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Chattopadhyay C, Roszik J, Bhattacharya R, Alauddin M, Mahmud I, Yadugiri S, Ali MM, Khan FS, Prabhu VV, Lorenzi P, Burton E, Morey RR, Lazcano R, Davies MA, Patel SP, Grimm EA. Imipridones inhibit tumor growth and improve survival in an orthotopic liver metastasis mouse model of human uveal melanoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.12.575058. [PMID: 38293232 PMCID: PMC10827043 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.12.575058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Uveal melanoma (UM) is a highly aggressive disease with very few treatment options. We previously demonstrated that mUM is characterized by high oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Here we tested the anti-tumor, signaling and metabolic effects of imipridones, CLPP activators which reduce OXPHOS indirectly and have demonstrated safety in patients. Experimental Design We assessed CLPP expression in UM patient samples. We tested the effects of imipridones (ONC201, ONC212) on the growth, survival, signaling and metabolism of UM cell lines in vitro, and for therapeutic effects in vivo in UM liver metastasis models. Results CLPP expression was confirmed in primary and mUM patient samples. ONC201/212 treatment of UM cell lines in vitro decreased OXPHOS effectors, inhibited cell growth and migration, and induced apoptosis. ONC212 increased metabolic stress and apoptotic pathways, inhibited amino acid metabolism, and induced cell death-related lipids. ONC212 also decreased tumor burden and increased survival in vivo in two UM liver metastasis models. Conclusion Imipridones are a promising strategy for further testing and development in mUM.
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Alhaddad H, Ospina OE, Khaled ML, Ren Y, Forsyth P, Pina Y, Macaulay R, Law V, Tsai KY, Cress WD, Fridley B, Smalley I. Spatial transcriptomics analysis identifies a unique tumor-promoting function of the meningeal stroma in melanoma leptomeningeal disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.18.572266. [PMID: 38187574 PMCID: PMC10769278 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.18.572266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) remains a rapidly lethal complication for late-stage melanoma patients. The inaccessible nature of the disease site and lack of understanding of the biology of this unique metastatic site are major barriers to developing efficacious therapies for patients with melanoma LMD. Here, we characterize the tumor microenvironment of the leptomeningeal tissues and patient-matched extra-cranial metastatic sites using spatial transcriptomic analyses with in vitro and in vivo validation. We show the spatial landscape of melanoma LMD to be characterized by a lack of immune infiltration and instead exhibit a higher level of stromal involvement. We show that the tumor-stroma interactions at the leptomeninges activate pathways implicated in tumor-promoting signaling, mediated through upregulation of SERPINA3 at the tumor-stroma interface. Our functional experiments establish that the meningeal stroma is required for melanoma cells to survive in the CSF environment and that these interactions lead to a lack of MAPK inhibitor sensitivity in the tumor. We show that knocking down SERPINA3 or inhibiting the downstream IGR1R/PI3K/AKT axis results in re-sensitization of the tumor to MAPK-targeting therapy and tumor cell death in the leptomeningeal environment. Our data provides a spatial atlas of melanoma LMD, identifies the tumor-promoting role of meningeal stroma, and demonstrates a mechanism for overcoming microenvironment-mediated drug resistance unique to this metastatic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Alhaddad
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology at the Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Oscar E. Ospina
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics at the Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Mariam Lotfy Khaled
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology at the Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology at the Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Peter Forsyth
- Department of Tumor Biology at the Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of NeuroOncology at the Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Yolanda Pina
- Department of NeuroOncology at the Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Robert Macaulay
- Department of Pathology at the Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Vincent Law
- Department of Tumor Biology at the Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of NeuroOncology at the Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Kenneth Y. Tsai
- Department of Pathology at the Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - W Douglas Cress
- Department of Molecular Oncology at the Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Brooke Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics at the Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Division of Health Services & Outcomes Research, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - Inna Smalley
