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Lail N, Pandey AK, Venkatesh S, Noland RD, Swanson G, Pain D, Branson HM, Suzuki CK, Yoon G. Child Neurology: Progressive Cerebellar Atrophy and Retinal Dystrophy: Clues to an Ultrarare ACO2-Related Neurometabolic Diagnosis. Neurology 2023; 101:e1567-e1571. [PMID: 37460232 PMCID: PMC10585704 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic biallelic variants in ACO2, which encodes the enzyme mitochondrial aconitase, are associated with the very rare diagnosis of ACO2-related infantile cerebellar retinal degeneration (OMIM 614559). We describe the diagnostic odyssey of a 4-year-old female patient with profound global developmental delays, microcephaly, severe hypotonia, retinal dystrophy, seizures, and progressive cerebellar atrophy. Whole-exome sequencing revealed 2 variants in ACO2; c.2105_2106delAG (p.Gln702ArgfsX9), a likely pathogenic variant, and c.988C>T (p.Pro330Ser) which was classified as a variant of uncertain significance (VUS). While the VUS was confirmed to be maternally inherited, the phase of the other variant could not be confirmed due to lack of a paternal sample. Functional biochemical studies were performed on a research basis to clarify the interpretation of the VUS, which enabled clinical confirmation of the diagnosis of ACO2-related infantile cerebellar retinal degeneration for our patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Lail
- From the Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics (N.L., G.Y.), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience (A.K.P., D.P.), and Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (S.V., R.D.N., G.S., C.K.S.), Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark; and Division of Neuroradiology (H.M.B.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging, and Division of Neurology (G.Y.), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. S. Venkatesh is now with Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown
| | - Ashutosh K Pandey
- From the Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics (N.L., G.Y.), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience (A.K.P., D.P.), and Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (S.V., R.D.N., G.S., C.K.S.), Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark; and Division of Neuroradiology (H.M.B.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging, and Division of Neurology (G.Y.), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. S. Venkatesh is now with Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown
| | - Sundararajan Venkatesh
- From the Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics (N.L., G.Y.), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience (A.K.P., D.P.), and Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (S.V., R.D.N., G.S., C.K.S.), Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark; and Division of Neuroradiology (H.M.B.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging, and Division of Neurology (G.Y.), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. S. Venkatesh is now with Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown
| | - Roberto D Noland
- From the Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics (N.L., G.Y.), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience (A.K.P., D.P.), and Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (S.V., R.D.N., G.S., C.K.S.), Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark; and Division of Neuroradiology (H.M.B.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging, and Division of Neurology (G.Y.), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. S. Venkatesh is now with Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown
| | - Gabriel Swanson
- From the Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics (N.L., G.Y.), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience (A.K.P., D.P.), and Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (S.V., R.D.N., G.S., C.K.S.), Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark; and Division of Neuroradiology (H.M.B.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging, and Division of Neurology (G.Y.), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. S. Venkatesh is now with Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown
| | - Debkumar Pain
- From the Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics (N.L., G.Y.), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience (A.K.P., D.P.), and Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (S.V., R.D.N., G.S., C.K.S.), Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark; and Division of Neuroradiology (H.M.B.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging, and Division of Neurology (G.Y.), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. S. Venkatesh is now with Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown
| | - Helen M Branson
- From the Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics (N.L., G.Y.), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience (A.K.P., D.P.), and Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (S.V., R.D.N., G.S., C.K.S.), Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark; and Division of Neuroradiology (H.M.B.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging, and Division of Neurology (G.Y.), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. S. Venkatesh is now with Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown
| | - Carolyn K Suzuki
- From the Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics (N.L., G.Y.), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience (A.K.P., D.P.), and Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (S.V., R.D.N., G.S., C.K.S.), Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark; and Division of Neuroradiology (H.M.B.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging, and Division of Neurology (G.Y.), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. S. Venkatesh is now with Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown
| | - Grace Yoon
- From the Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics (N.L., G.Y.), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience (A.K.P., D.P.), and Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (S.V., R.D.N., G.S., C.K.S.), Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark; and Division of Neuroradiology (H.M.B.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging, and Division of Neurology (G.Y.), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. S. Venkatesh is now with Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown.
