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Liu J, Liu S, Zeng L, Tsilioni I. Amyloid Beta Peptides Lead to Mast Cell Activation in a Novel 3D Hydrogel Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12002. [PMID: 37569378 PMCID: PMC10419190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease and the world's primary cause of dementia among the elderly population. The aggregation of toxic amyloid-beta (Aβ) is one of the main pathological hallmarks of the AD brain. Recently, neuroinflammation has been recognized as one of the major features of AD, which involves a network of interactions between immune cells. The mast cell (MC) is an innate immune cell type known to serve as a first responder to pathological changes and crosstalk with microglia and neurons. Although an increased number of mast cells were found near the sites of Aβ deposition, how mast cells are activated in AD is not clear. We developed a 3D culture system to culture MCs and investigated the activation of MCs by Aβ peptides. Because collagen I is the major component of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the brain, we encapsulated human LADR MCs in gels formed by collagen I. We found that 3D-cultured MCs survived and proliferated at the same level as MCs in suspension. Additionally, they can be induced to secrete inflammatory cytokines as well as MC proteases tryptase and chymase by typical MC activators interleukin 33 (IL-33) and IgE/anti-IgE. Culturing with peptides Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40, and Aβ25-35 caused MCs to secrete inflammatory mediators, with Aβ1-42 inducing the maximum level of activation. These data indicate that MCs respond to amyloid deposition to elicit inflammatory responses and demonstrate the validity of collagen gel as a model system to investigate MCs in a 3D environment to understand neuroinflammation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Liu
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (J.L.)
| | - Sihan Liu
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (J.L.)
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (J.L.)
- Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Program in Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Program in Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Irene Tsilioni
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (J.L.)
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Zhou X, Hu Y, Liu L, Liu L, Chen H, Huang D, Ju M, Luan C, Chen K, Zhang J. IL-33-mediated activation of mast cells is involved in the progression of imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:52. [PMID: 36894987 PMCID: PMC9996901 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis with an unclear pathogenesis. Mast cells (MCs) can serve as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity and are involved in the regulation of the inflammatory state and immune homeostasis in diseases. MCs constitutively express interleukin-33 receptor T1/ST2 (IL-33R). IL-33 is a potent MCs activator that is actively secreted by keratinocytes in psoriasis. However, the regulatory role of MCs in psoriasis remains uncertain. Therefore, we hypothesised that IL-33 could promote MC activation to regulate psoriasis development. METHODS We performed experiments on wild-type (WT) and MC-deficient (Kit Wsh/Wsh) mice, established psoriasis-like mouse models using imiquimod (IMQ), and performed RNA sequencing and transcriptomic analysis of skin lesions. Exogenous administration was performed using recombinant IL-33. Validation and evaluation were performed using PSI scoring, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and qPCR. RESULTS We observed an upregulation in the number and activation of MCs in patients with psoriasis and in IMQ-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis. Deficiency of MCs ameliorates IMQ-induced psoriatic dermatitis at an early stage. IL-33 is increased and co-localized with MCs in the dermis of psoriasis-like lesions using immunofluorescence. Compared to WT mice, IMQ-induced KitWsh/Wsh mice demonstrated a delayed response to exogenous IL-33. CONCLUSIONS MCs are activated by IL-33 in the early stages of psoriasis and exacerbate psoriasis-associated skin inflammation. The regulation of MC homeostasis may be a potential therapeutic strategy for psoriasis. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyue Zhou
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingxi Liu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihao Liu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongying Chen
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Ju
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Luan
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
| | - Kun Chen
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jiaan Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
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3
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The Controversial Role of Intestinal Mast Cells in Colon Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030459. [PMID: 36766801 PMCID: PMC9914221 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are tissue-resident sentinels involved in large number of physiological and pathological processes, such as infection and allergic response, thanks to the expression of a wide array of receptors. Mast cells are also frequently observed in a tumor microenvironment, suggesting their contribution in the transition from chronic inflammation to cancer. In particular, the link between inflammation and colorectal cancer development is becoming increasingly clear. It has long been recognized that patients with inflammatory bowel disease have an increased risk of developing colon cancer. Evidence from experimental animals also implicates the innate immune system in the development of sporadically occurring intestinal adenomas, the precursors to colorectal cancer. However, the exact role of mast cells in tumor initiation and growth remains controversial: mast cell-derived mediators can either exert pro-tumorigenic functions, causing the progression and spread of the tumor, or anti-tumorigenic functions, limiting the tumor's growth. Here, we review the multifaceted and often contrasting findings regarding the role of the intestinal mast cells in colon cancer progression focusing on the molecular pathways mainly involved in the regulation of mast cell plasticity/functions during tumor progression.
