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Wei M, Xie C, Huang J, Liu Q, Lai Y. Autologous followed by allogeneic versus tandem-autologous transplantation in high-risk, newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hematology 2023; 28:2269509. [PMID: 37850613 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2023.2269509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High-risk multiple myeloma (HRMM) is associated with poor survival, despite many advances in antimyeloma strategies. Autologous followed by allogeneic stem cell transplantation (auto-allo-SCT) has yielded controversial results compared to tandem autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT) in patients with HRMM. We conducted this meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of auto-allo-SCT and tandem-auto-SCT in patients with HRMM. METHODS Embase, Cochrane Library, and PubMed databases were searched until March 2023. Prospective or retrospective studies comparing the effects of auto-allo-SCT and tandem-auto-SCT were included. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for time-to-event outcomes, and odds ratios (ORs) and 95%CIs for dichotomous outcomes were pooled using random-effects models. RESULTS Three studies involving 491 patients were included. Despite auto-allo-SCT seemed to be associated with improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) (HR [95%CI], 0.71 [0.51-1.00]) and complete response (CR) (OR [95%CI], 3.16 [1.67-5.99]), and reduced relapse/progression rates (47% vs. 55%) in comparison with tandem-auto-SCT, no marked improvement in overall survival (OS). In comparison to tandem-auto-SCT, patients assigned to auto-allo-SCT exhibited a higher risk of transplant-related mortality (TRM) (11.9% vs. 4.1%) and non-relapse mortality (NRM) (12.3% vs. 3.1%). CONCLUSION Auto-allo-SCT seemed to be associated with improvements in PFS and CR when compared to tandem-auto-SCT in patients with HRMM, but it did not lead to a significant improvement in OS. Furthermore, patients in the auto-allo-SCT group were at a higher risk of developing TRM and NRM. Auto-allo-SCT transplantation should not be routinely incorporated into HRMM therapy but rather should be considered investigational.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wei
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hematology, Liuzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Xie
- Department of Hematology, Liuzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxiong Huang
- Department of Hematology, Liuzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Hematology, Liuzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongrong Lai
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
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2
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Hui H, Fuller KA, Eresta Jaya L, Konishi Y, Ng TF, Frodsham R, Speight G, Yamada K, Clarke SE, Erber WN. IGH cytogenetic abnormalities can be detected in multiple myeloma by imaging flow cytometry. J Clin Pathol 2023; 76:763-769. [PMID: 36113967 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cytogenetic abnormalities involving the IGH gene are seen in up to 55% of patients with multiple myeloma. Current testing is performed manually by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) on purified plasma cells. We aimed to assess whether an automated imaging flow cytometric method that uses immunophenotypic cell identification, and does not require cell isolation, can identify IGH abnormalities. METHODS Aspirated bone marrow from 10 patients with multiple myeloma were studied. Plasma cells were identified by CD38 and CD138 coexpression and assessed with FISH probes for numerical or structural abnormalities of IGH. Thousands of cells were acquired on an imaging flow cytometer and numerical data and digital images were analysed. RESULTS Up to 30 000 cells were acquired and IGH chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 5 of the 10 marrow samples. FISH signal patterns seen included fused IGH signals for IGH/FGFR3 and IGH/MYEOV, indicating t(4;14) and t(11;14), respectively. In addition, three IGH signals were identified, indicating trisomy 14 or translocation with an alternate chromosome. The lowest limit of detection of an IGH abnormality was in 0.05% of all cells. CONCLUSIONS This automated high-throughput immuno-flowFISH method was able to identify translocations and trisomy involving the IGH gene in plasma cells in multiple myeloma. Thousands of cells were analysed and without prior cell isolation. The inclusion of positive plasma cell identification based on immunophenotype led to a lowest detection level of 0.05% marrow cells. This imaging flow cytometric FISH method offers the prospect of increased precision of detection of critical genetic lesions involving IGH and other chromosomal defects in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Hui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, WA Australia
| | - Kathy A Fuller
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, WA Australia
| | | | | | - Teng Fong Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, WA Australia
| | | | | | | | - Sarah E Clarke
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, WA Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Wendy N Erber
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, WA Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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3
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Kalal AA, Meenakshi A, Shetty V, Shetty KP, Krishna R, Shetty RA, Kulkarni NV, Shetty DP. A diagnostic approach to detect cytogenetic heterogeneity and its prognostic significance in multiple myeloma. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:1138-1147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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Fitzpatrick MJ, Murali MR, Nardi V. Molecular Diagnostics of Plasma Cell Neoplasms. Surg Pathol Clin 2023; 16:401-410. [PMID: 37149365 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Genetic characterization of myeloma at diagnosis by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization and next-generation sequencing (NGS) can assist with risk stratification and treatment planning. Measurable residual disease (MRD) status after treatment, as evaluated by next-generation flow cytometry or NGS on bone marrow aspirate material, is one of the most important predictors of prognosis. Less-invasive tools for MRD assessment such as liquid biopsy approaches have also recently emerged as potential alternatives.
