1
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Fisher RS, Liao J, Ahn SY, Modi N, Kidane AK, Obermeyer AC. Engineering Protein-Polyelectrolyte Interactions for Cellular Applications. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2025; 16:119-145. [PMID: 40081990 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-100722-105929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2025]
Abstract
Protein-polyelectrolyte interactions are fundamental interactions in biology that occur at every length scale, from protein-DNA complexes to phase-separated organelles. They drive processes ranging from gene transcription and DNA synthesis to viral assembly. Protein engineering is a powerful way to modulate these interactions, both to probe endogenous function and to engineer novel interactions between species. In this review, we consider the various noncovalent interactions that govern the formation and behavior of these complexes, and we discuss how protein modifications such as changes to structure, charge, and charge patterning affect them. We highlight recent examples where engineering changes to protein-polyelectrolyte interactions have helped elucidate biological function, and we then focus on recent efforts toward de novo material design of synthetic biomolecular condensates and functional nanoassemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Fisher
- Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;
| | - Jane Liao
- Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;
| | - So Yeon Ahn
- Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;
| | - Nisha Modi
- Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;
| | - Aaron K Kidane
- Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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2
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Zhang W, Liu H, Zhu B, Li W, Han X, Fu J, Luo R, Wang H, Wang J. Advances in Cytosolic Delivery of Proteins: Approaches, Challenges, and Emerging Technologies. Chem Biodivers 2025:e202401713. [PMID: 39921680 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202401713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2025] [Accepted: 02/06/2025] [Indexed: 02/10/2025]
Abstract
Although therapeutic proteins have achieved recognized clinical success, they are inherently membrane impermeable, which limits them to acting only on extracellular or membrane-associated targets. Developing an efficient protein delivery method will provide a unique opportunity for intracellular target-related therapeutic proteins. In this review article, we summarize the different pathways by which cells take up proteins. These pathways fall into two main categories: One in which proteins are transported directly across the cell membrane and the other through endocytosis. At the same time, important features to ensure successful delivery through these pathways are highlighted. We then provide a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in the transduction of covalent protein modifications, such as coupling cell-penetrating motifs and supercharging, as well as the use of nanocarriers to mediate protein transport, such as liposomes, polymers, and inorganic nanoparticles. Finally, we emphasize the existing challenges of cytoplasmic protein delivery and provide an outlook for future progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | | | - Wen Li
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xue Han
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jiaojiao Fu
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Renjie Luo
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinxia Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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3
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Lim SB, An JS, Kang D, Park HY, Mehta MJ, Choi E, Kim BS, Kim HJ. Synthesis of Amphiphilic Cationic Poly(β-amino acid) Derivatives and Their PEG Length Optimization for mRNA Transfection. Biomacromolecules 2025; 26:459-469. [PMID: 39604039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2024]
Abstract
We synthesized a series of amphiphilic cationic poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(β-amino acid) derivatives with various lengths of PEG to investigate the effects of PEG lengths on mRNA transfection. The surface charges of the polyplexes with a DPOEG ≥ 4 gradually decreased as DPOEG increased. This indicated that hydrophilic PEG with a DPOEG ≥ 4 was exposed on the surface of the polyplexes, which was further confirmed using 1H NMR. Polyplexes with a DPOEG ≤ 4 exhibited mRNA transfection efficacy similar to that of homopolymers. However, the transfection efficacy of the polyplex with a DPOEG ≥ 12 markedly decreased, mainly because of the decreased cellular uptake and stability of the polyplexes against serum albumin. This indicated that the PEG length considerably affected the delivery efficacy of IVT mRNA. Our results provide useful information for the fundamental polymer design to optimize the PEG length of amphiphilic cationic polymers for systemic IVT mRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Been Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Su An
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - DongHyun Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Yeon Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohit J Mehta
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Choi
- GenEdit, 3000 Marina Blvd., Brisbane, California 94005, United States
