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Gedvilaite-Vaicechauskiene G, Kriauciuniene L, Tamasauskas A, Rovite V, Mandrika I, Wu SN, Huang CW, Poskiene L, Liutkeviciene R. Pituitary Adenoma: SSTR2 rs2236750, SSTR5 rs34037914, and AIP rs267606574 Genetic Variants, Serum Levels, and Ki-67 Labeling Index Associations. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1252. [PMID: 39202532 PMCID: PMC11356775 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60081252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study explores the complex pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas (PAs), prevalent intracranial tumors in the pituitary gland. Despite their generally benign nature, PAs exhibit a diverse clinical spectrum involving hormone hypersecretion and varying invasiveness, hinting at multifaceted molecular mechanisms and abnormalities in tumorigenesis and gene regulation. Materials and Methods: The investigation focuses on the Ki-67 labeling index, SSTR2 rs2236750, SSTR5 rs34037914, and AIP rs267606574 polymorphisms, alongside serum levels of SSTR2, SSTR5, and AIP, to discern their association with PAs. The Ki-67 labeling index was assessed using immunohistochemical analysis with the monoclonal antibody clone SP6, representing the percentage of tumor cells showing positive staining. Genotyping was performed via real-time polymerase chain reaction, and serum levels were analyzed using ELISA. The study included 128 PA patients and 272 reference group subjects. Results: The results derived from binary logistic regression analysis revealed an intriguing correlation between the SSTR2 rs2236750 AG genotype and approximately a 1.6-fold increased likelihood of PA occurrence. When analyzing SSTR5 rs34037914, statistically significant differences were found between Micro-PA and the reference group (p = 0.022). Additionally, the SSTR5 rs34037914 TT genotype, compared with CC + CT, under the most robust genetic model (selected based on the lowest AIC value), was associated with a 12-fold increased odds of Micro-PA occurrence. However, it is noteworthy that after applying Bonferroni correction, these findings did not retain statistical significance. Conclusions: Consequently, while this study hinted at a potential link between SSTR2 rs2236750 and pituitary adenoma development, as well as a potential link between SSTR5 rs34037914 and Micro-PA development, it underscored the need for further analysis involving a larger cohort to robustly validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loresa Kriauciuniene
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 2, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Arimantas Tamasauskas
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 2, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vita Rovite
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre (BMC), LV-1067 Rīga, Latvia
| | - Ilona Mandrika
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre (BMC), LV-1067 Rīga, Latvia
| | - Sheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan City 704, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wei Huang
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan City 704, Taiwan
| | - Lina Poskiene
- Department of Pathology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Liutkeviciene
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 2, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
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2
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Yin M, Liu L, Yan Y, Wang H, Li W, Dong Y, Kong G. A targeting nanoplatform for chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy of small-cell lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2024. [PMID: 38985144 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.35065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The precise delivery of drugs to tumor sites and the thermoresistance of tumors remain major challenges in photothermal therapy (PTT). Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) is proposed as an ideal target for the precise treatment of SCLC. We developed a targeting nano-drug delivery system comprising anti-SSTR2 monoclonal antibody (MAb) surface-modified nanoparticles co-encapsulating Cypate and gambogic acid (GA). The formed SGCPNs demonstrated excellent monodispersity, physiological stability, preferable biocompatibility, and resultant efficient photothermal conversion efficacy. SGCPNs were quickly internalized by SSTR2-overexpressing SCLC cells, triggering the release of GA under acidic and near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation environments, leading to their escape from lysosomes to the cytosol and then diffusion into the nucleus. SGCPNs can not only decrease the cell survival rate but also inhibit the activity of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). SGCPNs can be precisely delivered to xenograft tumors of SSTR2-positive SCLC in vivo. Upon NIR laser irradiation, therapy of SGCPNs showed significant tumor regression. In conclusion, SGCPNs provide a new chemo-photothermal synergistic treatment strategy for targeting SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moli Yin
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Jilin Collaborative Innovation Center for Antibody Engineering, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Jilin Collaborative Innovation Center for Antibody Engineering, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Yu Yan
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Huiyan Wang
- Jilin Collaborative Innovation Center for Antibody Engineering, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Wenliang Li
- Jilin Collaborative Innovation Center for Antibody Engineering, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Yuan Dong
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Guangyao Kong
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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3
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Zhang J, Hu F, Aras O, Chai Y, An F. Small Molecule-Drug Conjugates: Opportunities for the Development of Targeted Anticancer Drugs. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300720. [PMID: 38396351 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy is insufficient for precise cancer treatment due to its lack of selectivity and inevitable side effects. Targeted drugs have emerged as a promising solution for precise cancer treatment. A common strategy is to conjugate therapeutic agents with ligands that can specifically bind to tumor cells, providing targeted therapy. Similar to the more successful antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), small molecule drug conjugates (SMDCs) are another promising class of targeted drugs, consisting of three parts: targeting ligand, cleavable linker and payload. Compared to ADCs, SMDCs have the advantages of smaller size, better permeability, simpler preparation process and non-immunogenicity, making them a promising alternative to ADCs. This review describes the characteristics of the targeting ligand, linker and payload of SMDCs and the criteria for selecting a suitable one. We also discuss recently reported SMDCs and list some successful SMDCs that have entered clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Fanchun Hu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Omer Aras
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yichao Chai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Jiaotong University, No.157 Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Feifei An
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
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4
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Chen K, Ernst P, Kim S, Si Y, Varadkar T, Ringel MD, Liu X“M, Zhou L. An Innovative Mitochondrial-targeted Gene Therapy for Cancer Treatment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.24.584499. [PMID: 38585739 PMCID: PMC10996521 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.24.584499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Targeting cancer cell mitochondria holds great therapeutic promise, yet current strategies to specifically and effectively destroy cancer mitochondria in vivo are limited. Here, we introduce mLumiOpto, an innovative mitochondrial-targeted luminoptogenetics gene therapy designed to directly disrupt the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) potential and induce cancer cell death. We synthesize a blue light-gated channelrhodopsin (CoChR) in the IMM and co-express a blue bioluminescence-emitting Nanoluciferase (NLuc) in the cytosol of the same cells. The mLumiOpto genes are selectively delivered to cancer cells in vivo by using adeno-associated virus (AAV) carrying a cancer-specific promoter or cancer-targeted monoclonal antibody-tagged exosome-associated AAV. Induction with NLuc luciferin elicits robust endogenous bioluminescence, which activates mitochondrial CoChR, triggering cancer cell IMM permeability disruption, mitochondrial damage, and subsequent cell death. Importantly, mLumiOpto demonstrates remarkable efficacy in reducing tumor burden and killing tumor cells in glioblastoma or triple-negative breast cancer xenografted mouse models. These findings establish mLumiOpto as a novel and promising therapeutic strategy by targeting cancer cell mitochondria in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Patrick Ernst