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Zhang Z, Ernst PB, Kiyono H, Kurashima Y. Utilizing mast cells in a positive manner to overcome inflammatory and allergic diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:937120. [PMID: 36189267 PMCID: PMC9518231 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.937120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells widely distributed in the body, accompanied by diverse phenotypes and functions. Committed mast cell precursors (MCPs) leave the bone marrow and enter the blood circulation, homing to peripheral sites under the control of various molecules from different microenvironments, where they eventually differentiate and mature. Partly attributable to the unique maturation mechanism, MCs display high functional heterogeneity and potentially plastic phenotypes. High plasticity also means that MCs can exhibit different subtypes to cope with different microenvironments, which we call “the peripheral immune education system”. Under the peripheral immune education system, MCs showed a new character from previous cognition in some cases, namely regulation of allergy and inflammation. In this review, we focus on the mucosal tissues, such as the gastrointestinal tract, to gain insights into the mechanism underlying the migration of MCs to the gut or other organs and their heterogeneity, which is driven by different microenvironments. In particular, the immunosuppressive properties of MCs let us consider that positively utilizing MCs may be a new way to overcome inflammatory and allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Zhang
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Peter B Ernst
- Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Center for Veterinary Sciences and Comparative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Chiba University-University of California San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccine (CU-UCSD), University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Chiba University-University of California San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccine (CU-UCSD), University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Future Medicine Education and Research Organization, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- HanaVax Inc., Tokyo, Japan
- Mucosal Immunology and Allergy Therapeutics, Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kurashima
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Mucosal Immunology and Allergy Therapeutics, Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Academic Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Empowering Next Generation Allergist/immunologist toward Global Excellence Task Force toward 2030 (ENGAGE)-Task Force, Tokyo, Japan
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Jo H, Lee D, Go C, Jang Y, Chu N, Bae S, Kang D, Im JP, Kim Y, Kang JS. Preventive Effect of Vitamin C on Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Colitis via the Regulation of IL-22 and IL-6 Production in Gulo(−/−) Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810612. [PMID: 36142515 PMCID: PMC9505994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are exceptionally high in IBD lesions, are known to cause abnormal immune responses to inflammatory reactions in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) through damage to the intestinal mucosal linings. Moreover, they are theorized to be an agent of IBD development. Vitamin C is widely known to be an effective antioxidant for its ability to regulate inflammatory responses through its ROS scavenging effect. Therefore, we examined vitamin C’s influence on the development and progression of IBD in Gulo(−/−) mice, which cannot synthesize vitamin C like humans due to a defect in the expression of L-gulono-γ–lactone oxidase, an essential enzyme for vitamin C production. First, we found extensive oxidative stress and an inflammation increase in the colon of vitamin C-insufficient Gulo(−/−) mice. We also found decreased IL-22 production and NKp46(+) cell recruitment and the impaired activation of the p38MAPK pathway. Additionally, comparing vitamin C-insufficient Gulo(−/−) mice to vitamin C-sufficient Gulo(−/−) mice and wild-type mice, the insufficient group faced a decrease in mucin-1 expression, accompanied by an increase in IL-6 production, followed by the activation of the STAT3 and Akt pathways. The results suggest that vitamin C insufficiency induces severe colitis, meaning vitamin C could also take on a preventative role by regulating the production of cytokines and the induction of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejung Jo
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Dahae Lee
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Cheolhyeon Go
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Yoojin Jang
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Naghyung Chu
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Suhyun Bae
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Dongmin Kang
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jong Pil Im
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Yejin Kim
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.K.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Jae Seung Kang
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Artificial Intelligence Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.K.); (J.S.K.)