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5
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Kadam Amare P, Nikalje Khasnis S, Hande P, Lele H, Wable N, Kaskar S, Nikam Gujar N, Gardi N, Prabhudesai A, Todi K, Waghole R, Roy P. Cytogenetic Abnormalities in Multiple Myeloma: Incidence, Prognostic Significance, and Geographic Heterogeneity in Indian and Western Populations. Cytogenet Genome Res 2023; 162:529-540. [PMID: 36780889 PMCID: PMC10534967 DOI: 10.1159/000529191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a genetically complex and heterogeneous neoplasm in which cytogenetics is a major factor playing an important role in the risk stratification of disease. High-risk MM based upon cytogenetic classification includes primary IGH translocations t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), and secondary progressive aberrations such as gain/amp(1q), 1p deletion, del(17p), and hypodiploidy. Several studies have proved that interphase FISH can detect primary as well as secondary cryptic aberrations very efficiently in lowest 5-10% abnormal plasma cell population. The present large-scale study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence of cytogenetic abnormalities, to analyse the correlation of conventional karyotyping with FISH, and to seek the geographic heterogeneity in the incidence of primary as well as secondary aberrations in our Indian versus Western populations. We conducted prospective studies of 1,104 patients consecutively referred from the primary, secondary, and tertiary oncology centres from all over India. Interphase FISH was performed on isolated plasma cells. Karyotype analysis was done as per ISCN 2016 and 2020. FISH could detect cytogenetic abnormalities in 67.6% of the cases with an incidence of 59% non-hyperdiploidy. The incidence of IGH translocation was 26% versus literature frequency of 40-50% which was mainly due to a low incidence (6%) of t(11;14) in contrast to 15-20% in other series. Additionally, the association of secondary progressive aberrations in the hyperdiploid group rather than the non-hyperdiploid group in our patients is not a common finding. A biallelic inactivation of TP53 as an ultra-high risk factor was detected in old-aged patients. These observations disclose the novel findings and strongly indicate the racial disparity which leads to geographic heterogeneity. In contrast to FISH, conventional karyotyping could detect MM-related aberrations in 50% of cases, of which 44% revealed highly complex karyotypes with common aberrations of chromosome 1q. Overall, FISH was found to be a novel, easy approach with high success rate and capability of detection of all cytogenetic abnormalities that add valid information for the risk stratification of disease. This, in future, in combination with mutation profile and gene expression profile will help in further refinement of disease and identification of actionable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Kadam Amare
- Oncocytogenetics and Oncomolecular Department, Lilac Insights Pvt. Ltd, Navi Mumbai, India
| | | | - Pranita Hande
- Oncocytogenetics and Oncomolecular Department, Lilac Insights Pvt. Ltd, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Hrushikesh Lele
- Oncocytogenetics and Oncomolecular Department, Lilac Insights Pvt. Ltd, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Nishigandha Wable
- Oncocytogenetics and Oncomolecular Department, Lilac Insights Pvt. Ltd, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Snehal Kaskar
- Oncocytogenetics and Oncomolecular Department, Lilac Insights Pvt. Ltd, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Nikita Nikam Gujar
- Oncocytogenetics and Oncomolecular Department, Lilac Insights Pvt. Ltd, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Nilesh Gardi
- ACTREC, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Aniket Prabhudesai
- Oncocytogenetics and Oncomolecular Department, Lilac Insights Pvt. Ltd, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Karishma Todi
- Oncocytogenetics and Oncomolecular Department, Lilac Insights Pvt. Ltd, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Rohit Waghole
- Oncocytogenetics and Oncomolecular Department, Lilac Insights Pvt. Ltd, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Pritha Roy
- Oncocytogenetics and Oncomolecular Department, Lilac Insights Pvt. Ltd, Navi Mumbai, India
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6
