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Hu Q, Su L, Zhao W, Jin Y, Jin L, Yang Y, Zhang F. CBX4 regulation of senescence and associated diseases: Molecular pathways and mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2025; 215:107705. [PMID: 40120729 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2025.107705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2025] [Revised: 03/12/2025] [Accepted: 03/18/2025] [Indexed: 03/25/2025]
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) is a multisubunit, evolutionarily conserved epigenetic regulator critical to numerous biological processes. Being a core component of the canonical PRC1 subunit within the Polycomb group protein complex, Chromobox4 (CBX4), a SUMO E3 ligase, can bind to H3K27me3 and recruit PRC1. This ligase regulates the SUMOylation of various proteins and permits their post-translational modification under different physiological conditions. CBX4 has been reported to regulate the development of senescence and various diseases in vivo. This review delves into the physiological functions and action mechanisms of CBX4 across different tissues and cells, particularly focusing on its primarily roles in migration, cellular senescence, metabolic dysregulation, inflammation development, and tumor proliferation. Targeting CBX4 offers a therapeutic potential for delaying cell senescence and suppressing tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, China
| | - Linming Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanli Zhao
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Yinuo Jin
- Nanjing HanKai Academy, Jiangpu Street, Pukou District, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, China.
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, China.
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2
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Noreen S, Simonelli N, Benedetti R, Carafa V, Grieco M, Ambrosino C, Dell'Aversana C, Nebbioso A, Conte M, Del Gaudio N, Altucci L. Unravelling the impact of the chromobox proteins in human cancers. Cell Death Dis 2025; 16:238. [PMID: 40175347 PMCID: PMC11965368 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-025-07585-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2025] [Accepted: 03/21/2025] [Indexed: 04/04/2025]
Abstract
Chromobox (CBX) proteins play a crucial role in regulating epigenetic processes. They are extensively involved in various biological processes, including embryonic development, stem cell maintenance, cell proliferation and apoptosis control. The disruption and malfunction of CBXs in cancer typically results in the interference or abnormal activation of developmental pathways, which facilitate the onset, growth, and advancement of cancer. This review initially introduces the physiological properties and functions of the CBXs. Subsequently, it examines the involvement of CBXs in different cancer types. Cancer hallmarks driven by CBXs are mediated through multiple mechanisms, including changes in gene expression patterns, epigenetic dysregulation of chromatin control, disruption of intracellular signaling and alterations in cell metabolism. The study also highlights novel potential anticancer therapeutics targeting CBXs in cancer. In this review we provide novel perspectives and a solid foundation for future investigations on CBXs as promising therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Noreen
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicla Simonelli
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Benedetti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
- UP Medical Epigenetics, AOU Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carafa
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
- Biogem Institute of Molecular and Genetic Biology, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Michele Grieco
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Carmela Dell'Aversana
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, BA, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore" (IEOS)-National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
- UP Medical Epigenetics, AOU Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Conte
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzio Del Gaudio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, Health, and Health Professions, Link Campus University, Via del Casale Di San Pio V 44, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
- UP Medical Epigenetics, AOU Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.
- Biogem Institute of Molecular and Genetic Biology, Ariano Irpino, Italy.
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3
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Gürhan G, Sevinç K, Aztekin C, Gayretli M, Yılmaz A, Yıldız AB, Ervatan EN, Morova T, Datlı E, Coleman OD, Kawamura A, Lack NA, Syed H, Önder T. A chromatin-focused CRISPR screen identifies USP22 as a barrier to somatic cell reprogramming. Commun Biol 2025; 8:454. [PMID: 40102626 PMCID: PMC11920211 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-025-07899-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2025] [Indexed: 03/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Cell-autonomous barriers to reprogramming somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) remain poorly understood. Using a focused CRISPR-Cas9 screen, we identified Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22 (USP22) as a key chromatin-based barrier to human iPSC derivation. Suppression of USP22 significantly enhances reprogramming efficiency. Surprisingly, this effect is likely to be independent of USP22's deubiquitinase activity or its association with the SAGA complex, as shown through module-specific knockouts, and genetic rescue experiments. USP22 is not required for iPSC derivation or maintenance. Mechanistically, USP22 loss during reprogramming downregulates fibroblast-specific genes while activating pluripotency-associated genes, including DNMT3L, LIN28A, SOX2, and GDF3. Additionally, USP22 loss enhances reprogramming efficiency under naïve stem cell conditions. These findings reveal an unrecognized role for USP22 in maintaining somatic cell identity and repressing pluripotency genes, highlighting its potential as a target to improve reprogramming efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülben Gürhan
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kenan Sevinç
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Can Aztekin
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mert Gayretli
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Tunç Morova
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elif Datlı
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oliver D Coleman
- Chemistry - School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Akane Kawamura
- Chemistry - School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan A Lack
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hamzah Syed
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Data Management Core, KUTTAM, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tamer Önder
