence shows that the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway plays a vital role in cytogenesis and is involved in OA progression. The terms "JAK2", "STAT3", and "Osteoarthritis"were used in a comprehensive literature search in PubMed to further investigate the relationship between the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and OA. This review focuses on the role and mechanism of JAK2/STAT3 signaling in cartilage degradation, subchondral bone dysfunction, and synovial inflammation. In addition, this review summarizes recent evidence of therapeutic approaches to treat OA by targeting the JAK2/STAT3 pathway to accelerate the translation of evidence into the progression of strategies for OA treatment. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ke Ning
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming-Li Sun
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin-An Zhang
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China.
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19
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Xu L, Han F, Zhu L, Ding W, Zhang K, Kan C, Hou N, Li Q, Sun X. Advances in understanding the role and mechanisms of tumor stem cells in HER2-positive breast cancer treatment resistance (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 62:48. [PMID: 36866766 PMCID: PMC9990588 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 15-20% of breast carcinomas exhibit human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) protein overexpression. HER2-positive breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous and aggressive subtype with poor prognosis and high relapse risk. Although several anti-HER2 drugs have achieved substantial efficacy, certain patients with HER2-positive BC relapse due to drug resistance after a treatment period. There is increasing evidence that BC stem cells (BCSCs) drive therapeutic resistance and a high rate of BC recurrence. BCSCs may regulate cellular self-renewal and differentiation, as well as invasive metastasis and treatment resistance. Efforts to target BCSCs may yield new methods to improve patient outcomes. In the present review, the roles of BCSCs in the occurrence, development and management of BC treatment resistance were summarized; BCSC-targeted strategies for the treatment of HER2-positive BC were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfei Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Ding
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Chengxia Kan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Ningning Hou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Qinying Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
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20
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Yan CY, Zhao ML, Wei YN, Zhao XH. Mechanisms of drug resistance in breast cancer liver metastases: Dilemmas and opportunities. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 28:212-229. [PMID: 36860815 PMCID: PMC9969274 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in females worldwide, and the liver is one of the most common sites of distant metastases in breast cancer patients. Patients with breast cancer liver metastases face limited treatment options, and drug resistance is highly prevalent, leading to a poor prognosis and a short survival. Liver metastases respond extremely poorly to immunotherapy and have shown resistance to treatments such as chemotherapy and targeted therapies. Therefore, to develop and to optimize treatment strategies as well as to explore potential therapeutic approaches, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms of drug resistance in breast cancer liver metastases patients. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the research of drug resistance mechanisms in breast cancer liver metastases and discuss their therapeutic potential for improving patient prognoses and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Yan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-Lu Zhao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Nan Wei
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi-He Zhao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Montoyo-Pujol YG, García-Escolano M, Ponce JJ, Delgado-García S, Martín TA, Ballester H, Castellón-Molla E, Martínez-Peinado P, Pascual-García S, Sempere-Ortells JM, Peiró G. Variable Intrinsic Expression of Immunoregulatory Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Cell Lines, Mammospheres, and Co-Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4478. [PMID: 36901916 PMCID: PMC10003642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in immunotherapy have increased interest in knowing the role of the immune system in breast cancer (BC) pathogenesis. Therefore, immune checkpoints (IC) and other pathways related to immune regulation, such as JAK2 and FoXO1, have emerged as potential targets for BC treatment. However, their intrinsic gene expression in vitro has not been extensively studied in this neoplasia. Thus, we evaluated the mRNA expression of tumor-cell-intrinsic CTLA-4, PDCD1 (PD1), CD274 (PD-L1), PDCD1LG2 (PD-L2), CD276 (B7-H3), JAK2, and FoXO1 in different BC cell lines, derived mammospheres, and co-cultures with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Our results showed that intrinsic CTLA-4, CD274 (PD-L1), and PDCD1LG2 (PD-L2) were highly expressed in triple-negative cell lines, while CD276 was predominantly overexpressed in luminal cell lines. In contrast, JAK2 and FoXO1 were under-expressed. Moreover, high levels of CTLA-4, PDCD1 (PD1), CD274 (PD-L1), PDCD1LG2 (PD-L2), and JAK2 were found after mammosphere formation. Finally, the interaction between BC cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulates the intrinsic expression of CTLA-4, PCDC1 (PD1), CD274 (PD-L1), and PDCD1LG2 (PD-L2). In conclusion, the intrinsic expression of immunoregulatory genes seems very dynamic, depending on BC phenotype, culture conditions, and tumor-immune cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoel Genaro Montoyo-Pujol
- Research Unit, Dr. Balmis University General Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Pintor Baeza 12, 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Dr. Balmis University General Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Pintor Baeza 12, 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Marta García-Escolano
- Research Unit, Dr. Balmis University General Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Pintor Baeza 12, 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - José J. Ponce
- Medical Oncology Department, Dr. Balmis University General Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Pintor Baeza 12, 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Silvia Delgado-García
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Dr. Balmis University General Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Pintor Baeza 12, 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Tina Aurora Martín
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Dr. Balmis University General Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Pintor Baeza 12, 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Hortensia Ballester
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Dr. Balmis University General Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Pintor Baeza 12, 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Elena Castellón-Molla
- Pathology Department, Dr. Balmis University General Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Pintor Baeza 12, 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Pascual Martínez-Peinado
- Biotechnology Department, Immunology Division, University of Alicante, Ctra San Vicente s/n., 03080 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Sandra Pascual-García
- Biotechnology Department, Immunology Division, University of Alicante, Ctra San Vicente s/n., 03080 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - José Miguel Sempere-Ortells
- Biotechnology Department, Immunology Division, University of Alicante, Ctra San Vicente s/n., 03080 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Pintor Baeza 12, 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Gloria Peiró
- Research Unit, Dr. Balmis University General Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Pintor Baeza 12, 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Pathology Department, Dr. Balmis University General Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Pintor Baeza 12, 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Biotechnology Department, Immunology Division, University of Alicante, Ctra San Vicente s/n., 03080 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
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22
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Preclinical and Clinical Trials of New Treatment Strategies Targeting Cancer Stem Cells in Subtypes of Breast Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050720. [PMID: 36899854 PMCID: PMC10001180 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) can be classified into various histological subtypes, each associated with different prognoses and treatment options, including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and endocrine therapy. Despite advances in this area, many patients still face treatment failure, the risk of metastasis, and disease recurrence, which can ultimately lead to death. Mammary tumors, like other solid tumors, contain a population of small cells known as cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) that have high tumorigenic potential and are involved in cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, tumor recurrence, and resistance to therapy. Therefore, designing therapies specifically targeting at CSCs could help to control the growth of this cell population, leading to increased survival rates for BC patients. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of CSCs, their surface biomarkers, and the active signaling pathways associated with the acquisition of stemness in BC. We also cover preclinical and clinical studies that focus on evaluating new therapy systems targeted at CSCs in BC through various combinations of treatments, targeted delivery systems, and potential new drugs that inhibit the properties that allow these cells to survive and proliferate.