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Seulhee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yingnan Si
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Tanvi Varadkar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew D. Ringel
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaoguang “Margaret” Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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5
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Chen K, Kim S, Yang S, Varadkar T, Zhou ZZ, Zhang J, Zhou L, Liu XM. Advanced biomanufacturing and evaluation of adeno-associated virus. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:15. [PMID: 38360753 PMCID: PMC10868095 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-024-00409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) has been developed as a safe and effective gene delivery vehicle to treat rare genetic diseases. This study aimed to establish a novel biomanufacturing process to achieve high production and purification of various AAV serotypes (AAV2, 5, DJ, DJ8). First, a robust suspensive production process was developed and optimized using Gibco Viral Production Cell 2.0 in 30-60 mL shaker flask cultures by evaluating host cells, cell density at the time of transfection and plasmid amount, adapted to 60-100 mL spinner flask production, and scaled up to 1.2-2.0-L stirred-tank bioreactor production at 37 °C, pH 7.0, 210 rpm and DO 40%. The optimal process generated AAV titer of 7.52-8.14 × 1010 vg/mL. Second, a new AAV purification using liquid chromatography was developed and optimized to reach recovery rate of 85-95% of all four serotypes. Post-purification desalting and concentration procedures were also investigated. Then the generated AAVs were evaluated in vitro using Western blotting, transmission electron microscope, confocal microscope and bioluminescence detection. Finally, the in vivo infection and functional gene expression of AAV were confirmed in tumor xenografted mouse model. In conclusion, this study reported a robust, scalable, and universal biomanufacturing platform of AAV production, clarification and purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), 151 W Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Seulhee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 W 19th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Siying Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), 151 W Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Tanvi Varadkar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), 151 W Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Zhuoxin Zora Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), 151 W Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jiashuai Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 W 19th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 W 19th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Margaret Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), 151 W Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), The Ohio State University, 650 Ackerman Rd, Columbus, OH, 43202, USA.
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Saleh Z, Moccia MC, Ladd Z, Joneja U, Li Y, Spitz F, Hong YK, Gao T. Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Signaling Pathways and Epigenetic Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1331. [PMID: 38279330 PMCID: PMC10816436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are characterized by dysregulated signaling pathways that are crucial for tumor formation and progression. The efficacy of traditional therapies is limited, particularly in the treatment of PNETs at an advanced stage. Epigenetic alterations profoundly impact the activity of signaling pathways in cancer development, offering potential opportunities for drug development. There is currently a lack of extensive research on epigenetic regulation in PNETs. To fill this gap, we first summarize major signaling events that are involved in PNET development. Then, we discuss the epigenetic regulation of these signaling pathways in the context of both PNETs and commonly occurring-and therefore more extensively studied-malignancies. Finally, we will offer a perspective on the future research direction of the PNET epigenome and its potential applications in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zena Saleh
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Matthew C. Moccia
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zachary Ladd
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Upasana Joneja
- Department of Pathology, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Yahui Li
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Francis Spitz
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Young Ki Hong
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Tao Gao
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
- Camden Cancer Research Center, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
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7
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Xiang Q, Tao JS, Dong S, Liu XL, Yang L, Liu LN, Deng J, Li XH. Heterogeneity and synaptic plasticity analysis of hippocampus based on db -/- mice induced diabetic encephalopathy. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 159:106412. [PMID: 37898037 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia can cause changes in synaptic plasticity of hippocampal cells, which has accelerated the pathological process of cognitive dysfunction. However, the heterogeneity of the hippocampal cell populations under long term high glucose statement remains largely unknown. To mimic chronic hyperglycemia induced cognitive function deficit in vivo, db-/- diabetic mice was selected and Novel Object Recognition(NOR) behavior tests were performed. Based on diabetic induced cognitive impairment(CI) animal model, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed in the hippocampus of CI group (21,379 cells) or control group (20,045 cells), and single cell RNA sequencing was applied, and then the single cell atlas of gene expression was profiled. The comprehensive analysis explicated 18 nerve cell clusters, including 9 distinct sub-clusters, More in-depth analysis of oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs) showed five distinct OPCs sub-clusters including expressing marker gene Lingo2-OPCs, Kcnc1-OPCs, Sst-OPCs, Slc6a1-OPCs and Lhfpl3-OPCs, which seems to be able to proliferate, migrate, and finally differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes and produce myelin. To be noted, differentially expressed genes(DEGs) of the Sst-OPCs sub-cluster indicated that the genes participating in neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, nervous system development and inflammatory process were up-regulated in diabetic induced cognitive impairment(DCI) groups compared to normal control groups. Integrating the data of neuroplasticity regulation, the 20th top-enriched biological process was associated with neuroplasticity regulation in CI groups compared to control groups. Among these neuroplasticity-related genes, the intersectional gene Sstr2 may play an important role in neuroplasticity regulation. Focused on neuroplasticity regulation and its related specific genes may provide potential new clues for the treatment of diabetes mellitus complicated with cognitive impairment. In summary, we showed the comprehensively transcriptional landscape of hippocampal cells in the db-/- diabetic mice with cognitive dysfunction, distinctive cell sub-clusters and the gene expression characteristics were identified, and also their special functions were proposed, which may give new clues and potential targets for diagnosis and treatment of diabetic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xiang
- Institute of Medicine, Medical Research Center, Jishou University, Hunan, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Tao
- Institute of Medicine, Medical Research Center, Jishou University, Hunan, China
| | - Shuai Dong
- Institute of Medicine, Medical Research Center, Jishou University, Hunan, China; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Liu
- Institute of Medicine, Medical Research Center, Jishou University, Hunan, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Medical Research Center, Jishou University, Hunan, China
| | - Li-Ni Liu
- Institute of Medicine, Medical Research Center, Jishou University, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Institute of Medicine, Medical Research Center, Jishou University, Hunan, China
| | - Xian-Hui Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jishou University, Hunan, China.
