1
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Chang Lee V, Yue L, Gaarde MB, Chan YH, Qiu DY. Many-body enhancement of high-harmonic generation in monolayer MoS 2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6228. [PMID: 39043647 PMCID: PMC11266681 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Many-body effects play an important role in enhancing and modifying optical absorption and other excited-state properties of solids in the perturbative regime, but their role in high harmonic generation (HHG) and other nonlinear response beyond the perturbative regime is not well-understood. We develop here an ab initio many-body method to study nonperturbative HHG based on the real-time propagation of the non-equilibrium Green's function with the GW self energy. We calculate the HHG of monolayer MoS2 and obtain good agreement with experiment, including the reproduction of characteristic patterns of monotonic and nonmonotonic harmonic yield in the parallel and perpendicular responses, respectively. Here, we show that many-body effects are especially important to accurately reproduce the spectral features in the perpendicular response, which reflect a complex interplay of electron-hole interactions (or exciton effects) in tandem with the many-body renormalization and Berry curvature of the independent quasiparticle bandstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Chang Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Energy Science Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lun Yue
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Mette B Gaarde
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Yang-Hao Chan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Physics Division, National Center of Theoretical Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Diana Y Qiu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Energy Science Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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2
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Neufeld O, Tancogne-Dejean N, Rubio A. Benchmarking Functionals for Strong-Field Light-Matter Interactions in Adiabatic Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:7254-7264. [PMID: 38976844 PMCID: PMC11261632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) has been extensively employed for highly nonlinear optics in molecules and solids, including high harmonic generation (HHG), photoemission, and more. TDDFT exhibits a relatively low numerical cost while still describing both light-matter and electron-electron interactions ab initio, making it highly appealing. However, the majority of implementations of the theory utilize the simplest possible approximations for the exchange-correlation (XC) functional-either the local density or generalized gradient approximations, which are traditionally considered to have rather poor chemical accuracy. We present the first systematic study of the XC functional effect on molecular HHG, testing various levels of theory. Our numerical results suggest justification for using simpler approximations for the XC functional, showing that hybrid and meta functionals (as well as Hartree-Fock) can, at times, lead to poor and unphysical results. The specific source of the failure in more elaborate functionals should be topic of future work, but we hypothesize that its origin might be connected to the adiabatic approximation of TDDFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Neufeld
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Nicolas Tancogne-Dejean
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Center
for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), The Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, United States
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3
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Qiao Y, Chen J, Li Z, Liu Y, Jiang S, Liu W, Yang Y, Chen J. Analysis on the minimum structure of harmonic spectra from MgO crystals. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:3986-3989. [PMID: 39008756 DOI: 10.1364/ol.531904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Recent theoretical and experimental findings have demonstrated the minimum characteristic in the harmonic spectrum of bulk MgO crystals subjected to intense laser pulses. However, the dominant mechanism behind this minimum structure is still under debate. This study simulates the harmonic spectrum from a MgO crystal in a linearly polarized laser pulse by solving multi-band semiconductor Bloch equations. The results show that the minimum feature at 20 eV in the MgO harmonic spectra from 1700 and 800 nm laser pulses is due to band dispersion and interference between interband harmonics. Notably, the disappearance of the minimum structure at 14 eV in the harmonic spectrum from the 800 nm laser is attributed to the intensity suppression of higher energy harmonics, caused by decreased electron population at the boundary of the first Brillouin zone in the multi-band case. These findings offer insights into the spectral structure of solid-state harmonics, contributing to the all-optical reconstruction of the crystal band based on its harmonic spectrum.
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4
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van Essen PJ, Nie Z, de Keijzer B, Kraus PM. Toward Complete All-Optical Intensity Modulation of High-Harmonic Generation from Solids. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:1832-1843. [PMID: 38766500 PMCID: PMC11100285 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Optical modulation of high-harmonics generation in solids enables the detection of material properties, such as the band structure, and promising new applications, such as super-resolution imaging in semiconductors. Various recent studies have shown optical modulation of high-harmonics generation in solids, in particular, suppression of high-harmonics generation has been observed by synchronized or delayed multipulse sequences. Here we provide an overview of the underlying mechanisms attributed to this suppression and provide a perspective on the challenges and opportunities regarding these mechanisms. All-optical control of high-harmonic generation allows for femtosecond, and in the future possibly subfemtosecond, switching, which has numerous possible applications: These range from super-resolution microscopy to nanoscale controlled chemistry and highly tunable nonlinear light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter J. van Essen
- Advanced
Research Center for Nanolithography, Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zhonghui Nie
- Advanced
Research Center for Nanolithography, Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brian de Keijzer
- Advanced
Research Center for Nanolithography, Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M. Kraus
- Advanced
Research Center for Nanolithography, Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Hirori H, Sato SA, Kanemitsu Y. High-Order Harmonic Generation in Solids: The Role of Intraband Transitions in Extreme Nonlinear Optics. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2184-2192. [PMID: 38373145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