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23
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Re-Sensitizing Cancer Stem Cells to Conventional Chemotherapy Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032122. [PMID: 36768445 PMCID: PMC9917165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are found in many cancer types. They comprise a distinct subpopulation of cells within the tumor that exhibit properties of stem cells. They express a number of cell surface markers, such as CD133, CD44, ALDH, and EpCAM, as well as embryonic transcription factors Oct4, Nanog, and SOX2. CSCs are more resistant to conventional chemotherapy and can potentially drive tumor relapse. Therefore, it is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms that drive chemoresistance and to target them with specific therapy effectively. Highly conserved developmental signaling pathways such as Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch are commonly reported to play a role in CSCs chemoresistance development. Studies show that particular pathway inhibitors combined with conventional therapy may re-establish sensitivity to the conventional therapy. Another significant contributor of chemoresistance is a specific tumor microenvironment. Surrounding stroma in the form of cancer-associated fibroblasts, macrophages, endothelial cells, and extracellular matrix components produce cytokines and other factors, thus creating a favorable environment and decreasing the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy. Anti-stromal agents may potentially help to overcome these effects. Epigenetic changes and autophagy were also among the commonly reported mechanisms of chemoresistance. This review provides an overview of signaling pathway components involved in the development of chemoresistance of CSCs and gathers evidence from experimental studies in which CSCs can be re-sensitized to conventional chemotherapy agents across different cancer types.
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24
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Fluoride in the Central Nervous System and Its Potential Influence on the Development and Invasiveness of Brain Tumours-A Research Hypothesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021558. [PMID: 36675073 PMCID: PMC9866357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to attempt to outline the potential role of fluoride in the pathogenesis of brain tumours, including glioblastoma (GBM). In this paper, we show for the first time that fluoride can potentially affect the generally accepted signalling pathways implicated in the formation and clinical course of GBM. Fluorine compounds easily cross the blood-brain barrier. Enhanced oxidative stress, disruption of multiple cellular pathways, and microglial activation are just a few examples of recent reports on the role of fluoride in the central nervous system (CNS). We sought to present the key mechanisms underlying the development and invasiveness of GBM, as well as evidence on the current state of knowledge about the pleiotropic, direct, or indirect involvement of fluoride in the regulation of these mechanisms in various tissues, including neural and tumour tissue. The effects of fluoride on the human body are still a matter of controversy. However, given the growing incidence of brain tumours, especially in children, and numerous reports on the effects of fluoride on the CNS, it is worth taking a closer look at these mechanisms in the context of brain tumours, including gliomas.
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25
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Yang Z, Xu H, Yang Y, Duan C, Zhang P, Wang Y, Fu K, Shen Y, Xu MX. Synthesis and evaluation of naphthalene derivatives as potent STAT3 inhibitors and agents against triple-negative breast cancer growth and metastasis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 197:255-267. [PMID: 36369502 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents the worst prognostic subtype of breast cancer and lacks targeted therapeutic drugs. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is overexpressed and constitutively activated in TNBCs and associated with poor patient outcomes. However, no agents targeting STAT3 have been successfully developed and marketed. Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) have been reported as potential inhibitors of the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Naphthalene compounds have good pharmacological activity and significant anti-cancer activity. In this study, we synthesized a new series of naphthalene derivatives with the general structure of SERM and evaluated their effects on TNBC and STAT3 signals. METHODS A new series of compounds based on the scaffold of SERMs and an amino group were designed and screened based on the structure-activity relationship by MTT assay. The binding activity of SMY002 to STAT3 was predicted and validated by docking and SPR. The STAT3 signaling target and anti-cancer effects of SMY002 were evaluated with three TNBC cell lines and the mice transplanted tumor model. RESULTS Among the compounds, SMY002 displayed the most potent activity, which could directly interact with STAT3 SH2-domain, and strongly inhibit the phosphorylation, dimerization, nuclear distribution, transcriptional activity, and target genes expression of STAT3. Furthermore, SMY002 markedly suppressed migration, invasion, survival, growth, and metastasis of TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo via down-regulating the expression of Cyclin D1 and MMP9. CONCLUSIONS SMY002 can significantly inhibit the growth and metastasis of TNBC cells by targeting the STAT3 signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyan Yang
- Henan International Joint Lab for Anti-Cancer Drug Design Based On Biological Target and Drug Discovery, Henan Ruida Bio-Tech Medicine Co. Ltd, Kaifeng, 475000, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Hongyun Xu
- Henan International Joint Lab for Anti-Cancer Drug Design Based On Biological Target and Drug Discovery, Henan Ruida Bio-Tech Medicine Co. Ltd, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Yupo Yang
- Henan International Joint Lab for Anti-Cancer Drug Design Based On Biological Target and Drug Discovery, Henan Ruida Bio-Tech Medicine Co. Ltd, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Chaoqun Duan
- Henan International Joint Lab for Anti-Cancer Drug Design Based On Biological Target and Drug Discovery, Henan Ruida Bio-Tech Medicine Co. Ltd, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Pai Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, 14263-0001, USA
| | - Yonghong Shen
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Marvin Xuejun Xu
- Henan International Joint Lab for Anti-Cancer Drug Design Based On Biological Target and Drug Discovery, Henan Ruida Bio-Tech Medicine Co. Ltd, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
- Translational Medical Center, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, 471009, China.