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Fan S, Zheng H, Zhan Y, Luo J, Zang H, Wang H, Wang W, Xu Y. Somatostatin receptor2 (SSTR2) expression, prognostic implications, modifications and potential therapeutic strategies associates with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 193:104223. [PMID: 38036157 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) constitute a heterogeneous cluster of tumors celebrated for their predisposition to metastasize and exhibit local recurrence. Recent explorations have illuminated the intricate involvement of Somatostatin Receptor 2 (SSTR2), a growth-regulatory receptor traditionally classified as a tumor suppressor, yet concurrently implicated in bolstering specific tumor phenotypes. Advances in the realm of SSTR2 investigation within HNSCC, with a specific spotlight on laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC), tongue squamous cell carcinomas (TSCC), and nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC), have been established. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of SSTR2 expression patterns, prognostic implications, distinctive signaling pathways, epigenetic modifications, and potential therapeutic strategies associated with SSTR2 in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Medical Research Center for Cancer Pathogenic Genes Testing and Diagnosis, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Hongmei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Medical Research Center for Cancer Pathogenic Genes Testing and Diagnosis, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yuting Zhan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Medical Research Center for Cancer Pathogenic Genes Testing and Diagnosis, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jiadi Luo
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Medical Research Center for Cancer Pathogenic Genes Testing and Diagnosis, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Hongjing Zang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Medical Research Center for Cancer Pathogenic Genes Testing and Diagnosis, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Huilin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Medical Research Center for Cancer Pathogenic Genes Testing and Diagnosis, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Weiyuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Medical Research Center for Cancer Pathogenic Genes Testing and Diagnosis, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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Zhang J, Zhou Z(Z, Chen K, Kim S, Cho IS, Varadkar T, Baker H, Cho JH, Zhou L, Liu X(M. A CD276-Targeted Antibody-Drug Conjugate to Treat Non-Small Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Cells 2023; 12:2393. [PMID: 37830607 PMCID: PMC10572050 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, accounting for approximately 85% of lung cancer cases, are usually diagnosed in advanced stages. Traditional surgical resection and radiotherapy have very limited clinical benefits. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a targeted therapy, antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), for NSCLC treatment. Specifically, the CD276 receptor was evaluated and confirmed as an ideal surface target of NSCLC in the immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of seventy-three patient tumor microarrays and western blotting analysis of eight cell lines. Our anti-CD276 monoclonal antibody (mAb) with cross-activity to both human and mouse receptors showed high surface binding, effective drug delivery and tumor-specific targeting in flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and in vivo imaging system analysis. The ADC constructed with our CD276 mAb and payload monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF) showed high anti-NSCLC cytotoxicity to multiple lines and effective anti-tumor efficacy in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent NSCLC xenograft mouse models. The brief mechanism study revealed the integration of cell proliferation inhibition and immune cell reactivation in tumor microenvironments. The toxicity study did not detect off-target immune toxicity or peripheral toxicity. Altogether, this study suggested that anti-CD276 ADC could be a promising candidate for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashuai Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), 151 West Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.Z.); (S.K.); (H.B.); (L.Z.)
| | - Zhuoxin (Zora) Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), 151 W Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (Z.Z.); (K.C.); (I.S.C.); (T.V.)
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), 151 W Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (Z.Z.); (K.C.); (I.S.C.); (T.V.)
| | - Seulhee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), 151 West Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.Z.); (S.K.); (H.B.); (L.Z.)
| | - Irene Soohyun Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), 151 W Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (Z.Z.); (K.C.); (I.S.C.); (T.V.)
| | - Tanvi Varadkar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), 151 W Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (Z.Z.); (K.C.); (I.S.C.); (T.V.)
| | - Hailey Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), 151 West Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.Z.); (S.K.); (H.B.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ju Hwan Cho
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University (OSU), 460 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), 151 West Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.Z.); (S.K.); (H.B.); (L.Z.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University (OSU), 460 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Xiaoguang (Margaret) Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), 151 W Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (Z.Z.); (K.C.); (I.S.C.); (T.V.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University (OSU), 460 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
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10
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Mechanisms of Resistance in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246114. [PMID: 36551599 PMCID: PMC9776394 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs), although curable when localized, frequently metastasize and require management with systemic therapies, including somatostatin analogues, peptide receptor radiotherapy, small-molecule targeted therapies, and chemotherapy. Although effective for disease control, these therapies eventually fail as a result of primary or secondary resistance. For small-molecule targeted therapies, the feedback activation of the targeted signaling pathways and activation of alternative pathways are prominent mechanisms, whereas the acquisition of additional genetic alterations only rarely occurs. For somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-targeted therapy, the heterogeneity of tumor SSTR expression and dedifferentiation with a downregulated expression of SSTR likely predominate. Hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment and stromal constituents contribute to resistance to all modalities. Current studies on mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance and options for management in human GEP-NETs are scant; however, preclinical and early-phase human studies have suggested that combination therapy targeting multiple pathways or novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors with broader kinase inhibition may be promising.
