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Axe A, Patel N, Qaqish J, Ling MR, Araga M, Parkinson C, Goyal CR. Efficacy of an experimental toothpaste containing sodium bicarbonate, sodium hyaluronate and sodium fluoride on gingivitis. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:209. [PMID: 38336635 PMCID: PMC10858478 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03981-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gingivitis is driven by plaque accumulation and, if left untreated, can progress to irreversible periodontitis. For many, the mechanical action of toothbrushing does not achieve adequate plaque control. The aim of this study was to investigate whether twice-daily use of a toothpaste containing 0.2% high molecular weight (HMW) sodium hyaluronate with 67% sodium bicarbonate and 0.221% sodium fluoride (experimental toothpaste) could improve gingival health compared with a regular fluoride toothpaste (negative control). The study also assessed whether the experimental toothpaste could provide additive gingival health benefit over a toothpaste containing only 67% sodium bicarbonate and 0.221% sodium fluoride (positive control). METHODS This was a single-center, examiner-blinded, randomized, clinical study in healthy adults with mild-to-moderate gingivitis. At baseline, after abstaining from toothbrushing for 12 h, prospective participants underwent oral soft tissue (OST) and oral hard tissue examination followed by assessments for gingival inflammation (Modified Gingival Index [MGI]), gingival bleeding (Bleeding Index [BI]), and supra-gingival plaque (Turesky Plaque Index [TPI]). Eligible participants were stratified by gender and baseline number of bleeding sites (low: <45; high: ≥45 bleeding sites). Following randomization, participants underwent prophylactic dental treatment. Participants received a full OST examination, MGI, BI and TPI assessments after 3 days, 1, 2 and 6 weeks of product use. RESULTS In total, 110 participants were screened for study entry and all were randomized to receive one of three toothpastes (experimental: sodium hyaluronate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium fluoride; positive control: sodium bicarbonate, sodium fluoride; negative control: regular fluoride toothpaste). For all measures, significant improvements were observed in participants receiving either sodium bicarbonate-containing toothpaste (experimental or positive control) compared with the regular fluoride toothpaste (negative control) at week 6. No significant difference was observed in any assessment or visit comparing the experimental toothpaste with the positive control. CONCLUSIONS Both the experimental and the positive control toothpastes demonstrated clinically relevant improvements in gingival health compared with a regular fluoride toothpaste (negative control). However, no additional gingival health improvement was observed for the experimental toothpaste compared with the positive control, therefore, no additional gingival health benefit can be attributed to the inclusion of sodium hyaluronate in this formulation. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04737538 (04/02/2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Axe
- Haleon, St George's Avenue Weybridge, Surrey, ODE, KT13, UK.
| | - Nisha Patel
- Haleon, St George's Avenue Weybridge, Surrey, ODE, KT13, UK
| | | | - Martin R Ling
- Haleon, St George's Avenue Weybridge, Surrey, ODE, KT13, UK
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Parkinson CR, Butler A, Ling MR. Antigingivitis efficacy of a sodium bicarbonate toothpaste: Pooled analysis. Int J Dent Hyg 2023; 21:106-115. [PMID: 36106361 PMCID: PMC10092887 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the antigingivitis and antiplaque treatment effect of a toothpaste containing 67% w/w sodium bicarbonate, at the individual tooth site, tooth region and whole mouth (overall) level, by way of a pooled analysis of data from similarly designed clinical trials. METHODS Six randomized controlled GSKCH clinical trials, 12-24 weeks in duration, were selected based on pre-specified criteria which included access to patient level data, pre-treatment dental prophylaxis, >20 bleeding sites and mild-moderate gingivitis at screening and use of 67% sodium bicarbonate toothpaste and non-sodium bicarbonate (regular) toothpaste (negative control) for ≥4 weeks. Efficacy outcomes comprised plaque index (TPI), modified gingival index (MGI) and gingival bleeding (bleeding index (BI), number of bleeding sites (BS)). Treatment comparisons were made using ANCOVA for whole mouth (overall) scores and by tooth site region (facial overall, lingual overall; margin/body overall, facial margin/body, lingual margin/body; papillae/interproximal overall, facial papillae/interproximal, lingual papillae/interproximal). Pooled data for BI, MGI, and TPI at individual tooth sites was plotted as a mouthmap to summarize treatment response (change from baseline) by tooth site, at the 24-week timepoint. RESULTS For all measures, whole mouth and for all tooth regions at all post-treatment timepoints, significant (p < 0.001) differences in favour of the 67% sodium bicarbonate toothpaste compared with control were observed. At the 24-week timepoint, facial regions demonstrated greater improvements than lingual regions, with the greatest between treatment improvement seen for the facial-papillae regions for bleeding (BS/BI), facial-margin regions for MGI and facial-body regions for TPI. All individual tooth sites demonstrated numerically greater reductions from baseline for the 67% sodium bicarbonate toothpaste than the control toothpaste following 24 weeks use, with the greatest improvements (change from baseline) seen for posterior and papillae tooth sites for bleeding, margin tooth sites for MGI and body tooth sites for TPI. CONCLUSION This pooled analysis of patient level-data, limited to GSKCH long-term gingivitis clinical studies, demonstrates that twice daily use of a 67% sodium bicarbonate toothpaste effectively removes plaque from all tooth sites, and results in clinically significant improvements in measures of gingival health, overall and for all the tooth regions investigated, compared with a non-sodium bicarbonate (regular) toothpaste following 24 weeks twice daily use.