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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4
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Wang K, He Q, Jiang X, Wang T, Li Z, Qing H, Dong Y, Ma Y, Zhao B, Zhang J, Sun H, Xing Z, Wu Y, Liu W, Guan J, Song A, Wang Y, Zhao P, Qin L, Shi W, Yu Z, Zhou H, Jiao Z. Targeting UBE2T suppresses breast cancer stemness through CBX6-mediated transcriptional repression of SOX2 and NANOG. Cancer Lett 2024; 611:217409. [PMID: 39716485 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2024] [Revised: 11/26/2024] [Accepted: 12/20/2024] [Indexed: 12/25/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are the main cause of breast cancer recurrence and metastasis. While the ubiquitin-proteasome system contributes to the regulation of BCSC stemness, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we identified ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T (UBE2T) as a pivotal ubiquitin enzyme regulating BCSC stemness through systemic screening assays, including single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and stemness-index analysis. We found that patients with high UBE2T expression exhibited worse prognosis than those with low expression (10-year PFS: 55.95 % vs. 85.08 %), which are consistent across various subtypes of breast cancers. Genetic ablation of UBE2T suppresses BCSC stemness and tumor progression in organoids and spontaneous MMTV-PyMT mice, dependent on the transcriptional inactivation of pluripotency genes SOX2 and NANOG. Mechanically, UBE2T collaborates with the E3 ligase TRIM25 to perform K48-linked polyubiquitination and degradation of CBX6 at K214, which deficiency helps to promote the transcription of SOX2 and NANOG and enhances BCSC stemness. The pharmacological inhibitor of UBE2T significantly reduced the expression of NANOG and SOX2, suppressed tumor progression, and demonstrated synergistic effects when combined with chemotherapeutics, but not with other treatments. Collectively, our study revealed that the UBE2T-TRIM25-CBX6 axis can regulate BCSC stemness and offers a potentially therapeutic strategy to combat breast cancer in a clinical translation setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qichen He
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiangyan Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Huiguo Qing
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yuman Dong
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Gansu Province High-Altitude High-Incidence Cancer Biobank, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yong Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Junchang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haonan Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zongrui Xing
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yuxia Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Junhong Guan
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ailin Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Gansu Provincial Third People 's Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Gansu Provincial Third People 's Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Long Qin
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Gansu Province High-Altitude High-Incidence Cancer Biobank, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wengui Shi
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Gansu Province High-Altitude High-Incidence Cancer Biobank, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zeyuan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Gansu Province High-Altitude High-Incidence Cancer Biobank, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Huinian Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Gansu Province High-Altitude High-Incidence Cancer Biobank, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zuoyi Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Gansu Province High-Altitude High-Incidence Cancer Biobank, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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Xu Y, Chang L, Chen Y, Dan Z, Zhou L, Tang J, Deng L, Tang G, Li C. USP26 Combats Age-Related Declines in Self-Renewal and Multipotent Differentiation of BMSC by Maintaining Mitochondrial Homeostasis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2406428. [PMID: 39377219 PMCID: PMC11600297 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202406428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
Age-related declines in self-renewal and multipotency of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) limit their applications in tissue engineering and clinical therapy. Thus, understanding the mechanisms behind BMSC senescence is crucial for maintaining the rejuvenation and multipotent differentiation capabilities of BMSCs. This study reveals that impaired USP26 expression in BMSCs leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, ultimately resulting in aging and age-related declines in the self-renewal and multipotency of BMSCs. Specifically, decreased USP26 expression results in decreased protein levels of Sirtuin 2 due to its ubiquitination degradation, which leads to mitochondrial dysfunction in BMSCs and ultimately resulting in aging and age-related declines in self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potentials. Additionally, decreased USP26 expression in aging BMSCs is a result of dampened hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression. HIF-1α facilitates USP26 transcriptional expression by increasing USP26 promoter activity through binding to the -191 - -198 bp and -262 - -269 bp regions on the USP26 promoter. Therefore, the identification of USP26 as being correlated with aging and age-related declines in self-renewal and multipotency of BMSCs, along with understanding its expression and action mechanisms, suggests that USP26 represents a novel therapeutic target for combating aging and age-related declines in the self-renewal and multipotent differentiation of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Xu
- Department of OrthopedicsShanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint DiseasesShanghai Institute of Traumatology and OrthopedicsRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Leilei Chang
- Department of OrthopedicsShanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint DiseasesShanghai Institute of Traumatology and OrthopedicsRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of OrthopedicsKunshan Hospital of Chinese MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Yangzhou UniversitySuzhouJiangsu Province215300China
- Institute of Traumatology and OrthopedicsKunshan Hospital of Chinese MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Yangzhou UniversitySuzhouJiangsu Province215300China
| | - Zhou Dan
- Department of OrthopedicsShanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint DiseasesShanghai Institute of Traumatology and OrthopedicsRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of OrthopedicsKunshan Hospital of Chinese MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Yangzhou UniversitySuzhouJiangsu Province215300China
