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Bastos CR, Bevilacqua LM, Mendes LFB, Xavier J, Gruhn K, Kaster MP, Ghisleni G. Amygdala-specific changes in Cacna1c, Nfat5, and Bdnf expression are associated with stress responsivity in mice: A possible mechanism for psychiatric disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 175:259-270. [PMID: 38754148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The CACNA1C gene encodes the alpha-1c subunit of the Cav1.2 calcium channel, a regulator of neuronal calcium influx involved in neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity. Genetic data show a role for CACNA1C in depressive symptoms underlying different psychiatric diagnoses. However, the mechanisms involved still require further exploration. This study aimed to investigate sex and region-specific changes in the Cacna1c gene and behavioral outcomes in mice exposed to chronic stress. Moreover, we evaluated the Nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (Nfat5) and the Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) as potential upstream and downstream Cacna1c targets and their correlation in stressed mice and humans with depression. Male and female Swiss mice were exposed to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) for 21 days. Animal-integrated emotionality was assessed using the sucrose splash test, the tail suspension, the open-field test, and the elevated-plus-maze. Gene expression analysis was performed in the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. Human data for in silico analysis was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus. CUS-induced impairment in integrated emotional regulation was observed in males. Gene expression analysis showed decreased levels of Cacna1c and Nfat5 and increased levels of Bdnf transcripts in the amygdala of stressed male mice. In contrast, there were no major changes in behavioral responses or gene expression in female mice after stress. The expression of the three genes was significantly correlated in the amygdala of mice and humans. The strong and positive correlation between Canac1c and Nfat5 suggests a potential role for this transcription factor in Canac1c expression. These changes could impact amygdala reactivity and emotional responses, making them a potential target for psychiatric intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Ribeiro Bastos
- Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Department of Life and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Laura Menegatti Bevilacqua
- Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Luiz Filipe Bastos Mendes
- Center of Oxidative Stress Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Janaina Xavier
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Karen Gruhn
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Manuella Pinto Kaster
- Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Gabriele Ghisleni
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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2
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Puig S, Xue X, Salisbury R, Shelton MA, Kim SM, Hildebrand MA, Glausier JR, Freyberg Z, Tseng GC, Yocum AK, Lewis DA, Seney ML, MacDonald ML, Logan RW. Circadian rhythm disruptions associated with opioid use disorder in synaptic proteomes of human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4777-4792. [PMID: 37674018 PMCID: PMC10914630 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Opioid craving and relapse vulnerability is associated with severe and persistent sleep and circadian rhythm disruptions. Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of circadian rhythms and opioid use disorder (OUD) may prove valuable for developing new treatments for opioid addiction. Previous work indicated molecular rhythm disruptions in the human brain associated with OUD, highlighting synaptic alterations in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc)-key brain regions involved in cognition and reward, and heavily implicated in the pathophysiology of OUD. To provide further insights into the synaptic alterations in OUD, we used mass-spectrometry based proteomics to deeply profile protein expression alterations in bulk tissue and synaptosome preparations from DLPFC and NAc of unaffected and OUD subjects. We identified 55 differentially expressed (DE) proteins in DLPFC homogenates, and 44 DE proteins in NAc homogenates, between unaffected and OUD subjects. In synaptosomes, we identified 161 and 56 DE proteins in DLPFC and NAc, respectively, of OUD subjects. By comparing homogenate and synaptosome protein expression, we identified proteins enriched specifically in synapses that were significantly altered in both DLPFC and NAc of OUD subjects. Across brain regions, synaptic protein alterations in OUD subjects were primarily identified in glutamate, GABA, and circadian rhythm signaling. Using time-of-death (TOD) analyses, where the TOD of each subject is used as a time-point across a 24-h cycle, we were able to map circadian-related changes associated with OUD in synaptic proteomes associated with vesicle-mediated transport and membrane trafficking in the NAc and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta signaling in DLPFC. Collectively, our findings lend further support for molecular rhythm disruptions in synaptic signaling in the human brain as a key factor in opioid addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Puig
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiangning Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryan Salisbury
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Micah A Shelton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sam-Moon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mariah A Hildebrand
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jill R Glausier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zachary Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - George C Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - David A Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marianne L Seney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew L MacDonald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Ryan W Logan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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3
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Nurmi EL, Laughlin CP, de Wit H, Palmer AA, MacKillop J, Cannon TD, Bilder RM, Congdon E, Sabb FW, Seaman LC, McElroy JJ, Libowitz MR, Weafer J, Gray J, Dean AC, Hellemann GS, London ED. Polygenic contributions to performance on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3524-3530. [PMID: 37582857 PMCID: PMC10618088 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Risky decision-making is a common, heritable endophenotype seen across many psychiatric disorders. Its underlying genetic architecture is incompletely explored. We examined behavior in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), which tests risky decision-making, in two independent samples of European ancestry. One sample (n = 1138) comprised healthy participants and some psychiatric patients (53 schizophrenia, 42 bipolar disorder, 47 ADHD); the other (n = 911) excluded for recent treatment of various psychiatric disorders but not ADHD. Participants provided DNA and performed the BART, indexed by mean adjusted pumps. We constructed a polygenic risk score (PRS) for discovery in each dataset and tested it in the other as replication. Subsequently, a genome-wide MEGA-analysis, combining both samples, tested genetic correlation with risk-taking self-report in the UK Biobank sample and psychiatric phenotypes characterized by risk-taking (ADHD, Bipolar Disorder, Alcohol Use Disorder, prior cannabis use) in the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. The PRS for BART performance in one dataset predicted task performance in the replication sample (r = 0.13, p = 0.000012, pFDR = 0.000052), as did the reciprocal analysis (r = 0.09, p = 0.0083, pFDR=0.04). Excluding participants with psychiatric diagnoses produced similar results. The MEGA-GWAS identified a single SNP (rs12023073; p = 3.24 × 10-8) near IGSF21, a protein involved in inhibitory brain synapses; replication samples are needed to validate this result. A PRS for self-reported cannabis use (p = 0.00047, pFDR = 0.0053), but not self-reported risk-taking or psychiatric disorder status, predicted behavior on the BART in our MEGA-GWAS sample. The findings reveal polygenic architecture of risky decision-making as measured by the BART and highlight its overlap with cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Nurmi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.