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Schmidt TM. High or low? Assessing disease risk in multiple myeloma. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2022; 2022:349-355. [PMID: 36485159 PMCID: PMC9820796 DOI: 10.1182/hematology.2022000347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Based upon the development of highly effective therapies such as immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies that target plasma cell biology, a dramatic improvement in overall survival has been observed for most patients with multiple myeloma (MM) over the past 2 decades. Although it is now commonplace for many patients with myeloma to live in excess of 10 years after diagnosis, unfortunately a large subset of patients continues to experience an aggressive disease course marked by substantial morbidity and early mortality. Many clinical biomarkers and staging systems in use today can help with prognostication, but accurate risk assessment can be difficult due to the presence of many different biomarkers with variable prognostic value. Furthermore, with the implementation of novel therapies and unprecedented rates of deep and durable responses, it is becoming apparent that risk assessment is best envisioned as a dynamic process that requires ongoing reevaluation. As risk and response-adapted approaches are becoming more commonplace, it is essential that clinicians understand the biological and prognostic implications of clinical, genomic, and response-based biomarkers in order to promote management strategies that will help improve both survival and quality of life for patients across the risk spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Martin Schmidt
- Correspondence Timothy Martin Schmidt, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, K6/544 Clinical Sciences Center, MC5669, Madison, WI 53792; e-mail:
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7
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Jiang Q, Mao H, He G, Mao X. Targeting the oncogenic transcription factor c-Maf for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Cancer Lett 2022; 543:215791. [PMID: 35700821 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy derived from clonal expansion of plasma cells within the bone marrow and it may progress to the extramedullary region in late stage of the disease course. c-Maf, an oncogenic zipper leucine transcription factor, is overexpressed in more than 50% MM cell lines and primary species in association with chromosomal translocation, aberrant signaling transduction and modulation of stability. By triggering the transcription of critical genes including CCND2, ITGB7, CCR1, ARK5, c-Maf promotes MM progress, proliferation, survival and chemoresistance. Notably, c-Maf is usually expressed at the embryonic stage to promote cell differentiation but less expressed in healthy adult cells. c-Maf has long been proposed as a promising therapeutic target of MM and a panel of small molecule compounds have been identified to downregulate c-Maf and display potent anti-myeloma activities. In the current article, we take a concise summary on the advances in c-Maf biology, pathophysiology, and targeted drug discovery in the potential treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China; Guangdong Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protein Modifications and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China
| | - Hongwu Mao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China
| | - Guisong He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China.
| | - Xinliang Mao
- Guangdong Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protein Modifications and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China.
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8
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Wiedmeier-Nutor JE, Bergsagel PL. Review of Multiple Myeloma Genetics including Effects on Prognosis, Response to Treatment, and Diagnostic Workup. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12060812. [PMID: 35743843 PMCID: PMC9225019 DOI: 10.3390/life12060812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a disorder of the monoclonal plasma cells and is the second most common hematologic malignancy. Despite improvements in survival with newer treatment regimens, multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease and most patients experience multiple relapses. Multiple myeloma disease initiation and progression are highly dependent on complex genetic aberrations. This review will summarize the current knowledge of these genetic aberrations, how they affect prognosis and the response to treatment, and review sensitive molecular techniques for multiple myeloma workup, with the ultimate goal of detecting myeloma progression early, allowing for timely treatment initiation.