- Institute of Traumatology and OrthopedicsKunshan Hospital of Chinese MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Yangzhou UniversitySuzhouJiangsu Province215300China
| | - Jiyuan Tang
- Department of OrthopedicsShanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint DiseasesShanghai Institute of Traumatology and OrthopedicsRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Lianfu Deng
- Department of OrthopedicsShanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint DiseasesShanghai Institute of Traumatology and OrthopedicsRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Guoqing Tang
- Department of OrthopedicsKunshan Hospital of Chinese MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Yangzhou UniversitySuzhouJiangsu Province215300China
- Institute of Traumatology and OrthopedicsKunshan Hospital of Chinese MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Yangzhou UniversitySuzhouJiangsu Province215300China
| | - Changwei Li
- Department of OrthopedicsShanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint DiseasesShanghai Institute of Traumatology and OrthopedicsRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025China
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6
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Liu J, Zhai M, Chen Y, Wei Y, Li F, Chen Y, Duan B, Xing L, Du H, Jiang M, Li H, Ren G. Acetylation-dependent deubiquitinase USP26 stabilizes BAG3 to promote breast cancer progression. Cancer Lett 2024; 597:217005. [PMID: 38880224 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Deubiquitylases (DUBs) have emerged as promising targets for cancer therapy due to their role in stabilizing substrate proteins within the ubiquitin machinery. Here, we identified ubiquitin-specific protease 26 (USP26) as an oncogene via screening prognostic DUBs in breast cancer. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, we found that depletion of USP26 inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion, and suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in nude mice. Further investigation identified co-chaperone Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) as the direct substrate of USP26, and ectopic expression of BAG3 partially reversed antitumor effect induced by USP26 knockdown. Mechanistically, the lysine acetyltransferase Tip60 targeted USP26 at K134 for acetylation, which enhanced USP26 binding affinity to BAG3, leading to BAG3 deubiquitination and increased protein stability. Importantly, we employed a structure-based virtual screening and discovered a drug-like molecule called 5813669 that targets USP26, destabilizing BAG3 and effectively mitigating tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Clinically, high expression levels of USP26 were correlated with elevated BAG3 levels and poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Overall, our findings highlight the critical role of USP26 in BAG3 protein stabilization and provide a promising therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhou Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Mo Zhai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Orthopedics, Qijiang Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Qijiang, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yanyu Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuxian Wei
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuru Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Bixia Duan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lei Xing
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Huimin Du
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hongzhong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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7
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Chen Y, Li M, Wu Y. The occurrence and development of induced pluripotent stem cells. Front Genet 2024; 15:1389558. [PMID: 38699229 PMCID: PMC11063328 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1389558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The ectopic expression of four transcription factors, Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM), known as "Yamanaka factors," can reprogram or stimulate the production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Although OSKM is still the gold standard, there are multiple ways to reprogram cells into iPSCs. In recent years, significant progress has been made in improving the efficiency of this technology. Ten years after the first report was published, human pluripotent stem cells have gradually been applied in clinical settings, including disease modeling, cell therapy, new drug development, and cell derivation. Here, we provide a review of the discovery of iPSCs and their applications in disease and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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8
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Ye Y, Li M, Pan Q, Fang X, Yang H, Dong B, Yang J, Zheng Y, Zhang R, Liao Z. Machine learning-based classification of deubiquitinase USP26 and its cell proliferation inhibition through stabilizing KLF6 in cervical cancer. Comput Biol Med 2024; 168:107745. [PMID: 38064851 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to accurately distinguish ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) from other members within the deubiquitinating enzyme families based on protein sequences. Additionally, we seek to elucidate the specific regulatory mechanisms through which USP26 modulates Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) and assess the subsequent effects of this regulation on both the proliferation and migration of cervical cancer cells. METHODS All the deubiquitinase (DUB) sequences were classified into USPs and non-USPs. Feature vectors, including 188D, n-gram, and 400D dimensions, were extracted from these sequences and subjected to binary classification via the Weka software. Next, thirty human USPs were also analyzed to identify conserved motifs and ascertained evolutionary relationships. Experimentally, more than 90 unique DUB-encoding plasmids were transfected into HeLa cell lines to assess alterations in KLF6 protein levels and to isolate a specific DUB involved in KLF6 regulation. Subsequent experiments utilized both wild-type (WT) USP26 overexpression and shRNA-mediated USP26 knockdown to examine changes in KLF6 protein levels. The half-life experiment was performed to assess the influence of USP26 on KLF6 protein stability. Immunoprecipitation was applied to confirm the USP26-KLF6 interaction, and ubiquitination assays to explore the role of USP26 in KLF6 deubiquitination. Additional cellular assays were conducted to evaluate the effects of USP26 on HeLa cell proliferation and migration. RESULTS 1. Among the extracted feature vectors of 188D, 400D, and n-gram, all 12 classifiers demonstrated excellent performance. The RandomForest classifier demonstrated superior performance in this assessment. Phylogenetic analysis of 30 human USPs revealed the presence of nine unique motifs, comprising zinc finger and ubiquitin-specific protease domains. 