| | - C P Laughlin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - H de Wit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - A A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - J MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, L8S4L8, Canada
| | - T D Cannon
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - R M Bilder
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - E Congdon
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - F W Sabb
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - L C Seaman
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - J J McElroy
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - M R Libowitz
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - J Weafer
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - J Gray
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - A C Dean
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - G S Hellemann
- Department of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - E D London
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
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4
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Meyer GP, da Silva BS, Bandeira CE, Tavares MEA, Cupertino RB, Oliveira EP, Müller D, Kappel DB, Teche SP, Vitola ES, Rohde LA, Rovaris DL, Grevet EH, Bau CHD. Dissecting the cross-trait effects of the FOXP2 GWAS hit on clinical and brain phenotypes in adults with ADHD. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:15-24. [PMID: 35279744 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01388-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The Forkhead box P2 (FOXP2) encodes for a transcription factor with a broad role in embryonic development. It is especially represented among GWAS hits for neurodevelopmental disorders and related traits, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder, neuroticism, and risk-taking behaviors. While several functional studies are underway to understand the consequences of FOXP2 variation, this study aims to expand previous findings to clinically and genetically related phenotypes and neuroanatomical features among subjects with ADHD. The sample included 407 adults with ADHD and 463 controls. Genotyping was performed on the Infinium PsychArray-24 BeadChip, and the FOXP2 gene region was extracted. A gene-wide approach was adopted to evaluate the combined effects of FOXP2 variants (n = 311) on ADHD status, severity, comorbidities, and personality traits. Independent risk variants presenting potential functional effects were further tested for association with cortical surface areas in a subsample of cases (n = 87). The gene-wide analyses within the ADHD sample showed a significant association of the FOXP2 gene with harm avoidance (P = 0.001; PFDR = 0.015) and nominal associations with hyperactivity symptoms (P = 0.026; PFDR = 0.130) and antisocial personality disorder (P = 0.026; PFDR = 0.130). An insertion/deletion variant (rs79622555) located downstream of FOXP2 was associated with the three outcomes and nominally with the surface area of superior parietal and anterior cingulate cortices. Our results extend and refine previous GWAS findings pointing to a role of FOXP2 in several neurodevelopment-related phenotypes, mainly those involving underlying symptomatic domains of self-regulation and inhibitory control. Taken together, the available evidence may constitute promising insights into the puzzle of the FOXP2-related pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Pessin Meyer
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Santos da Silva
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,ADHD Outpatient Program, Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Developmental Psychiatry Program, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cibele Edom Bandeira
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,ADHD Outpatient Program, Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Developmental Psychiatry Program, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Araujo Tavares
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,ADHD Outpatient Program, Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Developmental Psychiatry Program, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Eduarda Pereira Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diana Müller
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Developmental Psychiatry Program, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Djenifer B Kappel
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Stefania Pigatto Teche
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Schneider Vitola
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Developmental Psychiatry Program, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diego Luiz Rovaris
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Universidade de Sao Paulo Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eugenio Horacio Grevet
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Developmental Psychiatry Program, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Claiton Henrique Dotto Bau
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,ADHD Outpatient Program, Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Developmental Psychiatry Program, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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5
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Lin BD, Pries LK, Sarac HS, van Os J, Rutten BPF, Luykx J, Guloksuz S. Nongenetic Factors Associated With Psychotic Experiences Among UK Biobank Participants: Exposome-Wide Analysis and Mendelian Randomization Analysis. JAMA Psychiatry 2022; 79:857-868. [PMID: 35857297 PMCID: PMC9301596 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Importance Although hypothesis-driven research has identified several factors associated with psychosis, this one-exposure-to-one-outcome approach fails to embrace the multiplicity of exposures. Systematic approaches, similar to agnostic genome-wide analyses, are needed to identify genuine signals. Objective To systematically investigate nongenetic correlates of psychotic experiences through data-driven agnostic analyses and genetically informed approaches to evaluate associations. Design, Setting, Participants This cohort study analyzed data from the UK Biobank Mental Health Survey from January 1 to June 1, 2021. An exposome-wide association study was performed in 2 equal-sized split discovery and replication data sets. Variables associated with psychotic experiences in the exposome-wide analysis were tested in a multivariable model. For the variables associated with psychotic experiences in the final multivariable model, the single-nucleotide variant-based heritability and genetic overlap with psychotic experiences using linkage disequilibrium score regression were estimated, and mendelian randomization (MR) approaches were applied to test potential causality. The significant associations observed in 1-sample MR analyses were further tested in multiple sensitivity tests, including collider-correction MR, 2-sample MR, and multivariable MR analyses. Exposures After quality control based on a priori criteria, 247 environmental, lifestyle, behavioral, and economic variables. Main Outcomes and Measures Psychotic experiences. Results The study included 155 247 participants (87 896 [57%] female; mean [SD] age, 55.94 [7.74] years). In the discovery data set, 162 variables (66%) were associated with psychotic experiences. Of these, 148 (91%) were replicated. The multivariable analysis identified 36 variables that were associated with psychotic experiences. Of these, 28 had significant genetic overlap with psychotic experiences. One-sample MR analyses revealed forward associations with 3 variables and reverse associations with 3. Forward associations with ever having experienced sexual assault and pleiotropy of risk-taking behavior and reverse associations without pleiotropy of experiencing a physically violent crime as well as cannabis use and the reverse association with pleiotropy of worrying too long after embarrassment were confirmed in sensitivity tests. Thus, associations with psychotic experiences were found with both well-studied and unexplored multiple correlated variables. For several variables, the direction of the association was reversed in the final multivariable and MR analyses. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this study underscore the need for systematic approaches and triangulation of evidence to build a knowledge base from ever-growing observational data to guide population-level prevention strategies for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Danae Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Brainclinics foundation, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lotta-Katrin Pries
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Halil Suat Sarac
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jurjen Luykx
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Brainclinics foundation, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,GGNet Mental Health, Apeldoorn, the Netherlands
| | - Sinan Guloksuz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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6
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Hatoum AS, Johnson EC, Colbert SMC, Polimanti R, Zhou H, Walters RK, Gelernter J, Edenberg HJ, Bogdan R, Agrawal A. The addiction risk factor: A unitary genetic vulnerability characterizes substance use disorders and their associations with common correlates. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1739-1745. [PMID: 34750568 PMCID: PMC9372072 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01209-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorders commonly co-occur with one another and with other psychiatric disorders. They share common features including high impulsivity, negative affect, and lower executive function. We tested whether a common genetic factor undergirds liability to problematic alcohol use (PAU), problematic tobacco use (PTU), cannabis use disorder (CUD), and opioid use disorder (OUD) by applying genomic structural equation modeling to genome-wide association study summary statistics for individuals of European ancestry (Total N = 1,019,521; substance-specific Ns range: 82,707-435,563) while adjusting for the genetics of substance use (Ns = 184,765-632,802). We also tested whether shared liability across SUDs is associated with behavioral constructs (risk-taking, executive function, neuroticism; Ns = 328,339-427,037) and non-substance use psychopathology (psychotic, compulsive, and early neurodevelopmental disorders). Shared genetic liability to PAU, PTU, CUD, and OUD was characterized by a unidimensional addiction risk factor (termed The Addiction-Risk-Factor, independent of substance use. OUD and CUD demonstrated the largest loadings, while problematic tobacco use showed the lowest loading. The Addiction-Risk-Factor was associated with risk-taking, neuroticism, executive function, and non-substance psychopathology, but retained specific variance before and after accounting for the genetics of substance use. Thus, a common genetic factor partly explains susceptibility for alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and opioid use disorder. The Addiction-Risk-Factor has a unique genetic architecture that is not shared with normative substance use or non-substance psychopathology, suggesting that addiction is not the linear combination of substance use and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Hatoum
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Emma C Johnson
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah M C Colbert
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Human Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Human Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Raymond K Walters
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Human Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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7
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Kumar S, Voracek M. The relationships of family income and caste-status with religiousness: Mediation role of intolerance of uncertainty. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273174. [PMID: 36026518 PMCID: PMC9417042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between lower socioeconomic status (SES) and religiousness is well known; however, its (psychological mediation) mechanism is not clear. In the present study, we studied the mediation role of intolerance of uncertainty (IU; a personality measure of self-uncertainty) in the effect of SES on religiousness and its dimensions (i.e., believing, bonding, behaving, and belonging), in two different samples (students sample, N = 868, and community sample, N = 250), after controlling the effects of factors like age, sex, handedness, and self-reported risk-taking. The results showed that IU mediated the effects of lower family income and lower caste status (in students’ sample only) on religiousness and its dimensions; higher caste status had a direct effect on religiousness (and its dimensions), and; among the sub-factors of IU, only prospective IU affected religiousness. Thus, along with showing that IU is a mediator of the effects of lower family income and lower caste status on religiousness, the present study supports the contention that religiousness is a latent variable that varied factors can independently initiate. Moreover, the present study suggests a nuanced model of the relationship between the hierarchical caste system and religiousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Psychology, D.A.V. College, Muzaffarnagar, India
- * E-mail: (SK); (MV)
| | - Martin Voracek
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna¸ Austria
- * E-mail: (SK); (MV)
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8
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A scoping review and comparison of approaches for measuring genetic heterogeneity in psychiatric disorders. Psychiatr Genet 2022; 32:1-8. [PMID: 34694248 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An improved understanding of genetic etiological heterogeneity in a psychiatric condition may help us (a) isolate a neurophysiological 'final common pathway' by identifying its upstream genetic origins and (b) facilitate characterization of the condition's phenotypic variation. This review aims to identify existing genetic heterogeneity measurements in the psychiatric literature and provides a conceptual review of their mechanisms, limitations, and assumptions. The Scopus database was searched for studies that quantified genetic heterogeneity or correlation of psychiatric phenotypes with human genetic data. Ninety studies were included. Eighty-seven reports quantified genetic correlation, five applied genomic structural equation modelling, three evaluated departure from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at one or more loci, and two applied a novel approach known as MiXeR. We found no study that rigorously measured genetic etiological heterogeneity across a large number of markers. Developing such approaches may help better characterize the biological diversity of psychopathology.