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TASCHIERI SILVIO, TUMEDEI MARGHERITA, FRANCETTI LUCA, CORBELLA STEFANO, DEL FABBRO MASSIMO. EFFICACY OF 67% SODIUM BICARBONATE TOOTHPASTE FOR PLAQUE AND GINGIVITIS CONTROL: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2022; 22:101709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2022.101709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Krikheli NI, Pustovoit EV, Zhuravleva EG. [The effectiveness of parodontax toothpaste in the complex treatment of chronic gingivitis]. STOMATOLOGII︠A︡ 2021; 100:50-54. [PMID: 33874661 DOI: 10.17116/stomat202110002150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
THE AIM OF THE STUDY Was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of parodontax Comprehensive Protection (GlaxoSmithKline, London, UK) toothpaste in the complex therapy of chronic gingivitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study involved 119 volunteers; group 1 (n=59, age range 18 to 32 years) and group 2 (n=60, age range 20 to 35 years) with a diagnosis of chronic gingivitis (K05.1). The criterion for inclusion in the study was sulcus bleeding index (SBI) more than 1 point. Dental examination included SBI, papillary-marginal-alveolar index (PMA), and Green-Vermillion oral hygiene index (OHI-S). After determining the indices, all patients underwent professional oral hygiene and controlled tooth cleaning. Patients in group 1 (parodontax) were prescribed parodontax Comprehensive Protection toothpaste (GlaxoSmithKline, London, UK), patients in group 2 - a toothpaste that did not contain sodium bicarbonate. Repeated clinical examinations with the determination of the SBI, PMA, OHI-S were carried out after week 2 and 4. RESULTS After 4 weeks, SBI scores in group 1 were 63% lower than at baseline, and in group 2 - by 30%. PMA values at 4 weeks in group 1 were 58% and in group 2 30% lower, compared to baseline levels. The results of the analysis of the OHI-S index showed a statistically significant decrease in group 1 by 75%, while in group 2 by only 8% from the initial values. The difference in all index values between groups at 4 weeks of the study was statistically significant (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The use of parodontax Comprehensive Protection Toothpaste (GlaxoSmithKline, London, UK) has been shown to reduce the clinical signs of biofilm-associated gingivitis and effectively maintain optimal oral hygiene in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I Krikheli
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Pustovoit
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - E G Zhuravleva
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
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Amorim AA, de Arruda CNF, Vivanco RG, Bikker F, de Pires-de-Souza FCP. Effect of phytosphingosine on staining resistance and microhardness of tooth enamel. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2020; 33:294-302. [PMID: 32445541 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the protective effect of phytosphingosine (PHS) against staining on dental enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-six specimens of bovine teeth (6 mm × 6 mm × 2 mm) were cut, and initial color (Easyshade, VITA), microhardness (HMV-2, Shimadzu) and fluorescence (Matlabs software, Matworks) measurements were performed. Specimens were separated into four groups according to the treatments: Distilled water (control); Human saliva (HS); PHS; PHS + HS. Specimens (n = 6) were submitted to staining procedures: Distilled water (immersion for 30 days-control); Coffee (15 minutes, twice a day/for 15 days); Black tea (as described for Coffee) and cigarette smoke (20 cigarettes/sample). Final measurements were performed, and data were analyzed (Color-CIEDE2000, fluorescence-2-way ANOVA, Tukey, and microhardness-Kruskal-Wallis Dunn, P < .05). RESULTS Coffee caused the highest color change (ΔE00 ), followed by black tea, regardless of the treatment employed. Distilled water and cigarette smoke produced similar color changes (P > .05) for the groups control (water = 1.0 + - 0.5/ cigarette = 2.3 0.3) and PHS (water = 0.8 0.4/ cigarette = 2.3 0.4). PHS + HS demonstrated intermediate means than PHS and HS when stained with coffee and tea. After treatments, the least fluorescence alterations occurred for the groups treated with distilled water and cigarette, regardless of the treatment, with no difference (P > .05) between them. There was a significant difference (P < .05) on microhardness between all the groups, as PHS + HS > PHS > HS > Distilled water. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that PHS treatment did not protect the staining of the enamel by coffee and tea, but increased the microhardness, both in the presence and absence of a salivary pellicle. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Phytoshingosine is a novel agent and considered a promising component for anti-biofilm and anti-erosion properties by the formation of a diffusion barrier on the dental enamel. In line, PHS might be considered for anti-staining purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodele Alves Amorim
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo., Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Noronha Ferraz de Arruda
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo., Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rocio Geng Vivanco