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Shin HG, Yang HR, Yoon A, Lee S. Bispecific Antibody-Based Immune-Cell Engagers and Their Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5686. [PMID: 35628495 PMCID: PMC9146966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide after cardiovascular diseases. Harnessing the power of immune cells is a promising strategy to improve the antitumor effect of cancer immunotherapy. Recent progress in recombinant DNA technology and antibody engineering has ushered in a new era of bispecific antibody (bsAb)-based immune-cell engagers (ICEs), including T- and natural-killer-cell engagers. Since the first approval of blinatumomab by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA), various bsAb-based ICEs have been developed for the effective treatment of patients with cancer. Simultaneously, several potential therapeutic targets of bsAb-based ICEs have been identified in various cancers. Therefore, this review focused on not only highlighting the action mechanism, design and structure, and status of bsAb-based ICEs in clinical development and their approval by the US FDA for human malignancy treatment, but also on summarizing the currently known and emerging therapeutic targets in cancer. This review provides insights into practical considerations for developing next-generation ICEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Gyeong Shin
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea; (H.G.S.); (H.R.Y.)
| | - Ha Rim Yang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea; (H.G.S.); (H.R.Y.)
| | - Aerin Yoon
- R&D Division, GC Biopharma, Yongin 16924, Korea
| | - Sukmook Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea; (H.G.S.); (H.R.Y.)
- Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
- Antibody Research Institute, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
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12
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Cao L, Li T, Ba Y, Chen E, Yang J, Zhang H. Exploring Immune-Related Prognostic Signatures in the Tumor Microenvironment of Colon Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:801484. [PMID: 35281839 PMCID: PMC8907673 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.801484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Colon cancer is a common malignant tumor with poor prognosis. The aim of this study is to explore the immune-related prognostic signatures and the tumor immune microenvironment of colon cancer. Methods: The mRNA expression data of TCGA-COAD from the UCSC Xena platform and the list of immune-related genes (IRGs) from the ImmPort database were used to identify immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, we constructed an immune-related risk score prognostic model and validated its predictive performance in the test dataset, the whole dataset, and two independent GEO datasets. In addition, we explored the differences in tumor-infiltrating immune cell types, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite status, and expression levels of immune checkpoints and their ligands between the high-risk and low-risk score groups. Moreover, the potential value of the identified immune-related signature with respect to immunotherapy was investigated based on an immunotherapeutic cohort (Imvigor210) treated with an anti-PD-L1 agent. Results: Seven immune-related DEGs were identified as prognostic signatures. The areas under the curves (AUCs) of the constructed risk score model for overall survival (OS) were calculated (training dataset: 0.780 at 3 years, 0.801 at 4 years, and 0.766 at 5 years; test dataset: 0.642 at 3 years, 0.647 at 4 years, and 0.629 at 5 years; and the whole dataset: 0.642 at 3 years, 0.647 at 4 years, and 0.629 at 5 years). In the high-risk score group of the whole dataset, patients had worse OS, higher TMN stages, advanced pathological stages, and a higher TP53 mutation rate (p < 0.05). In addition, a high level of resting NK cells or M0 macrophages, and high TMB were significantly related to poor OS (p < 0.05). Also, we observed that high-risk score patients had a high expression level of PD-L1, PD-1, and CTLA-4 (p < 0.05). The patients with high-risk scores demonstrated worse prognosis than those with low-risk scores in multiple datasets (GSE39582: p = 0.0023; GSE17536: p = 0.0008; immunotherapeutic cohort without platinum treatment: p = 0.0014; immunotherapeutic cohort with platinum treatment: p = 0.0027). Conclusion: We developed a robust immune-related prognostic signature that performed great in multiple cohorts and explored the characteristics of the tumor immune microenvironment of colon cancer patients, which may give suggestions for the prognosis and immunotherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Cao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tong Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ying Ba
- Shenzhen Nucleus Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Erfei Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Jin Yang, ; Hezi Zhang,
| | - Hezi Zhang
- Shenzhen Nucleus Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jin Yang, ; Hezi Zhang,
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13
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Si Y, Chen K, Ngo HG, Guan JS, Totoro A, Zhou Z, Kim S, Kim T, Zhou L, Liu X. Targeted EV to Deliver Chemotherapy to Treat Triple-Negative Breast Cancers. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:146. [PMID: 35057042 PMCID: PMC8781632 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are heterogeneous and metastatic, and targeted therapy is highly needed for TNBC treatment. Recent studies showed that extracellular vesicles (EV) have great potential to deliver therapies to treat cancers. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a natural compound, verrucarin A (Ver-A), delivered by targeted EV, to treat TNBC. First, the surface expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and CD47 were confirmed with immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of patient tissue microarray, flow cytometry and Western blotting. EVs were isolated from HEK 293F culture and surface tagged with anti-EGFR/CD47 mAbs to construct mAb-EV. The flow cytometry, confocal imaging and live-animal In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS) demonstrated that mAb-EV could effectively target TNBC and deliver the drug. The drug Ver-A, with dosage-dependent high cytotoxicity to TNBC cells, was packed in mAb-EV. The anti-TNBC efficacy study showed that Ver-A blocked tumor growth in both 4T1 xenografted immunocompetent mouse models and TNBC patient-derived xenograft models with minimal side effects. This study demonstrated that the targeted mAb-EV-Ver-A had great potential to treat TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Si
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (K.C.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (Z.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (K.C.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (Z.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Hanh Giai Ngo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (K.C.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (Z.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Jia Shiung Guan
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.S.G.); (S.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Angela Totoro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (K.C.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (Z.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Zhuoxin Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (K.C.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (Z.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Seulhee Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.S.G.); (S.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Taehyun Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.S.G.); (S.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (K.C.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (Z.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.S.G.); (S.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (K.C.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (Z.Z.); (L.Z.)