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology at the Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology at the Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Long S, Xu J, Huang H. Analysis of differential gene immune infiltration and clinical characteristics of skin cutaneous melanoma based on systems biology and drug repositioning methods to identify drug candidates for skin cutaneous melanoma. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2427-2447. [PMID: 37086280 PMCID: PMC10122093 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02461-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) has a low early detection rate and a high mortality rate. There are many problems such as side effects and drug resistance in existing therapeutic drugs. Current studies have confirmed that SKCM pathogenesis-related genes promote the invasion and metastasis of cutaneous melanoma, but their roles in the tumor microenvironment (TME) remain unclear. Network pharmacology provides new opportunities for drug repurposing and repositioning, and is a fast, safe, and inexpensive drug discovery method to find new drugs for the treatment of SKCM. In this study, based on 3 databases (KEGG, OMIM, and Genotype) to obtain SKCM-related genes, and TCGA SKCM dataset, SKCM differential genes in GSE3189 and GSE46517 were intersected to identify SKCM pathogenesis-related differential genes, and the differential genes were immune infiltration and analysis, For survival analysis, a prognostic nomogram risk model was constructed based on the results of multivariate Cox regression analysis for risk stratification and prognosis prediction, then focused on the differential expression of ZC3H12A and its effect on TME. Finally, the protein interaction network method was used to quantify the similarity between 684 drug targets and skin melanoma, and to screen out drugs similar to skin melanoma. Based on 3 databases of KEGG, OMIM, and Genotype, 294 SKCM-related genes and 18 SKCM pathogenesis-related differential genes were obtained, and 18 SKCM pathogenesis-related differential genes were significantly correlated with TME. The constructed prognostic nomogram risk model predicted performance better and provided valuable information for immunotherapy. Multivariate Cox regression analysis and K-M analysis showed that ZC3H12A was a differentially expressed gene affecting the prognosis of SKCM and promoted the infiltration of anti-tumor immune cells CD8 + T cells, B cells, and DC cells. Based on the analysis of the protein interaction network method, 43 drugs were found to have high potential in the treatment of SKCM, and the literature search of these 43 drugs was carried out, and 21 drugs were found to have experimental verification for the treatment of SKCM. Taken together, the differential genes associated with the pathogenesis of SKCM have important roles in the tumor immune microenvironment, clinicopathological features, and prognosis, especially ZC3H12A has a potential role in identifying early SKCM patients. At the same time, it provides a new strategy for the drug development of SKCM and provides a basis for the reuse of SKCM drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyong Long
- Department of Traumatology, Guizhou Province, Tongren People's Hospital, No 120 Middle Section of Taoyuan Avenue, Tongren City, 554399, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Traumatology, Guizhou Province, Tongren People's Hospital, No 120 Middle Section of Taoyuan Avenue, Tongren City, 554399, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Traumatology, Guizhou Province, Tongren People's Hospital, No 120 Middle Section of Taoyuan Avenue, Tongren City, 554399, People's Republic of China
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Zhang M, Zuo Y, Guo J, Yang L, Wang Y, Tan M, Guo X. A novel signature for predicting prognosis and immune landscape in cutaneous melanoma based on anoikis-related long non-coding RNAs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16332. [PMID: 37770477 PMCID: PMC10539372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39837-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Anoikis is a unique form of apoptosis associated with vascularization and distant metastasis in cancer. Eliminating anoikis resistance in tumor cells could be a promising target for improving the prognosis of terminal cancer patients. However, current studies have not elaborated on the prognosis effect of anoikis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cutaneous melanoma. Pre-processed data, including RNA sequences and clinical information, were retrieved from TCGA and GTEx databases. After a series of statistical analyses, anoikis-related lncRNAs with prognostic significance were identified, and a unique risk signature was constructed. Risk scores were further analyzed in relation to the tumor microenvironment, tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion, immune checkpoint genes, and RNA methylation genes. The indicators were also used to predict the potentially sensitive anti-cancer drugs. An anoikis-related lncRNAs risk signature consisting of LINC01711, POLH-AS1, MIR205HG, and LINC02416 was successfully established in cutaneous melanoma. Overall survival and progression-free survival of patients were strongly linked with the risk score, independently of other clinical factors. The low-risk group exhibited a more beneficial immunological profile, was less affected by RNA methylation, and was more sensitive to the majority of anti-cancer drugs, all of which indicated a better prognostic outcome. The 4 hub lncRNAs may be fundamental to studying the mechanism of anoikis in cutaneous melanoma and provide personalized therapy for salvaging drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuzhi Zuo
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Vascular Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lushan Yang
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yizhi Wang
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Meiyun Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Center of Ambulatory Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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5
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Neuendorf HM, Simmons JL, Boyle GM. Therapeutic targeting of anoikis resistance in cutaneous melanoma metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1183328. [PMID: 37181747 PMCID: PMC10169659 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1183328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of resistance to anoikis, the cell death induced by loss of adhesion to the extracellular matrix, is an absolute requirement for the survival of disseminating and circulating tumour cells (CTCs), and for the seeding of metastatic lesions. In melanoma, a range of intracellular signalling cascades have been identified as potential drivers of anoikis resistance, however a full understanding of the process is yet to be attained. Mechanisms of anoikis resistance pose an attractive target for the therapeutic treatment of disseminating and circulating melanoma cells. This review explores the range of small molecule, peptide and antibody inhibitors targeting molecules involved in anoikis resistance in melanoma, and may be repurposed to prevent metastatic melanoma prior to its initiation, potentially improving the prognosis for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. Neuendorf