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Brick LA, Benca-Bachman CE, Bertin L, Martin KP, Risner V, Palmer RHC. The intermediary role of adolescent temperamental and behavioral traits on the prospective associations between polygenic risk and cannabis use among young adults of European Ancestry. Addiction 2021; 116:2779-2789. [PMID: 33686717 PMCID: PMC8426427 DOI: 10.1111/add.15476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cannabis use (CU) is an etiologically complex behavior with several social, temperamental, neurocognitive, and behavioral precursors. Biometrical and molecular studies suggest an interplay of environmental and pleiotropic influences. However, it remains unclear whether identified genetic effects related to behavioral and temperamental characteristics have developmentally direct or indirect mechanisms on CU behavior. The Transmissible Liability Index (TLI) is a measure of continuous liability based on developmental precursors of substance use disorders. This study aimed to examine if the TLI plays a role in understanding genetic risk for CU behaviors. DESIGN Genome-wide association studies (n > 10 000; European Ancestry [EA]) of CU, risk tolerance, neuroticism, anxiety, and depression were used to construct polygenic scores (PGSs). Analyses assessed whether PGSs indirectly impacted risk for repeated use via TLI. SETTING United States of America. PARTICIPANTS From Add Health study, 4077 individuals of EA age 11 to 21 during baseline interview collection. MEASUREMENTS Outcomes were initiation and repeated cannabis use (>5× in lifetime). The TLI was parameterized using a latent factor from 21 questions assessing for precursors of disordered use. FINDINGS The marker-based heritability of TLI, initiation, and repeated use were significant, but modest (14%, P = 0.033; 15%, P = 0.025; and 17%, P = 0.008, respectively). TLI and repeated use were genetically correlated (rg = 0.76, P = 0.033). The PGS for CU was associated with increased risk for repeated use and PGS for risk tolerance and depression were associated with TLI. Mediation analyses indicated significant, but very weak, indirect effects of PGS for risk tolerance and depression on repeated CU via the TLI. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent behavioral and temperamental characteristics (i.e. the Transmissible Liability Index) appear to be early indicators of repeated cannabis use in adulthood. Although polygenic scores for cannabis use directly increased risk for repeated cannabis use, weak evidence was found for the role of polygenic scores of other internalizing/externalizing traits acting through adolescent derived Transmissible Liability Index on cannabis use behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Brick
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Chelsie E Benca-Bachman
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lauren Bertin
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kathleen P Martin
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Victoria Risner
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rohan HC Palmer
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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10
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Hindley G, Bahrami S, Steen NE, O'Connell KS, Frei O, Shadrin A, Bettella F, Rødevand L, Fan CC, Dale AM, Djurovic S, Smeland OB, Andreassen OA. Characterising the shared genetic determinants of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and risk-taking. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:466. [PMID: 34497263 PMCID: PMC8426401 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased risk-taking is a central component of bipolar disorder (BIP) and is implicated in schizophrenia (SCZ). Risky behaviours, including smoking and alcohol use, are overrepresented in both disorders and associated with poor health outcomes. Positive genetic correlations are reported but an improved understanding of the shared genetic architecture between risk phenotypes and psychiatric disorders may provide insights into underlying neurobiological mechanisms. We aimed to characterise the genetic overlap between risk phenotypes and SCZ, and BIP by estimating the total number of shared variants using the bivariate causal mixture model and identifying shared genomic loci using the conjunctional false discovery rate method. Summary statistics from genome wide association studies of SCZ, BIP, risk-taking and risky behaviours were acquired (n = 82,315-466,751). Genomic loci were functionally annotated using FUMA. Of 8.6-8.7 K variants predicted to influence BIP, 6.6 K and 7.4 K were predicted to influence risk-taking and risky behaviours, respectively. Similarly, of 10.2-10.3 K variants influencing SCZ, 9.6 and 8.8 K were predicted to influence risk-taking and risky behaviours, respectively. We identified 192 loci jointly associated with SCZ and risk phenotypes and 206 associated with BIP and risk phenotypes, of which 68 were common to both risk-taking and risky behaviours and 124 were novel to SCZ or BIP. Functional annotation implicated differential expression in multiple cortical and sub-cortical regions. In conclusion, we report extensive polygenic overlap between risk phenotypes and BIP and SCZ, identify specific loci contributing to this shared risk and highlight biologically plausible mechanisms that may underlie risk-taking in severe psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Hindley
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway.
- Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Shahram Bahrami
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin S O'Connell
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexey Shadrin
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesco Bettella
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn Rødevand
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chun C Fan
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olav B Smeland
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway.
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11
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Nectins and Nectin-like molecules in synapse formation and involvement in neurological diseases. Mol Cell Neurosci 2021; 115:103653. [PMID: 34242750 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses are interneuronal junctions which form neuronal networks and play roles in a variety of functions, including learning and memory. Two types of junctions, synaptic junctions (SJs) and puncta adherentia junctions (PAJs), have been identified. SJs are found at all excitatory and inhibitory synapses whereas PAJs are found at excitatory synapses, but not inhibitory synapses, and particularly well developed at hippocampal mossy fiber giant excitatory synapses. Both SJs and PAJs are mediated by cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). Major CAMs at SJs are neuroligins-neurexins and Nectin-like molecules (Necls)/CADMs/SynCAMs whereas those at PAJs are nectins and cadherins. In addition to synaptic PAJs, extrasynaptic PAJs have been identified at contact sites between neighboring dendrites near synapses and regulate synapse formation. In addition to SJs and PAJs, a new type of cell adhesion apparatus different from these junctional apparatuses has been identified and named nectin/Necl spots. One nectin spot at contact sites between neighboring dendrites at extrasynaptic regions near synapses regulates synapse formation. Several members of nectins and Necls had been identified as viral receptors before finding their physiological functions as CAMs and evidence is accumulating that many nectins and Necls are related to onset and progression of neurological diseases. We review here nectin and Necls in synapse formation and involvement in neurological diseases.