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26
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He L, Liu J, Zhao HL, Zhang LC, Yu RL, Kang CM. De novo design of dual-target JAK2, SMO inhibitors based on deep reinforcement learning, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 638:23-27. [PMID: 36436338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and HER2-positive breast cancer are particularly aggressive and the effectiveness of current therapies for them is limited. TNBC lacks effective therapies and HER2-positive cancer is often resistant to HER2-targeted drugs after an initial response. The recent studies have demonstrated that the combination of JAK2 inhibitors and SMO inhibitors can effectively inhibit the growth and metastasis of TNBC and HER2-positive drug resistant breast cancer cells. In this study, deep reinforcement learning was used to learn the characteristics of existing small molecule inhibitors of JAK2 and SMO, and to generate a novel library of small molecule compounds that may be able to inhibit both JAK2 and SMO. Subsequently, the molecule library was screened by molecular docking and a total of 7 compounds were selected out as dual inhibitors of JAK2 and SMO. Molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energies showed that the top three compounds stably bound to both JAK2 and SMO proteins. The binding free energies and hydrogen bond occupancy of key amino acids indicate that A8976 and A10625 has good properties and could be a potential dual-target inhibitor of JAK2 and SMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Jin Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Hui-Lin Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Li-Chuan Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Ri-Lei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Cong-Min Kang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
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27
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Structural optimization of Imidazo[1, 2-a]pyridine derivatives for the treatment of gastric cancer via STAT3 signaling pathway. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Wong GL, Manore SG, Doheny DL, Lo HW. STAT family of transcription factors in breast cancer: Pathogenesis and therapeutic opportunities and challenges. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:84-106. [PMID: 35995341 PMCID: PMC9714692 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and second-leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) promote metastasis and therapeutic resistance contributing to tumor relapse. Through activating genes important for BCSCs, transcription factors contribute to breast cancer metastasis and therapeutic resistance, including the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family of transcription factors. The STAT family consists of six major isoforms, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5, and STAT6. Canonical STAT signaling is activated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a cell-surface receptor followed by STAT phosphorylation, leading to STAT nuclear translocation and transactivation of target genes. It is important to note that STAT transcription factors exhibit diverse effects in breast cancer; some are either pro- or anti-tumorigenic while others maintain dual, context-dependent roles. Among the STAT transcription factors, STAT3 is the most widely studied STAT protein in breast cancer for its critical roles in promoting BCSCs, breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune evasion. Consequently, there have been substantial efforts in developing cancer therapeutics to target breast cancer with dysregulated STAT3 signaling. In this comprehensive review, we will summarize the diverse roles that each STAT family member plays in breast cancer pathobiology, as well as, the opportunities and challenges in pharmacologically targeting STAT proteins and their upstream activators in the context of breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace L Wong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sara G Manore
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Daniel L Doheny
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Breast Cancer Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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29
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Cancer stem cell markers interplay with chemoresistance in triple negative breast cancer: A therapeutic perspective. Bull Cancer 2022; 109:960-971. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Sadrkhanloo M, Entezari M, Orouei S, Ghollasi M, Fathi N, Rezaei S, Hejazi ES, Kakavand A, Saebfar H, Hashemi M, Goharrizi MASB, Salimimoghadam S, Rashidi M, Taheriazam A, Samarghandian S. STAT3-EMT axis in tumors: modulation of cancer metastasis, stemness and therapy response. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106311. [PMID: 35716914 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mechanism is responsible for metastasis of tumor cells and their spread to various organs and tissues of body, providing undesirable prognosis. In addition to migration, EMT increases stemness and mediates therapy resistance. Hence, pathways involved in EMT regulation should be highlighted. STAT3 is an oncogenic pathway that can elevate growth rate and migratory ability of cancer cells and induce drug resistance. The inhibition of STAT3 signaling impairs cancer progression and promotes chemotherapy-mediated cell death. Present review focuses on STAT3 and EMT interaction in modulating cancer migration. First of all, STAT3 is an upstream mediator of EMT and is able to induce EMT-mediated metastasis in brain tumors, thoracic cancers and gastrointestinal cancers. Therefore, STAT3 inhibition significantly suppresses cancer metastasis and improves prognosis of patients. EMT regulators such as ZEB1/2 proteins, TGF-β, Twist, Snail and Slug are affected by STAT3 signaling to stimulate cancer migration and invasion. Different molecular pathways such as miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs modulate STAT3/EMT axis. Furthermore, we discuss how STAT3 and EMT interaction affects therapy response of cancer cells. Finally, we demonstrate targeting STAT3/EMT axis by anti-tumor agents and clinical application of this axis for improving patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdokht Sadrkhanloo
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Orouei
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ghollasi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Fathi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shamin Rezaei
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Sadat Hejazi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Kakavand
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Saebfar
- European University Association, League of European Research Universities, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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31