2. Through a systematic screening of the deubiquitinase library, USP26 was identified as the sole DUB associated with KLF6. 3. USP26 positively regulated the protein level of KLF6, as evidenced by the decrease in KLF6 protein expression upon shUSP26 knockdown in both 293T and Hela cell lines. Additionally, half-life experiments demonstrated that USP26 prolonged the stability of KLF6. 4. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed a strong interaction between USP26 and KLF6. Notably, the functional interaction domain was mapped to amino acids 285-913 of USP26, as opposed to the 1-295 region. 5. WT USP26 was found to attenuate the ubiquitination levels of KLF6. However, the mutant USP26 abrogated its deubiquitination activity. 6. Functional biological assays demonstrated that overexpression of USP26 inhibited both proliferation and migration of HeLa cells. Conversely, knockdown of USP26 was shown to promote these oncogenic properties. CONCLUSIONS 1. At the protein sequence level, members of the USP family can be effectively differentiated from non-USP proteins. Furthermore, specific functional motifs have been identified within the sequences of human USPs. 2. The deubiquitinating enzyme USP26 has been shown to target KLF6 for deubiquitination, thereby modulating its stability. Importantly, USP26 plays a pivotal role in the modulation of proliferation and migration in cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Qilong Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Laboratory of Non-communicable Chronic Disease Control, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350012, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Bingying Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jiaying Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Renxiang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Zhijun Liao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
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9
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Zhang X, Meng T, Cui S, Liu D, Pang Q, Wang P. Roles of ubiquitination in the crosstalk between tumors and the tumor microenvironment (Review). Int J Oncol 2022; 61:84. [PMID: 35616129 PMCID: PMC9170352 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between a tumor and the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a key role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Ubiquitination, a crucial post-translational modification for regulating protein degradation and turnover, plays a role in regulating the crosstalk between a tumor and the TME. Thus, identifying the roles of ubiquitination in the process may assist researchers to investigate the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis and tumor progression. In the present review article, new insights into the substrates for ubiquitination that are involved in the regulation of hypoxic environments, angiogenesis, chronic inflammation-mediated tumor formation, and the function of cancer-associated fibroblasts and infiltrating immune cells (tumor-associated macrophages, T-cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells) are summarized. In addition, the potential targets of the ubiquitination proteasome system within the TME for cancer therapy and their therapeutic effects are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Zhang
- Anti‑aging and Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P.R. China
| | - Tong Meng
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Shuaishuai Cui
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P.R. China
| | - Dongwu Liu
- Anti‑aging and Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P.R. China
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- Anti‑aging and Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P.R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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10
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Tang J, Luo Y, Xiao L. USP26 promotes anaplastic thyroid cancer progression by stabilizing TAZ. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:326. [PMID: 35397626 PMCID: PMC8994751 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most lethal and aggressive human malignancies, with no effective treatment currently available. The Hippo tumor suppressor pathway is highly conserved in mammals and plays an important role in carcinogenesis. TAZ is one of major key effectors of the Hippo pathway. However, the mechanism supporting abnormal TAZ expression in ATC remains to be characterized. In the present study, we identified USP26, a DUB enzyme in the ubiquitin-specific proteases family, as a bona fide deubiquitylase of TAZ in ATC. USP26 was shown to interact with, deubiquitylate, and stabilize TAZ in a deubiquitylation activity-dependent manner. USP26 depletion significantly decreased ATC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The effects induced by USP26 depletion could be rescued by further TAZ overexpression. Depletion of USP26 decreased the TAZ protein level and the expression of TAZ/TEAD target genes in ATC, including CTGF, ANKRD1, and CYR61. In general, our findings establish a previously undocumented catalytic role for USP26 as a deubiquitinating enzyme of TAZ and provides a possible target for the therapy of ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Tang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer Control and Prevention in Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Yongwen Luo
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer Control and Prevention in Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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11
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The osteoprotective role of USP26 in coordinating bone formation and resorption. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1123-1136. [PMID: 35091692 PMCID: PMC9177963 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis is maintained through a balance of bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) are involved in regulating bone metabolism by preserving bone formation or antagonizing bone resorption. However, the specific USPs that maintain bone homeostasis by orchestrating bone formation and bone resorption simultaneously are poorly understood. Here, we identified USP26 as a previously unknown regulator of bone homeostasis that coordinates bone formation and resorption. Mechanistically, USP26 stabilizes β-catenin to promote the osteogenic activity of mesenchymal cells (MSCs) and impairs the osteoclastic differentiation of bone myelomonocytes (BMMs) by stabilizing inhibitors of NF-κBα (IκBα). Gain-of-function experiments revealed that Usp26 supplementation significantly increased bone regeneration in bone defects in aged mice and decreased bone loss resulting from ovariectomy. Taken together, these data show the osteoprotective effect of USP26 via the coordination of bone formation and resorption, suggesting that USP26 represents a potential therapeutic target for osteoporosis.