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12
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Martin J, Khramtsova EA, Goleva SB, Blokland GAM, Traglia M, Walters RK, Hübel C, Coleman JRI, Breen G, Børglum AD, Demontis D, Grove J, Werge T, Bralten J, Bulik CM, Lee PH, Mathews CA, Peterson RE, Winham SJ, Wray N, Edenberg HJ, Guo W, Yao Y, Neale BM, Faraone SV, Petryshen TL, Weiss LA, Duncan LE, Goldstein JM, Smoller JW, Stranger BE, Davis LK. Examining Sex-Differentiated Genetic Effects Across Neuropsychiatric and Behavioral Traits. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:1127-1137. [PMID: 33648717 PMCID: PMC8163257 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The origin of sex differences in prevalence and presentation of neuropsychiatric and behavioral traits is largely unknown. Given established genetic contributions and correlations, we tested for a sex-differentiated genetic architecture within and between traits. METHODS Using European ancestry genome-wide association summary statistics for 20 neuropsychiatric and behavioral traits, we tested for sex differences in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability and genetic correlation (rg < 1). For each trait, we computed per-SNP z scores from sex-stratified regression coefficients and identified genes with sex-differentiated effects using a gene-based approach. We calculated correlation coefficients between z scores to test for shared sex-differentiated effects. Finally, we tested for sex differences in across-trait genetic correlations. RESULTS We observed no consistent sex differences in SNP-based heritability. Between-sex, within-trait genetic correlations were high, although <1 for educational attainment and risk-taking behavior. We identified 4 genes with significant sex-differentiated effects across 3 traits. Several trait pairs shared sex-differentiated effects. The top genes with sex-differentiated effects were enriched for multiple gene sets, including neuron- and synapse-related sets. Most between-trait genetic correlation estimates were not significantly different between sexes, with exceptions (educational attainment and risk-taking behavior). CONCLUSIONS Sex differences in the common autosomal genetic architecture of neuropsychiatric and behavioral phenotypes are small and polygenic and unlikely to fully account for observed sex-differentiated attributes. Larger sample sizes are needed to identify sex-differentiated effects for most traits. For well-powered studies, we identified genes with sex-differentiated effects that were enriched for neuron-related and other biological functions. This work motivates further investigation of genetic and environmental influences on sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Martin
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
| | - Ekaterina A Khramtsova
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine and Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Computational Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Slavina B Goleva
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gabriëlla A M Blokland
- Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michela Traglia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Raymond K Walters
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher Hübel
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan R I Coleman
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anders D Børglum
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ditte Demontis
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Grove
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section for GeoGenetics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janita Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Phil H Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carol A Mathews
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Roseann E Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Stacey J Winham
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Naomi Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Wei Guo
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yin Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Benjamin M Neale
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Tracey L Petryshen
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren A Weiss
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Laramie E Duncan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Jill M Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Barbara E Stranger
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine and Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Center for Genetic Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lea K Davis
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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13
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Looking for Sunshine: Genetic Predisposition to Sun Seeking in 265,000 Individuals of European Ancestry. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:779-786. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Liu G, Liu C, Qiu A. Spatial correlation maps of the hippocampus with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and cognition in Alzheimer's disease: A longitudinal study. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:2931-2940. [PMID: 33739550 PMCID: PMC8127150 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is an observational study that takes the existing longitudinal data from Alzheimer's disease Neuroimaging Initiative to examine the spatial correlation map of hippocampal subfield atrophy with CSF biomarkers and cognitive decline in the course of AD. This study included 421 healthy controls (HC), 557 patients of stable mild cognitive impairment (s‐MCI), 304 Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients, and 241 subjects who converted to be AD from MCI (c‐MCI), and 6,525 MRI scans in a period from 2004 to 2019. Our findings revealed that all the hippocampal subfields showed their accelerated atrophy rate from cognitively normal aging to stable MCI and AD. The presubiculum, dentate gyrus, and fimbria showed greater atrophy beyond the whole hippocampus in the HC, s‐MCI, and AD groups and corresponded to a greater decline of memory and attention in the s‐MCI group. Moreover, the higher atrophy rates of the subiculum and CA2/3, CA4 were also associated with a greater decline in attention in the s‐MCI group. Interestingly, patients with c‐MCI showed that the presubiculum atrophy was associated with CSF tau levels and corresponded to the onset age of AD and a decline in attention in patients with c‐MCI. These spatial correlation findings of the hippocampus suggested that the hippocampal subfields may not be equally impacted by normal aging, MCI, and AD, and their atrophy was selectively associated with declines in specific cognitive domains. The presubiculum atrophy was highlighted as a surrogate marker for the AD prognosis along with tau pathology and attention decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chaoqiang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anqi Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Smart Systems Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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15
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Thorpe HHA, Talhat MA, Khokhar JY. High genes: Genetic underpinnings of cannabis use phenotypes. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 106:110164. [PMID: 33152387 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis is one of the most widely used substances across the globe and its use has a substantial heritable component. However, the heritability of cannabis use varies according to substance use phenotype, suggesting that a unique profile of gene variants may contribute to the different stages of use, such as age of use onset, lifetime use, cannabis use disorder, and withdrawal and craving during abstinence. Herein, we review a subset of genes identified by candidate gene, family-based linkage, and genome-wide association studies related to these cannabis use phenotypes. We also describe their relationships with other substances, and their functions at the neurobiological, cognitive, and behavioral levels to hypothesize the role of these genes in cannabis use risk. Delineating genetic risk factors in the various stages of cannabis use will provide insight into the biological mechanisms related to cannabis use and highlight points of intervention prior to and following the development of dependence, as well as identify targets to aid drug development for treating problematic cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley H A Thorpe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jibran Y Khokhar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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16