High-order harmonic generation (HHG) in gases is frequently used nowadays to produce attosecond pulses and coherent radiation in the visible-to-soft X-ray spectral range. HHG in solids is a natural extension of the idea of HHG in gases, and its first observation about ten years ago opened the door to investigations on attosecond electron dynamics in solids and the development of solid-state attosecond light sources. The common process in both types of HHG is nonlinear photocarrier generation, and thus, transitions between different bands (interband transitions) are always important for HHG. As well, in the case of solids, the transitions within a band (intraband transitions) also need to be considered, because efficient carrier acceleration is possible due to them. This Perspective focuses on experimental findings that show how intraband transitions can be controlled because such an understanding will be essential in the development of unique optoelectronics that can operate at petahertz frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Hirori
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shunsuke A Sato
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yoshihiko Kanemitsu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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6
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Kim Y, Kim MJ, Cha S, Choi S, Kim CJ, Kim BJ, Jo MH, Kim J, Lee J. Dephasing Dynamics Accessed by High Harmonic Generation: Determination of Electron-Hole Decoherence of Dirac Fermions. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1277-1283. [PMID: 38232182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
We reveal the critical effect of ultrashort dephasing on the polarization of high harmonic generation in Dirac fermions. As the elliptically polarized laser pulse falls in or slightly beyond the multiphoton regime, the elliptically polarized high harmonic generation is produced and exhibits a characteristic polarimetry of the polarization ellipse, which is found to depend on the decoherence time T2. T2 could then be determined to be a few femtoseconds directly from the experimentally observed polarimetry of high harmonics. This shows a sharp contrast with the semimetal regime of higher pump intensity, where the polarimetry is irrelevant to T2. An access to the dephasing dynamics would extend the prospect of high harmonic generation into the metrology of a femtosecond dynamic process in the coherent quantum control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjae Kim
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- School of Physics, KIAS, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Center for Epitaxial van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonyoung Cha
- Center for Epitaxial van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinyoung Choi
- Center for Epitaxial van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Joo Kim
- Center for Epitaxial van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - B J Kim
- Department of Physics, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Ho Jo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Center for Epitaxial van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwan Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Center for Epitaxial van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeDong Lee
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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7
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Parks AM, Moloney JV, Brabec T. Gauge Invariant Formulation of the Semiconductor Bloch Equations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:236902. [PMID: 38134772 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.236902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
We derive gauge invariant semiconductor Bloch equations (GI-SBEs) that contain only gauge invariant band structure; shift vectors, and triple phase products. The validity and utility of the GI-SBEs is demonstrated in intense laser driven solids with broken inversion symmetry and nontrivial topology. The GI-SBEs present a useful platform for modeling and interpreting light-matter interactions in solids, in which the gauge freedom of the Bloch basis functions obscures physics and creates numerical obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Parks
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - J V Moloney
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - T Brabec
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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8
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Song X, Yang S, Wang G, Lin J, Wang L, Meier T, Yang W. Control of the electron dynamics in solid-state high harmonic generation on ultrafast time scales by a polarization-skewed laser pulse. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:18862-18870. [PMID: 37381316 DOI: 10.1364/oe.491418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Since high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from atoms depends sensitively on the polarization of the driving laser field, the polarization gating (PG) technique was developed and applied successfully to generate isolated attosecond pulses from atomic gases. The situation is, however, different in solid-state systems as it has been demonstrated that due to collisions with neighboring atomic cores of the crystal lattice strong HHG can be generated even by elliptically- and circularly-polarized laser fields. Here we apply PG to solid-state systems and find that the conventional PG technique is inefficient for the generation of isolated ultrashort harmonic pulse bursts. In contrast, we demonstrate that a polarization-skewed laser pulse is able to confine the harmonic emission to a time window of less than one-tenth of the laser cycle. This method provides a novel way to control HHG and to generate isolated attosecond pulses in solids.
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9
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Review on the Reconstruction of Transition Dipole Moments by Solid Harmonic Spectrum. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14122646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the process of intense laser–matter interactions, the transition dipole moment is a basic physical quantity at the core, which is directly related to the internal structure of the solid and dominates the optical properties of the solid in the intense laser field. Therefore, the reconstruction of the transition dipole moment between solid energy bands is extremely important for clarifying the ultrafast dynamics of carriers in the strong and ultrashort laser pulse. In this review, we introduce recent works of reconstructing transition dipole moment in a solid, and the advantages and drawbacks of different works are discussed.