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Wang Y, Huang B, Jin T, Ocansey DKW, Jiang J, Mao F. Intestinal Fibrosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and the Prospects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:835005. [PMID: 35370998 PMCID: PMC8971815 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.835005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is an important complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the course of the development of fibrosis, certain parts of the intestine become narrowed, significantly destroying the structure and function of the intestine and affecting the quality of life of patients. Chronic inflammation is an important initiating factor of fibrosis. Unfortunately, the existing anti-inflammatory drugs cannot effectively prevent and alleviate fibrosis, and there is no effective anti-fibrotic drug, which makes surgical treatment the mainstream treatment for intestinal fibrosis and stenosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of tissue regeneration and repair through their self-differentiation, secretion of cytokines, and secretion of extracellular vesicles. MSCs have been shown to play an important therapeutic role in the fibrosis of many organs. However, the role of MSC in intestinal fibrosis largely remained unexplored. This review summarizes the mechanism of intestinal fibrosis, including the role of immune cells, TGF-β, and the gut microbiome and metabolites. Available treatment options for fibrosis, particularly, MSCs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
- General Surgery Department, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Endoscopy, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Directorate of University Health Services, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Jiajia Jiang
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Jiajia Jiang, ; Fei Mao,
| | - Fei Mao
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Jiajia Jiang, ; Fei Mao,
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Abstract
Our understanding of the functions of the IL-1 superfamily cytokine and damage-associated molecular pattern IL-33 continues to evolve with our understanding of homeostasis and immunity. The early findings that IL-33 is a potent driver of type 2 immune responses promoting parasite expulsion, but also inflammatory diseases like allergy and asthma, have been further supported. Yet, as the importance of a type 2 response in tissue repair and homeostasis has emerged, so has the fundamental importance of IL-33 to these processes. In this review, we outline an evolving understanding of IL-33 immunobiology, paying particular attention to how IL-33 directs a network of ST2+ regulatory T cells, reparative and regulatory macrophages, and type 2 innate lymphoid cells that are fundamental to tissue development, homeostasis, and repair. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Immunology, Volume 40 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaelen K. Dwyer
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Louise M. D'Cruz
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hēth R. Turnquist
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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8
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Noto CN, Hoft SG, DiPaolo RJ. Mast Cells as Important Regulators in Autoimmunity and Cancer Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:752350. [PMID: 34712668 PMCID: PMC8546116 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.752350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are an essential part of the immune system and are best known as important modulators of allergic and anaphylactic immune responses. Upon activation, mast cells release a multitude of inflammatory mediators with various effector functions that can be both protective and damage-inducing. Mast cells can have an anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory immunological effect and play important roles in regulating autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. Importantly, chronic inflammation and autoimmunity are linked to the development of specific cancers including pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastric cancer. Inflammatory mediators released from activated mast cells regulate immune responses and promote vascular permeability and the recruitment of immune cells to the site of inflammation. Mast cells are present in increased numbers in tissues affected by autoimmune diseases as well as in tumor microenvironments where they co-localize with T regulatory cells and T effector cells. Mast cells can regulate immune responses by expressing immune checkpoint molecules on their surface, releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines, and promoting vascularization of solid tumor sites. As a result of these immune modulating activities, mast cells have disease-modifying roles in specific autoimmune diseases and cancers. Therefore, determining how to regulate the activities of mast cells in different inflammatory and tumor microenvironments may be critical to discovering potential therapeutic targets to treat autoimmune diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine N Noto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Stella G Hoft
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Richard J DiPaolo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Lourenço LO, Ribeiro AM, Lopes FDTQDS, Tibério IDFLC, Tavares-de-Lima W, Prado CM. Different Phenotypes in Asthma: Clinical Findings and Experimental Animal Models. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 62:240-263. [PMID: 34542807 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08894-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a respiratory allergic disease presenting a high prevalence worldwide, and it is responsible for several complications throughout life, including death. Fortunately, asthma is no longer recognized as a unique manifestation but as a very heterogenic manifestation. Its phenotypes and endotypes are known, respectively, as pathologic and molecular features that might not be directly associated with each other. The increasing number of studies covering this issue has brought significant insights and knowledge that are constantly expanding. In this review, we intended to summarize this new information obtained from clinical studies, which not only allowed for the creation of patient clusters by means of personalized medicine and a deeper molecular evaluation, but also created a connection with data obtained from experimental models, especially murine models. We gathered information regarding sensitization and trigger and emphasizing the most relevant phenotypes and endotypes, such as Th2-high asthma and Th2-low asthma, which included smoking and obesity-related asthma and mixed and paucigranulocytic asthma, not only in physiopathology and the clinic but also in how these phenotypes can be determined with relative similarity using murine models. We also further investigated how clinical studies have been treating patients using newly developed drugs focusing on specific biomarkers that are more relevant according to the patient's clinical manifestation of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Otávio Lourenço