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Hannigan LJ, Askeland RB, Ask H, Tesli M, Corfield E, Ayorech Z, Helgeland Ø, Magnus P, Njølstad PR, Øyen AS, Stoltenberg C, Andreassen OA, Davey Smith G, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Havdahl A. Genetic Liability for Schizophrenia and Childhood Psychopathology in the General Population. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1179-1189. [PMID: 33561255 PMCID: PMC8266611 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Genetic liability for schizophrenia is associated with psychopathology in early life. It is not clear if these associations are time dependent during childhood, nor if they are specific across different forms of psychopathology. Using genotype and questionnaire data on children (N = 15 105) from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study, we used schizophrenia polygenic risk scores to test developmental stability in associations with measures of emotional and behavioral problems between 18 months and 5 years, and domain specificity in associations with symptoms of depression, anxiety, conduct problems, oppositionality, inattention, and hyperactivity at 8 years. We then sought to identify symptom profiles-across development and domains-associated with schizophrenia polygenic liability. We found evidence for developmental stability in associations between schizophrenia polygenic risk scores and emotional and behavioral problems, with the latter being mediated specifically via the rate of change in symptoms (β slope = 0.032; 95% CI: 0.007-0.057). At age 8, associations were better explained by a model of symptom-specific polygenic effects rather than effects mediated via a general psychopathology factor or by domain-specific factors. Overall, individuals with higher schizophrenia polygenic risk scores were more likely (OR = 1.310 [95% CIs: 1.122-1.528]) to have a profile of increasing behavioral and emotional symptoms in early childhood, followed by elevated symptoms of conduct disorder, oppositionality, hyperactivity, and inattention by age 8. Schizophrenia-associated alleles are linked to specific patterns of early-life psychopathology. The associations are small, but findings of this nature can help us better understand the developmental emergence of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie J Hannigan
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK,To whom correspondence should be addressed; e-mail:
| | - Ragna Bugge Askeland
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Ask
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Tesli
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway,NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elizabeth Corfield
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ziada Ayorech
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Øyvind Helgeland
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Health Data and Digitalisation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Rasmus Njølstad
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne-Siri Øyen
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Stoltenberg
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexandra Havdahl
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK,Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway,Promenta Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Long Noncoding RNA SOX2-OT: Regulations, Functions, and Roles on Mental Illnesses, Cancers, and Diabetic Complications. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2901589. [PMID: 33294436 PMCID: PMC7718063 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2901589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SRY-box transcription factor 2 (SOX2) overlapping transcript (SOX2-OT) is an evolutionarily conserved long noncoding RNA. Its intronic region contains the SOX2 gene, the major regulator of the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. The human SOX2-OT gene comprises multiple exons and has multiple transcription start sites and generates hundreds of transcripts. Transcription factors (IRF4, AR, and SOX3), transcriptional inhibitors (NSPc1, MTA3, and YY1), and miRNAs (miR-211 and miR-375) have been demonstrated to control certain SOX2-OT transcript level at the transcriptional or posttranscriptional levels. Accumulated evidence indicates its crucial roles in the regulation of the SOX2 gene, miRNAs, and transcriptional process. Restricted expression of SOX2-OT transcripts in the brain results in the association between SOX2-OT single nucleotide polymorphisms and mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and anorexia nervosa. SOX2-OT is notably elevated in tumor tissues, and a high level of SOX2-OT is well correlated with poor clinical outcomes in cancer patients, leading to the establishment of its role as an oncogene and a prognostic or diagnostic biomarker for cancers. The emerging evidence supports that SOX2-OT mediates diabetic complications. In summary, SOX2-OT has diversified functions and could be a therapeutic target for various diseases.
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Morris J, Leung SSY, Bailey ME, Cullen B, Ferguson A, Graham N, Johnston KJA, Lyall DM, Lyall LM, Ward J, Smith DJ, Strawbridge RJ. Exploring the Role of Contactins across Psychological, Psychiatric and Cardiometabolic Traits within UK Biobank. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1326. [PMID: 33182605 PMCID: PMC7697406 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with severe mental illness have an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases compared to the general population. Shared risk factors and medication effects explain part of this excess risk; however, there is growing evidence to suggest that shared biology (including genetic variation) is likely to contribute to comorbidity between mental and physical illness. Contactins are a family of genes involved in development of the nervous system and implicated, though genome-wide association studies, in a wide range of psychological, psychiatric and cardiometabolic conditions. Contactins are plausible candidates for shared pathology between mental and physical health. We used data from UK Biobank to systematically assess how genetic variation in contactin genes was associated with a wide range of psychological, psychiatric and cardiometabolic conditions. We also investigated whether associations for cardiometabolic and psychological traits represented the same or distinct signals and how the genetic variation might influence the measured traits. We identified: A novel genetic association between variation in CNTN1 and current smoking; two independent signals in CNTN4 for BMI; and demonstrated that associations between CNTN5 and neuroticism were distinct from those between CNTN5 and blood pressure/HbA1c. There was no evidence that the contactin genes contributed to shared aetiology between physical and mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Morris
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK; (J.M.); (S.S.Y.L.); (B.C.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (K.J.A.J.); (D.M.L.); (L.M.L.); (J.W.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Soddy Sau Yu Leung
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK; (J.M.); (S.S.Y.L.); (B.C.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (K.J.A.J.); (D.M.L.); (L.M.L.); (J.W.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Mark E.S. Bailey
- School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;
| | - Breda Cullen
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK; (J.M.); (S.S.Y.L.); (B.C.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (K.J.A.J.); (D.M.L.); (L.M.L.); (J.W.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Amy Ferguson
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK; (J.M.); (S.S.Y.L.); (B.C.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (K.J.A.J.); (D.M.L.); (L.M.L.); (J.W.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Nicholas Graham
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK; (J.M.); (S.S.Y.L.); (B.C.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (K.J.A.J.); (D.M.L.); (L.M.L.); (J.W.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Keira J. A. Johnston
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK; (J.M.); (S.S.Y.L.); (B.C.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (K.J.A.J.); (D.M.L.); (L.M.L.); (J.W.); (D.J.S.)
- School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;
- Deanery of Molecular, Genetic and Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Donald M. Lyall
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK; (J.M.); (S.S.Y.L.); (B.C.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (K.J.A.J.); (D.M.L.); (L.M.L.); (J.W.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Laura M. Lyall
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK; (J.M.); (S.S.Y.L.); (B.C.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (K.J.A.J.); (D.M.L.); (L.M.L.); (J.W.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Joey Ward
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK; (J.M.); (S.S.Y.L.); (B.C.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (K.J.A.J.); (D.M.L.); (L.M.L.); (J.W.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Daniel J. Smith
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK; (J.M.); (S.S.Y.L.); (B.C.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (K.J.A.J.); (D.M.L.); (L.M.L.); (J.W.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Rona J. Strawbridge
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK; (J.M.); (S.S.Y.L.); (B.C.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (K.J.A.J.); (D.M.L.); (L.M.L.); (J.W.); (D.J.S.)