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14
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Chen K, Si Y, Guan JS, Zhou Z, Kim S, Kim T, Shan L, Willey CD, Zhou L, Liu X. Targeted Extracellular Vesicles Delivered Verrucarin A to Treat Glioblastoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:130. [PMID: 35052809 PMCID: PMC8773723 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas, accounting for approximately 50% of gliomas, comprise the most aggressive, highly heterogeneous, and malignant brain tumors. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a new targeted therapy, i.e., highly potent natural compound verrucarin A (Ver-A), delivered with monoclonal antibody-directed extracellular vesicle (mAb-EV). First, the high surface expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in glioblastoma patient tissue and cell lines was confirmed using immunohistochemistry staining, flow cytometry, and Western blotting. mAb-EV-Ver-A was constructed by packing Ver-A and tagging anti-EGFR mAb to EV generated from HEK293F culture. Confocal microscopy and the In Vivo Imaging System demonstrated that mAb-EV could penetrate the blood-brain barrier, target intracranial glioblastoma xenografts, and deliver drug intracellularly. The in vitro cytotoxicity study showed IC50 values of 2-12 nM of Ver-A. The hematoxylin and eosin staining of major organs in the tolerated dose study indicated minimal systemic toxicity of mAb-EV-Ver-A. Finally, the in vivo anti-tumor efficacy study in intracranial xenograft models demonstrated that EGFR mAb-EV-Ver-A effectively inhibited glioblastoma growth, but the combination with VEGF mAb did not improve the therapeutic efficacy. This study suggested that mAb-EV is an effective drug delivery vehicle and natural Ver-A has great potential to treat glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.C.); (Y.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yingnan Si
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.C.); (Y.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jia-Shiung Guan
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.-S.G.); (S.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Zhuoxin Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.C.); (Y.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Seulhee Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.-S.G.); (S.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Taehyun Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.-S.G.); (S.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Liang Shan
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1701 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Christopher D. Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1700 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.-S.G.); (S.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.C.); (Y.S.); (Z.Z.)
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15
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Wang TY, Xia FY, Gong JW, Xu XK, Lv MC, Chatoo M, Shamsi BH, Zhang MC, Liu QR, Liu TX, Zhang DD, Lu XJ, Zhao Y, Du JZ, Chen XQ. CRHR1 mediates the transcriptional expression of pituitary hormones and their receptors under hypoxia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:893238. [PMID: 36147561 PMCID: PMC9487150 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.893238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays critical roles in stress responses under challenging conditions such as hypoxia, via regulating gene expression and integrating activities of hypothalamus-pituitary-targets cells. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms and signaling pathways of hypoxic stress in the pituitary remain to be defined. Here, we report that hypoxia induced dynamic changes in the transcription factors, hormones, and their receptors in the adult rat pituitary. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), oxidative phosphorylation, and cAMP signaling pathways were all differentially enriched in genes induced by hypoxic stress. In the pituitary gene network, hypoxia activated c-Fos and HIFs with specific pituitary transcription factors (Prop1), targeting the promoters of hormones and their receptors. HIF and its related signaling pathways can be a promising biomarker during acute or constant hypoxia. Hypoxia stimulated the transcription of marker genes for microglia, chemokines, and cytokine receptors of the inflammatory response. Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) mediated the transcription of Pomc, Sstr2, and Hif2a, and regulated the function of HPA axis. Together with HIF, c-Fos initiated and modulated dynamic changes in the transcription of hormones and their receptors. The receptors were also implicated in the regulation of functions of target cells in the pituitary network under hypoxic stress. CRHR1 played an integrative role in the hypothalamus-pituitary-target axes. This study provides new evidence for CRHR1 involved changes of hormones, receptors, signaling molecules and pathways in the pituitary induced by hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Ying Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Education Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Research and Development, Jiuyuan Gene Engineering, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Yuan Xia
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Education Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wen Gong
- Department of Pathology, and Department of Medical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Kang Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Education Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Chao Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Mahanand Chatoo
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Education Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bilal Haider Shamsi
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Education Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Chen Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Education Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Ru Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Education Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Xing Liu
- Department of Cell and System Biology, University of Toronto, St. George, NB, Canada
| | - Dan Dan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, and Department of Medical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Jiang Lu
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji Zeng Du
- National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Education Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Qun Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Education Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Emanuel O, Liu J, Schartinger VH, Nei WL, Chan YY, Tsang CM, Riechelmann H, Masterson L, Haybaeck J, Oppermann U, Willems SM, Ooft ML, Wollmann G, Howard D, Vanhaesebroeck B, Lund VJ, Royle G, Chua MLK, Lo KW, Busson P, Lechner M. SSTR2 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Relationship with Latent EBV Infection and Potential as a Therapeutic Target. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4944. [PMID: 34638429 PMCID: PMC8508244 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial tumor, most commonly located in the pharyngeal recess and endemic to parts of Asia. It is often detected at a late stage which is associated with poor prognosis (5-year survival rate of 63%). Treatment for this malignancy relies predominantly on radiotherapy and/or systemic chemotherapy, which can be associated with significant morbidity and impaired quality of life. In endemic regions NPC is associated with infection by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) which was shown to upregulate the somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) cell surface receptor. With recent advances in molecular techniques allowing for an improved understanding of the molecular aetiology of this disease and its relation to SSTR2 expression, we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of this disease and highlight the emergence of SSTR2 as a key tumor biomarker and promising target for imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Emanuel
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (O.E.); (J.L.); (B.V.); (V.J.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Jacklyn Liu
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (O.E.); (J.L.); (B.V.); (V.J.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Volker H. Schartinger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (V.H.S.); (H.R.)
| | - Wen Long Nei
- National Cancer Centre, Divisions of Radiation Oncology and Medical Sciences, Singapore 169610, Singapore; (W.L.N.); (M.L.K.C.)
