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Li C, Qiu S, Liu X, Guo F, Zhai J, Li Z, Deng L, Ge L, Qian H, Yang L, Xu B. Extracellular matrix-derived mechanical force governs breast cancer cell stemness and quiescence transition through integrin-DDR signaling. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:247. [PMID: 37369642 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) serves as signals that regulate specific cell states in tumor tissues. Increasing evidence suggests that extracellular biomechanical force signals are critical in tumor progression. In this study, we aimed to explore the influence of ECM-derived biomechanical force on breast cancer cell status. Experiments were conducted using 3D collagen, fibrinogen, and Matrigel matrices to investigate the role of mechanical force in tumor development. Integrin-cytoskeleton-AIRE and DDR-STAT signals were examined using RNA sequencing and western blotting. Data from 1358 patients and 86 clinical specimens were used for ECM signature-prognosis analysis. Our findings revealed that ECM-derived mechanical force regulated tumor stemness and cell quiescence in breast cancer cells. A mechanical force of ~45 Pa derived from the extracellular substrate activated integrin β1/3 receptors, stimulating stem cell signaling pathways through the cytoskeleton/AIRE axis and promoting tumorigenic potential and stem-like phenotypes. However, excessive mechanical force (450 Pa) could drive stem-like cancer cells into a quiescent state, with the removal of mechanical forces leading to vigorous proliferation in quiescent cancer stem cells. Mechanical force facilitated cell cycle arrest to induce quiescence, dependent on DDR2/STAT1/P27 signaling. Therefore, ECM-derived mechanical force governs breast cancer cell status and proliferative characteristics through stiffness alterations. We further established an ECM signature based on the fibrinogen/fibronectin/vitronectin/elastin axis, which efficiently predicts patient prognosis in breast cancer. Our findings highlight the vital role of ECM-derived mechanical force in governing breast cancer cell stemness/quiescence transition and suggest the novel use of ECM signature in predicting the clinical prognosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, 6500, Switzerland
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Fengzhu Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jingtong Zhai
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Linghui Deng
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, 6500, Switzerland
| | - Liming Ge
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Haili Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Binghe Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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2
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Han L, Li T, Wang Y, Lai W, Zhou H, Niu Z, Su J, Lv G, Zhang G, Gao J, Huang J, Lou Z. Weierning, a Chinese patent medicine, improves chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 309:116345. [PMID: 36906155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Weierning tablet (WEN) is a traditional Chinese patent medicine widely used in clinical for chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) therapy for years. However, the underlying mechanisms of WEN on anti-CAG are still unveiled. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to elucidate the characteristic function of WEN on anti-CAG and to illuminate its potential mechanism. METHODS The CAG model was established by gavage rats with a modeling solution (consisting of 2% sodium salicylate and 30% alcohol) with irregular diets and free access to 0.1% ammonia solution for two months on end. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the serum levels of gastrin, pepsinogen, and inflammatory cytokines. qRT-PCR was applied to measure mRNA expressions of IL-6, IL-18, IL-10, TNF-α, and γ-IFN in gastric tissue. Pathological changes and the ultrastructure of gastric mucosa were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. AB-PAS staining was applied to observe the intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to measure the expression levels of mitochondria apoptosis-related proteins and Hedgehog pathway-related proteins in gastric tissues. Expressions of Cdx2 and Muc2 protein were determined by immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS WEN could dose-dependently lower the serum level of IL-1β and the mRNA expressions of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and γ-IFN in gastric tissue. Also, WEN significantly alleviated the collagen deposition in gastric submucosa, regulated the expressions of Bax, Cleaved-caspase9, Bcl2, and Cytochrome c to reduce the apoptosis of gastric mucosa epithelial cells, and maintained the integrity of the gastric mucosal barrier. Moreover, WEN could reduce protein expressions of Cdx2, Muc2, Shh, Gli1, and Smo, and reverse intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa to block the progress of CAG. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated a positive effect of WEN on improving CAG and reverse intestinal metaplasia. These functions were related to the suppression of gastric mucosal cells' apoptosis and the inhibition of Hedgehog pathways' activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Weizi Lai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Hengpu Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zhuangwei Niu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jie Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Guiyuan Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Guangji Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jianli Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Jianbo Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Zhaohuan Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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3
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Bootsma S, Bijlsma MF, Vermeulen L. The molecular biology of peritoneal metastatic disease. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e15914. [PMID: 36700339 PMCID: PMC9994485 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202215914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal metastases are a common form of tumor cell dissemination in gastrointestinal malignancies. Peritoneal metastatic disease (PMD) is associated with severe morbidity and resistance to currently employed therapies. Given the distinct route of dissemination compared with distant organ metastases, and the unique microenvironment of the peritoneal cavity, specific tumor cell characteristics are needed for the development of PMD. In this review, we provide an overview of the known histopathological, genomic, and transcriptomic features of PMD. We find that cancers representing the mesenchymal subtype are strongly associated with PMD in various malignancies. Furthermore, we discuss the peritoneal niche in which the metastatic cancer cells reside, including the critical role of the peritoneal immune system. Altogether, we show that PMD should be regarded as a distinct disease entity, that requires tailored treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Bootsma