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10
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Murakami Y, Uchida K, Koga A, Tanaka K, Werner P. Anomalous Temperature Dependence of High-Harmonic Generation in Mott Insulators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:157401. [PMID: 36269969 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.157401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We reveal the crucial effect of strong spin-charge coupling on high-harmonic generation (HHG) in Mott insulators. In a system with antiferromagnetic correlations, the HHG signal is drastically enhanced with decreasing temperature, even though the gap increases and the production of charge carriers is suppressed. This anomalous behavior, which has also been observed in recent HHG experiments on Ca_{2}RuO_{4}, originates from a cooperative effect between the spin-charge coupling and the thermal ensemble, as well as the strongly temperature-dependent coherence between charge carriers. We argue that the peculiar temperature dependence of HHG is a generic feature of Mott insulators, which can be controlled via the Coulomb interaction and dimensionality of the system. Our results demonstrate that correlations between different degrees of freedom, which are a characteristic feature of strongly correlated solids, have significant and nontrivial effects on nonlinear optical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Murakami
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kento Uchida
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akihisa Koga
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Philipp Werner
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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11
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Neufeld O, Nourbakhsh Z, Tancogne-Dejean N, Rubio A. Ab Initio Cluster Approach for High Harmonic Generation in Liquids. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:4117-4126. [PMID: 35699241 PMCID: PMC9281394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High harmonic generation (HHG) takes place in all phases of matter. In gaseous atomic and molecular media, it has been extensively studied and is very well understood. In solids, research is ongoing, but a consensus is forming for the dominant microscopic HHG mechanisms. In liquids, on the other hand, no established theory yet exists, and approaches developed for gases and solids are generally inapplicable, hindering our current understanding. We develop here a powerful and reliable ab initio cluster-based approach for describing the nonlinear interactions between isotropic bulk liquids and intense laser pulses. The scheme is based on time-dependent density functional theory and utilizes several approximations that make it feasible yet accurate in realistic systems. We demonstrate our approach with HHG calculations in water, ammonia, and methane liquids and compare the characteristic response of polar and nonpolar liquids. We identify unique features in the HHG spectra of liquid methane that could be utilized for ultrafast spectroscopy of its chemical and physical properties, including a structural minimum at 15-17 eV that is associated solely with the liquid phase. Our results pave the way to accessible calculations of HHG in liquids and illustrate the unique nonlinear nature of liquid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Neufeld
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Zahra Nourbakhsh
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Nicolas Tancogne-Dejean
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Center
for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), The Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, United States
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12
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Li F, Li N, Liu P, Wang Z. High-order harmonic generation from the interference of intra-cycle trajectories in the k-space. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:10280-10292. [PMID: 35472999 DOI: 10.1364/oe.452019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Considering the crystal momenta of the entire k-space, we demonstrate that constructive intra-cycle interference of electrons enhances the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) of a GaN crystal from dominant interband Bloch oscillations. This results in a higher plateau of the HHG spectrum at a driven yield strength below the Bloch field strength. This phenomenon is confirmed in both the two-band and three-band models. Using two-color laser fields, the constructive or destructive interference of interband Bloch oscillations can be tuned. Our findings reveal the essential impact of intra-cycle interference in the full k-space on the HHG in solids.
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13
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Qiao Y, Huo YQ, Jiang SC, Yang YJ, Chen JG. All-optical reconstruction of three-band transition dipole moments by the crystal harmonic spectrum from a two-color laser pulse. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:9971-9982. [PMID: 35299410 DOI: 10.1364/oe.446432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
When a bulk solid is irradiated by an intense laser pulse, transition dipole moments (TDMs) between different energy bands have an important influence on the ultra-fast dynamic process. In this paper, we propose a new all-optical method to reconstruct the k-dependent TDMs between multi-bands using a crystal high-order harmonic generation (HHG). Taking advantage of an obvious separation of bandgaps between three energy bands of an MgO crystal along the <001 > direction, a continuous harmonic spectrum with two plateaus can be generated by a two-color laser pulse. Furthermore, the first harmonic platform is mainly dominated by the polarization between the first conduction band and the valence band, and the second one is largely attributed to the interband HHG from the second conduction band and the valence band. Therefore, the harmonic spectrum from a single quantum trajectory can be adopted to map TDMs between the first, second conduction bands, and the valence one. Our work is of great significance for understanding the instantaneous properties of solid materials in the strong laser field, and will strongly promote the development of the HHG detection technology.
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14
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Kong XS, Liang H, Wu XY, Geng L, Yu WD, Peng LY. Manipulation of the high-order harmonic generation in monolayer hexagonal boron nitride by two-color laser field. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:074701. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0076821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Effect of Interlayer Coupling and Symmetry on High-Order Harmonic Generation from Monolayer and Bilayer Hexagonal Boron Nitride. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
High-order harmonic generation (HHG) is a fundamental process which can be simplified as the production of high energetic photons from a material subjected to a strong driving laser field. This highly nonlinear optical process contains rich information concerning the electron structure and dynamics of matter, for instance, gases, solids and liquids. Moreover, the HHG from solids has recently attracted the attention of both attosecond science and condensed matter physicists, since the HHG spectra can carry information of electron-hole dynamics in bands and inter- and intra-band current dynamics. In this paper, we study the effect of interlayer coupling and symmetry in two-dimensional (2D) material by analyzing high-order harmonic generation from monolayer and two differently stacked bilayer hexagonal boron nitrides (hBNs). These simulations reveal that high-order harmonic emission patterns strongly depend on crystal inversion symmetry (IS), rotation symmetry and interlayer coupling.
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16
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Coccia E, Luppi E. Time-dependent ab initioapproaches for high-harmonic generation spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 34:073001. [PMID: 34731835 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac3608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-harmonic generation (HHG) is a nonlinear physical process used for the production of ultrashort pulses in XUV region, which are then used for investigating ultrafast phenomena in time-resolved spectroscopies. Moreover, HHG signal itself encodes information on electronic structure and dynamics of the target, possibly coupled to the nuclear degrees of freedom. Investigating HHG signal leads to HHG spectroscopy, which is applied to atoms, molecules, solids and recently also to liquids. Analysing the number of generated harmonics, their intensity and shape gives a detailed insight of, e.g., ionisation and recombination channels occurring in the strong-field dynamics. A number of valuable theoretical models has been developed over the years to explain and interpret HHG features, with the three-step model being the most known one. Originally, these models neglect the complexity of the propagating electronic wavefunction, by only using an approximated formulation of ground and continuum states. Many effects unravelled by HHG spectroscopy are instead due to electron correlation effects, quantum interference, and Rydberg-state contributions, which are all properly captured by anab initioelectronic-structure approach. In this review we have collected recent advances in modelling HHG by means ofab initiotime-dependent approaches relying on the propagation of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (or derived equations) in presence of a very intense electromagnetic field. We limit ourselves to gas-phase atomic and molecular targets, and to solids. We focus on the various levels of theory employed for describing the electronic structure of the target, coupled with strong-field dynamics and ionisation approaches, and on the basis used to represent electronic states. Selected applications and perspectives for future developments are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Coccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Eleonora Luppi
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7616, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, F-75005 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7616, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, F-75005 Paris, France
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17
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Lou Z, Zheng Y, Liu C, Zeng Z, Li R, Xu Z. Controlling of the harmonic generation induced by the Berry curvature. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:37809-37819. [PMID: 34808846 DOI: 10.1364/oe.441171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-order harmonic generation in solid state has attracted a lot of attentions. The Berry curvature (BC), a geometrical property of the Bloch energy band, plays an important role for the harmonic generation in crystal. As we all know, the influence of BC on the harmonic emission has been investigated before and BC is simplified as a 1D structure. However, many other materials including MoS2 are 2D materials. In this work, we extend the investigation for BC to 2D structure and get a generalized equation, which not only gives a new method to control the harmonic emission with BC, but also gives a deeper understanding for the influence of the BC. We show the ability to control the harmonic emission related to the BC using the orthogonal two-color (OTC) laser field. By tuning the delay of OTC laser field, one can steer the trajectory of electrons and modulate the emission of harmonics. This study can provide us a deeper insight into the role of the BC which is difficult to be measured experimentally.