- Cancer Drug Mechanisms Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jacinta L. Simmons
- Cancer Drug Mechanisms Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Glen M. Boyle
- Cancer Drug Mechanisms Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Mokhtari K, Peymani M, Rashidi M, Hushmandi K, Ghaedi K, Taheriazam A, Hashemi M. Colon cancer transcriptome. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 180-181:49-82. [PMID: 37059270 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the last four decades, methodological innovations have continuously changed transcriptome profiling. It is now feasible to sequence and quantify the transcriptional outputs of individual cells or thousands of samples using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). These transcriptomes serve as a connection between cellular behaviors and their underlying molecular mechanisms, such as mutations. This relationship, in the context of cancer, provides a chance to unravel tumor complexity and heterogeneity and uncover novel biomarkers or treatment options. Since colon cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies, its prognosis and diagnosis seem to be critical. The transcriptome technology is developing for an earlier and more accurate diagnosis of cancer which can provide better protectivity and prognostic utility to medical teams and patients. A transcriptome is a whole set of expressed coding and non-coding RNAs in an individual or cell population. The cancer transcriptome includes RNA-based changes. The combined genome and transcriptome of a patient may provide a comprehensive picture of their cancer, and this information is beginning to affect treatment decision-making in real-time. A full assessment of the transcriptome of colon (colorectal) cancer has been assessed in this review paper based on risk factors such as age, obesity, gender, alcohol use, race, and also different stages of cancer, as well as non-coding RNAs like circRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and siRNAs. Similarly, they have been examined independently in the transcriptome study of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatere Mokhtari
- Department of Modern Biology, ACECR Institute of Higher Education (Isfahan Branch), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4815733971, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4815733971, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Qian Y, Ding P, Xu J, Nie X, Lu B. CCL2 activates AKT signaling to promote glycolysis and chemoresistance in glioma cells. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:819-828. [PMID: 35178826 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of gliomas is increasing. Although great progress in glioma treatment has been made, the clinical outcome remains unsatisfactory. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) plays a key role in different types of cancers, including glioma. However, the function of CCL2 in glioma chemoresistance is not fully understood. In the current study, CCL2 was significantly upregulated in glioma. More importantly, CCL2 and CCR2 were significantly upregulated in temozolomide (TMZ)-resistant glioma. TMZ-resistant malignant glioblastoma cells (U251/TMZ) had higher expressions of CCL2 and CCR2 and a higher level of glycolysis as compared to its parental cell line U251. Silencing of CCL2 in U251/TMZ cells inhibited glycolysis. Overexpression of CCL2 reduced TMZ-induced apoptosis through activation of the AKT pathway and promotion of glycolysis. Moreover, overexpression of CCL2 significantly reduced the antitumor effect of TMZ in vivo. In conclusion, CCL2 overexpression reduced the antitumor effect of TMZ by enhancing glycolysis through activation of AKT signaling. The findings highlighted the importance of CCL2/CCR2/glycolysis and its potential value i developing new treatment for glioma. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Qian
- Huzhou Cent Hospital, Affiliated Cent Hospital HuZhou University
| | - Peng Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Jie Xu
- Huzhou Cent Hospital, Affiliated Cent Hospital HuZhou University
| | - Xiaohu Nie
- Huzhou Cent Hospital, Affiliated Cent Hospital HuZhou University
| | - Bin Lu
- Huzhou Cent Hospital, Affiliated Cent Hospital HuZhou University
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Yi YW, You KS, Park JS, Lee SG, Seong YS. Ribosomal Protein S6: A Potential Therapeutic Target against Cancer? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010048. [PMID: 35008473 PMCID: PMC8744729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) is a component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit and participates in the control of mRNA translation. Additionally, phospho (p)-RPS6 has been recognized as a surrogate marker for the activated PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway, which occurs in many cancer types. However, downstream mechanisms regulated by RPS6 or p-RPS remains elusive, and the therapeutic implication of RPS6 is underappreciated despite an approximately half a century history of research on this protein. In addition, substantial evidence from RPS6 knockdown experiments suggests the potential role of RPS6 in maintaining cancer cell proliferation. This motivates us to investigate the current knowledge of RPS6 functions in cancer. In this review article, we reviewed the current information about the transcriptional regulation, upstream regulators, and extra-ribosomal roles of RPS6, with a focus on its involvement in cancer. We also discussed the therapeutic potential of RPS6 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (K.S.Y.); (J.-S.P.)