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Liu P, Zeng J, Yang G. Expression of yes‑associated protein, β‑catenin and smoothened, and their clinical significance in invasive breast cancer. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:429. [PMID: 35607374 PMCID: PMC9121206 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression profile and role of yes-associated protein (YAP) in occurrence and development of breast cancer is ambiguous. The present study aimed to explore the relationship among the YAP, β-catenin and smoothened (SMO) signaling pathways to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of invasive breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the protein expression levels of YAP, β-catenin and SMO in tumor, tumor-adjacent and normal breast tissue. The possible association between the expression levels of these three proteins and the clinicopathological features of patients with breast cancer was then analyzed by the χ2 test. The protein expression of YAP was found to be downregulated, whilst β-catenin and SMO expression were found to be upregulated in tumor tissues as compared with that in normal breast tissues. In addition, the expression of YAP in breast cancer tissues was found to be associated with that of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), progesterone and estrogen receptors. By contrast, the protein expression of β-catenin and SMO in breast cancer tissues was only associated with HER2. There was a negative correlation between the expression of YAP and SMO protein in breast cancer tissues. Compared with that in the changes in each of YAP, β-catenin and SMO protein expression levels individually, their combined changes in expression were demonstrated to associate significantly with the tumor histological grade. To conclude, data from the present study suggest that the combined protein expression of YAP, β-catenin and SMO can be used as a prognostic indicator for the treatment of invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Gaohua Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
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Jin W, Zhang T, Zhou W, He P, Sun Y, Hu S, Chen H, Ma X, Peng Y, Yi Z, Liu M, Chen Y. Discovery of 2-Amino-3-cyanothiophene Derivatives as Potent STAT3 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Osteosarcoma Growth and Metastasis. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6710-6728. [PMID: 35476936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is one of the most common malignant bone tumors. However, the treatment and clinical outcomes of osteosarcoma have hardly changed over the past three decades due to the comprehensive heterogeneity and higher rate of mutation of osteosarcoma. Recent studies have shown that STAT3 has the potential to suppress the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma. In this study, a novel class of 2-amino-3-cyanothiophene derivatives were designed and synthesized to inhibit osteosarcoma by targeting STAT3. Representative compound 6f showed potent antiproliferative effects against osteosarcoma cells, directly bound to the STAT3 SH2 domain with a KD of 0.46 μM, and inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 Y705 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, compound 6f promoted osteosarcoma cell apoptosis in vitro and significantly suppressed the growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma in vivo. These findings demonstrate that targeting STAT3 may be a feasible therapeutic strategy for the treatment of metastatic osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangrui Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Wenbo Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Peng He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shijia Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Huang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xinglong Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yangrui Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhengfang Yi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yihua Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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Hegde M, Daimary UD, Kumar A, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Shakibaei M, Kunnumakkara AB. STAT3/HIF1A and EMT specific transcription factors regulated genes: Novel predictors of breast cancer metastasis. Gene X 2022; 818:146245. [PMID: 35074419 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis, the fatal hallmark of breast cancer (BC), is a serious hurdle for therapy. Current prognostic approaches are not sufficient to predict the metastasis risk for BC patients. Therefore, in the present study, we analyzed gene expression data from GSE139038 and TCGA database to develop predictive markers for BC metastasis. Initially, the data from GSE139038 which contained 65 samples consisting of 41 breast tumor tissues, 18 paired morphologically normal tissues and 6 from non-malignant breast tissues were analyzed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). DEGs were obtained from three different comparisons: paired morphologically normal (MN) versus tumor samples (C), apparently normal (AN) versus tumor samples (C), and paired morphologically normal (MN) versus apparently normal samples (AN). Multiple bioinformatic methods were employed to evaluate metastasis, EMT and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) specific genes. Further, regulation of gene expression, clinicopathological factors and DNA methylation patterns of DEGs in BC were validated with TCGA datasets. Our bioinformatic analysis showed that 40 genes were upregulated and 294 were found to be downregulated between AN vs C; 124 were upregulated and 760 genes were downregulated between MN vs C; 4 were upregulated and 13 were downregulated between MN vs AN. Analysis using TCGA dataset revealed 18 genes were significantly altered in nodal positive BC patients compared to nodal negative BC patients. Our study showed novel candidate genes as predictive markers for BC metastasis which can also be used for therapeutic targets for BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India; DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Uzini Devi Daimary
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India; DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India; DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India; DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India.
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Unveiling Potential Mechanisms of Spatholobi Caulis against Lung Metastasis of Malignant Tumor by Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1620539. [PMID: 35356244 PMCID: PMC8959948 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1620539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Lung metastasis of malignant tumor signifies worse prognosis and immensely deteriorates patients' life quality. Spatholobi Caulis (SC) has been reported to reduce lung metastasis, but the mechanism remains elusive. Methods The active components and corresponding targets of SC were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) database and the SwissTargetPrediction database. The disease targets were acquired from DisGeNET and GeneCards databases. Venn map was composed to figure out intersection targets by using R. The PPI network was constructed through STRING and Cytoscape, and MCODE plug-in was used to sift hub targets. Gene Ontology (GO)-Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was carried out by utilizing clusterProfiler package (R3.6.1) with adjusted P value <0.05. Network of SC-active components-intersection targets-KEGG pathway was accomplished with Cytoscape. Molecular docking between hub targets and active components was performed, analyzed, and visualized by AutoDockTools, AutoDock Vina, PLIP Web tool, and PYMOL. Results 24 active components and 123 corresponding targets were screened, and the number of disease targets and intersection targets was 1074 and 47, respectively. RELA, JUN, MAPK1, MAPK14, STAT3, IL-4, ESR1, and TP53 were the 8 hub targets. GO analysis and KEGG analysis elucidated that SC could ameliorate lung metastasis mainly by intervening oxidative stress, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, and microRNAs in cancer. All 8 hub targets were proven to combine successfully with active components of SC. Conclusion Inflammation is the core factor that integrates all these targets, biological process, and signaling pathways, which indicates that SC prevents or reduces lung metastasis mainly by dispelling inflammation.