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18
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Neufeld O, Tancogne-Dejean N, De Giovannini U, Hübener H, Rubio A. Light-Driven Extremely Nonlinear Bulk Photogalvanic Currents. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:126601. [PMID: 34597089 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.126601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We predict the generation of bulk photocurrents in materials driven by bichromatic fields that are circularly polarized and corotating. The nonlinear photocurrents have a fully controllable directionality and amplitude without requiring carrier-envelope-phase stabilization or few-cycle pulses, and can be generated with photon energies much smaller than the band gap (reducing heating in the photoconversion process). We demonstrate with ab initio calculations that the photocurrent generation mechanism is universal and arises in gaped materials (Si, diamond, MgO, hBN), in semimetals (graphene), and in two- and three-dimensional systems. Photocurrents are shown to rely on sub-laser-cycle asymmetries in the nonlinear response that build-up coherently from cycle to cycle as the conduction band is populated. Importantly, the photocurrents are always transverse to the major axis of the co-circular lasers regardless of the material's structure and orientation (analogously to a Hall current), which we find originates from a generalized time-reversal symmetry in the driven system. At high laser powers (∼10^{13} W/cm^{2}) this symmetry can be spontaneously broken by vast electronic excitations, which is accompanied by an onset of carrier-envelope-phase sensitivity and ultrafast many-body effects. Our results are directly applicable for efficient light-driven control of electronics, and for enhancing sub-band-gap bulk photogalvanic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Neufeld
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Nicolas Tancogne-Dejean
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Umberto De Giovannini
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011 Bilbao, Spain
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Hannes Hübener
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), The Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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19
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Sun J, Lee CW, Kononov A, Schleife A, Ullrich CA. Real-Time Exciton Dynamics with Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:077401. [PMID: 34459649 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.077401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Linear-response time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) can describe excitonic features in the optical spectra of insulators and semiconductors, using exchange-correlation (xc) kernels behaving as -1/k^{2} to leading order. We show how excitons can be modeled in real-time TDDFT, using an xc vector potential constructed from approximate, long-range corrected xc kernels. We demonstrate, for various materials, that this real-time approach is consistent with frequency-dependent linear response, gives access to femtosecond exciton dynamics following short-pulse excitations, and can be extended with some caution into the nonlinear regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyu Sun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cheng-Wei Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Alina Kononov
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - André Schleife
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Carsten A Ullrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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20
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Li L, Zhang Y, Lan P, Huang T, Zhu X, Zhai C, Yang K, He L, Zhang Q, Cao W, Lu P. Dynamic Core Polarization in High Harmonic Generation from Solids: The Example of MgO Crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:187401. [PMID: 34018768 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.187401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Previously, the strong field processes in solids have always been explained by the single-active-electron (SAE) model with a frozen core excluding the fluctuation of background electrons. In this work, we demonstrate the strong field induced dynamic core polarization effect and propose a model for revealing its role in high harmonic generation (HHG) from solids. We show that the polarized core induces an additional polarization current beyond the SAE model based on the frozen cores. It gives a new mechanism for HHG and leads to new anisotropic structures, which are experimentally observed with MgO. Our experiments indicate that the influences of dynamic core polarization on HHG are obvious for both linearly and elliptically polarized laser fields. Our work establishes the bridge between the HHG and the dynamic changes of the effective many-electron interaction in solids, which paves the way to probe the ultrafast electron dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yinfu Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Pengfei Lan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tengfei Huang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaosong Zhu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chunyang Zhai
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lixin He
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qingbin Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Peixiang Lu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China
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21
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Williams JR, Tancogne-Dejean N, Ullrich CA. Time-Resolved Exciton Wave Functions from Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:1795-1805. [PMID: 33577734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) is a computationally efficient first-principles approach for calculating optical spectra in insulators and semiconductors including excitonic effects. We show how exciton wave functions can be obtained from TDDFT via the Kohn-Sham transition density matrix, both in the frequency-dependent linear-response regime and in real-time propagation. The method is illustrated using one-dimensional model solids. In particular, we show that our approach provides insight into the formation and dissociation of excitons in real time. This opens the door to time-resolved studies of exciton dynamics in materials by means of real-time TDDFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared R Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | | | - Carsten A Ullrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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22
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Xie D, Zhang H, Yin Y, Wang J, Yu TP. Tunable elliptically polarized Hermite-Gaussian terahertz radiation driven by two-color twisted laser pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:33784-33794. [PMID: 33115037 DOI: 10.1364/oe.410906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme for tunable elliptically polarized terahertz (THz) radiation by two-color linearly polarized Laguerre-Gaussian lasers irradiating gas plasmas. Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that the field strength of THz radiation can achieve MV/cm-scale, and the radiation frequency is determined by the plasma frequency and the electron cyclotron frequency. The emitted THz radiation is Hermite-Gaussian (HG) with a broadband waveform which can be attributed to the axial magnetic fields induced by the twisted drive pulses. Meanwhile, the ellipticity of the emitted THz wave can be effectively tuned by changing the laser intensities and the extra relative phase of the two driving lasers. Thus our scheme provides an efficient and practical approach to acquire tunable HG THz radiation with elliptical polarization, which may own some novel and unique application prospects in various areas.