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9
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Abdel-Qader HY, Fouad DA, Abuelela SA, Ismail HMA, Boshnaq NH. Clonal heterogeneity by fluorescence in situ hybridization in multiple myeloma: enhanced cytogenetic risk stratification. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022; 23:66. [PMID: 37521829 PMCID: PMC8923967 DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is a proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells that accumulate in bone marrow, leading to bone destruction and marrow failure. Cytogenetic analysis is a challenge in MM because of the low mitotic activity and the rapid loss of plasma cells viability in bone marrow culture. Adding mitogens such as interleukin 6 (IL6) is known to promote the in vitro growth of myeloma cell lines and enhance the fluorescence in situ hybridization application. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic impact of cytogenetic abnormalities detected by enhanced interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (iFISH) technique in Egyptian MM patients. Results Patients who had hyperdiploidy significantly presented with higher Hb level and lower calcium levels compared to non-hyperdiploid patients. They were staged as stage I and II by International staging system (ISS) and considered as standard risk showing better response to treatment. On the contrary, features associated with a worse outcome were patients having del 17p and those belonged to intermediate and high risk groups. Conclusion In conclusion, adding interleukin 6 to MM cell culture promotes the in vitro growth of myeloma cells and enhances the successful application of FISH technique. A comprehensive FISH probe set investigating high, intermediate and low-risk cytogenetic abnormalities is needed for accurate risk stratification. Hyperdiploid-myeloma is a favorable risk genetic subtype of MM associated with rapid response to therapy compared to patients having del 17p, t(4;14), and other 14q rearrangements rather than t(11;14) and t(6;14).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dina Adel Fouad
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soha Ahmed Abuelela
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Noha Hussein Boshnaq
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Aksenova AY, Zhuk AS, Lada AG, Zotova IV, Stepchenkova EI, Kostroma II, Gritsaev SV, Pavlov YI. Genome Instability in Multiple Myeloma: Facts and Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5949. [PMID: 34885058 PMCID: PMC8656811 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant neoplasm of terminally differentiated immunoglobulin-producing B lymphocytes called plasma cells. MM is the second most common hematologic malignancy, and it poses a heavy economic and social burden because it remains incurable and confers a profound disability to patients. Despite current progress in MM treatment, the disease invariably recurs, even after the transplantation of autologous hematopoietic stem cells (ASCT). Biological processes leading to a pathological myeloma clone and the mechanisms of further evolution of the disease are far from complete understanding. Genetically, MM is a complex disease that demonstrates a high level of heterogeneity. Myeloma genomes carry numerous genetic changes, including structural genome variations and chromosomal gains and losses, and these changes occur in combinations with point mutations affecting various cellular pathways, including genome maintenance. MM genome instability in its extreme is manifested in mutation kataegis and complex genomic rearrangements: chromothripsis, templated insertions, and chromoplexy. Chemotherapeutic agents used to treat MM add another level of complexity because many of them exacerbate genome instability. Genome abnormalities are driver events and deciphering their mechanisms will help understand the causes of MM and play a pivotal role in developing new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Y. Aksenova
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna S. Zhuk
- International Laboratory “Computer Technologies”, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Artem G. Lada
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Irina V. Zotova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.V.Z.); (E.I.S.)
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, St. Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena I. Stepchenkova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.V.Z.); (E.I.S.)
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, St. Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan I. Kostroma
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.K.); (S.V.G.)
| | - Sergey V. Gritsaev
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.K.); (S.V.G.)
