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Mani S, Jindal D, Singh M. Gene Therapy, A Potential Therapeutic Tool for Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Applications, Challenges and Future Perspective. Curr Gene Ther 2023; 23:20-40. [PMID: 35345999 DOI: 10.2174/1566523222666220328142427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders are the main risks for the health care system, exhibiting a huge socioeconomic load. The available range of pharmacotherapeutics mostly provides palliative consequences and fails to treat such conditions. The molecular etiology of various neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders is mostly associated with a change in genetic background, which can be inherited/triggered by other environmental factors. To address such conditions, gene therapy is considered a potential approach claiming a permanent cure of the disease primarily by deletion, silencing, or edition of faulty genes and by insertion of healthier genes. In gene therapy, vectors (viral/nonvial) play an important role in delivering the desired gene to a specific region of the brain. Targeted gene therapy has unraveled opportunities for the treatment of many neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. For improved gene delivery, the current techniques mainly focus on designing a precise viral vector, plasmid transfection, nanotechnology, microRNA, and in vivo clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based therapy. These latest techniques have great benefits in treating predominant neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and autism spectrum disorder, as well as rarer diseases. Nevertheless, all these delivery methods have their limitations, including immunogenic reactions, off-target effects, and a deficiency of effective biomarkers to appreciate the effectiveness of therapy. In this review, we present a summary of the current methods in targeted gene delivery, followed by the limitations and future direction of gene therapy for the cure of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Emerging Diseases, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, U.P., India
| | - Divya Jindal
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Emerging Diseases, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, U.P., India
| | - Manisha Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Emerging Diseases, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, U.P., India
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Seyednejad SA, Sartor GC. Noncoding RNA therapeutics for substance use disorder. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2022; 2:10807. [PMID: 36601439 PMCID: PMC9808746 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2022.10807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been shown to regulate maladaptive neuroadaptations that drive compulsive drug use, ncRNA-targeting therapeutics for substance use disorder (SUD) have yet to be clinically tested. Recent advances in RNA-based drugs have improved many therapeutic issues related to immune response, specificity, and delivery, leading to multiple successful clinical trials for other diseases. As the need for safe and effective treatments for SUD continues to grow, novel nucleic acid-based therapeutics represent an appealing approach to target ncRNA mechanisms in SUD. Here, we review ncRNA processes implicated in SUD, discuss recent therapeutic approaches for targeting ncRNAs, and highlight potential opportunities and challenges of ncRNA-targeting therapeutics for SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Afshin Seyednejad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences (CT IBACS), Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Gregory C. Sartor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences (CT IBACS), Storrs, CT, United States
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Kasina V, Mownn RJ, Bahal R, Sartor GC. Nanoparticle delivery systems for substance use disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1431-1439. [PMID: 35351961 PMCID: PMC8960682 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Innovative breakthroughs in nanotechnology are having a substantial impact in healthcare, especially for brain diseases where effective therapeutic delivery systems are desperately needed. Nanoparticle delivery systems offer an unmatched ability of not only conveying a diverse array of diagnostic and therapeutic agents across complex biological barriers, but also possess the ability to transport payloads to targeted cell types over a sustained period. In substance use disorder (SUD), many therapeutic targets have been identified in preclinical studies, yet few of these findings have been translated to effective clinical treatments. The lack of success is, in part, due to the significant challenge of delivering novel therapies to the brain and specific brain cells. In this review, we evaluate the potential approaches and limitations of nanotherapeutic brain delivery systems. We also highlight the examples of promising strategies and future directions of nanocarrier-based treatments for SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kasina
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| | - Robert J. Mownn
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| | - Raman Bahal
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| | - Gregory C. Sartor
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
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Isa T. Double viral vector intersectional approaches for pathway-selective manipulation of motor functions and compensatory mechanisms. Exp Neurol 2021; 349:113959. [PMID: 34953894 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Selective manipulation of particular subcomponent of neural circuits is crucial for understanding the functional architecture of neural systems and for development of the future therapeutic strategies against neurological disorders. In this article, I review how the intersectional approaches with double viral vector technique was introduced for the pathway-selective manipulation of spinal circuits. In this technique, a retrograde gene transfer vector is injected into the terminal area of the targeted neurons and an anterograde vector is injected at the location of their somata. Either by using the Tet-transactivator or Cre-loxP system, the experimenter can chemogenetically or optogenetically manipulate the transmission of the target pathway originated from the double-infected neurons. This technique was first developed for manipulation of spinal cord interneurons in the macaque monkeys by selective expression of tetanus neurotoxin and successfully affected the dexterous hand movements. Currently, this technique is widely used on a variety of neural pathways both in rodents and primates in combination with a variety of retrograde vectors and a variety of optogenetic and chemogenetic tools. The advantage of this technique is that it is not necessary to generate transgenic animals. Knowledge of the cell-type specific promotors is not needed. Manipulation is achieved primarily by injection of two viral vectors based on the anatomical knowledge and it is applicable in a variety of animal species including primates. The pros, cons and future direction of this technique are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Isa