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23
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Gorlach A, Neufeld O, Rivera N, Cohen O, Kaminer I. The quantum-optical nature of high harmonic generation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4598. [PMID: 32929065 PMCID: PMC7490274 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18218-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
High harmonic generation (HHG) is an extremely nonlinear effect generating coherent broadband radiation and pulse durations reaching attosecond timescales. Conventional models of HHG that treat the driving and emitted fields classically are usually very successful but inherently cannot capture the quantum-optical nature of the process. Although prior work considered quantum HHG, it remains unknown in what conditions the spectral and statistical properties of the radiation depart considerably from the known phenomenology of HHG. The discovery of such conditions could lead to novel sources of attosecond light having squeezing and entanglement. Here, we present a fully-quantum theory of extreme nonlinear optics, predicting quantum effects that alter both the spectrum and photon statistics of HHG, thus departing from all previous approaches. We predict the emission of shifted frequency combs and identify spectral features arising from the breakdown of the dipole approximation for the emission. Our results show that each frequency component of HHG can be bunched and squeezed and that each emitted photon is a superposition of all frequencies in the spectrum, i.e., each photon is a comb. Our general approach is applicable to a wide range of nonlinear optical processes, paving the way towards novel quantum phenomena in extreme nonlinear optics. Conventional models of high harmonic generation typically do not provide a full quantum description of all phenomena. Here, the authors develop a fully quantum theory for high harmonic generation and use it to study the emission from a quantum system in a strong field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Gorlach
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofer Neufeld
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nicholas Rivera
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Oren Cohen
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ido Kaminer
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.
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24
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Yue L, Gaarde MB. Imperfect Recollisions in High-Harmonic Generation in Solids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:153204. [PMID: 32357041 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.153204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate high-harmonic generation in hexagonal boron nitride with linearly polarized laser pulses. We show that imperfect recollisions between electron-hole pairs in the crystal give rise to an electron-hole-pair polarization energy that leads to a double-peak structure in the subcycle emission profiles. An extended recollision model (ERM) is developed that allows for such imperfect recollisions, as well as effects related to Berry connections, Berry curvatures, and transition-dipole phases. The ERM illuminates the distinct spectrotemporal characteristics of harmonics emitted parallel and perpendicularly to the laser polarization direction. Imperfect recollisions are a general phenomenon and a manifestation of the spatially delocalized nature of the real-space wave packet; they arise naturally in systems with large Berry curvatures, or in any system driven by elliptically polarized light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Yue
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-4001, USA
| | - Mette B Gaarde
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-4001, USA
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25
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Chen ZY, Qin R. Strong-field nonlinear optical properties of monolayer black phosphorus. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:16377-16383. [PMID: 31436277 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04895b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Within the past few years, atomically thin black phosphorus (BP) has been demonstrated as a fascinating new 2D material that is promising for novel nanoelectronic and nanophotonic applications, due to its many unique properties such as a direct and widely tunable bandgap, high carrier mobility and remarkable intrinsic in-plane anisotropy. However, its important extreme nonlinear behavior and the ultrafast dynamics of carriers under strong-field excitation have yet to be revealed. Herein, we report nonperturbative high harmonic generation (HHG) in monolayer BP by first-principles simulations. We show that BP exhibits extraordinary HHG properties, with clear advantages over three major types of 2D materials under intensive study, i.e., semimetallic graphene, semiconducting MoS2, and insulating hexagonal boron nitride, in terms of HHG cutoff energy and spectral intensity. This study advances the scope of current research activities on BP into a new regime, suggesting its promising future in the applications of extreme-ultraviolet and attosecond nanophotonics and also opening doors to investigate the strong-field and ultrafast carrier dynamics of this emerging material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China.
| | - Rui Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China.