| | - Youri I. Pavlov
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Pathology, Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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11
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Calvo Sánchez J, Köhn M. Small but Mighty-The Emerging Role of snoRNAs in Hematological Malignancies. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:68. [PMID: 34842767 PMCID: PMC8629011 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, the long known class of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) have gained interest among the scientific community, especially in the clinical context. The main molecular role of this interesting family of non-coding RNAs is to serve as scaffolding RNAs to mediate site-specific RNA modification of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). With the development of new sequencing techniques and sophisticated analysis pipelines, new members of the snoRNA family were identified and global expression patterns in disease backgrounds could be determined. We will herein shed light on the current research progress in snoRNA biology and their clinical role by influencing disease outcome in hematological diseases. Astonishingly, in recent studies snoRNAs emerged as potent biomarkers in a variety of these clinical setups, which is also highlighted by the frequent deregulation of snoRNA levels in the hema-oncological context. However, research is only starting to reveal how snoRNAs might influence cellular functions and the connected disease hallmarks in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcel Köhn
- Junior Research Group ‘RBPs and ncRNAs in Human Diseases’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Saale, Germany;
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12
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Zito Marino F, Brunelli M, Rossi G, Calabrese G, Caliò A, Nardiello P, Martignoni G, Squire JA, Cheng L, Massi D, Franco R. Multitarget fluorescence in situ hybridization diagnostic applications in solid and hematological tumors. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:161-173. [PMID: 33593207 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1887733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Multitarget FISH (mFISH) is a technique allowing for simultaneous detection of multiple targets sequences on the same slide through the choice of spectrally distinct fluorophore labels. The mFISH could represent a useful tool in the field of precision oncology.Areas covered: This review discusses the potential applications of mFISH technology in the molecular diagnosis of different solid and hematological tumors, including non-small cell lung cancers, melanomas, renal cell carcinomas, bladder carcinomas, germ cell tumors, and multiple myeloma, as commonly required in the clinical practice.Expert Opinion: In this emerging era of the tailored therapies and newer histo-molecular classifications, there are increasing numbers of predictive and diagnostic biomarkers required for effective clinical care. The mFISH approach may have several applications in the common clinical practice, improving the molecular diagnosis in terms of time, cost and preservation of biomaterial for tumors with a limited amount of tumor available. The mFISH provides several advantages compared to other high-throughput technologies; however, it requires high level of expertise required to interpret complex results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Zito Marino
- Department of Mental and Physic Health and Preventive Medicine, Pathology Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Matteo Brunelli
- Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulio Rossi
- Pathology Unit, Ospedale Santa Maria Delle Croci, Ravenna, Italy
| | | | - Anna Caliò
- Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pamela Nardiello
- Section of Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence Florence, Italy
| | - Guido Martignoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jeremy A Squire
- Departments of Genetics, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Daniela Massi
- Section of Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence Florence, Italy
| | - Renato Franco
- Department of Mental and Physic Health and Preventive Medicine, Pathology Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
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Lee N, Kim SM, Lee Y, Jeong D, Yun J, Ryu S, Yoon SS, Ahn YO, Hwang SM, Lee DS. Prognostic value of integrated cytogenetic, somatic variation, and copy number variation analyses in Korean patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246322. [PMID: 33544757 PMCID: PMC7864461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the prognostic value of gene variants and copy number variations (CNVs) in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM), an integrative genomic analysis was performed. METHODS Sixty-seven patients with NDMM exhibiting more than 60% plasma cells in the bone marrow aspirate were enrolled in the study. Whole-exome sequencing was conducted on bone marrow nucleated cells. Mutation and CNV analyses were performed using the CNVkit and Nexus Copy Number software. In addition, karyotype and fluorescent in situ hybridization were utilized for the integrated analysis. RESULTS Eighty-three driver gene mutations were detected in 63 patients with NDMM. The median number of mutations per patient was 2.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.0-3.0, range = 0-8). MAML2 and BHLHE41 mutations were associated with decreased survival. CNVs were detected in 56 patients (72.7%; 56/67). The median number of CNVs per patient was 6.0 (95% CI = 5.7-7.0; range = 0-16). Among the CNVs, 1q gain, 6p gain, 6q loss, 8p loss, and 13q loss were associated with decreased survival. Additionally, 1q gain and 6p gain were independent adverse prognostic factors. Increased numbers of CNVs and driver gene mutations were associated with poor clinical outcomes. Cluster analysis revealed that patients with the highest number of driver mutations along with 1q gain, 6p gain, and 13q loss exhibited the poorest prognosis. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the known prognostic factors, the integrated analysis of genetic variations and CNVs could contribute to prognostic stratification of patients with NDMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Min Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngeun Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dajeong Jeong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiwon Yun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sohee Ryu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Oon Ahn
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Mee Hwang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Soon Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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