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Mussi Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Wothan Tavares-de-Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Máximo Prado
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil. .,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Zhang Z, Kurashima Y. Two Sides of the Coin: Mast Cells as a Key Regulator of Allergy and Acute/Chronic Inflammation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071615. [PMID: 34203383 PMCID: PMC8308013 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that mast cells (MCs) initiate type I allergic reactions and inflammation in a quick response to the various stimulants, including—but not limited to—allergens, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). MCs highly express receptors of these ligands and proteases (e.g., tryptase, chymase) and cytokines (TNF), and other granular components (e.g., histamine and serotonin) and aggravate the allergic reaction and inflammation. On the other hand, accumulated evidence has revealed that MCs also possess immune-regulatory functions, suppressing chronic inflammation and allergic reactions on some occasions. IL-2 and IL-10 released from MCs inhibit excessive immune responses. Recently, it has been revealed that allergen immunotherapy modulates the function of MCs from their allergic function to their regulatory function to suppress allergic reactions. This evidence suggests the possibility that manipulation of MCs functions will result in a novel approach to the treatment of various MCs-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Zhang
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;
| | - Yosuke Kurashima
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, The University of Tokyo Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Department of Pathology/Medicine, Allergy and Vaccines, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0063, USA
- Mucosal Immunology and Allergy Therapeutics, Institute for Global Prominent Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-43-226-2848; Fax: +81-43-226-2183
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Tissue mast cell counts may be associated with decreased severity of gastrointestinal acute GVHD and nonrelapse mortality. Blood Adv 2021; 4:2317-2324. [PMID: 32453837 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions of mast cells in human graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) are unknown. We studied 56 patients who had an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) with a biopsy for diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) GVHD before any treatment (including steroids): 35 with GIT GVHD, 21 HCT recipients whose biopsies did not confirm GVHD, and 9 with a new diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as a comparison. The median number of mast cells (mean of CD117+ cells, counted in 3 selected spots under 40× magnification) was similar between patients with GVHD (59 cells) and those without GVHD (60 cells). However, the median number of mast cells was significantly associated with maximum clinical stage of GIT GVHD; the lowest counts of mast cells were observed in the highest clinical stage of GIT GVHD (stage 1, 80; stage 2, 69; stage 3, 54; stage 4, 26; P = .01). Moreover, every decrease by 10 mast cells was associated with increased nonrelapse mortality through 1 year (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.59-1.00; P = .05). AlloHCT recipients all had significantly fewer mast cells, even those without GVHD compared with those with IBD (median, 59 vs 119; P < .01). The median number of GIT mast cells was also significantly lower in patients who received myeloablative conditioning (61.5 cells) than in those who received reduced intensity conditioning (78 cells) in the entire study population (P = .02). We conclude that GIT mast cells are depleted in all alloHCT patients, more prominently in those receiving myeloablative conditioning and those with severe GIT GVHD. Our novel findings warrant further investigation into the biological effects of mast cells in GIT GVHD.
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Drube S, Müller S, Weber F, Wegner P, Böttcher‐Loschinski R, Gaestel M, Hutloff A, Kamradt T, Andreas N. IL-3 is essential for ICOS-L stabilization on mast cells, and sustains the IL-33-induced RORγt + T reg generation via enhanced IL-6 induction. Immunology 2021; 163:86-97. [PMID: 33427298 PMCID: PMC8044339 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-33 is a member of the IL-1 family. By binding to its receptor ST2 (IL-33R) on mast cells, IL-33 induces the MyD88-dependent activation of the TAK1-IKK2 signalling module resulting in activation of the MAP kinases p38, JNK1/2 and ERK1/2, and of NFκB. Depending on the kinases activated in these pathways, the IL-33-induced signalling is essential for production of IL-6 or IL-2. This was shown to control the dichotomy between RORγt+ and Helios+ Tregs , respectively. SCF, the ligand of c-Kit (CD117), can enhance these effects. Here, we show that IL-3, another growth factor for mast cells, is essential for the expression of ICOS-L on BMMCs, and costimulation with IL-3 potentiated the IL-33-induced IL-6 production similar to SCF. In contrast to the enhanced IL-2 production by SCF-induced modulation of the IL-33 signalling, IL-3 blocked the production of IL-2. Consequently, IL-3 shifted the IL-33-induced Treg dichotomy towards RORγt+ Tregs at the expense of RORγt- Helios+ Tregs . However, ICOS-L expression was downregulated by IL-33. In line with that, ICOS-L did not play any important role in the Treg modulation by IL-3/IL-33-activated mast cells. These findings demonstrate that different from the mast cell growth factor SCF, IL-3 can alter the IL-33-induced and mast cell-dependent regulation of Treg subpopulations by modulating mast cell-derived cytokine profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Drube
- Institut für ImmunologieUniversitätsklinikum JenaJenaGermany
| | - Sylvia Müller
- Institut für ImmunologieUniversitätsklinikum JenaJenaGermany
| | - Franziska Weber
- Institut für ImmunologieUniversitätsklinikum JenaJenaGermany
| | - Philine Wegner
- Institut für ImmunologieUniversitätsklinikum JenaJenaGermany
| | | | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institut für ZellbiochemieMedizinische Hochschule HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Andreas Hutloff
- Institut für Immunologie und Institut für Klinische MolekularbiologieUniversitätsklinikum Schleswig‐HolsteinKielGermany
| | - Thomas Kamradt
- Institut für ImmunologieUniversitätsklinikum JenaJenaGermany
| | - Nico Andreas
- Institut für ImmunologieUniversitätsklinikum JenaJenaGermany
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13
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Ramezani F, Babaie F, Aslani S, Hemmatzadeh M, Mohammadi FS, Gowhari-Shabgah A, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Ezzatifar F, Mohammadi H. The Role of the IL-33/ST2 Immune Pathway in Autoimmunity: New Insights and Perspectives. Immunol Invest 2021; 51:1060-1086. [PMID: 33522348 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2021.1878212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33, a member of IL-1 cytokine family, is produced by various immune cells and acts as an alarm to alert the immune system after epithelial or endothelial cell damage during cell necrosis, infection, stress, and trauma. The biological functions of IL-33 largely depend on its ligation to the corresponding receptor, suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2). The pathogenic roles of this cytokine have been implicated in several disorders, including allergic disease, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disease, infectious disease, and cancers. However, alerted levels of IL-33 may result in either disease amelioration or progression. Genetic variations of IL33 gene may confer protective or susceptibility risk in the onset of autoimmune diseases. The purpose of this review is to discuss the involvement of IL-33 and ST2 in the pathogenesis of a variety of autoimmune disorders, such as autoimmune rheumatic, neurodegenerative, and endocrine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Ramezani
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farhad Babaie
- Department of Immunology and Genetic, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hemmatzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ezzatifar
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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14
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Liu B, Yang MQ, Yu TY, Yin YY, Liu Y, Wang XD, He ZG, Yin L, Chen CQ, Li JY. Mast Cell Tryptase Promotes Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Induced Intestinal Fibrosis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:242-255. [PMID: 32507895 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis is the final pathological outcome of chronic intestinal inflammation without specific therapeutic drugs, which leads to ileus and surgical intervention. Intestinal fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). The role of mast cells (MCs), which are members of the sentinel immune cell population, is unknown in intestinal fibrosis. METHODS In this study, we analyzed changes in MCs, tryptase proteins, and ECM components in human fibrotic and control patient intestines. We constructed dextran sodium sulfate-induced intestinal fibrosis models using wild-type mice, MC-reconstituted mice, and MC-deficient mice to explore the role of MCs and tryptase in intestinal fibrosis. The roles and mechanisms of MCs and tryptase on fibroblasts were evaluated using human MCs (HMC-1 and LAD-2), commercial tryptase proteins, human colon fibroblasts (CCD-18Co fibroblasts), the tryptase inhibitor APC366, and the protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) antagonist ENMD-1068. RESULTS Regardless of whether the colon was a human colon or a mouse colon, the fibrotic intestinal tissue had increased MC infiltration and a higher expression of ECM proteins or genes than that of the control group. The dextran sodium sulfate-induced intestinal fibrosis in MC-deficient mice was alleviated compared with that in wild-type mice. After MC reconstruction in MC-deficient mice, the alleviating effect disappeared. Tryptase, as a content stored in MC granules, was released into fibrotic intestinal tissues in the form of degranulation, resulting in an increased expression of tryptase. Compared with the control group, the tryptase inhibition group (the APC366 group) had reduced intestinal fibrosis. The CCD-18Co fibroblasts, when cocultured with MCs or treated with tryptase proteins, were activated to differentiate into myofibroblasts and secrete more ECM proteins (such as collagen and fibronectin). The underlying mechanism of fibroblast activation by tryptase was the activation of the PAR-2/Akt/mTOR pathway. CONCLUSIONS We found that MC tryptase promotes inflammatory bowel disease-induced intestinal fibrosis. The underlying mechanism is that tryptase promotes the differentiation of fibroblasts into fibrotic-phenotype myofibroblasts by activating the PAR-2/Akt/ mTOR pathway of fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Mu-Qing Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Tian-Yu Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Yang-Yang Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Zhi-Gang He
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Qiu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Yu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
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15
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Signal Transduction Pathways Activated by Innate Immunity in Mast Cells: Translating Sensing of Changes into Specific Responses. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112411. [PMID: 33158024 PMCID: PMC7693401 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) constitute an essential cell lineage that participates in innate and adaptive immune responses and whose phenotype and function are influenced by tissue-specific conditions. Their mechanisms of activation in type I hypersensitivity reactions have been the subject of multiple studies, but the signaling pathways behind their activation by innate immunity stimuli are not so well described. Here, we review the recent evidence regarding the main molecular elements and signaling pathways connecting the innate immune receptors and hypoxic microenvironment to cytokine synthesis and the secretion of soluble or exosome-contained mediators in this cell type. When known, the positive and negative control mechanisms of those pathways are presented, together with their possible implications for the understanding of mast cell-driven chronic inflammation. Finally, we discuss the relevance of the knowledge about signaling in this cell type in the recognition of MCs as central elements on innate immunity, whose remarkable plasticity converts them in sensors of micro-environmental discontinuities and controllers of tissue homeostasis.