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Japan; Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Sun S, Zhu Z, He T, Chen F, Wang X, Zhang X, Li M, Li Y, Sun Y, He Q, Li X, Wang M. A study of adeno-associated virus in cortical-thalamostriatal pathway. Brain Res 2021; 1773:147698. [PMID: 34655617 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The cortical-thalamostriatal pathway constitutes the cortico-basal ganglia circuit and plays a critical role in the control of movement. Emerging evidence shows that center median/parafascicular (CM/Pf) neurons are lost in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with motor deficits and CM/Pf neurons send massive and topographically organized projections to specific regions of the dorsal striatum, but provide only minor inputs to the cerebral cortex. However, anatomical connectivity in the cortical-thalamostriatal pathway are poorly understood at present. In the present study, we used a neural tracing method with adeno-associated virus (AAV) to monitor the cortical-thalamostriatal connectivity in rats. We found that parafascicular nucleus (PF) not only project directly to the striatum but send minor inputs to the cortical regions. It was manifested by green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing fibers observed in dorsolateral striatum (DLS) and the primary motor cortex (M1) after adeno-associated virus serotype 2/9 (AAV2/9)-GFP injection into PF and GFP expressing cells observed in PF after injection AAV2/retro-GFP into M1. And the PF also receive projections from the DLS and it was demonstrated by GFP expressing fibers in PF after AAV2/9-GFP injection into DLS and GFP expressing cells in DLS after injection AAV2/retro-GFP into PF. Histological and behavioral analysis revealed that AAV vector transduction cause damage in neurons on the injection sites and also damage motor activity of rats suggesting caution in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88# Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88# Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Tianqi He
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Feiyu Chen
- School of International Education, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- The First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medicine University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Editorial Department of Journal, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88# Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yuchuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88# Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88# Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88# Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiuhua Li
- The First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medicine University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88# Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China.
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Botterill JJ, Khlaifia A, Walters BJ, Brimble MA, Scharfman HE, Arruda-Carvalho M. Off-Target Expression of Cre-Dependent Adeno-Associated Viruses in Wild-Type C57BL/6J Mice. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0363-21.2021. [PMID: 34785571 PMCID: PMC8614227 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0363-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are a commonly used tool in neuroscience to efficiently label, trace, and/or manipulate neuronal populations. Highly specific targeting can be achieved through recombinase-dependent AAVs in combination with transgenic rodent lines that express Cre-recombinase in specific cell types. Visualization of viral expression is typically achieved through fluorescent reporter proteins (e.g., GFP or mCherry) packaged within the AAV genome. Although nonamplified fluorescence is usually sufficient to observe viral expression, immunohistochemical amplification of the fluorescent reporter is routinely used to improve viral visualization. In the present study, Cre-dependent AAVs were injected into the neocortex of wild-type C57BL/6J mice. While we observed weak but consistent nonamplified off-target double inverted open reading frame (DIO) expression in C57BL/6J mice, antibody amplification of the GFP or mCherry reporter revealed notable Cre-independent viral expression. Off-target expression of DIO constructs in wild-type C57BL/6J mice occurred independent of vendor, AAV serotype, or promoter. We also evaluated whether Cre-independent expression had functional effects via designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs). The DREADD agonist C21 (compound 21) had no effect on contextual fear conditioning or c-Fos expression in DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry+ cells of C57BL/6J mice. Together, our results indicate that DIO constructs have off-target expression in wild-type subjects. Our findings are particularly important for the design of experiments featuring sensitive systems and/or quantitative measurements that could be negatively impacted by off-target expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Botterill
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Abdessattar Khlaifia
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Brandon J Walters
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Mark A Brimble
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennnessee 38105
| | - Helen E Scharfman
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York 10962
- Departments of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Neuroscience & Physiology, and Psychiatry, and New York University Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York 10016
| | - Maithe Arruda-Carvalho
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada
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