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Zhuang Y, Che J, Wu M, Guo Y, Xu Y, Dong X, Yang H. Altered pathways and targeted therapy in double hit lymphoma. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:26. [PMID: 35303910 PMCID: PMC8932183 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade B-cell lymphoma with translocations involving MYC and BCL2 or BCL6, usually referred to as double hit lymphoma (DHL), is an aggressive hematological malignance with distinct genetic features and poor clinical prognosis. Current standard chemoimmunotherapy fails to confer satisfying outcomes and few targeted therapeutics are available for the treatment against DHL. Recently, the delineating of the genetic landscape in tumors has provided insight into both biology and targeted therapies. Therefore, it is essential to understand the altered signaling pathways of DHL to develop treatment strategies with better clinical benefits. Herein, we summarized the genetic alterations in the two DHL subtypes (DHL-BCL2 and DHL-BCL6). We further elucidate their implications on cellular processes, including anti-apoptosis, epigenetic regulations, B-cell receptor signaling, and immune escape. Ongoing and potential therapeutic strategies and targeted drugs steered by these alterations were reviewed accordingly. Based on these findings, we also discuss the therapeutic vulnerabilities that coincide with these genetic changes. We believe that the understanding of the DHL studies will provide insight into this disease and capacitate the finding of more effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhuang
- Department of Lymphoma, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinxin Che
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meijuan Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Guo
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongjin Xu
- Department of Lymphoma, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowu Dong
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Lymphoma, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Effects of Ruxolitinib and Calcitriol Combination Treatment on Various Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052535. [PMID: 35269680 PMCID: PMC8910493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticancer effects of ruxolitinib and calcitriol against breast cancer were reported previously. However, the effect of ruxolitinib and calcitriol combination treatment on various molecular subtypes of breast cancer remains unexplored. In this study, we used MCF-7, SKBR3, and MDA-MB-468 cells to investigate the effect of ruxolitinib and calcitriol combination treatment on cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and cell signaling markers, in vitro and in vivo. Our results revealed the synergistic anticancer effect of ruxolitinib and calcitriol combination treatment in SKBR3 and MDA-MB-468 cells, but not in MCF-7 cells in vitro, via cell proliferation inhibition, apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and the alteration of cell signaling protein expression, including cell cycle-related (cyclin D1, CDK1, CDK4, p21, and p27), apoptosis-related (c-caspase and c-PARP), and cell proliferation-related (c-Myc, p-p53, and p-JAK2) proteins. Furthermore, in the MDA-MB-468 xenograft mouse model, we demonstrated the synergistic antitumor effect of ruxolitinib and calcitriol combination treatment, including the alteration of c-PARP, cyclin D1, and c-Myc expression, without significant drug toxicity. The combination exhibited a synergistic effect in HER2-enriched and triple-negative breast cancer subtypes. In conclusion, our results suggest different effects of the combination treatment of ruxolitinib and calcitriol depending on the molecular subtype of breast cancer.
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Wu Q, Huang Q, Jiang Y, Sun F, Liang B, Wang J, Hu X, Sun M, Ma Z, Shi Y, Liang Y, Tan Y, Zeng D, Yao F, Xu X, Yao Z, Li S, Rong X, Huang N, Sun L, Liao W, Shi M. Remodeling Chondroitin-6-Sulfate-Mediated Immune Exclusion Enhances Anti-PD-1 Response in Colorectal Cancer with Microsatellite Stability. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:182-199. [PMID: 34933913 PMCID: PMC9414301 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic microsatellite-stable (MSS) colorectal cancer rarely responds to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Metabolism heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment (TME) presents obstacles to antitumor immune response. Combining transcriptome (The Cancer Genome Atlas MSS colorectal cancer, n = 383) and digital pathology (n = 96) analysis, we demonstrated a stroma metabolism-immune excluded subtype with poor prognosis in MSS colorectal cancer, which could be attributed to interaction between chondroitin-6-sulfate (C-6-S) metabolites and M2 macrophages, forming the "exclusion barrier" in the invasive margin. Furthermore, C-6-S derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts promoted co-nuclear translocation of pSTAT3 and GLI1, activating the JAK/STAT3 and Hedgehog pathways. In vivo experiments with C-6-S-targeted strategies decreased M2 macrophages and reprogrammed the immunosuppressive TME, leading to enhanced response to anti-PD-1 in MSS colorectal cancer. Therefore, C-6-S-induced immune exclusion represents an "immunometabolic checkpoint" that can be exploited for the application of combination strategies in MSS colorectal cancer ICI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijing Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Bishan Liang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xingbin Hu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Mengting Sun
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yulu Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yanxiao Liang
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yujing Tan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Dongqiang Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Fangzhen Yao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqi Yao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Shaowei Li
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Rong
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Na Huang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Corresponding Author: Min Shi, Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China. E-mail:
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Inflammation, Fibrosis and Cancer: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Options and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030552. [PMID: 35158821 PMCID: PMC8833582 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation is a salient factor in multiple chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. In this review, we provided an in-depth analysis of the relationships and distinctions between uncontrolled inflammation, fibrosis and cancers, while emphasizing the challenges and opportunities of developing novel therapies for the treatment and/or management of these diseases. We described how drug delivery systems, combination therapy and the integration of tissue-targeted and/or pathways selective strategies could overcome the challenges of current agents for managing and/or treating chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. We also recognized the value of the re-evaluation of the disease-specific roles of multiple pathways implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers-as well as the application of data from single-cell RNA sequencing in the success of future drug discovery endeavors.
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STAT3 Signaling in Breast Cancer: Multicellular Actions and Therapeutic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020429. [PMID: 35053592 PMCID: PMC8773745 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Many signaling pathways are overactive in breast cancer, and among them is the STAT3 signaling pathway. STAT3 is activated by secreted factors within the breast tumor, many of which are elevated and correlate to advanced disease and poor survival outcomes. This review examines how STAT3 signaling is activated in breast cancer by the proinflammatory, gp130 cytokines, interleukins 6 and 11. We evaluate how this signaling cascade functions in the various cells of the tumor microenvironment to drive disease progression and metastasis. We discuss how our understanding of these processes may lead to the development of novel therapeutics to tackle advanced disease. Abstract Interleukin (IL)-6 family cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-11, are defined by the shared use of the gp130 receptor for the downstream activation of STAT3 signaling and the activation of genes which contribute to the “hallmarks of cancer”, including proliferation, survival, invasion and metastasis. Increased expression of these cytokines, or the ligand-specific receptors IL-6R and IL-11RA, in breast tumors positively correlate to disease progression and poorer patient outcome. In this review, we examine evidence from pre-clinical studies that correlate enhanced IL-6 and IL-11 mediated gp130/STAT3 signaling to the progression of breast cancer. Key processes by which the IL-6 family cytokines contribute to the heterogeneous nature of breast cancer, immune evasion and metastatic potential, are discussed. We examine the latest research into the therapeutic targeting of IL-6 family cytokines that inhibit STAT3 transcriptional activity as a potential breast cancer treatment, including current clinical trials. The importance of the IL-6 family of cytokines in cellular processes that promote the development and progression of breast cancer warrants further understanding of the molecular basis for its actions to help guide the development of future therapeutic targets.