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Kyu Sic You
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (K.S.Y.); (J.-S.P.)
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Jeong-Soo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (K.S.Y.); (J.-S.P.)
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-G.L.); (Y.-S.S.); Tel.: +82-2-961-2355 (S.-G.L.); +82-41-550-3875 (Y.-S.S.); Fax: +82-2-961-9623 (S.-G.L.)
| | - Yeon-Sun Seong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (K.S.Y.); (J.-S.P.)
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-G.L.); (Y.-S.S.); Tel.: +82-2-961-2355 (S.-G.L.); +82-41-550-3875 (Y.-S.S.); Fax: +82-2-961-9623 (S.-G.L.)
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Chu X, Bu Y, Yang X. Recent Research Progress of Chiral Small Molecular Antitumor-Targeted Drugs Approved by the FDA From 2011 to 2019. Front Oncol 2021; 11:785855. [PMID: 34976824 PMCID: PMC8718447 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.785855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral drugs usually contain chiral centers, which are present as single enantiomers or racemates. Compared with achiral drugs, they have significant advantages in safety and efficacy with high stereoselectivity. Of these drugs, chirality not only exerts influence on the solubility and pharmacokinetic characteristics but also has specific mechanistic characteristics on their targets. We noted that small molecules with unique chiral properties have emerged as novel components of antitumor drugs approved by the FDA in decade. Since approved, these drugs have been continuously explored for new indications, new mechanisms, and novel combinations. In this mini review, recent research progress of twenty-two FDA-approved chiral small molecular-targeted antitumor drugs from 2011 to 2019 is summarized with highlighting the potential and advantages of their applications. We believe that these updated achievements may provide theoretical foundation and stimulate research interests for optimizing drug efficacy, expanding clinical application, overcoming drug resistance, and advancing safety in future clinical administrations of these chiral targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Li Y, Zhang J, Sun H, Chen Y, Li W, Yu X, Zhao X, Zhang L, Yang J, Xin W, Jiang Y, Wang G, Shi W, Zhu D. lnc-Rps4l-encoded peptide RPS4XL regulates RPS6 phosphorylation and inhibits the proliferation of PASMCs caused by hypoxia. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1411-1424. [PMID: 33429084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation caused by hypoxia is an important pathological process of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Prevention of PASMCs proliferation can effectively reduce PH mortality. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the proliferation process. Recent evidence has demonstrated that functional peptides encoded by lncRNAs play important roles in cell pathophysiological process. Our previous study has demonstrated that lnc-Rps4l with high coding ability mediates the PASMCs proliferation under hypoxic conditions. We hypothesize in this study that a lnc-Rps4l-encoded peptide is involved in hypoxic-induced PASMCs proliferation. The presence of peptide 40S ribosomal protein S4 X isoform-like (RPS4XL) encoded by lnc-Rps4l in PASMCs under hypoxic conditions was confirmed by bioinformatics, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. Inhibition of proliferation by the peptide RPS4XL was demonstrated in hypoxic PASMCs by MTT, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation, and immunofluorescence assays. By using the bioinformatics, coimmunoprecipitation (coIP), and mass spectrometry, RPS6 was identified to interact with RPS4XL. Furthermore, lnc-Rps4l-encoded peptide RPS4XL inhibited the RPS6 process via binding to RPS6 and inhibiting RPS6 phosphorylation at p-RPS6 (Ser240+Ser244) phosphorylation site. These results systematically elucidate the role and regulatory network of Rps4l-encoded peptide RPS4XL in PASMCs proliferation. These discoveries provide potential targets for early diagnosis and a leading compound for treatment of hypoxic PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Li
- Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, P.R. China
| | - Junting Zhang
- Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hanliang Sun
- Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, P.R. China
| | - Wendi Li
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xiufeng Yu
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, P.R. China
| | - Xijuan Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xin
- Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, P.R. China
| | - Guilin Wang
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Shi
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, P.R. China
| | - Daling Zhu
- Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, P.R. China; Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, P.R. China.
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