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16
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Zhang X, Chen W, Zeng P, Xu J, Diao H. The Contradictory Role of Interleukin-33 in Immune Cells and Tumor Immunity. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:7527-7537. [PMID: 32904627 PMCID: PMC7457384 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s262745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 is a member of the IL-1 superfamily and is a crucial cytokine playing the role of a dual-function molecule. IL-33 mediates its function by interacting with its receptor suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2), which is constitutively expressed on T helper (Th)1 cells, Th2 cells, and other immune cells. Previously, we summarized findings on IL-33 and performed an intensive study of the correlation between IL-33 and tumor. IL-33 enables anti-tumor immune responses through Th1 cells and natural killer (NK) cells and plays a role in tumor immune escape in cancers via Th2 cells and regulatory T cells. Herein, we discuss the contradictory role of IL-33 in immune cells in different cancer, and our summaries may be helpful for better understanding of the development of research on IL-33 and tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China
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17
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Eissmann MF, Buchert M, Ernst M. IL33 and Mast Cells-The Key Regulators of Immune Responses in Gastrointestinal Cancers? Front Immunol 2020; 11:1389. [PMID: 32719677 PMCID: PMC7350537 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Interleukin (IL-)1 family IL33 is best known for eliciting type 2 immune responses by stimulating mast cells (MCs), regulatory T-cells (Tregs), innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and other immune cells. MCs and IL33 provide critical control of immunological and epithelial homeostasis in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Meanwhile, the role of MCs in solid malignancies appears tissue-specific with both pro and anti-tumorigenic activities. Likewise, IL33 signaling significantly shapes immune responses in the tumor microenvironment, but these effects remain often dichotomous when assessed in experimental models of cancer. Thus, the balance between tumor suppressing and tumor promoting activities of IL33 are highly context dependent, and most likely dictated by the mixture of cell types responding to IL33. Adding to this complexity is the promiscuous nature by which MCs respond to cytokines other than IL33 and release chemotactic factors that recruit immune cells into the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we integrate the outcomes of recent studies on the role of MCs and IL33 in cancer with our own observations in the GI tract. We propose a working model where the most abundant IL33 responsive immune cell type is likely to dictate an overall tumor-supporting or tumor suppressing outcome in vivo. We discuss how these opposing responses affect the therapeutic potential of targeting MC and IL33, and highlight the caveats and challenges facing our ability to effectively harness MCs and IL33 biology for anti-cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz F Eissmann
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Buchert
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
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18
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ILC2 Proliferated by IL-33 Stimulation Alleviates Acute Colitis in Rag1 -/- Mouse through Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarization. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:5018975. [PMID: 32676507 PMCID: PMC7334786 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5018975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to identify functions of ILC2, a newly found innate lymphoid cell which mainly locates in mucosa organs like lungs and intestines, in IBD. We injected rIL-33 protein to C57/BL6 mouse to explore how IL-33 induces ILC2 proliferation. The results showed that ILC2 reached a proliferation peak at day 5 and expressed multiple surface markers like CD127, C-kit, CD69, CD44, ST2, CD27, DR3, MHCII, and CD90.2. ILC2 also expressed high quantity of IL-13 and IL-5 and few IL-17A which indicates a potentially immunological function in IBD development. Afterwards, we transferred sort purified ILC2 to Rag1−/− mouse given DSS to induce acute colitis in order to explore the innate function of ILC2. Data showed that ILC2 alleviates DSS-induced acute innate colitis by repairing epithelial barrier and restore body weight. Furthermore, we found that ILC2 can cause macrophages polarizing to M2 macrophages in the gut. Therefore, we concluded that ILC2 played a therapeutic role in mouse acute colitis.
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19
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Li M, Zhao J, Cao M, Liu R, Chen G, Li S, Xie Y, Xie J, Cheng Y, Huang L, Su M, Xu Y, Zheng M, Zou K, Geng L, Xu W, Gong S. Mast cells-derived MiR-223 destroys intestinal barrier function by inhibition of CLDN8 expression in intestinal epithelial cells. Biol Res 2020; 53:12. [PMID: 32209121 PMCID: PMC7092522 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-020-00279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mast cells (MCs) have been found to play a critical role during development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that characterized by dysregulation of inflammation and impaired intestinal barrier function. However, the function of MCs in IBD remains to be fully elucidated. Results In our study, we used exosomes isolated from human mast cells-1 (HMCs-1) to culture with NCM460, HT-29 or CaCO2 of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to investigate the communication between MCs and IECs. We found that MCs-derived exosomes significantly increased intestinal epithelial permeability and destroyed intestinal barrier function, which is attributed to exosome-mediated functional miRNAs were transferred from HMCs-1 into IECs, leading to inhibit tight junction-related proteins expression, including tight junction proteins 1 (TJP1, ZO-1), Occludin (OCLN), Claudin 8 (CLDN8). Microarray and bioinformatic analysis have further revealed that a panel of miRNAs target different tight junction-related proteins. Interestingly, miR-223 is enriched in mast cell-derived exosome, which inhibit CLDN8 expression in IECs, while treatment with miR-223 inhibitor in HT-29 cells significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of HMCs-1-derived exosomes on CLDN 8 expression. Most importantly, enrichment of MCs accumulation in intestinal mucosa of patients with IBD compared with those healthy control. Conclusions These results indicated that enrichment of exosomal miR-223 from HMCs-1 inhibited CLDN8 expression, leading to destroy intestinal barrier function. These finding provided a novel insight of MCs as a new target for therapeutic treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musheng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Junhong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Meiwan Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Ruitao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Guanhua Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Songyu Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qionghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionghai, 571400, China