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Zhang T, Zhou H, Wang K, Wang X, Wang M, Zhao W, Xi X, Li Y, Cai M, Zhao W, Xu Y, Shao R. Role, molecular mechanism and the potential target of breast cancer stem cells in breast cancer development. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112616. [PMID: 35008001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in women globally, and its occurrence has surpassed lung cancer and become the biggest threat for women. At present, breast cancer treatment includes surgical resection or postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, tumor relapse and metastasis usually lead to current therapy failure thanks to breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs)-mediated tumorigenicity and drug resistance. Drug resistance is mainly due to the long-term quiescent G0 phase, strong DNA repairability, and high expression of ABC transporter, and the tumorigenicity is reflected in the activation of various proliferation pathways related to BCSCs. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of BCSCs and their intracellular and extracellular molecular mechanisms is crucial for the development of targeted drugs for BCSCs. To this end, we discussed the latest developments in BCSCs research, focusing on the analysis of specific markers, critical signaling pathways that maintain the stemness of BCSCs,such as NOTCH, Wnt/β-catenin, STAT3, Hedgehog, and Hippo-YAP signaling, immunomicroenviroment and summarizes targeting therapy strategies for stemness maintenance and differentiation, which provides a theoretical basis for further exploration of treating breast cancer and preventing relapse derived from BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mengyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wenxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoming Xi
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Meilian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wuli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yanni Xu
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Rongguang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Fu X, De Angelis C, Schiff R. Interferon Signaling in Estrogen Receptor-positive Breast Cancer: A Revitalized Topic. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6429717. [PMID: 34791151 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunology is the most rapidly expanding field in cancer research, with the importance of immunity in cancer pathogenesis now well accepted including in the endocrine-related cancers. The immune system plays an essential role in the development of ductal and luminal epithelial differentiation in the mammary gland. Originally identified as evolutionarily conserved antipathogen cytokines, interferons (IFNs) have shown important immune-modulatory and antineoplastic properties when administered to patients with various types of cancer, including breast cancer. Recent studies have drawn attention to the role of tumor- and stromal-infiltrating lymphocytes in dictating therapy response and outcome of breast cancer patients, which, however, is highly dependent on the breast cancer subtype. The emerging role of tumor cell-inherent IFN signaling in the subtype-defined tumor microenvironment could influence therapy response with protumor activities in breast cancer. Here we review evidence with new insights into tumor cell-intrinsic and tumor microenvironment-derived IFN signaling, and the crosstalk of IFN signaling with key signaling pathways in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. We also discuss clinical implications and opportunities exploiting IFN signaling to treat advanced ER+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Fu
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Carmine De Angelis
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Rachel Schiff
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Dai G, Yang Y, Liu S, Liu H. Hypoxic Breast Cancer Cell-Derived Exosomal SNHG1 Promotes Breast Cancer Growth and Angiogenesis via Regulating miR-216b-5p/JAK2 Axis. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:123-133. [PMID: 35027847 PMCID: PMC8751978 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s327621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia is an important process that involved in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, hypoxic tumor cell-derived exosomes could promote tumor growth and angiogenesis. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether exosomes could regulate tumor development and progression under hypoxia in breast cancer. Methods The level of SNHG1 in hypoxic breast cancer cells and exosomes derived from hypoxic breast cancer cells was determined by real-time qPCR assay. Bioinformatics prediction and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to determine the interaction between SNHG1, miR-216b-5p and JAK2. Results We found that comparing with exosomes derived from normoxia breast cancer cells, exosomes derived from hypoxic breast cancer cells could promote the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In addition, SNHG1 level was significantly upregulated in exosomes derived from hypoxic breast cancer cells. Moreover, exosome-mediated delivery of SNHG1 siRNA3 markedly reversed the effects of exosome-mediated delivery of SNHG1 on HUVECs. Mechanically, SNHG1 could increase the level of JAK2 by competitively binding to miR-216b-5p. Additionally, exosome-mediated delivery of SNHG1 was found to promote breast cancer growth in vivo. Conclusion Collectively, our study revealed that exosomal SNHG1 from hypoxic breast cancer cells could promote tumor angiogenesis and growth via regulating miR-216b-5p/JAK2 axis, suggesting that SNHG1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaosai Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yupeng Yang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jinan Zhangqiu District Hospital of TCM, Jinan, Shandong, 250200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuhao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huantao Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Huantao Liu Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China Email
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Molecular targets and therapeutics in chemoresistance of triple-negative breast cancer. Med Oncol 2021; 39:14. [PMID: 34812991 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a specific subtype of breast cancer (BC), which shows immunohistochemically negative expression of hormone receptor i.e., Estrogen receptor and Progesterone receptor along with the absence of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER2/neu). In Indian scenario the prevalence of BC is 26.3%, whereas, in West Bengal the cases are of 18.4%. But the rate of TNBC has increased up to 31% and shows 27% of total BC. Conventional chemotherapy is effective only in the initial stages but with progression of the disease the effectivity gets reduced and shown almost no effect in later or advanced stages of TNBC. Thus, TNBC patients frequently develop resistance and metastasis, due to its peculiar triple-negative nature most of the hormonal therapies also fails. Development of chemoresistance may involve various factors, such as, TNBC heterogeneity, cancer stem cells (CSCs), signaling pathway deregulation, DNA repair mechanism, hypoxia, and other molecular factors. To overcome the challenges to treat TNBC various targets and molecules have been exploited including CSCs modulator, drug efflux transporters, hypoxic factors, apoptotic proteins, and regulatory signaling pathways. Moreover, to improve the targets and efficacy of treatments researchers are emphasizing on targeted therapy for TNBC. In this review, an effort has been made to focus on phenotypic and molecular variations in TNBC along with the role of conventional as well as newly identified pathways and strategies to overcome challenge of chemoresistance.