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12
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Lamb KN, Dishman SN, Waybright JM, Engelberg IA, Rectenwald JM, Norris-Drouin JL, Cholensky SH, Pearce KH, James LI, Frye SV. Discovery of Potent Peptidomimetic Antagonists for Heterochromatin Protein 1 Family Proteins. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:716-732. [PMID: 35036738 PMCID: PMC8757366 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) sub-family of CBX chromodomains are responsible for the recognition of histone H3 lysine 9 tri-methyl (H3K9me3)-marked nucleosomal substrates through binding of the N-terminal chromodomain. These HP1 proteins, namely, CBX1 (HP1β), CBX3 (HP1γ), and CBX5 (HP1α), are commonly associated with regions of pericentric heterochromatin, but recent literature studies suggest that regulation by these proteins is likely more dynamic and includes other loci. Importantly, there are no chemical tools toward HP1 chromodomains to spatiotemporally explore the effects of HP1-mediated processes, underscoring the need for novel HP1 chemical probes. Here, we report the discovery of HP1 targeting peptidomimetic compounds, UNC7047 and UNC7560, and a biotinylated derivative tool compound, UNC7565. These compounds represent an important milestone, as they possess nanomolar affinity for the CBX5 chromodomain by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and bind HP1-containing complexes in cell lysates. These chemical tools provide a starting point for further optimization and the study of CBX5-mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey N. Lamb
- Center
for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical
Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sarah N. Dishman
- Center
for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical
Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jarod M. Waybright
- Center
for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical
Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Isabelle A. Engelberg
- Center
for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical
Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Justin M. Rectenwald
- Center
for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical
Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jacqueline L. Norris-Drouin
- Center
for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical
Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Stephanie H. Cholensky
- Center
for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical
Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kenneth H. Pearce
- Center
for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical
Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Lindsey I. James
- Center
for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical
Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Stephen V. Frye
- Center
for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical
Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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13
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Tang X, Sui X, Weng L, Liu Y. SNAIL1: Linking Tumor Metastasis to Immune Evasion. Front Immunol 2021; 12:724200. [PMID: 34917071 PMCID: PMC8669501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.724200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Snail1, a key inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), plays a critical role in tumor metastasis. Its stability is strictly controlled by multiple intracellular signal transduction pathways and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Increasing evidence indicates that methylation and acetylation of Snail1 also affects tumor metastasis. More importantly, Snail1 is involved in tumor immunosuppression by inducing chemokines and immunosuppressive cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition, some immune checkpoints potentiate Snail1 expression, such as programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and T cell immunoglobulin 3 (TIM-3). This mini review highlights the pathways and molecules involved in maintenance of Snail1 level and the significance of Snail1 in tumor immune evasion. Due to the crucial role of EMT in tumor metastasis and tumor immunosuppression, comprehensive understanding of Snail1 function may contribute to the development of novel therapeutics for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Xue Sui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Liang Weng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for Cancer, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Gerontological Cancer Research, National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Changsha, China.,Center for Molecular Imaging of Central South University, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yongshuo Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China.,Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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14
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Giordano I, Pirone L, Muratore V, Landaluze E, Pérez C, Lang V, Garde-Lapido E, Gonzalez-Lopez M, Barroso-Gomila O, Vertegaal ACO, Aransay AM, Rodriguez JA, Rodriguez MS, Sutherland JD, Barrio R. SALL1 Modulates CBX4 Stability, Nuclear Bodies, and Regulation of Target Genes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:715868. [PMID: 34621739 PMCID: PMC8490708 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.715868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Development is orchestrated through a complex interplay of multiple transcription factors. The comprehension of this interplay will help us to understand developmental processes. Here we analyze the relationship between two key transcription factors: CBX4, a member of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1), and SALL1, a member of the Spalt-like family with important roles in embryogenesis and limb development. Both proteins localize to nuclear bodies and are modified by the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO). Our results show that CBX4 and SALL1 interact in the nucleoplasm and that increased SALL1 expression reduces ubiquitination of CBX4, enhancing its stability. This is accompanied by an increase in the number and size of CBX4-containing Polycomb bodies, and by a greater repression of CBX4 target genes. Thus, our findings uncover a new way of SALL1-mediated regulation of Polycomb bodies through modulation of CBX4 stability, with consequences in the regulation of its target genes, which could have an impact in cell differentiation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Giordano
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Lucia Pirone
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Veronica Muratore
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Eukene Landaluze
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Coralia Pérez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Valerie Lang
- Viralgen Vector Core, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Guipúzcoa, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Elisa Garde-Lapido
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Monika Gonzalez-Lopez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Orhi Barroso-Gomila
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Alfred C O Vertegaal
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ana M Aransay
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Rodriguez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Manuel S Rodriguez
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination-CNRS, Paul Sabatier: Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - James D Sutherland
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Rosa Barrio
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
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15
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Novel Mutations in X-Linked, USP26-Induced Asthenoteratozoospermia and Male Infertility. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071594. [PMID: 34202084 PMCID: PMC8307012 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Male infertility is a multifactorial disease with a strong genetic background. Abnormal sperm morphologies have been found to be closely related to male infertility. Here, we conducted whole-exome sequencing in a cohort of 150 Han Chinese men with asthenoteratozoospermia. Two novel hemizygous mutations were identified in USP26, an X-linked gene preferentially expressed in the testis and encoding a deubiquitinating enzyme. These USP26 variants are extremely rare in human population genome databases and have been predicted to be deleterious by multiple bioinformatics tools. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and electron microscopy analyses of the spermatozoa from men harboring hemizygous USP26 variants showed a highly aberrant morphology and ultrastructure of the sperm heads and flagella. Real-time quantitative PCR and immunoblotting assays revealed obviously reduced levels of USP26 mRNA and protein in the spermatozoa from men harboring hemizygous deleterious variants of USP26. Furthermore, intracytoplasmic sperm injections performed on infertile men harboring hemizygous USP26 variants achieved satisfactory outcomes. Overall, our study demonstrates that USP26 is essential for normal sperm morphogenesis, and hemizygous USP26 mutations can induce X-linked asthenoteratozoospermia. These findings will provide effective guidance for the genetic and reproductive counseling of infertile men with asthenoteratozoospermia.