| | - Yuanwen Xie
- Department of Anorectal, Qionghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionghai, 571400, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Mingmin Su
- Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Wales, CF103AT, UK
| | - Yuxin Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- School of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Kejian Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Lanlan Geng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China. .,Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
| | - Wanfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China. .,Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
| | - Sitang Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China. .,Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
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20
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Ohto-Ozaki H, Hayakawa M, Kamoshita N, Maruyama T, Tominaga SI, Ohmori T. Induction of IκBζ Augments Cytokine and Chemokine Production by IL-33 in Mast Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:2033-2042. [PMID: 32144162 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IκBζ (encoded by the Nfkbiz) is a member of the nuclear IκB family, which is involved in the expression of secondary response genes based on signals from TLR or IL-1R. ST2L, an IL-33R, is a member of the IL-1R family and abundantly expressed in tissue-resident immune cells, such as mast cells and innate lymphoid cells; however, its downstream signaling pathway remains unelucidated. In this study, we examined the role of IκBζ in ST2L-mediated cytokine and chemokine production in mast cells. Murine bone marrow cells were differentiated ex vivo into bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). The treatment of BMMCs with IL-33 transiently induced robust IκBζ expression. Of the 40 cytokines and chemokines examined using a cytokine and chemokine array, the concentrations of IL-6, IL-13, CCL2, CCL3, and TNF-α in the supernatant were augmented by IL-33. The deletion of IκBζ in BMMCs resulted in a significant reduction of the production of these mediators and the expression of their mRNA. NF-κB p50 but not p65 translocated to the nucleus by IL-33 and was not affected by the deletion of IκBζ. However, induction of IκBζ and the resultant cytokine and chemokine productions were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with an NF-κB inhibitor. The deletion of IκBζ did not affect the phosphorylation of ERK, p38 MAPK, or JNK by IL-33, and the treatment with inhibitors of these mitogen-activated kinases failed to abolish the expression of Nfkbiz Our findings suggest that IκBζ augments IL-33-dependent cytokine and chemokine production in BMMCs through the action of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Ohto-Ozaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Morisada Hayakawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.,Center for Gene Therapy Research, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Kamoshita
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.,Center for Gene Therapy Research, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Takashi Maruyama
- Department of Immunology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan; and
| | - Shin-Ichi Tominaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.,Japan Association for Development of Community Medicine, Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo 102-0093, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ohmori
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan; .,Center for Gene Therapy Research, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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21
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Graham DB, Xavier RJ. Pathway paradigms revealed from the genetics of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 2020; 578:527-539. [PMID: 32103191 PMCID: PMC7871366 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex genetic disease that is instigated and amplified by the confluence of multiple genetic and environmental variables that perturb the immune-microbiome axis. The challenge of dissecting pathological mechanisms underlying IBD has led to the development of transformative approaches in human genetics and functional genomics. Here we describe IBD as a model disease in the context of leveraging human genetics to dissect interactions in cellular and molecular pathways that regulate homeostasis of the mucosal immune system. Finally, we synthesize emerging insights from multiple experimental approaches into pathway paradigms and discuss future prospects for disease-subtype classification and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B. Graham
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Corresponding authors. ,
| | - Ramnik J. Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Corresponding authors. ,
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22
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Yang J, Huang X, Hu F, Fu X, Jiang Z, Chen K. LncRNA ANRIL knockdown relieves myocardial cell apoptosis in acute myocardial infarction by regulating IL-33/ST2. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:3393-3403. [PMID: 31674275 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1678965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the role of lncRNA ANRIL in the modulation of myocardial cell apoptosis in acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods: AMI mice model was established, and lncRNA ANRIL, IL-33 and ST2 expressions were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or western blot. The apoptosis of myocardial cells was detected by TUNEL assay. RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were used to confirm the interaction between lncRNA ANRIL and USP17.Results: Compared with sham group, lncRNA ANRIL and ST2 expression levels were up-regulated, and the apoptosis of myocardial cells was increased in heart tissues of AMI group. Compared with normoxia group, the apoptosis of mouse myocardial cell HL-1 and primary murine myocardial cells was increased, and lncRNA ANRIL and ST2 expression levels were up-regulated in hypoxia group. We also found up-regulation of IL-33 in AMI group and hypoxia group. Besides, lncRNA ANRIL affected deubiquitinase USP17-mediated degradation of IL-33. Interfering lncRNA ANRIL reduced the apoptosis of myocardial cells through IL-33/ST2 pathway. In vivo experiments found that interfering lncRNA ANRIL relieved myocardial cell apoptosis and improved heart function in AMI mice.Conclusion: LncRNA ANRIL regulated myocardial cell apoptosis through IL-33/ST2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xianwei Huang