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular MedicineAmsterdam UMC, Location University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer BiologyAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology MetabolismAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular MedicineAmsterdam UMC, Location University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer BiologyAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology MetabolismAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular MedicineAmsterdam UMC, Location University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer BiologyAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology MetabolismAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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4
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Chen ZZ, Wang WP, Xue HM, Liang Y. The lncRNA-miRNA-integrin alpha V ceRNA network can affect the occurrence and prognosis of gastric cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2022; 15:388-402. [PMID: 36381423 PMCID: PMC9638841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the role of integrin alpha V (ITGAV) and the related long noncoding RNA-microRNA-messenger RNA competing endogenous RNA (lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA) network in the development and prognosis of cancers, especially gastric cancer (GC), through bioinformatic analysis. METHODS Pan-cancer and GC data were collected from the UCSC Xena website, and validation datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). R (version 3.6.3), GraphPad Prism 8, and SPSS 23.0 software were used to analyze data and prepare figures. RESULTS The expression of ITGAV in tumor tissues was higher than that of normal tissues in ten cancer types. A lower expression of ITGAV in five tumors (CESC, LGG, LIHC, MESO, and STAD) predicted better patient prognosis. In GC, the mRNA and protein expression of ITGAV in tumor tissues was higher than that of normal tissues. Patients with high ITGAV expression had poor prognosis and clinical characteristics, including worse grades and more advanced stages. Patients with higher ITGAV expression had higher immune and stromal scores and lower purity (P<0.05). In addition, seven miRNAs were found that were negatively correlated with ITGAV expression through the website; high expression of these miRNAs indicated a better prognosis. Using this correlation, the authors built the lncRNA-miRNA-ITGAV ceRNA network, to predict the prognosis of GC. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that ITGAV could be considered a prognostic factor for GC, and an lncRNA-miRNA-ITGAV ceRNA network was built to promote the exploration of the mechanism and prognosis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Zhong Chen
- General Surgery Department, No. 1 People's Hospital of Ningyang County 872 Jinyang Street, Ningyang 271400, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wen-Peng Wang
- General Surgery Department, No. 1 People's Hospital of Ningyang County 872 Jinyang Street, Ningyang 271400, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hong-Mei Xue
- General Surgery Department, No. 1 People's Hospital of Ningyang County 872 Jinyang Street, Ningyang 271400, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu Liang
- General Surgery Department, No. 1 People's Hospital of Ningyang County 872 Jinyang Street, Ningyang 271400, Shandong Province, China
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5
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Yang M, Chen B, Kong L, Chen X, Ouyang Y, Bai J, Yu D, Zhang H, Li X, Zhang D. HMMR promotes peritoneal implantation of gastric cancer by increasing cell-cell interactions. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:81. [PMID: 36002694 PMCID: PMC9402864 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00543-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distant metastasis is the prominent factor for cancer-induced death of gastric cancer in which peritoneum is one of the dominating targets of gastric cancer metastasis. However, there is still a lack of effective predictive indicators and treatment methods for gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis. METHODS A clustering assay was used to investigate the cell aggregates formation ability. While the soft agar assay and anoikis assay were performed to detect the anchorage-independent growth and anoikis-resistant ability respectively. Luciferase activity assay, western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to explore the effect of HMMR on AKT signaling activity. The peritoneal implantation model was examined to explore the role of HMMR in vivo. RESULTS Silencing of HMMR expression markedly reduced the peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer cells through reducing cell-cell interactions. Mechanistically, HA-HMMR could activate Akt signaling, thus succeeding in distant colonization and metastatic outgrowth. Importantly, inducible depletion of HMMR significantly abrogates peritoneal implantation of gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our study highlights that HMMR promotes peritoneal implantation of gastric cancer. A better understanding of HMMR's functions and mechanism might provide a novel therapeutic target and prognostic marker for metastatic gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muwen Yang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Boyu Chen
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingzhi Kong
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangfu Chen
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Ouyang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiewen Bai
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Donglin Yu
- Academy of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Huizhong Zhang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xinghua Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China.