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Wang C, Xu K, Wang R, Han X, Tang J, Guan X. Heterogeneity of BCSCs contributes to the metastatic organotropism of breast cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:370. [PMID: 34801088 PMCID: PMC8605572 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most-common female malignancies with a high risk of relapse and distant metastasis. The distant metastasis of breast cancer exhibits organotropism, including brain, lung, liver and bone. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a small population of breast cancer cells with tumor-initiating ability, which participate in regulating distant metastasis in breast cancer. We investigated the heterogeneity of BCSCs according to biomarker status, epithelial or mesenchymal status and other factors. Based on the classical “seed and soil” theory, we explored the effect of BCSCs on the metastatic organotropism in breast cancer at both “seed” and “soil” levels, with BCSCs as the “seed” and BCSCs-related microenvironment as the “soil”. We also summarized current clinical trials, which assessed the safety and efficacy of BCSCs-related therapies. Understanding the role of BCSCs heterogeneity for regulating metastatic organotropism in breast cancer would provide a new insight for the diagnosis and treatment of advanced metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenzhu Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Runtian Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Xin Han
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Jinhai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
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Targeting Cancer Stem Cells by Dietary Agents: An Important Therapeutic Strategy against Human Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111669. [PMID: 34769099 PMCID: PMC8584029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a multifactorial disease, treatment of cancer depends on understanding unique mechanisms involved in its progression. The cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumor stemness and by enhancing colony formation, proliferation as well as metastasis, and these cells can also mediate resistance to therapy. Furthermore, the presence of CSCs leads to cancer recurrence and therefore their complete eradication can have immense therapeutic benefits. The present review focuses on targeting CSCs by natural products in cancer therapy. The growth and colony formation capacities of CSCs have been reported can be attenuated by the dietary agents. These compounds can induce apoptosis in CSCs and reduce tumor migration and invasion via EMT inhibition. A variety of molecular pathways including STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin, Sonic Hedgehog, Gli1 and NF-κB undergo down-regulation by dietary agents in suppressing CSC features. Upon exposure to natural agents, a significant decrease occurs in levels of CSC markers including CD44, CD133, ALDH1, Oct4 and Nanog to impair cancer stemness. Furthermore, CSC suppression by dietary agents can enhance sensitivity of tumors to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In addition to in vitro studies, as well as experiments on the different preclinical models have shown capacity of natural products in suppressing cancer stemness. Furthermore, use of nanostructures for improving therapeutic impact of dietary agents is recommended to rapidly translate preclinical findings for clinical use.
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TrkA Interacts with and Phosphorylates STAT3 to Enhance Gene Transcription and Promote Breast Cancer Stem Cells in Triple-Negative and HER2-Enriched Breast Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102340. [PMID: 34066153 PMCID: PMC8150921 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer is the leading cancer in American women. Due to the inherent aggressiveness of triple-negative and HER2-enriched breast cancers, it is imperative to identify novel molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. Due to their abnormal activities in metastatic breast cancers, JAK2–STAT3 and TrkA pathways have been individually implicated in aggressive breast tumors. However, their co-activation and signaling interactions have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, our study aimed to elucidate the extent of crosstalk between JAK2–STAT3 and TrkA signaling pathways and its impact on breast cancer. Our data revealed a novel interaction between TrkA and STAT3, and that this interaction results in STAT3 phosphorylation and activation by TrkA, leading to enhanced stemness gene expression and stem cell renewal. We further found that the co-activation of JAK2–STAT3 and TrkA pathways is correlated with shorter time to develop overall and organ-specific metastasis, suggesting that this signaling crosstalk underlies the aggressiveness of triple-negative and HER2-enriched breast cancers. Abstract JAK2–STAT3 and TrkA signaling pathways have been separately implicated in aggressive breast cancers; however, whether they are co-activated or undergo functional interaction has not been thoroughly investigated. Herein we report, for the first time that STAT3 and TrkA are significantly co-overexpressed and co-activated in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and HER2-enriched breast cancer, as shown by immunohistochemical staining and data mining. Through immunofluorescence staining–confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation–Western blotting, we found that TrkA and STAT3 co-localize and physically interact in the cytoplasm, and the interaction is dependent on STAT3-Y705 phosphorylation. TrkA–STAT3 interaction leads to STAT3 phosphorylation at Y705 by TrkA in breast cancer cells and cell-free kinase assays, indicating that STAT3 is a novel substrate of TrkA. β-NGF-mediated TrkA activation induces TrkA–STAT3 interaction, STAT3 nuclear transport and transcriptional activity, and the expression of STAT3 target genes, SOX2 and MYC. The co-activation of both pathways promotes breast cancer stem cells. Finally, we found that TNBC and HER2-enriched breast cancer with JAK2–STAT3 and TrkA co-activation are positively associated with poor overall metastasis-free and organ-specific metastasis-free survival. Collectively, our study uncovered that TrkA is a novel activating kinase of STAT3, and their co-activation enhances gene transcription and promotes breast cancer stem cells in TNBC and HER2-enriched breast cancer.