- Health Data Research UK, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Bai W, Suzuki H, Huang J, Francis C, Wang S, Tarroni G, Guitton F, Aung N, Fung K, Petersen SE, Piechnik SK, Neubauer S, Evangelou E, Dehghan A, O'Regan DP, Wilkins MR, Guo Y, Matthews PM, Rueckert D. A population-based phenome-wide association study of cardiac and aortic structure and function. Nat Med 2020; 26:1654-1662. [PMID: 32839619 PMCID: PMC7613250 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-1009-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Differences in cardiac and aortic structure and function are associated with cardiovascular diseases and a wide range of other types of disease. Here we analyzed cardiovascular magnetic resonance images from a population-based study, the UK Biobank, using an automated machine-learning-based analysis pipeline. We report a comprehensive range of structural and functional phenotypes for the heart and aorta across 26,893 participants, and explore how these phenotypes vary according to sex, age and major cardiovascular risk factors. We extended this analysis with a phenome-wide association study, in which we tested for correlations of a wide range of non-imaging phenotypes of the participants with imaging phenotypes. We further explored the associations of imaging phenotypes with early-life factors, mental health and cognitive function using both observational analysis and Mendelian randomization. Our study illustrates how population-based cardiac and aortic imaging phenotypes can be used to better define cardiovascular disease risks as well as heart-brain health interactions, highlighting new opportunities for studying disease mechanisms and developing image-based biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Bai
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Hideaki Suzuki
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jian Huang
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Catherine Francis
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Shuo Wang
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Giacomo Tarroni
- Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK.,CitAI Research Centre, Department of Computer Science, City University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Nay Aung
- NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kenneth Fung
- NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Steffen E Petersen
- NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Stefan K Piechnik
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Declan P O'Regan
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yike Guo
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul M Matthews
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Rueckert
- Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK
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20
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Dalvie S, Maihofer AX, Coleman JRI, Bradley B, Breen G, Brick LA, Chen CY, Choi KW, Duncan LE, Guffanti G, Haas M, Harnal S, Liberzon I, Nugent NR, Provost AC, Ressler KJ, Torres K, Amstadter AB, Bryn Austin S, Baker DG, Bolger EA, Bryant RA, Calabrese JR, Delahanty DL, Farrer LA, Feeny NC, Flory JD, Forbes D, Galea S, Gautam A, Gelernter J, Hammamieh R, Jett M, Junglen AG, Kaufman ML, Kessler RC, Khan A, Kranzler HR, Lebois LAM, Marmar C, Mavissakalian MR, McFarlane A, Donnell MO, Orcutt HK, Pietrzak RH, Risbrough VB, Roberts AL, Rothbaum AO, Roy-Byrne P, Ruggiero K, Seligowski AV, Sheerin CM, Silove D, Smoller JW, Stein MB, Teicher MH, Ursano RJ, Van Hooff M, Winternitz S, Wolff JD, Yehuda R, Zhao H, Zoellner LA, Stein DJ, Koenen KC, Nievergelt CM. Genomic influences on self-reported childhood maltreatment. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:38. [PMID: 32066696 PMCID: PMC7026037 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is highly prevalent and serves as a risk factor for mental and physical disorders. Self-reported childhood maltreatment appears heritable, but the specific genetic influences on this phenotype are largely unknown. The aims of this study were to (1) identify genetic variation associated with self-reported childhood maltreatment, (2) estimate SNP-based heritability (h2snp), (3) assess predictive value of polygenic risk scores (PRS) for childhood maltreatment, and (4) quantify genetic overlap of childhood maltreatment with mental and physical health-related phenotypes, and condition the top hits from our analyses when such overlap is present. Genome-wide association analysis for childhood maltreatment was undertaken, using a discovery sample from the UK Biobank (UKBB) (n = 124,000) and a replication sample from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium-posttraumatic stress disorder group (PGC-PTSD) (n = 26,290). h2snp for childhood maltreatment and genetic correlations with mental/physical health traits were calculated using linkage disequilibrium score regression. PRS was calculated using PRSice and mtCOJO was used to perform conditional analysis. Two genome-wide significant loci associated with childhood maltreatment (rs142346759, p = 4.35 × 10-8, FOXP1; rs10262462, p = 3.24 × 10-8, FOXP2) were identified in the discovery dataset but were not replicated in PGC-PTSD. h2snp for childhood maltreatment was ~6% and the PRS derived from the UKBB was significantly predictive of childhood maltreatment in PGC-PTSD (r2 = 0.0025; p = 1.8 × 10-15). The most significant genetic correlation of childhood maltreatment was with depressive symptoms (rg = 0.70, p = 4.65 × 10-40), although we show evidence that our top hits may be specific to childhood maltreatment. This is the first large-scale genetic study to identify specific variants associated with self-reported childhood maltreatment. Speculatively, FOXP genes might influence externalizing traits and so be relevant to childhood maltreatment. Alternatively, these variants may be associated with a greater likelihood of reporting maltreatment. A clearer understanding of the genetic relationships of childhood maltreatment, including particular abuse subtypes, with a range of phenotypes, may ultimately be useful in in developing targeted treatment and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareefa Dalvie
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Adam X Maihofer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Research Service, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan R I Coleman
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- King's College London, NIHR BRC at the Maudsley, London, UK
| | - Bekh Bradley
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Mental Health Service Line, Decatur, GA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gerome Breen
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- King's College London, NIHR BRC at the Maudsley, London, UK
| | - Leslie A Brick
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Chia-Yen Chen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit (PNGU), Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Karmel W Choi
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laramie E Duncan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Guia Guffanti
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Magali Haas
- Cohen Veterans Bioscience, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Supriya Harnal
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Israel Liberzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicole R Nugent
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center of Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Kerry J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Katy Torres
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Research Service, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ananda B Amstadter
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - S Bryn Austin
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dewleen G Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Psychiatry Service, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Bolger
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Richard A Bryant
- Department of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Douglas L Delahanty
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
- Research and Sponsored Programs, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Norah C Feeny
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Janine D Flory
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandro Galea
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aarti Gautam
- US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, Department of Psychiatry, West Haven, CT, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, USACEHR, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Marti Jett
- US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, USACEHR, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Angela G Junglen
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Milissa L Kaufman
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Health Care Policy, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alaptagin Khan