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Gli1 promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition and metastasis of non-small cell lung carcinoma by regulating Snail transcriptional activity and stability. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:3877-3890. [PMID: 36213531 PMCID: PMC9532560 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is crucial for the mortality of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in regulating tumor metastasis. Glioma-associated oncogene 1 (Gli1) is aberrantly active in a series of tumor tissues. However, the molecular regulatory relationships between Gli1 and NSCLC metastasis have not yet been identified. Herein, we reported Gli1 promoted NSCLC metastasis. High Gli1 expression was associated with poor survival of NSCLC patients. Ectopic expression of Gli1 in low metastatic A549 and NCI-H460 cells enhanced their migration, invasion abilities and facilitated EMT process, whereas knock-down of Gli1 in high metastatic NCI-H1299 and NCI-H1703 cells showed an opposite effect. Notably, Gli1 overexpression accelerated the lung and liver metastasis of NSCLC in the intravenously injected metastasis model. Further research showed that Gli1 positively regulated Snail expression by binding to its promoter and enhancing its protein stability, thereby facilitating the migration, invasion and EMT of NSCLC. In addition, administration of GANT-61, a Gli1 inhibitor, obviously suppressed the metastasis of NSCLC. Collectively, our study reveals that Gli1 is a critical regulator for NSCLC metastasis and suggests that targeting Gli1 is a prospective therapy strategy for metastatic NSCLC.
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7
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Xu L, Chen X, Jiang H, Xu J, Wang L, Sun Y. NDUFC1 Is Upregulated in Gastric Cancer and Regulates Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, Cycle and Migration. Front Oncol 2021; 11:709044. [PMID: 34966665 PMCID: PMC8710466 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.709044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common primary tumors of the digestive system. NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit C1 (NDUFC1), which is an accessory subunit of the NADH dehydrogenase (complex I), is responsible for the transportation of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain essential for the oxidative phosphorylation. However, little is known about the roles of NDUFC1 in carcinogenesis. In this study, NDUFC1 protein level in NSCLC tissues was tested by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. NDUFC1 mRNA level in gastric cancer cell lines was determined by qRT-PCR. MGC-803 and SGC-7901 cells were transfected with shNDUFC1 lentivirus designed to silence NDUFC1. MTT assay, CCK8 assay, wound healing assay and transwell migration assay were conducted. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. In vivo experiments were performed using nude mice. The results indicated that overexpressed NDUFC1 in gastric cancer was related to more serious tumor infiltrates, a higher risk of lymphatic metastasis, a higher proportion of positive lymph nodes, and a more advanced tumor stage. Compared with shCtrl groups, MGC-803 and SGC-7901 of shNDUFC1 groups had lower abilities of proliferation and migration, higher levels of apoptosis. NDUFC1 knockdown also inhibited SGC-7901 cell growth in vivo and suppressed Ki67 expression in xenograft tumors. More importantly, we found that NDUFC1 downregulation made the levels of P-Akt, P-mTOR, CCND1, CDK6, PIK3CA, Bcl-2, Survivin, and XIAP decreased, and that PI3K/AKT signaling pathway agonist SC79 rescued the inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and migration, reversed the promoted effects on cell apoptosis caused by NDUFC1 knockdown. More importantly, compared with NDUFC1 knockdown group, the expression of P-Akt, Bcl-2, Survivin, and XIAP was raised in shNDUFC1 + SC79 group. Thus, our suspicion was that NDUFC1 exacerbates NSCLC progression via PI3K/Akt pathway. Taken together, our study indicated that targeting NDUFC1 could open innovative perspectives for new multi-targeting approaches in the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Xiuxiu Chen
- Surgery of Breast Nail, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Hongtao Jiang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Yuemin Sun
- Department of Pancreatic & Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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8
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Hou S, Wang J, Li W, Hao X, Hang Q. Roles of Integrins in Gastrointestinal Cancer Metastasis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:708779. [PMID: 34869579 PMCID: PMC8634653 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.708779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are a large family of heterodimeric transmembrane receptors which mediate cell adhesion and transmit signals to the cell interior. The mechanistic roles of integrins have long been an enigma in cancer, given its complexity in regulating different cellular behaviors. Recently, however, increasing research is providing new insights into its function and the underlying mechanisms, which collectively include the influences of altered integrin expression on the aberrant signaling pathways and cancer progression. Many studies have also demonstrated the potentiality of integrins as therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. In this review, we have summarized these recent reports and put a particular emphasis on the dysregulated expression of integrins and how they regulate related signaling pathways to facilitate the metastatic progression of gastrointestinal cancer, including gastric cancer (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC), which will address the crucial roles of integrins in gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenqian Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xin Hao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qinglei Hang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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9