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26
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Li L, Lan P, Zhu X, Huang T, Zhang Q, Lein M, Lu P. Reciprocal-Space-Trajectory Perspective on High-Harmonic Generation in Solids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:193901. [PMID: 31144916 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.193901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We revisit the mechanism of high-harmonic generation (HHG) from solids by comparing HHG in laser fields with different ellipticities but a constant maximum amplitude. It is shown that the cutoff of HHG is strongly extended in a circularly polarized field. Moreover, the harmonic yield with large ellipticity is comparable to or even higher than that in the linearly polarized field. To understand the underlying physics, we develop a reciprocal-space-trajectory method, which explains HHG in solids by a trajectory ensemble from different ionization times and different initial states in the reciprocal space. We show that the cutoff extension is related to an additional preacceleration step prior to ionization, which has been overlooked in solids. By analyzing the trajectories and the time-frequency spectrogram, we show that the HHG in solids cannot be interpreted in terms of the classical recollision picture alone. Instead, the radiation should be described by the electron-hole interband polarization, which leads to the unusual ellipticity dependence. We propose a new four-step model to understand the mechanism of HHG in solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Pengfei Lan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaosong Zhu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tengfei Huang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qingbin Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Manfred Lein
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Peixiang Lu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
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27
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Interference-Induced Phenomena in High-Order Harmonic Generation from Bulk Solids. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9081572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We consider a quantum mechanical model for the high-order harmonic generation in bulk solids. The bandgap is assumed to be considerably larger than the exciting photon energy. Using dipole approximation, the dynamical equations for different initial Bloch states are decoupled in the velocity gauge. Although there is no quantum mechanical interference between the time evolution of different initial states, the complete harmonic radiation results from the interference of fields emitted by all the initial (valence band) states. In particular, the suppression of the even-order harmonics can also be viewed as a consequence of this interference. The number of the observable harmonics (essentially the cutoff) is also determined by interference phenomena.
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28
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Klemke N, Tancogne-Dejean N, Rossi GM, Yang Y, Scheiba F, Mainz RE, Di Sciacca G, Rubio A, Kärtner FX, Mücke OD. Polarization-state-resolved high-harmonic spectroscopy of solids. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1319. [PMID: 30899026 PMCID: PMC6428929 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Attosecond metrology sensitive to sub-optical-cycle electronic and structural dynamics is opening up new avenues for ultrafast spectroscopy of condensed matter. Using intense lightwaves to precisely control the fast carrier dynamics in crystals holds great promise for next-generation petahertz electronics and devices. The carrier dynamics can produce high-order harmonics of the driving field extending up into the extreme-ultraviolet region. Here, we introduce polarization-state-resolved high-harmonic spectroscopy of solids, which provides deeper insights into both electronic and structural sub-cycle dynamics. Performing high-harmonic generation measurements from silicon and quartz, we demonstrate that the polarization states of the harmonics are not only determined by crystal symmetries, but can be dynamically controlled, as a consequence of the intertwined interband and intraband electronic dynamics. We exploit this symmetry-dynamics duality to efficiently generate coherent circularly polarized harmonics from elliptically polarized pulses. Our experimental results are supported by ab-initio simulations, providing evidence for the microscopic origin of the phenomenon. High-harmonic generation in solids is related to the carrier dynamics and can be used to probe dynamic processes. Here, Klemke et al. show that the polarization states of high harmonics generated from silicon and quartz are determined by the crystal symmetries but can also be dynamically controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Klemke
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Physics Department, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Tancogne-Dejean
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany. .,Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - G M Rossi
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Physics Department, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Y Yang
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Physics Department, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Scheiba
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Physics Department, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R E Mainz
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Physics Department, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Di Sciacca
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Rubio
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany. .,Physics Department, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany. .,Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany. .,The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany. .,Center for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), The Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - F X Kärtner
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Physics Department, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - O D Mücke
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany. .,The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
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29
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Chen ZY, Qin R. Circularly polarized extreme ultraviolet high harmonic generation in graphene. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:3761-3770. [PMID: 30732390 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.003761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Circularly polarized extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation is highly interesting for investigation of chirality-sensitive light-matter interactions. Recent breakthroughs have enabled the generation of such light sources via high harmonic generation (HHG) from rare gases. There is a growing interest in extending HHG medium from gases to solids, especially to 2D materials, as they hold great promise to develop ultra-compact solid-state photonic devices and provide insights into electronic properties of the materials themselves. However, so far reported, HHG in graphene driven by terahertz to mid-infrared fields generates only low harmonic orders, and no harmonics driven by circularly polarized lasers have been reported. Here, using first-principles simulations within a time-dependent density-functional theory framework, we show that it is possible to generate HHG extending to the XUV spectral region in monolayer extended graphene excited by near-infrared lasers. Moreover, we demonstrate that a single circularly polarized driver is enough to ensure HHG in graphene with circular polarization. The corresponding spectra reflect the six-fold rotational symmetry of the graphene crystal. Extending HHG in graphene to the XUV spectral regime and realizing circular polarization represent an important step toward the development of novel nanoscale attosecond photonic devices and numerous applications, such as spectroscopic investigation and nanoscale imaging of ultrafast chiral and spin dynamics in graphene and other 2D materials.
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30
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You YS, Lu J, Cunningham EF, Roedel C, Ghimire S. Crystal orientation-dependent polarization state of high-order harmonics. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:530-533. [PMID: 30702671 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the crystal orientation-dependent polarization state of extreme ultraviolet high-order harmonics from bulk magnesium oxide crystals subjected to intense linearly polarized laser fields. We find that only along high-symmetry directions do high-order harmonics follow the polarization direction of the laser field. In general, there are strong deviations that depend on harmonic order, strength of the laser field, and crystal orientation. We use a real-space electron trajectory picture to understand the origin of polarization deviations. These results have implications in all-optical probing of electronic band structure in momentum space and valence charge distributions in real space, and in producing attosecond pulses with time-dependent polarization in compact setups.