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Fudong Hu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xin Fu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhengming Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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23
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Marafini I, Sedda S, Dinallo V, Monteleone G. Inflammatory cytokines: from discoveries to therapies in IBD. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 19:1207-1217. [PMID: 31373244 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1652267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Although the etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) remains unknown, accumulating evidence suggests that the intestinal tissue damage in these disorders is due to a dynamic interplay between immune cells and non-immune cells, which is mediated by cytokines produced within the inflammatory microenvironment. Areas covered: We review the available data about the role of inflammatory cytokines in IBD pathophysiology and provide an overview of the therapeutic options to block the function of such molecules. Expert opinion: Genome studies, in vitro experiments with patients' samples and animal models of colitis, have largely advanced our understanding of how cytokines modulate the ongoing mucosal inflammation in IBD. However, not all the cytokines produced within the damaged gut seem to play a major role in the amplification and perpetuation of the IBD-associated inflammatory cascade. Indeed, while some of the anti-cytokine compounds are effective in some subgroups of IBD patients, others have no benefit. In this complex scenario, a major unmet need is the identification of biomarkers that can predict response to therapy and facilitate a personalized therapeutic approach, which maximizes the benefits and limits the adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Marafini
- Department of Systems Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Silvia Sedda
- Department of Systems Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Dinallo
- Department of Systems Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Giovanni Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
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24
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Andreas N, Weber F, Meininger I, Templin N, Gaestel M, Kamradt T, Drube S. IL‐33‐activated murine mast cells control the dichotomy between RORγt+and Helios+Tregsvia the MK2/3‐mediated IL‐6 production in vitro. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:2159-2171. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Andreas
- Institut für ImmunologieUniversitätsklinikum Jena Jena Germany
| | - Franziska Weber
- Institut für ImmunologieUniversitätsklinikum Jena Jena Germany
| | | | - Nicole Templin
- Institut für ImmunologieUniversitätsklinikum Jena Jena Germany
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institut für ZellbiochemieMedizinische Hochschule Hannover Hannover Germany
| | - Thomas Kamradt
- Institut für ImmunologieUniversitätsklinikum Jena Jena Germany
| | - Sebastian Drube
- Institut für ImmunologieUniversitätsklinikum Jena Jena Germany
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25
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Chen J, He Y, Tu L, Duan L. Dual immune functions of IL-33 in inflammatory bowel disease. Histol Histopathol 2019; 35:137-146. [PMID: 31294456 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) has emerged as a critical regulator in a variety of diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IL-33 can be produced by various tissues and cells, and typically induces Th2-type immune responses via binding to the receptor ST2. In addition, accumulated data have shown that IL-33 also plays a modulatory role in the function of regulatory T cells (Tregs), B cells, and innate immune cells such as macrophages and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). IBD, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are characterized by aberrant immunological responses leading to intestinal tissue injury and destruction. Although IL-33 expression is increased in IBD patients and correlates with the patients' disease activity index, mechanistic studies to date have demonstrated both pathogenic and protective roles in animal models of experimental colitis. In this review, we will summarize the roles and mechanisms of IL-33 in IBD, which is essential to understand the pathogenesis of IBD and determine potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Scientific Research and Education, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lei Tu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Lihua Duan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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26
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Wang Z, Guhl S, Franke K, Artuc M, Zuberbier T, Babina M. IL-33 and MRGPRX2-Triggered Activation of Human Skin Mast Cells-Elimination of Receptor Expression on Chronic Exposure, but Reinforced Degranulation on Acute Priming. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040341. [PMID: 30979016 PMCID: PMC6523246 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically relevant exocytosis of mast cell (MC) mediators can be triggered by high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI)-aggregation (allergic route) or by the so-called pseudo-allergic pathway elicited via MAS-related G protein-coupled receptor-X2 (MRGPRX2). The latter is activated by drugs and endogenous neuropeptides. We recently reported that FcεRI-triggered degranulation is attenuated when human skin mast cells are chronically exposed to IL-33. Here, we were interested in the regulation of the MRGPRX2-route. Chronic exposure of skin MCs to IL-33 basically eliminated the pseudo-allergic/neurogenic route as a result of massive MRGPRX2 reduction. This downregulation seemed to partially require c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK), but not p38, the two kinases activated by IL-33 in skin MCs. Surprisingly, however, JNK had a positive effect on MRGPRX2 expression in the absence of IL-33. This was evidenced by Accell®-mediated JNK knockdown and JNK inhibition. In stark contrast to the dampening effect upon prolonged exposure, IL-33 was able to prime for increased degranulation by MRGPRX2 ligands when administered directly before stimulation. This supportive effect depended on p38, but not on JNK activity. Our data reinforce the concept that exposure length dictates whether IL-33 will enhance or attenuate secretion. IL-33 is, thus, the first factor to acutely enhance MRGPRX2-triggered degranulation. Finally, we reveal that p38, rarely associated with MC degranulation, can positively affect exocytosis in a context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sven Guhl
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Kristin Franke
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Metin Artuc
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Magda Babina
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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