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Xiong J, Yan L, Zou C, Wang K, Chen M, Xu B, Zhou Z, Zhang D. Integrins regulate stemness in solid tumor: an emerging therapeutic target. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:177. [PMID: 34715893 PMCID: PMC8555177 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01192-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are the adhesion molecules and transmembrane receptors that consist of α and β subunits. After binding to extracellular matrix components, integrins trigger intracellular signaling and regulate a wide spectrum of cellular functions, including cell survival, proliferation, differentiation and migration. Since the pattern of integrins expression is a key determinant of cell behavior in response to microenvironmental cues, deregulation of integrins caused by various mechanisms has been causally linked to cancer development and progression in several solid tumor types. In this review, we discuss the integrin signalosome with a highlight of a few key pro-oncogenic pathways elicited by integrins, and uncover the mutational and transcriptomic landscape of integrin-encoding genes across human cancers. In addition, we focus on the integrin-mediated control of cancer stem cell and tumor stemness in general, such as tumor initiation, epithelial plasticity, organotropic metastasis and drug resistance. With insights into how integrins contribute to the stem-like functions, we now gain better understanding of the integrin signalosome, which will greatly assist novel therapeutic development and more precise clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangling Xiong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China.,College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lianlian Yan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China.,College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China
| | - Cheng Zou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China.,College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengjie Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China.,College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhipeng Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Dingxiao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China. .,College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China.
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10
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Liu J, Tian Z, Liu T, Wen D, Ma Z, Liu Y, Zhu J. CHSY1 is upregulated and acts as tumor promotor in gastric cancer through regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:1861-1874. [PMID: 34412565 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1963553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumors, with rapid progression and poor prognosis. The role of chondroitin sulfate synthase 1 (CHSY1) in the development and progression of gastric cancer was explored and clarified in this study. The immunohistochemistry analysis of clinical tissue samples as well as data mining of public database showed that CHSY1 was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer and associated with more advanced tumor stage and poorer prognosis. In vitro loss-of-function experiments demonstrated the inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration, as well as the promoted cell apoptosis by CHSY1 knockdown. Moreover, recovery of CHSY1 expression could attenuate the regulatory effects induced by CHSY1 knockdown. Correspondingly, gastric cancer cells with CHSY1 knockdown showed reduced tumorigenicity and slower tumor growth in vivo. In conclusion, this study identified CHSY1 as a tumor promotor in gastric cancer, which may be utilized as a novel indicator of patients' prognosis and therapeutic target for developing more effective drug for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhenwei Tian
- Intensive Care Unit, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tianzhou Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dacheng Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhiming Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuanda Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaming Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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11
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Liang Y, Yang L, Xie J. The Role of the Hedgehog Pathway in Chemoresistance of Gastrointestinal Cancers. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082030. [PMID: 34440799 PMCID: PMC8391142 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hedgehog pathway, which plays a significant role in embryonic development and stem cell regulation, is activated in gastrointestinal cancers. Chemotherapy is widely used in cancer treatment. However, chemoresistance becomes a substantial obstacle in cancer therapy. This review focuses on the recent advances in the hedgehog pathway's roles in drug resistance of gastrointestinal cancers and the novel drugs and strategies targeting hedgehog signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Clinical Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China;
| | - Ling Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Clinical Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China;
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (J.X.)
| | - Jingwu Xie
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (J.X.)