- Oncology Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Yuk Yu Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.Y.C.); (C.M.T.); (K.W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chi Man Tsang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.Y.C.); (C.M.T.); (K.W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Herbert Riechelmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (V.H.S.); (H.R.)
| | - Liam Masterson
- Department of Otolaryngology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK;
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan M. Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.M.W.); (M.L.O.)
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc L. Ooft
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.M.W.); (M.L.O.)
- King’s College Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Guido Wollmann
- Institute of Virology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Viral Immunotherapy of Cancer, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - David Howard
- ENT Department, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W6 9EP, UK;
- Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London WC1E 6DG, UK
| | - Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (O.E.); (J.L.); (B.V.); (V.J.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Valerie J. Lund
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (O.E.); (J.L.); (B.V.); (V.J.L.); (G.R.)
- Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London WC1E 6DG, UK
| | - Gary Royle
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (O.E.); (J.L.); (B.V.); (V.J.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Melvin L. K. Chua
- National Cancer Centre, Divisions of Radiation Oncology and Medical Sciences, Singapore 169610, Singapore; (W.L.N.); (M.L.K.C.)
- Oncology Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.Y.C.); (C.M.T.); (K.W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Pierre Busson
- CNRS-UMR 9018-Metsy, Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Matt Lechner
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (O.E.); (J.L.); (B.V.); (V.J.L.); (G.R.)
- Rhinology & Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-H&N Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
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17
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Si Y, Zhang Y, Guan JS, Ngo HG, Totoro A, Singh AP, Chen K, Xu Y, Yang ES, Zhou L, Liu R, Liu X(M. Anti-CD47 Monoclonal Antibody-Drug Conjugate: A Targeted Therapy to Treat Triple-Negative Breast Cancers. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9080882. [PMID: 34452008 PMCID: PMC8402537 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are frequently recurrent due to the development of drug resistance post chemotherapy. Both the existing literature and our study found that surface receptor CD47 (cluster of differentiation 47) was upregulated in chemotherapy-treated TNBC cells. The goal of this study was to develop a monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based targeting strategy to treat TNBC after standard treatment. Specifically, a new mAb that targets the extracellular domain of receptor CD47 was developed using hybridoma technology and produced in fed-batch culture. Flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and in vivo imaging system (IVIS) showed that the anti-CD47 mAb effectively targeted human and mouse TNBC cells and xenograft models with high specificity. The antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) carrying mertansine was constructed and demonstrated higher potency with reduced IC50 in TNBC cells than did the free drug and significantly inhibited tumor growth post gemcitabine treatment in MDA-MB-231 xenograft NSG model. Finally, whole blood analysis indicated that the anti-CD47 mAb had no general immune toxicity, flow cytometry analysis of lymph nodes revealed an increase of CD69+ NK, CD11c+ DC, and CD4+ T cells, and IHC staining showed tumoral infiltration of macrophage in the 4T1 xenograft BALB/cJ model. This study demonstrated that targeting CD47 with ADC has great potential to treat TNBCs as a targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Si
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.-S.G.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (A.P.S.); (K.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.-S.G.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (A.P.S.); (K.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Jia-Shiung Guan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.-S.G.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (A.P.S.); (K.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Hanh Giai Ngo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.-S.G.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (A.P.S.); (K.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Angela Totoro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.-S.G.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (A.P.S.); (K.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ajeet Pal Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.-S.G.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (A.P.S.); (K.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.-S.G.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (A.P.S.); (K.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yuanxin Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Eddy S. Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1808 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.-S.G.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (A.P.S.); (K.C.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Runhua Liu
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 702 20th St., Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Xiaoguang (Margaret) Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.-S.G.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (A.P.S.); (K.C.); (L.Z.)
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-05-996-1042; Fax: +1-205-996-4701
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18
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Si Y, Zhang Y, Ngo HG, Guan JS, Chen K, Wang Q, Singh AP, Xu Y, Zhou L, Yang ES, Liu X(M. Targeted Liposomal Chemotherapies to Treat Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153749. [PMID: 34359650 PMCID: PMC8345094 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are mainly treated with standard chemotherapies. Combined therapies have been demonstrated as a promising treatment strategy in clinics. The aim of this study was to develop a new formulation of combined chemotherapies facilitated with a targeted delivery vehicle. We found that the mertansine and gemcitabine with different anti-cancer mechanisms resulted in high cytotoxicity in TNBC cells. The in vivo evaluations using two TNBC xenograft models confirmed the anti-tumor efficacy, i.e., significantly reduced tumor growth rate. Furthermore, the antibody-tagged liposomes effectively delivered the therapeutic drugs to TNBC tumor, which could reduce the side effects. This study is highly translational and the targeted liposomal drug formulation can be further investigated in future clinical trials for TNBC treatment. Abstract Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are highly aggressive and recurrent. Standard cytotoxic chemotherapies are currently the main treatment options, but their clinical efficacies are limited and patients usually suffer from severe side effects. The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate targeted liposomes-delivered combined chemotherapies to treat TNBCs. Specifically, the IC50 values of the microtubule polymerization inhibitor mertansine (DM1), mitotic spindle assembly defecting taxane (paclitaxel, PTX), DNA synthesis inhibitor gemcitabine (GC), and DNA damage inducer doxorubicin (AC) were tested in both TNBC MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells. Then we constructed the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody (mAb) tagged liposomes and confirmed its TNBC cell surface binding using flow cytometry, internalization with confocal laser scanning microscopy, and TNBC xenograft targeting in NSG female mice using In Vivo Imaging System. The safe dosage of anti-EGFR liposomal chemotherapies, i.e., <20% body weight change, was identified. Finally, the in vivo anti-tumor efficacy studies in TNBC cell line-derived xenograft and patient-derived xenograft models revealed that the targeted delivery of chemotherapies (mertansine and gemcitabine) can effectively inhibit tumor growth. This study demonstrated that the targeted liposomes enable the new formulations of combined therapies that improve anti-TNBC efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Si
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (H.G.N.); (K.C.); (Q.W.); (A.P.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (H.G.N.); (K.C.); (Q.W.); (A.P.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Hanh Giai Ngo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (H.G.N.); (K.C.); (Q.W.); (A.P.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Jia-Shiung Guan
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.-S.G.); (Y.X.)