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31
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Klemke N, Tancogne-Dejean N, Rossi GM, Yang Y, Mainz RE, Di Sciacca G, Rubio A, Kärtner FX, Mücke OD. Polarization states of high-harmonics generated in silicon from elliptical drivers. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201920502022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The polarization states of high-harmonics generated in silicon with elliptical excitation are studies. Circularly polarized harmonics are demonstrated with both circular and non-circular excitation, determined by crystal symmetry and the dynamical response of the system.
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32
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Qin R, Chen ZY. Strain-controlled high harmonic generation with Dirac fermions in silicene. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:22593-22600. [PMID: 30480691 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07572g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials with zero band gap exhibit remarkable electronic properties with wide tunability. High harmonic generation (HHG) in such materials offers unique platforms to develop novel optoelectronic devices at the nanoscale, as well as to investigate strong-field and ultrafast nonlinear behaviour of massless Dirac fermions. However, control of HHG by modulating the electronic structures of materials has remained largely unexplored to date. Here we report controllable HHG by tuning the electronic structures via mechanical engineering. Using an ab initio approach based on time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT), we show that the HHG process is sensitive to the modulation of band structures of monolayer silicene while preserving the Dirac cones under biaxial and uniaxial strains, which can lead to significant enhancement of harmonic intensity up to an order of magnitude. With the additional advantage of silicene in compatibility and integration into the current silicon-based electronic industry, this study may open a new avenue to develop efficient solid-state optoelectronic nano-devices, and provide a valuable tool to understand the strong-field and mechanically induced ultrafast nonlinear response of Dirac carriers in 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China.
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Jia GR, Wang XQ, Du TY, Huang XH, Bian XB. High-order harmonic generation from 2D periodic potentials in circularly and bichromatic circularly polarized laser fields. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:154304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5051598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Rui Jia
- College of Physics and Materials Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xin-Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao-Yuan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiao-Huan Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Xue-Bin Bian
- College of Physics and Materials Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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Li L, Lan P, Liu X, He L, Zhu X, Mücke OD, Lu P. Method for direct observation of Bloch oscillations in semiconductors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:23844-23853. [PMID: 30184880 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.023844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme for real-time observations of Bloch oscillations in semiconductors using time-resolved band gap emission spectroscopy. By solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, we find one remarkable band gap emission besides the normal high harmonics generated in the interaction of a mid-infrared laser pulse and a semiconductor. It is shown that the band gap emission yield is directly connected to the population in the conduction band (CB). By adopting a pump-probe scheme, the time-dependent population in the CB, that is the dynamical Bloch oscillation, can be probed by measuring the band gap emission signal versus pump-probe delay. We also present a model based on accelerated Bloch states to explain the time-resolved measurement of dynamical Bloch oscillation.
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Tancogne-Dejean N, Sentef MA, Rubio A. Ultrafast Modification of Hubbard U in a Strongly Correlated Material: Ab initio High-Harmonic Generation in NiO. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:097402. [PMID: 30230880 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.097402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Engineering effective electronic parameters is a major focus in condensed matter physics. Their dynamical modulation opens the possibility of creating and controlling physical properties in systems driven out of equilibrium. In this Letter, we demonstrate that the Hubbard U, the widely used on-site Coulomb repulsion in strongly correlated materials, can be modified on femtosecond timescales by a strong nonresonant laser pulse excitation in the prototypical charge-transfer insulator NiO. Using our recently developed time-dependent density-functional theory plus self-consistent U method, we demonstrate the importance of a dynamically modulated U in the description of the high-harmonic generation of NiO. Our study opens the door to novel ways of modifying effective interactions in strongly correlated materials via laser driving, which may lead to new control paradigms for field-induced phase transitions and perhaps laser-induced Mott insulation in charge-transfer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Tancogne-Dejean
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael A Sentef
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and ETSF, Universidad del País Vasco, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), The Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, USA
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Murakami Y, Eckstein M, Werner P. High-Harmonic Generation in Mott Insulators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:057405. [PMID: 30118308 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.057405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Using Floquet dynamical mean-field theory, we study the high-harmonic generation in the time-periodic steady states of wide-gap Mott insulators under ac driving. In the strong-field regime, the harmonic intensity exhibits multiple plateaus, whose cutoff energies ε_{cut}=U+mE_{0} scale with the Coulomb interaction U and the maximum field strength E_{0}. In this regime, the created doublons and holons are localized because of the strong field and the mth plateau originates from the recombination of mth nearest-neighbor doublon-holon pairs. In the weak-field regime, there is only a single plateau in the intensity, which originates from the recombination of itinerant doublons and holons. Here, ε_{cut}=Δ_{gap}+αE_{0}, with Δ_{gap} the band gap and α>1. We demonstrate that the Mott insulator shows a stronger high-harmonic intensity than a semiconductor model with the same dispersion as the Mott insulator, even if the semiconductor bands are broadened by impurity scattering to mimic the incoherent scattering in the Mott insulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Murakami
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Martin Eckstein
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Werner
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Zhang GP, Si MS, Murakami M, Bai YH, George TF. Generating high-order optical and spin harmonics from ferromagnetic monolayers. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3031. [PMID: 30072711 PMCID: PMC6072758 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05535-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
High-order harmonic generation (HHG) in solids has entered a new phase of intensive research, with envisioned band-structure mapping on an ultrashort time scale. This partly benefits from a flurry of new HHG materials discovered, but so far has missed an important group. HHG in magnetic materials should have profound impact on future magnetic storage technology advances. Here we introduce and demonstrate HHG in ferromagnetic monolayers. We find that HHG carries spin information and sensitively depends on the relativistic spin-orbit coupling; and if they are dispersed into the crystal momentum k space, harmonics originating from real transitions can be k-resolved and carry the band structure information. Geometrically, the HHG signal is sensitive to spatial orientations of monolayers. Different from the optical counterpart, the spin HHG, though probably weak, only appears at even orders, a consequence of SU(2) symmetry. Our findings open an unexplored frontier-magneto-high-order harmonic generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Zhang
- Department of Physics, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, 47809, USA.