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Health Care Policy, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren A M Lebois
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Charles Marmar
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Alexander McFarlane
- University of Adelaide, Centre for Traumatic Stress Studies, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Meaghan O' Donnell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Holly K Orcutt
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Victoria B Risbrough
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Research Service, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrea L Roberts
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alex O Rothbaum
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Peter Roy-Byrne
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ken Ruggiero
- Department of Nursing and Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Antonia V Seligowski
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Christina M Sheerin
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Derrick Silove
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Murray B Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Psychiatry Service, San Diego, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Million Veteran Program, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Martin H Teicher
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Ursano
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Miranda Van Hooff
- University of Adelaide, Centre for Traumatic Stress Studies, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sherry Winternitz
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | | | - Rachel Yehuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Mental Health, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lori A Zoellner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dan J Stein
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit (PNGU), Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline M Nievergelt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Research Service, San Diego, CA, USA
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21
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Genetic variation in CADM2 as a link between psychological traits and obesity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7339. [PMID: 31089183 PMCID: PMC6517397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CADM2 has been associated with a range of behavioural and metabolic traits, including physical activity, risk-taking, educational attainment, alcohol and cannabis use and obesity. Here, we set out to determine whether CADM2 contributes to mechanisms shared between mental and physical health disorders. We assessed genetic variants in the CADM2 locus for association with phenotypes in the UK Biobank, IMPROVE, PROCARDIS and SCARFSHEEP studies, before performing meta-analyses. A wide range of metabolic phenotypes were meta-analysed. Psychological phenotypes analysed in UK Biobank only were major depressive disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, neuroticism, mood instability and risk-taking behaviour. In UK Biobank, four, 88 and 172 genetic variants were significantly (p < 1 × 10−5) associated with neuroticism, mood instability and risk-taking respectively. In meta-analyses of 4 cohorts, we identified 362, 63 and 11 genetic variants significantly (p < 1 × 10−5) associated with BMI, SBP and CRP respectively. Genetic effects on BMI, CRP and risk-taking were all positively correlated, and were consistently inversely correlated with genetic effects on SBP, mood instability and neuroticism. Conditional analyses suggested an overlap in the signals for physical and psychological traits. Many significant variants had genotype-specific effects on CADM2 expression levels in adult brain and adipose tissues. CADM2 variants influence a wide range of both psychological and metabolic traits, suggesting common biological mechanisms across phenotypes via regulation of CADM2 expression levels in adipose tissue. Functional studies of CADM2 are required to fully understand mechanisms connecting mental and physical health conditions.
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22
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de Cates AN, Catone G, Bebbington P, Broome MR. Attempting to disentangle the relationship between impulsivity and longitudinal self-harm: Epidemiological analysis of UK household survey data. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2019; 65:114-122. [PMID: 30776948 DOI: 10.1177/0020764019827986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity may be an important risk factor in terms of future self-harm. However, the extent of this, whether it may relate to self-harm that is new in onset and/or repetition of self-harm, and the detail of any interaction with mood instability (MI) and childhood sexual abuse (CSA) requires detailed examination. AIMS We used the 2000 Adult Psychiatry Morbidity Survey and an 18-month follow-up data to test hypotheses relating to the role of impulsivity, CSA and MI in the inception and persistence of self-harm. METHODS We assessed associations of impulsivity with (1) suicidal self-harm (SSH) and (2) non-SSH (NSSH) at baseline and follow-up, controlling for confounders including MI. Finally, we tested whether impulsivity mediated the relationship between CSA and self-harm. RESULTS A total of 8,580 respondents were assessed at baseline and 2,406 at follow-up as planned. Impulsivity significantly predicted emergence of new NSSH at 18-month follow-up even after adjustment for MI and other confounders. Impulsivity did not significantly predict repetition of NSSH, or repetition or new inception of SSH, even before inclusion of MI in the model. However, the absolute numbers involved were small. Cross-sectionally, impulsivity was a stronger mediator of the link between CSA and SSH (13.1%) than that between CSA and NSSH (4.8%). CONCLUSION Impulsivity may increase the risk of future development of NSSH independently of MI, which is clinically important for risk assessment. The involvement of impulsivity in the repetition of self-harm generally appears less certain. However, impulsivity may have a role in SSH in the context of previous CSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angharad N de Cates
- 1 Unit of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,2 Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gennaro Catone
- 3 Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy.,4 Faculty of Educational Sciences, Suor Orsola Benincasa University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Paul Bebbington
- 5 Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew R Broome
- 6 Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,7 Institute for Mental Health and School of Psychology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Arrúe A, González-Torres MA, Basterreche N, Arnaiz A, Olivas O, Zamalloa MI, Erkoreka L, Catalán A, Zumárraga M. GAD1 gene polymorphisms are associated with bipolar I disorder and with blood homovanillic acid levels but not with plasma GABA levels. Neurochem Int 2019; 124:152-161. [PMID: 30625343 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Arrúe
- Departamento de Investigación Neuroquímica, Hospital de Zamudio, Red de Salud Mental de Bizkaia, Zamudio, Spain; BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.
| | - Miguel Angel González-Torres
- BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Basurto, Bilbao, Spain; Departamento de Neurociencias, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Nieves Basterreche
- BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; Departamento de Neurociencias, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Unidad de Hospitalización de Corta Estancia, Hospital de Zamudio, Red de Salud Mental de Bizkaia, Zamudio, Spain
| | - Ainara Arnaiz
- BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; Servicio de Rehabilitación, Hospital de Zamudio, Red de Salud Mental de Bizkaia, Zamudio, Spain
| | - Olga Olivas
- BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; Centro de Salud Mental de Gernika, Red de Salud Mental de Bizkaia, Gernika, Spain
| | - M Isabel Zamalloa
- Departamento de Investigación Neuroquímica, Hospital de Zamudio, Red de Salud Mental de Bizkaia, Zamudio, Spain; BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Leire Erkoreka
- BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; Departamento de Neurociencias, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Centro de Salud Mental Barakaldo, Red de Salud Mental de Bizkaia, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Ana Catalán
- BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Basurto, Bilbao, Spain; Departamento de Neurociencias, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Mercedes Zumárraga
- Departamento de Investigación Neuroquímica, Hospital de Zamudio, Red de Salud Mental de Bizkaia, Zamudio, Spain; BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
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