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (H.G.N.); (K.C.); (Q.W.); (A.P.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (H.G.N.); (K.C.); (Q.W.); (A.P.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ajeet Pal Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (H.G.N.); (K.C.); (Q.W.); (A.P.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yuanxin Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.-S.G.); (Y.X.)
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (H.G.N.); (K.C.); (Q.W.); (A.P.S.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.-S.G.); (Y.X.)
| | - Eddy S. Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1808 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Xiaoguang (Margaret) Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (H.G.N.); (K.C.); (Q.W.); (A.P.S.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Giamas G, Gagliano T. Cancer gene therapy 2020: highlights from a challenging year. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 29:1-3. [PMID: 33963297 PMCID: PMC8103066 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Giamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK.
| | - Teresa Gagliano
- Department of Medical Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
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20
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Chen K, Si Y, Ou J, Guan JS, Kim S, Ernst P, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Han X, Liu X(M. Antibody-Drug Conjugate to Treat Meningiomas. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050427. [PMID: 34063284 PMCID: PMC8147502 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are primary tumors of the central nervous system with high recurrence. It has been reported that somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) is highly expressed in most meningiomas, but there is no effective targeted therapy approved to control meningiomas. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an anti-SSTR2 antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) to target and treat meningiomas. The meningioma targeting, circulation stability, toxicity, and anti-tumor efficacy of SSTR2 ADC were evaluated using cell lines and/or an intracranial xenograft mouse model. The flow cytometry analysis showed that the anti-SSTR2 mAb had a high binding rate of >98% to meningioma CH157-MN cells but a low binding rate of <5% to the normal arachnoidal AC07 cells. The In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS) imaging demonstrated that the Cy5.5-labeled ADC targeted and accumulated in meningioma xenograft but not in normal organs. The pharmacokinetics study and histological analysis confirmed the stability and minimal toxicity. In vitro anti-cancer cytotoxicity indicated a high potency of ADC with an IC50 value of <10 nM. In vivo anti-tumor efficacy showed that the anti-SSTR2 ADC with doses of 8 and 16 mg/kg body weight effectively inhibited tumor growth. This study demonstrated that the anti-SSTR2 ADC can target meningioma and reduce the tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.C.); (Y.S.); (J.O.); (S.K.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yingnan Si
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.C.); (Y.S.); (J.O.); (S.K.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Jianfa Ou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.C.); (Y.S.); (J.O.); (S.K.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Jia-Shiung Guan
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.-S.G.); (P.E.)
| | - Seulhee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.C.); (Y.S.); (J.O.); (S.K.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Patrick Ernst
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.-S.G.); (P.E.)
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.C.); (Y.S.); (J.O.); (S.K.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.C.); (Y.S.); (J.O.); (S.K.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.-S.G.); (P.E.)
| | - Xiaosi Han
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Xiaoguang (Margaret) Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.C.); (Y.S.); (J.O.); (S.K.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-996-1042; Fax: +1-205-996-4701
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21
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Vitali E, Piccini S, Trivellin G, Smiroldo V, Lavezzi E, Zerbi A, Pepe G, Lania AG. The impact of SST2 trafficking and signaling in the treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 527:111226. [PMID: 33675866 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (Pan-NETs), are heterogeneous neoplasms, whose incidence and prevalence are increasing worldwide. Pan-NETs are characterized by the expression of somatostatin receptors (SSTs). In particular, SST2 is the most widely distributed SST in NETs, thus representing the main molecular target for somatostatin analogs (SSAs). SSAs are currently approved for the treatment of well-differentiated NETs, and radionuclide-labeled SSAs are used for diagnostic and treatment purposes. SSAs, by binding to SSTs, have been shown to inhibit hormone secretion and thus provide control of hypersecretion symptoms, when present, and inhibit tumor proliferation. After SSA binding to SST2, the fate of the receptor is determined by trafficking mechanisms, crucial for the response to endogenous or pharmacological ligands. Although SST2 acts mostly through G protein-dependent mechanism, receptor-ligand complex endocytosis and receptor trafficking further regulate its function. SST2 mediates the decrease of hormone secretion via a G protein-dependent mechanism, culminating with the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and calcium channels; it also inhibits cell proliferation and increases apoptosis through the modulation of protein tyrosine phosphatases. Moreover, SST2 inhibits angiogenesis and cell migration. In this respect, the cross-talk between SST2 and its interacting proteins, including Filamin A (FLNA) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP), plays a crucial role for SST2 signaling and responsiveness to SSAs. This review will focus on recent studies from our and other groups that have investigated the trafficking and signaling of SST2 in Pan-NETs, in order to provide insights into the mechanisms underlying tumor responsiveness to pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vitali
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy.
| | - S Piccini
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
| | - G Trivellin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology, Italy; Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - V Smiroldo
- Oncology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - E Lavezzi
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - A Zerbi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy; Pancreas Surgery Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - G Pepe
- Nuclear Medicine Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - A G Lania
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy; Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
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22
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Drug Development in Neuroendocrine Tumors: What Is on the Horizon? Curr Treat Options Oncol 2021; 22:43. [PMID: 33786683 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-021-00834-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) constitute a heterogenous group of malignancies. Translational research into NEN cell biology is the cornerstone for drug development strategies in this field. Somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR2) expression is the hallmark of well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Somatostatin analogs and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) form the basis of anti-SSTR2 treatment onto new combination strategies, antibody-drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies. Classical pathways involved in NET development (PI3K-Akt-mTOR and antiangiogenics) are reviewed but new potential targets for NET treatment will be explored. Epigenetic drugs have shown clinical activity in monotherapy and preclinical combination strategies are more than attractive. Immunotherapy has shown opposite results in different NEN settings. Although the NOTCH pathway has been targeted with disappointing results, new strategies are being developed. Finally, after years of solid preclinical evidence on different genetically engineered oncolytic viruses, clinical trials for refractory NET patients are now ongoing.