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Vitrac A, Leblond CS, Rolland T, Cliquet F, Mathieu A, Maruani A, Delorme R, Schön M, Grabrucker AM, van Ravenswaaij-Arts C, Phelan K, Tabet AC, Bourgeron T. Dissecting the 22q13 region to explore the genetic and phenotypic diversity of patients with Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2023; 66:104732. [PMID: 36822569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
SHANK3-related Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is caused by a loss of the distal part of chromosome 22, including SHANK3, or by a pathological SHANK3 variant. There is an important genetic and phenotypic diversity among patients who can present with developmental delay, language impairments, autism, epilepsy, and other symptoms. SHANK3, encoding a synaptic scaffolding protein, is deleted in the majority of patients with PMS and is considered a major gene involved in the neurological impairments of the patients. However, differences in deletion size can influence clinical features, and in some rare cases, deletions at the 22q13 locus in individuals with SHANK3-unrelated PMS do not encompass SHANK3. These individuals with SHANK3-unrelated PMS still display a PMS-like phenotype. This suggests the participation of other 22q13 genes in the pathogenesis of PMS. Here, we review the biological function and potential implication in PMS symptoms of 110 genes located in the 22q13 region, focusing on 35 genes with evidence for association with neurodevelopmental disorders, including 13 genes for epilepsy and 11 genes for microcephaly and/or macrocephaly. Our review is restricted to the 22q13 region, but future large-scale studies using whole genome sequencing and deep-phenotyping are warranted to develop predictive models of clinical trajectories and to target specific medical and educational care for each individual with PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Vitrac
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, Université de Paris Cité, IUF, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Claire S Leblond
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, Université de Paris Cité, IUF, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Rolland
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, Université de Paris Cité, IUF, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Freddy Cliquet
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, Université de Paris Cité, IUF, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Mathieu
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, Université de Paris Cité, IUF, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Anna Maruani
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Robert Debré, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Richard Delorme
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Robert Debré, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Michael Schön
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas M Grabrucker
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute HRI, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Conny van Ravenswaaij-Arts
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Katy Phelan
- Genetics Laboratory, Florida Cancer Specialists & Research Institute, Fort Myers, FL, 33916, USA
| | | | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, Université de Paris Cité, IUF, 75015, Paris, France.
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Panza E, Meyyazhagan A, Orlacchio A. Hereditary spastic paraplegia: Genetic heterogeneity and common pathways. Exp Neurol 2022; 357:114203. [PMID: 35970204 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias (HSPs) are a heterogeneous group of disease, mainly characterized by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs resulting from distal degeneration of corticospinal tract axons. Although HSPs represent rare or ultra-rare conditions, with reported cases of mutated genes found in single families, overall, with 87 forms described, they are an important health and economic problem for society and patients. In fact, they are chronic and life-hindering conditions, still lacking a specific therapy. Notwithstanding the number of forms described, and 73 causative genes identified, overall, the molecular diagnostic rate varies among 29% to 61.8%, based on recent published analysis, suggesting that more genes are involved in HSP and/or that different molecular diagnostic approaches are necessary. The accumulating data in this field highlight several peculiar features of HSPs, such as genetic heterogeneity, the discovery that different mutations in a single gene can be transmitted in dominant and recessive trait in families and allelic heterogeneity, resulting in the involvement of HSP-genes in other conditions. Based on the observation of protein functions, the activity of many different proteins encoded by HSP-related genes converges into some distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. This suggests that common pathways could be a potential target for a therapy, possibly addressing several forms at once. Furthermore, the overlap of HSP genes with other neurological conditions can further expand this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Panza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arun Meyyazhagan
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Orlacchio
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy; Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
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