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16
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Liu C, Liu H, Zhang H, Wang L, Li M, Cai F, Wang X, Wang L, Zhang R, Yang S, Liu W, Liang Y, Wang L, Song X, Su S, Gao H, Jiang J, Li J, Luo M, Gao F, Chen Q, Li W, Chen ZJ. Paternal USP26 mutations raise Klinefelter syndrome risk in the offspring of mice and humans. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106864. [PMID: 33978233 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current understanding holds that Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is not inherited, but arises randomly during meiosis. Whether there is any genetic basis for the origin of KS is unknown. Here, guided by our identification of some USP26 variations apparently associated with KS, we found that knockout of Usp26 in male mice resulted in the production of 41, XXY offspring. USP26 protein is localized at the XY body, and the disruption of Usp26 causes incomplete sex chromosome pairing by destabilizing TEX11. The unpaired sex chromosomes then result in XY aneuploid spermatozoa. Consistent with our mouse results, a clinical study shows that some USP26 variations increase the proportion of XY aneuploid spermatozoa in fertile men, and we identified two families with KS offspring wherein the father of the KS patient harbored a USP26-mutated haplotype, further supporting that paternal USP26 mutation can cause KS offspring production. Thus, some KS should originate from XY spermatozoa, and paternal USP26 mutations increase the risk of producing KS offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Haobo Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lina Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjing Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Feifei Cai
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ruidan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sijie Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Liying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Song
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shizhen Su
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Genome Tagging Project (GTP) Center, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- Genome Tagging Project (GTP) Center, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengcheng Luo
- Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
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17
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Basar MA, Beck DB, Werner A. Deubiquitylases in developmental ubiquitin signaling and congenital diseases. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:538-556. [PMID: 33335288 PMCID: PMC7862630 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00697-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metazoan development from a one-cell zygote to a fully formed organism requires complex cellular differentiation and communication pathways. To coordinate these processes, embryos frequently encode signaling information with the small protein modifier ubiquitin, which is typically attached to lysine residues within substrates. During ubiquitin signaling, a three-step enzymatic cascade modifies specific substrates with topologically unique ubiquitin modifications, which mediate changes in the substrate's stability, activity, localization, or interacting proteins. Ubiquitin signaling is critically regulated by deubiquitylases (DUBs), a class of ~100 human enzymes that oppose the conjugation of ubiquitin. DUBs control many essential cellular functions and various aspects of human physiology and development. Recent genetic studies have identified mutations in several DUBs that cause developmental disorders. Here we review principles controlling DUB activity and substrate recruitment that allow these enzymes to regulate ubiquitin signaling during development. We summarize key mechanisms of how DUBs control embryonic and postnatal differentiation processes, highlight developmental disorders that are caused by mutations in particular DUB members, and describe our current understanding of how these mutations disrupt development. Finally, we discuss how emerging tools from human disease genetics will enable the identification and study of novel congenital disease-causing DUBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Basar
- Stem Cell Biochemistry Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - David B Beck
- Stem Cell Biochemistry Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Achim Werner
- Stem Cell Biochemistry Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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18
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van Wijnen AJ, Bagheri L, Badreldin AA, Larson AN, Dudakovic A, Thaler R, Paradise CR, Wu Z. Biological functions of chromobox (CBX) proteins in stem cell self-renewal, lineage-commitment, cancer and development. Bone 2021; 143:115659. [PMID: 32979540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulatory proteins support mammalian development, cancer, aging and tissue repair by controlling many cellular processes including stem cell self-renewal, lineage-commitment and senescence in both skeletal and non-skeletal tissues. We review here our knowledge of epigenetic regulatory protein complexes that support the formation of inaccessible heterochromatin and suppress expression of cell and tissue-type specific biomarkers during development. Maintenance and formation of heterochromatin critically depends on epigenetic regulators that recognize histone 3 lysine trimethylation at residues K9 and K27 (respectively, H3K9me3 and H3K27me3), which represent transcriptionally suppressive epigenetic marks. Three chromobox proteins (i.e., CBX1, CBX3 or CBX5) associated with the heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) complex are methyl readers that interpret H3K9me3 marks which are mediated by H3K9 methyltransferases (i.e., SUV39H1 or SUV39H2). Other chromobox proteins (i.e., CBX2, CBX4, CBX6, CBX7 and CBX8) recognize H3K27me3, which is deposited by Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2; a complex containing SUZ12, EED, RBAP46/48 and the methyl transferases EZH1 or EZH2). This second set of CBX proteins resides in PRC1, which has many subunits including other polycomb group factors (PCGF1, PCGF2, PCGF3, PCGF4, PCGF5, PCGF6), human polyhomeotic homologs (HPH1, HPH2, HPH3) and E3-ubiquitin ligases (RING1 or RING2). The latter enzymes catalyze the subsequent mono-ubiquitination of lysine 119 in H2A (H2AK119ub). We discuss biological, cellular and molecular functions of CBX proteins and their physiological and pathological activities in non-skeletal cells and tissues in anticipation of new discoveries on novel roles for CBX proteins in bone formation and skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - Leila Bagheri
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - Amr A Badreldin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - A Noelle Larson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - Christopher R Paradise
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Zhong Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
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19