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Stringer-Reasor EM, May JE, Olariu E, Caterinicchia V, Li Y, Chen D, Della Manna DL, Rocque GB, Vaklavas C, Falkson CI, Nabell LM, Acosta EP, Forero-Torres A, Yang ES. An open-label, pilot study of veliparib and lapatinib in patients with metastatic, triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:30. [PMID: 33663560 PMCID: PMC7934554 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have been approved for cancer patients with germline BRCA1/2 (gBRCA1/2) mutations, and efforts to expand the utility of PARPi beyond BRCA1/2 are ongoing. In preclinical models of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with intact DNA repair, we have previously shown an induced synthetic lethality with combined EGFR inhibition and PARPi. Here, we report the safety and clinical activity of lapatinib and veliparib in patients with metastatic TNBC. METHODS A first-in-human, pilot study of lapatinib and veliparib was conducted in metastatic TNBC (NCT02158507). The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability. Secondary endpoints were objective response rates and pharmacokinetic evaluation. Gene expression analysis of pre-treatment tumor biopsies was performed. Key eligibility included TNBC patients with measurable disease and prior anthracycline-based and taxane chemotherapy. Patients with gBRCA1/2 mutations were excluded. RESULTS Twenty patients were enrolled, of which 17 were evaluable for response. The median number of prior therapies in the metastatic setting was 1 (range 0-2). Fifty percent of patients were Caucasian, 45% African-American, and 5% Hispanic. Of evaluable patients, 4 demonstrated a partial response and 2 had stable disease. There were no dose-limiting toxicities. Most AEs were limited to grade 1 or 2 and no drug-drug interactions noted. Exploratory gene expression analysis suggested baseline DNA repair pathway score was lower and baseline immunogenicity was higher in the responders compared to non-responders. CONCLUSIONS Lapatinib plus veliparib therapy has a manageable safety profile and promising antitumor activity in advanced TNBC. Further investigation of dual therapy with EGFR inhibition and PARP inhibition is needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT02158507 . Registered on 12 September 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Stringer-Reasor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jori E May
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eva Olariu
- Department of Medicine, Brookwood Baptist Health, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Valerie Caterinicchia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yufeng Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Deborah L Della Manna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gabrielle B Rocque
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Christos Vaklavas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Carla I Falkson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lisle M Nabell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Edward P Acosta
- Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andres Forero-Torres
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1700 6th Avenue South, HSROC Suite 2232 (176F), Birmingham, AL, 35249, USA.
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Vazquez N, Lopez A, Cuello V, Persans M, Schuenzel E, Innis-Whitehouse W, Keniry M. NVP-BEZ235 or JAKi Treatment leads to decreased survival of examined GBM and BBC cells. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 27:100340. [PMID: 33636591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells almost universally harbor constitutively active Phosphatidylinositol-3 Kinase (PI3K) Pathway activity via mutation of key signaling components and/or epigenetic mechanisms. Scores of PI3K Pathway inhibitors are currently under investigation as putative chemotherapeutics. However, feedback and stem cell mechanisms induced by PI3K Pathway inhibition can lead to reduced treatment efficacy. To address therapeutic barriers, we examined whether JAKi would reduce stem gene expression in a setting of PI3K Pathway inhibition in order to improve treatment efficacy. We targeted the PI3K Pathway with NVP-BEZ235 (dual PI3K and mTOR inhibitor) in combination with the Janus Kinase inhibitor JAKi in glioblastoma (GBM) and basal-like breast cancer (BBC) cell lines. We examined growth, gene expression, and apoptosis in cells treated with NVP-BEZ235 and/or JAKi. Growth and recovery assays showed no significant impact of dual treatment with NVP-BEZ235/JAKi compared to NVP-BEZ235 treatment alone. Gene expression and flow cytometry revealed that single and dual treatments induced apoptosis. Stem gene expression was retained in dual NVP-BEZ235/JAKi treatment samples. Future in vivo studies may give further insight into the impact of combined NVP-BEZ235/JAKi treatment in GBM and BBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neftali Vazquez
- Department of Biology, University of Texas- Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, United States
| | - Alma Lopez
- Department of Biology, University of Texas- Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, United States
| | - Victoria Cuello
- Department of Biology, University of Texas- Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, United States
| | - Michael Persans
- Department of Biology, University of Texas- Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, United States
| | - Erin Schuenzel
- Department of Biology, University of Texas- Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, United States
| | - Wendy Innis-Whitehouse
- School of Medicine, University of Texas- Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, United States
| | - Megan Keniry
- Department of Biology, University of Texas- Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, United States.
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Luo J, Zhu L, Zhou N, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zhang R. Construction of Circular RNA-MicroRNA-Messenger RNA Regulatory Network of Recurrent Implantation Failure to Explore Its Potential Pathogenesis. Front Genet 2021; 11:627459. [PMID: 33664765 PMCID: PMC7924221 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.627459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Many studies on circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently been published. However, the function of circRNAs in recurrent implantation failure (RIF) is unknown and remains to be explored. This study aims to determine the regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs in RIF. Methods: Microarray data of RIF circRNA (GSE147442), microRNA (miRNA; GSE71332), and messenger RNA (mRNA; GSE103465) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify differentially expressed circRNA, miRNA, and mRNA. The circRNA–miRNA–mRNA network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.8.0 software, then the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING database, and the hub genes were identified by cytoHubba plug-in. The circRNA–miRNA–hub gene regulatory subnetwork was formed to understand the regulatory axis of hub genes in RIF. Finally, the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of the hub genes were performed by clusterProfiler package of Rstudio software, and Reactome Functional Interaction (FI) plug-in was used for reactome analysis to comprehensively analyze the mechanism of hub genes in RIF. Results: A total of eight upregulated differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs), five downregulated DECs, 56 downregulated differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs), 104 upregulated DEmiRs, 429 upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and 1,067 downregulated DEGs were identified regarding RIF. The miRNA response elements of 13 DECs were then predicted. Seven overlapping miRNAs were obtained by intersecting the predicted miRNA and DEmiRs. Then, 56 overlapping mRNAs were obtained by intersecting the predicted target mRNAs of seven miRNAs with 1,496 DEGs. The circRNA–miRNA–mRNA network and PPI network were constructed through six circRNAs, seven miRNAs, and 56 mRNAs; and four hub genes (YWHAZ, JAK2, MYH9, and RAP2C) were identified. The circRNA–miRNA–hub gene regulatory subnetwork with nine regulatory axes was formed in RIF. Functional enrichment analysis and reactome analysis showed that these four hub genes were closely related to the biological functions and pathways of RIF. Conclusion: The results of this study provide further understanding of the potential pathogenesis from the perspective of circRNA-related competitive endogenous RNA network in RIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan Luo
- Clinical Medical College, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China.,Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Clinical Medical College, Dali University, Dali, China
| | | | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China.,Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Ruopeng Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China.,Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
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