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo., Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Floris Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mason S, Young S, Araga M, Butler A, Lucas R, Milleman JL, Milleman KR. Stain control with two experimental dentin hypersensitivity toothpastes containing spherical silica: a randomised, early-phase development study. BDJ Open 2019; 5:8. [PMID: 31231545 PMCID: PMC6554270 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-019-0016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To determine in human participants whether toothpastes containing small quantities of a novel spherical silica, added to provide enhanced cleaning properties, could achieve similar or greater extrinsic dental stain removal compared to toothpastes containing standard dental abrasive silica concentrations. Materials and methods One hundred and twenty-three adults with extrinsic dental stain were randomised to one of four parallel groups for 8 weeks’ twice-daily brushing with an experimental toothpaste containing either 0.5% or 1% spherical silica (with relative dentin abrasivity [RDA] of ~38 and ~58, respectively), or marketed toothpastes containing either 6% (RDA ~ 36) or 16% (RDA ~ 166) standard abrasive silica. The objective was to evaluate the ranking order in extrinsic dental stain removal at Week 8, as measured by MacPherson modification of Lobene stain index Area × Intensity. Results Small treatment differences were observed between toothpaste formulations. The ranking order in extrinsic dental stain removal was: experimental 1% spherical silica toothpaste >16% standard abrasive silica toothpaste >6% standard abrasive silica toothpaste >experimental 0.5% spherical silica toothpaste. Toothpastes were generally well tolerated. Conclusion This early-phase development study suggests that toothpaste formulations with low concentrations of a novel spherical silica abrasive with high-cleaning capability are generally well tolerated and appropriate for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Mason
- GSK Consumer Healthcare, St George's Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey KT13 0DE UK
| | - Sarah Young
- GSK Consumer Healthcare, St George's Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey KT13 0DE UK
| | - Mako Araga
- GSK Consumer Healthcare, 184 Liberty Corner Road, Warren, NJ 07059 USA
| | - Andrew Butler
- GSK Consumer Healthcare, St George's Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey KT13 0DE UK
| | - Robert Lucas
- GSK Consumer Healthcare, St George's Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey KT13 0DE UK
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Valkenburg C, Kashmour Y, Dao A, Fridus Van der Weijden GA, Slot DE. The efficacy of baking soda dentifrice in controlling plaque and gingivitis: A systematic review. Int J Dent Hyg 2019; 17:99-116. [PMID: 30734996 PMCID: PMC6850485 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the efficacy of a dentifrice containing baking soda (BS), compared with dentifrice without BS for controlling plaque and gingivitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS MEDLINE-PubMed and Cochrane-CENTRAL were searched. The inclusion criteria were randomized controlled clinical trials including healthy participants aged 18 years or older. Studies were selected that compared the effect of toothbrushing with a dentifrice with and without BS on the clinical parameters of plaque and gingivitis. Data were extracted from the selected studies, and a meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS The search retrieved 21 eligible publications. Among these papers, 43 comparisons were provided, with 23 involving a single-use design and 20 being evaluations with a follow-up. Negative controls were found, or positive controls for which various active ingredients had been used. The included studies showed a moderate overall potential risk of bias and considerable heterogeneity. The meta-analysis of plaque scores from the single-brushing experiments showed that BS dentifrice (BS-DF) was associated with significantly better outcomes than the negative control dentifrices (DiffM -0.20; P < 0.0001; 95% CI: [-0.27; -0.12]) or the positive control dentifrices (DiffM -0.18; P < 0.0001; 95% CI: [-0.24; -0.12]). This finding was only confirmed in studies that used a follow-up design as compared to a negative control (DiffM -0.19; P = 0.01; 95% CI: [-0.34; -0.04]). The indices of gingival bleeding also improved when the comparison was a negative control (DiffM -0.08; P = 0.02; 95% CI: [-0.16; -0.01] and (DiffM -0.13; P < 0.001; 95% CI: [-0.18; -0.08]. However, for the gingival index scores, the meta-analysis did not reveal any significant differences. CONCLUSION BS-DF showed promising results with respect to plaque removal in single-use studies. However, the finding was partially substantiated in follow-up studies. Studies that assessed bleeding scores indicated that a small reduction can be expected from BS, relative to a control product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cees Valkenburg
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yasmin Kashmour
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angelique Dao
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G A Fridus Van der Weijden
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dagmar Else Slot
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Endoh M, Takayanagi A, Fujiseki M, Eda Y, Itano M, Yano Y. Effects of Toothpaste Containing Granular Calcium Carbonate on Oral Health. J Int Oral Health 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jioh.jioh_37_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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