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12
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Zhang C, Li D, Yu R, Li C, Song Y, Chen X, Fan Y, Liu Y, Qu X. Immune Landscape of Gastric Carcinoma Tumor Microenvironment Identifies a Peritoneal Relapse Relevant Immune Signature. Front Immunol 2021; 12:651033. [PMID: 34054812 PMCID: PMC8155484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.651033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) still represents the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Peritoneal relapse (PR) is the most frequent metastasis occurring among patients with advanced gastric cancer. Increasingly more evidence have clarified the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) may predict survival and have clinical significance in GC. However, tumor-transcriptomics based immune signatures derived from immune profiling have not been established for predicting the peritoneal recurrence of the advanced GC. Methods In this study, we depict the immune landscape of GC by using transcriptome profiling and clinical characteristics retrieved from GSE62254 of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Immune cell infiltration score was evaluated via single-sample gene set enrichment (ssGSEA) analysis algorithm. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression algorithm was used to select the valuable immune cells and construct the final model for the prediction of PR. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the Kaplan-Meier curve were used to check the accuracy of PRIs. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed to explore the molecular pathways associated with PRIs. Results A peritoneal recurrence related immune score (PRIs) with 10 immune cells was constructed. Compared to the low-PRIs group, the high-PRIs group had a greater risk. The upregulation of the focal adhesion signaling was observed in the high-PRIs subtype by GSEA and KEGG. Multivariate analysis found that both in the internal training cohort and the internal validation cohort, PRIs was a stable and independent predictor for PR. A nomogram that integrated clinicopathological features and PRIs to predict peritoneal relapse was constructed. Subgroup analysis indicated that the PRIs could obviously distinguish peritoneal recurrence in different molecular subtypes, pathological stages and Lauren subtypes, in which PRIs of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transitions (EMT) subtype, III-IV stage and diffuse subtype are higher respectively. Conclusion Overall, we performed a comprehensive evaluation of the immune landscape of GC and constructed a predictive PR model based on the immune cell infiltration. The PRIs represents novel promising feature of predicting peritoneal recurrence of GC and sheds light on the improvement of the personalized management of GC patients after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruoxi Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institution, Shenyang, China
| | - Ce Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yujia Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yibo Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Wang Y, Wang D, Dai Y, Kong X, Zhu X, Fan Y, Wang Y, Wu H, Jin J, Yao W, Gao J, Wang K, Xu H. Positive Crosstalk Between Hedgehog and NF-κB Pathways Is Dependent on KRAS Mutation in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:652283. [PMID: 34046348 PMCID: PMC8144522 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.652283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways plays an important role in the pancreatic carcinogenesis, and KRAS mutation is a hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Until now, the role of KRAS mutation in the context of crosstalk between Hh and NF-κB signaling pathways in PDAC has not been investigated. This study was to determine whether the crosstalk between the Hh and NF-κB pathways is dependent on KRAS mutation in PDAC. The correlation between Gli1, Shh, NF-κB p65 expression and KRAS mutation in PDAC tissues was firstly examined by immunohistochemistry. Next, Western blotting, qPCR, and immunofluorescence were conducted to examine the biological effects of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) as NF-κB signaling agonists, Shh as an Hh ligand alone or in combination with KRAS small interfering RNA (si-KRAS) in KRAS-mutant PDAC cells (MT-KRAS; SW1990 and Panc-1), wild-type KRAS PDAC cells (WT-KRAS; BxPC-3) and mutant KRAS knock-in BxPC-3 cells in vitro as well as tumor growth in vivo. KRAS mutation-dependent crosstalk between Hh and NF-κB in PDAC cells was further assessed by Ras activity and luciferase reporter assays. The aberrant Hh and NF-κB pathway activation was found in PDAC tissues with KRAS mutation. The same findings were confirmed in MT-KRAS PDAC cells and MT-KRAS knock-in BxPC-3 cells, whereas this activation was not observed in WT-KRAS PDAC cells. However, the activation was significantly down-regulated by KRAS silencing in MT-KRAS PDAC cells. Furthermore, MT-KRAS cancer cell proliferation and survival in vitro and tumor growth after inoculation with MT-KRAS cells in vivo were promoted by NF-κB and Hh signaling activation. The pivotal factor for co-activation of NF-κB and Hh signaling is MT-KRAS protein upregulation, showing that positive crosstalk between Hh and NF-κB pathways is dependent upon KRAS mutation in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Hospital of 92608 People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) Troops, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanmiao Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunxia Fan
- Institute of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaodong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhu Yao
- Bureau of headmaster, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Institute of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
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14
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Zhang J, Fan J, Zeng X, Nie M, Luan J, Wang Y, Ju D, Yin K. Hedgehog signaling in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis and the gastrointestinal tumor microenvironment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:609-620. [PMID: 33777671 PMCID: PMC7982428 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway plays important roles in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis and the gastrointestinal tumor microenvironment (TME). Aberrant HH signaling activation may accelerate the growth of gastrointestinal tumors and lead to tumor immune tolerance and drug resistance. The interaction between HH signaling and the TME is intimately involved in these processes, for example, tumor growth, tumor immune tolerance, inflammation, and drug resistance. Evidence indicates that inflammatory factors in the TME, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), macrophages, and T cell-dependent immune responses, play a vital role in tumor growth by affecting the HH signaling pathway. Moreover, inhibition of proliferating cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and inflammatory factors can normalize the TME by suppressing HH signaling. Furthermore, aberrant HH signaling activation is favorable to both the proliferation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the drug resistance of gastrointestinal tumors. This review discusses the current understanding of the role and mechanism of aberrant HH signaling activation in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis, the gastrointestinal TME, tumor immune tolerance and drug resistance and highlights the underlying therapeutic opportunities.