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Arabacı DH, Terzioğlu G, Bayırbaşı B, Önder TT. Going up the hill: chromatin-based barriers to epigenetic reprogramming. FEBS J 2020; 288:4798-4811. [PMID: 33190371 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The establishment and maintenance of cellular identity are crucial during development and tissue homeostasis. Epigenetic mechanisms based largely on DNA methylation and histone modifications serve to reinforce and safeguard differentiated cell states. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) or transcription factors such as Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-MYC (OSKM) can erase somatic cell identity and reprogram the cells to a pluripotent state. In doing so, reprogramming must reset the chromatin landscape, silence somatic-specific gene expression programs, and, in their place, activate the pluripotency network. In this viewpoint, we consider the major chromatin-based barriers for reprogramming of somatic cells to pluripotency. Among these, repressive chromatin modifications such as DNA methylation, H3K9 methylation, variant histone deposition, and histone deacetylation generally block the activation of pluripotency genes. In contrast, active transcription-associated chromatin marks such as DOT1L-catalyzed H3K79 methylation, FACT-mediated histone turnover, active enhancer SUMOylation, and EP300/CBP bromodomain-mediated interactions act to maintain somatic-specific gene expression programs. We highlight how genetic or chemical inhibition of both types of barriers can enhance the kinetics and/or efficiency of reprogramming. Understanding the mechanisms by which these barriers function provides insight into how chromatin marks help maintain cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tamer T Önder
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
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20
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Proteasomal degradation of polycomb-group protein CBX6 confers MMP-2 expression essential for mesothelioma invasion. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16678. [PMID: 33028834 PMCID: PMC7541533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggressive invasiveness of malignant mesothelioma limits cancer therapy, however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the invasiveness remain largely unknown. Here we found that the matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) was required for the invasion of mesothelioma cells in the collagen matrix and the gene expression of MMP-2 was correlated with the invasive phenotype. The MMP-2 gene expression was regulated by DNA and histone methylation around the transcription start site, implicating the involvement of the polycomb repressive complex (PRC). Knockdown of PRC component chromobox 6 (CBX6) promoted MMP-2 expression and invasion of mesothelioma cells. Transcriptome analysis suggested that CBX6 regulates sets of genes involved in cancer cell migration and metastasis. In invasive but not non-invasive cells, CBX6 was constantly unstable owing to ubiquitination and protein degradation. In human tissues, CBX6 localized in the nuclei of normal mesothelium and benign mesothelioma, but the nuclear staining of CBX6 was lost in malignant mesothelioma. These results suggest involvement of proteasomal degradation of CBX6 in mesothelioma progression.
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21
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Qian W, Zhu Y, Wu M, Guo Q, Wu Z, Lobie PE, Zhu T. Linc00668 Promotes Invasion and Stem Cell-Like Properties of Breast Cancer Cells by Interaction With SND1. Front Oncol 2020; 10:88. [PMID: 32117742 PMCID: PMC7033544 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are reported to be involved in breast cancer progression. Herein, we observed that the expression of Linc00668 was increased in breast cancer compared to normal tissue. The patients with high Linc00668 expression exhibited an association with a higher metastatic risk. We demonstrated that forced expression of Linc00668 enhanced, whereas depletion of Linc00668 diminished invasion and self-renewal of breast cancer cells as well as resistance to doxorubicin (Dox). Further mechanistic studies revealed that Linc00668 associated with staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing 1 (SND1) and regulated the expression of downstream genes. Linc00668 depletion led to reduced expression of the downstream target of SND1 and further attenuated the self-renewal capacity of breast cancer cells. Our observations suggest that Linc00668 promotes metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance in breast cancer by interacting with SND1. Therefore, Linc00668 may serve as a potential therapeutic modulator in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchang Qian
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Science and Medicine, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Science and Medicine, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mingming Wu
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Science and Medicine, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qianying Guo
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhengsheng Wu
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua-Berkley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Science and Medicine, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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22
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Brumbaugh J, Di Stefano B, Hochedlinger K. Reprogramming: identifying the mechanisms that safeguard cell identity. Development 2019; 146:146/23/dev182170. [PMID: 31792064 DOI: 10.1242/dev.182170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Development and homeostasis rely upon concerted regulatory pathways to establish the specialized cell types needed for tissue function. Once a cell type is specified, the processes that restrict and maintain cell fate are equally important in ensuring tissue integrity. Over the past decade, several approaches to experimentally reprogram cell fate have emerged. Importantly, efforts to improve and understand these approaches have uncovered novel molecular determinants that reinforce lineage commitment and help resist cell fate changes. In this Review, we summarize recent studies that have provided insights into the various chromatin factors, post-transcriptional processes and features of genomic organization that safeguard cell identity in the context of reprogramming to pluripotency. We also highlight how these factors function in other experimental, physiological and pathological cell fate transitions, including direct lineage conversion, pluripotency-to-totipotency reversion and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Brumbaugh
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Bruno Di Stefano
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 1350 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Konrad Hochedlinger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA .,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 1350 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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23
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Usp26 mutation in mice leads to defective spermatogenesis depending on genetic background. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13757. [PMID: 31551464 PMCID: PMC6760205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a reproductive system process that produces sperm. Ubiquitin specific peptidase 26 (USP26) is an X chromosome-linked deubiquitinase that is specifically expressed in the testes. It has long been controversial whether USP26 variants are associated with human male infertility. Thus, in the present study, we introduced a mutation into the Usp26 gene in mice and found that Usp26 mutant males backcrossed to a DBA/2 background, but not a C57BL/6 background, were sterile or subfertile and had atrophic testes. These findings indicate that the effects of the Usp26 mutation on male reproductive capacity were influenced by genetic background. Sperm in the cauda epididymis of Usp26 mutant mice backcrossed to a DBA/2 background were decreased in number and showed a malformed head morphology compared to those of wild-type mice. Additionally, histological examinations of the testes revealed that the number of round and elongated spermatids were dramatically reduced in Usp26 mutant mice. The mutant mice exhibited unsynapsed chromosomes in pachynema and defective chiasma formation in diplonema, which presumably resulted in apoptosis of metaphase spermatocytes and subsequent decrease of spermatids. Taken together, these results indicate that the deficiencies in fertility and spermatogenesis caused by mutation of Usp26 were dependent on genetic background.