| | - M S Si
- Key Lab for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - M Murakami
- Department of Physics, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, 47809, USA
| | - Y H Bai
- Office of Information Technology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, 47809, USA
| | - Thomas F George
- Office of the Chancellor Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Physics & Astronomy University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
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Kaneshima K, Shinohara Y, Takeuchi K, Ishii N, Imasaka K, Kaji T, Ashihara S, Ishikawa KL, Itatani J. Polarization-Resolved Study of High Harmonics from Bulk Semiconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:243903. [PMID: 29957005 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.243903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The polarization property of high harmonics from gallium selenide is investigated using linearly polarized midinfrared laser pulses. With a high electric field, the perpendicular polarization component of the odd harmonics emerges, which is not present with a low electric field and cannot be explained by the perturbative nonlinear optics. A two-dimensional single-band model is developed to show that the anisotropic curvature of an energy band of solids, which is pronounced in an outer part of the Brillouin zone, induces the generation of the perpendicular odd harmonics. This model is validated by three-dimensional quantum mechanical simulations, which reproduce the orientation dependence of the odd-order harmonics. The quantum mechanical simulations also reveal that the odd- and even-order harmonics are produced predominantly by the intraband current and interband polarization, respectively. These experimental and theoretical demonstrations clearly show a strong link between the band structure of a solid and the polarization property of the odd-order harmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kaneshima
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shinohara
- Photon Science Center, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kengo Takeuchi
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Ishii
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Kotaro Imasaka
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kaji
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ashihara
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Kenichi L Ishikawa
- Photon Science Center, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jiro Itatani
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
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Shirai H, Kumaki F, Nomura Y, Fuji T. High-harmonic generation in solids driven by subcycle midinfrared pulses from two-color filamentation. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:2094-2097. [PMID: 29714754 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.002094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carrier-envelope-phase (CEP) controlled subcycle midinfrared pulses generated through two-color filamentation have been applied for high-harmonic (HH) generation in a crystalline silicon (Si) membrane. The HH spectrum reaches the ultraviolet region (<300 nm), beyond the direct band gap of Si. The shape of the HH spectrum strongly depends on the CEP. The complex CEP dependence can be explained with the interference between different orders of the harmonics. The complete waveform characterization of the subcycle driver pulse using frequency-resolved optical gating capable of CEP determination plays a crucial role for investigation of the subcycle dynamics.
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Bauer D, Hansen KK. High-Harmonic Generation in Solids with and without Topological Edge States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:177401. [PMID: 29756832 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.177401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High-harmonic generation in the two topological phases of a finite, one-dimensional, periodic structure is investigated using a self-consistent time-dependent density functional theory approach. For harmonic photon energies smaller than the band gap, the harmonic yield is found to differ by up to 14 orders of magnitude for the two topological phases. This giant topological effect is explained by the degree of destructive interference in the harmonic emission of all valence-band (and edge-state) electrons, which strongly depends on whether or not topological edge states are present. The combination of strong-field laser physics with topological condensed matter opens up new possibilities to electronically control strong-field-based light or particle sources or-conversely-to steer by all optical means topological electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Bauer
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Kenneth K Hansen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Denmark
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Tancogne-Dejean N, Rubio A. Atomic-like high-harmonic generation from two-dimensional materials. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaao5207. [PMID: 29487903 PMCID: PMC5817927 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao5207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The generation of high-order harmonics from atomic and molecular gases enables the production of high-energy photons and ultrashort isolated pulses. Obtaining efficiently similar photon energy from solid-state systems could lead, for instance, to more compact extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray sources. We demonstrate from ab initio simulations that it is possible to generate high-order harmonics from free-standing monolayer materials, with an energy cutoff similar to that of atomic and molecular gases. In the limit in which electrons are driven by the pump laser perpendicularly to the monolayer, they behave qualitatively the same as the electrons responsible for high-harmonic generation (HHG) in atoms, where their trajectories are described by the widely used semiclassical model, and exhibit real-space trajectories similar to those of the atomic case. Despite the similarities, the first and last steps of the well-established three-step model for atomic HHG are remarkably different in the two-dimensional materials from gases. Moreover, we show that the electron-electron interaction plays an important role in harmonic generation from monolayer materials because of strong local-field effects, which modify how the material is ionized. The recombination of the accelerated electron wave packet is also found to be modified because of the infinite extension of the material in the monolayer plane, thus leading to a more favorable wavelength scaling of the harmonic yield than in atomic HHG. Our results establish a novel and efficient way of generating high-order harmonics based on a solid-state device, with an energy cutoff and a more favorable wavelength scaling of the harmonic yield similar to those of atomic and molecular gases. Two-dimensional materials offer a unique platform where both bulk and atomic HHG can be investigated, depending on the angle of incidence. Devices based on two-dimensional materials can extend the limit of existing sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Tancogne-Dejean
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
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