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Key Words
- 5-Fu, 5-fluorouracil
- ALK5, TGF-β receptor I kinase
- ATO, arsenic trioxide
- BCC, basal cell carcinoma
- BCL-2, B cell lymphoma 2
- BMI-1, B cell-specific moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region-1
- CAFs, cancer-associated fibroblasts
- CSCs, cancer stem cells
- Cancer stem cells
- Carcinogenesis
- DHH, Desert Hedgehog
- Drug resistance
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- FOLFOX, oxaliplatin
- G protein coupled receptor kinase 2, HH
- Gastrointestinal cancer
- Hedgehog
- Hedgehog, HIF-1α
- IHH, Indian Hedgehog
- IL-10/6, interleukin 10/6
- ITCH, itchy E3 ubiquitin ligase
- MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- NK, natural killer
- NOX4, NADPH Oxidase 4
- PD-1, programmed cell death-1
- PD-L1, programmed cell death ligand-1
- PKA, protein kinase A
- PTCH, Patched
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SHH, Sonic Hedgehog
- SMAD3, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3
- SMO, Smoothened
- SNF5, sucrose non-fermenting 5
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- SUFU, Suppressor of Fused
- TAMs, tumor-related macrophages
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor β
- TME, tumor microenvironment
- Tumor microenvironment
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- WNT, Wingless/Integrated
- and leucovorin, GLI
- ch5E1, chimeric monoclonal antibody 5E1
- glioma-associated oncogene homologue, GRK2
- hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, IFN-γ: interferon-γ
- βArr2, β-arrestin2
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Biological Medicines, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiajun Fan
- Department of Biological Medicines, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xian Zeng
- Department of Biological Medicines, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingming Nie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jingyun Luan
- Department of Biological Medicines, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yichen Wang
- Department of Biological Medicines, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biological Medicines, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Shanghai 201203, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 21 65349106 (Kai Yin); Tel.: +86 21 5198 0037; Fax +86 21 5198 0036 (Dianwen Ju).
| | - Kai Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 21 65349106 (Kai Yin); Tel.: +86 21 5198 0037; Fax +86 21 5198 0036 (Dianwen Ju).