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24
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Fernandes CFDL, Iglesia RP, Melo-Escobar MI, Prado MB, Lopes MH. Chaperones and Beyond as Key Players in Pluripotency Maintenance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:150. [PMID: 31428613 PMCID: PMC6688531 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotency is orchestrated by distinct players and chaperones and their partners have emerged as pivotal molecules in proteostasis control to maintain stemness. The proteostasis network consists of diverse interconnected pathways that function dynamically according to the needs of the cell to quality control and maintain protein homeostasis. The proteostasis machinery of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is finely adjusted in response to distinct stimuli during cell fate commitment to determine successful organism development. Growing evidence has shown different classes of chaperones regulating crucial cellular processes in PSCs. Histones chaperones promote proper nucleosome assembly and modulate the epigenetic regulation of factors involved in PSCs’ rapid turnover from pluripotency to differentiation. The life cycle of pluripotency proteins from synthesis and folding, transport and degradation is finely regulated by chaperones and co-factors either to maintain the stemness status or to cell fate commitment. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the chaperone network that govern stemness and present the versatile role of chaperones in stem cells resilience. Elucidation of the intricate regulation of pluripotency, dissecting in detail molecular determinants and drivers, is fundamental to understanding the properties of stem cells in order to provide a reliable foundation for biomedical research and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Felix de Lima Fernandes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Piatniczka Iglesia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Melo-Escobar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Brandão Prado
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilene Hohmuth Lopes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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25
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Li L, Zhou H, Zhu R, Liu Z. USP26 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma metastasis through stabilizing Snail. Cancer Lett 2019; 448:52-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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26
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Kim SY, Baek KH. TGF-β signaling pathway mediated by deubiquitinating enzymes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:653-665. [PMID: 30349992 PMCID: PMC11105597 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2949-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a reversible cellular process mediated by ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, whereas deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) detach the covalently conjugated ubiquitin from target substrates to counter ubiquitination. DUBs play a crucial role in regulating various signal transduction pathways and biological processes including apoptosis, cell proliferation, DNA damage repair, metastasis, differentiation, etc. Since the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway participates in various cellular functions such as inflammation, metastasis and embryogenesis, aberrant regulation of TGF-β signaling induces abnormal cellular functions resulting in numerous diseases. This review focuses on DUBs regulating the TGF-β signaling pathway. We discuss the molecular mechanisms of DUBs involved in TGF-β signaling pathway, and biological and therapeutic implications for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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27
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CBX6 is negatively regulated by EZH2 and plays a potential tumor suppressor role in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:197. [PMID: 30655550 PMCID: PMC6336801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36560-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromobox 6 (CBX6) is a subunit of Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) that mediates epigenetic gene repression and acts as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in a cancer type-dependent manner. The specific function of CBX6 in breast cancer is currently undefined. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset led to the identification of CBX6 as a consistently downregulated gene in breast cancer. We provided evidence showing enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) negatively regulated CBX6 expression in a Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2)-dependent manner. Exogenous overexpression of CBX6 inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation, and induced cell cycle arrest along with suppression of migration and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro. Microarray analyses revealed that CBX6 governs a complex gene expression program. Moreover, CBX6 induced significant downregulation of bone marrow stromal cell antigen-2 (BST2), a potential therapeutic target, via interactions with its promoter region. Our collective findings support a tumor suppressor role of CBX6 in breast cancer.
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28
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Lei H, Shan H, Wu Y. Targeting deubiquitinating enzymes in cancer stem cells. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:101. [PMID: 29142505 PMCID: PMC5670729 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are rare but accounted for tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, relapse and therapeutic resistance. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination of stemness-related proteins are essential for CSC maintenance and differentiation, even leading to execute various stem cell fate choices. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), specifically disassembling ubiquitin chains, are important to maintain the balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination. In this review, we have focused on the DUBs regulation of stem cell fate determination. For example, we discuss deubiquitinase inhibition may lead stem cell transcription factors and CSCs-related protein degradation. Also, CSCs microenvironment is regulated by DUBs activity. Our review provides a new insight into DUBs activity by emphasizing their cellular role in regulating stem cell fate and illustrates the opportunities for the application of DUBs inhibitors in the CSC-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Lei
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Huizhuang Shan
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Yingli Wu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
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