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23
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Si Y, Xu Y, Guan J, Chen K, Kim S, Yang ES, Zhou L, Liu XM. Anti-EGFR antibody-drug conjugate for triple-negative breast cancer therapy. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:37-44. [PMID: 33531889 PMCID: PMC7837297 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are highly aggressive, metastatic and recurrent. Cytotoxic chemotherapies with limited clinical benefits and severe side effects are the standard therapeutic strategies, but, to date, there is no efficacious targeted therapy. Literature and our data showed that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed on TNBC cell surface and is a promising oncological target. The objective of this study was to develop an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) to target EGFR+ TNBC and deliver high-potency drug. First, we constructed an ADC by conjugating anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody with mertansine which inhibits microtubule assembly via linker Sulfo-SMCC. Second, we confirmed the TNBC-targeting specificity of anti-EGFR ADC by evaluating its surface binding and internalization in MDA-MB-468 cells and targeting to TNBC xenograft in subcutaneous mouse mode. The live-cell and live-animal imaging with confocal laser scanning microscopy and In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS) confirmed the TNBC-targeting. Finally, both in vitro toxicity assay and in vivo anti-cancer efficacy study in TNBC xenograft models showed that the constructed ADC significantly inhibited TNBC growth, and the pharmacokinetics study indicated its high circulation stability. This study indicated that the anti-EGFR ADC has a great potential to against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Si
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)BirminghamALUSA
| | - Yuanxin Xu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)BirminghamALUSA
| | | | - Kai Chen
- Department of MedicineUABBirminghamALUSA
| | - Seulhee Kim
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)BirminghamALUSA
| | - Eddy S. Yang
- Department of Radiation OncologyO'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center at UABBirminghamALUSA
| | | | - Xiaoguang Margaret Liu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)BirminghamALUSA
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24
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Shamsi BH, Chatoo M, Xu XK, Xu X, Chen XQ. Versatile Functions of Somatostatin and Somatostatin Receptors in the Gastrointestinal System. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:652363. [PMID: 33796080 PMCID: PMC8009181 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.652363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin (SST) and somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) play an important role in the brain and gastrointestinal (GI) system. SST is produced in various organs and cells, and the inhibitory function of somatostatin-containing cells is involved in a range of physiological functions and pathological modifications. The GI system is the largest endocrine organ for digestion and absorption, SST-endocrine cells and neurons in the GI system are a critical effecter to maintain homeostasis via SSTRs 1-5 and co-receptors, while SST-SSTRs are involved in chemo-sensory, mucus, and hormone secretion, motility, inflammation response, itch, and pain via the autocrine, paracrine, endocrine, and exoendocrine pathways. It is also a power inhibitor for tumor cell proliferation, severe inflammation, and post-operation complications, and is a first-line anti-cancer drug in clinical practice. This mini review focuses on the current function of producing SST endocrine cells and local neurons SST-SSTRs in the GI system, discusses new development prognostic markers, phosphate-specific antibodies, and molecular imaging emerging in diagnostics and therapy, and summarizes the mechanism of the SST family in basic research and clinical practice. Understanding of endocrines and neuroendocrines in SST-SSTRs in GI will provide an insight into advanced medicine in basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Haider Shamsi
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mahanand Chatoo
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Kang Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Xu
- College of Renji, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xue Qun Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Education (MOE), Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xue Qun Chen,
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25
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Si Y, Guan J, Xu Y, Chen K, Kim S, Zhou L, Jaskula-Sztul R, Liu XM. Dual-Targeted Extracellular Vesicles to Facilitate Combined Therapies for Neuroendocrine Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1079. [PMID: 33187322 PMCID: PMC7696983 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine (NE) cancers arise from cells within the neuroendocrine system. Chemotherapies and endoradiotherapy have been developed, but their clinical efficacy is limited. The objective of this study was to develop a dual-targeted extracellular vesicles (EV)-delivered combined therapies to treat NE cancer. Specifically, we produced EV in stirred-tank bioreactors and surface tagged both anti-somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR 2) monoclonal antibody (mAb) and anti-C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) mAb to generate mAbs-EV. Both live-cell confocal microscopy imaging and In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS) imaging confirmed that mAbs-EV specifically targeted and accumulated in NE cancer cells and NE tumor xenografts. Then the highly potent natural cytotoxic marine compound verrucarin A (Ver-A) with IC50 of 2.2-2.8 nM and microtubule polymerization inhibitor mertansine (DM1) with IC50 of 3.1-4.2 nM were packed into mAbs-EV. The in vivo maximum tolerated dose study performed in non-tumor-bearing mice indicated minimal systemic toxicity of mAbs-EV-Ver-A/DM1. Finally, the in vivo anticancer efficacy study demonstrated that the SSTR2/CXCR4 dual-targeted EV-Ver-A/DM1 is more effective to inhibit NE tumor growth than the single targeting and single drug. The results from this study could expand the application of EV to targeting deliver the combined potent chemotherapies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Si
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (J.G.); (Y.X.); (K.C.); (S.K.)
| | - JiaShiung Guan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (J.G.); (Y.X.); (K.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Yuanxin Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (J.G.); (Y.X.); (K.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (J.G.); (Y.X.); (K.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Seulhee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (J.G.); (Y.X.); (K.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Renata Jaskula-Sztul
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1808 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - X. Margaret Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (J.G.); (Y.X.); (K.C.); (S.K.)
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