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15
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Lu J, Bang H, Kim SM, Cho SJ, Ashktorab H, Smoot DT, Zheng CH, Ryeom SW, Yoon SS, Yoon C, Lee JH. Lymphatic metastasis-related TBL1XR1 enhances stemness and metastasis in gastric cancer stem-like cells by activating ERK1/2-SOX2 signaling. Oncogene 2021; 40:922-936. [PMID: 33288885 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The poor prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) results largely from metastasis and chemotherapy resistance. Toward novel therapeutic strategies that target or evade these phenomena, we evaluated the function of the transcriptional regulator transducin (β)-like 1 X-linked receptor 1 (TBL1XR1) in GC cells, including stem-like cells. In this study, the correlation of expression of TBL1XR1 and clinical features and GC patients' outcomes was evaluated. Knockdown or exogenous expression of TBL1XR1 was combined with in vitro (2D and 3D cultures) and in vivo (mouse lung and lymphatic metastasis models) assays to evaluate the function of TBL1XR1. TBL1XR1's downstream signaling was delineated by phospho-kinase array and knockdown of candidate mediators. Analysis of clinical data showed that TBL1XR1 overexpression was correlated with worse prognosis. Functional assays showed that TBL1XR1 promoted stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and lung and lymphatic metastasis in GC cells. TBL1XR1 activated ERK1/2-Sox2 signaling and was dependent on signaling via PI3K/AKT, in GC stem-like cells distinguished by CD44 expression. Moreover, inhibition of these signaling proteins reversed chemoresistance in in vitro and in vivo models. Taken together, our results indicate that TBL1XR1 promotes stemness and metastasis in GC, making it a potential prognostic indicator. The PI3K/AKT-TBL1XR1-ERK1/2-Sox2 axis may represent a target for the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian, China
| | - Heejin Bang
- Department of Pathology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Mi Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jeong Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Duane T Smoot
- Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chao-Hui Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian, China
| | - Sandra W Ryeom
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sam S Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Changhwan Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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16
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Pádua D, Figueira P, Ribeiro I, Almeida R, Mesquita P. The Relevance of Transcription Factors in Gastric and Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells Identification and Eradication. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:442. [PMID: 32626705 PMCID: PMC7314965 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric and colorectal cancers have a high incidence and mortality worldwide. The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) within the tumor mass has been indicated as the main reason for tumor relapse, metastasis and therapy resistance, leading to poor overall survival. Thus, the elimination of CSCs became a crucial goal for cancer treatment. The identification of these cells has been performed by using cell-surface markers, a reliable approach, however it lacks specificity and usually differs among tumor type and in some cases even within the same type. In theory, the ideal CSC markers are those that are required to maintain their stemness features. The knowledge that CSCs exhibit characteristics comparable to normal stem cells that could be associated with the expression of similar transcription factors (TFs) including SOX2, OCT4, NANOG, KLF4 and c-Myc, and signaling pathways such as the Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog (Hh), Notch and PI3K/AKT/mTOR directed the attention to the use of these similarities to identify and target CSCs in different tumor types. Several studies have demonstrated that the abnormal expression of some TFs and the dysregulation of signaling pathways are associated with tumorigenesis and CSC phenotype. The disclosure of common and appropriate biomarkers for CSCs will provide an incredible tool for cancer prognosis and treatment. Therefore, this review aims to gather the new insights in gastric and colorectal CSC identification specially by using TFs as biomarkers and divulge promising drugs that have been found and tested for targeting these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pádua
- i3S – Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Figueira
- i3S – Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Ribeiro
- i3S – Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Almeida
- i3S – Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Mesquita
- i3S – Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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17
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Qi W, Yang Z, Feng Y, Li H, Che N, Liu L, Xuan Y. Gli1 regulates stemness characteristics in gastric adenocarcinoma. Diagn Pathol 2020; 15:60. [PMID: 32430068 PMCID: PMC7236965 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-020-00949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1), affects the progression and the stemness characteristics of malignant carcinoma. The aim of the present study was to identify the relation between Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1) and stemness and determine its clinical significance in gastric adenocarcinoma (GA). We investigated Gli1 expression and its correlation with other stemness-associated proteins in 169 GA samples and 5 GA cell lines. Methods To elucidate the role of Gli1 in the clinicopathological significance and stemness of GA, tissues samples from 169 GA patients were collected for immunohistochemistry (IHC). Additionally, MKN74, MKN28, NCI-N87, SNU638, AGS cells were collected for western blotting, MKN28 cells were collected for spheroid formation assay. Results Results showed that Gli1 expression was closely related to tumor grade, primary tumor (pT) stage, distant metastasis, clinical stage, gross type, microvessel density, and shorter overall survival (OS). Cox regression analysis verified that Gli1 was an independent prognostic factor for OS. Furthermore, Gli1 expression correlated with the expression of stemness-related genes, CD44, LSD1, and Sox9. Gli1 inhibitor GANT61 significantly decreased the expression of CD44 and LSD1, and spheroid formation ability of the MKN28 cells. Conclusions In conclusion, Gli1 may be a poor prognostic indicator and a potential cancer stemness-related protein in GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Qi
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhaoting Yang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China.,Department of Pathology, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China.,Department of Pathology, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China
| | - Haoyue Li
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China.,Department of Pathology, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China
| | - Nan Che
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China.,Department of Pathology, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China.
| | - Yanhua Xuan
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China. .,Department of Pathology, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China.
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