| | - Beob Soo Kim
- GenEdit, 3000 Marina Blvd., Brisbane, California 94005, United States
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Biohybrid Systems Research Center, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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4
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Ma X, Zhang Z, Barba-Bon A, Han D, Qi Z, Ge B, He H, Huang F, Nau WM, Wang X. A small-molecule carrier for the intracellular delivery of a membrane-impermeable protein with retained bioactivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2407515121. [PMID: 39436658 PMCID: PMC11536097 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2407515121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracellular protein delivery has the potential to revolutionize cell-biological research and medicinal therapy, with broad applications in bioimaging, disease treatment, and genome editing. Herein, we demonstrate successful delivery of a functional protein, cytochrome c (CYC), by using a boron cluster anion as molecular carrier of the superchaotropic anion type (B12Br11OPr2-). CYC was delivered into lipid bilayer vesicles as well as living cells, with a cellular uptake ratio approaching 90%. Mechanistic studies showed that CYC was internalized into cells through a permeation pathway directly into the cytoplasm, bypassing endosomal entrapment. Upon carrier-assisted internalization, CYC retained its bioactivity, as reflected by an induced cell apoptosis rate of 25% at low dose (1 µM). This study furbishes a direct protein delivery method by a molecular carrier with high efficiency, confirming the potential of inorganic cluster ions as protein transport vehicles with an extensive range of future cell-biological or biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqi Ma
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | | | - Dongxue Han
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Zichun Qi
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Baosheng Ge
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Hua He
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
| | - Werner M. Nau
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
- School of Science, Constructor University, Bremen28759, Germany
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China
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5
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Liu J, Zheng Q, Yao R, Wang M. Lung-specific supramolecular nanoparticles for efficient delivery of therapeutic proteins and genome editing nucleases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2406654121. [PMID: 39116129 PMCID: PMC11331071 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2406654121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein therapeutics play a critical role in treating a large variety of diseases, ranging from infections to genetic disorders. However, their delivery to target tissues beyond the liver, such as the lungs, remains a great challenge. Here, we report a universally applicable strategy for lung-targeted protein delivery by engineering Lung-Specific Supramolecular Nanoparticles (LSNPs). These nanoparticles are designed through the hierarchical self-assembly of metal-organic polyhedra (MOP), featuring a customized surface chemistry that enables protein encapsulation and specific lung affinity after intravenous administration. Our design of LSNPs not only addresses the hurdles of cell membrane impermeability of protein and nonspecific tissue distribution of protein delivery, but also shows exceptional versatility in delivering various proteins, including those vital for anti-inflammatory and CRISPR-based genome editing to the lung, and across multiple animal species, including mice, rabbits, and dogs. Notably, the delivery of antimicrobial proteins using LSNPs effectively alleviates acute bacterial pneumonia, demonstrating a significant therapeutic potential. Our strategy not only surmounts the obstacles of tissue-specific protein delivery but also paves the way for targeted treatments in genetic disorders and combating antibiotic resistance, offering a versatile solution for precision protein therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Qizhen Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Rui Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
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6
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Chan A, Tsourkas A. Intracellular Protein Delivery: Approaches, Challenges, and Clinical Applications. BME FRONTIERS 2024; 5:0035. [PMID: 38282957 PMCID: PMC10809898 DOI: 10.34133/bmef.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein biologics are powerful therapeutic agents with diverse inhibitory and enzymatic functions. However, their clinical use has been limited to extracellular applications due to their inability to cross plasma membranes. Overcoming this physiological barrier would unlock the potential of protein drugs for the treatment of many intractable diseases. In this review, we highlight progress made toward achieving cytosolic delivery of recombinant proteins. We start by first considering intracellular protein delivery as a drug modality compared to existing Food and Drug Administration-approved drug modalities. Then, we summarize strategies that have been reported to achieve protein internalization. These techniques can be broadly classified into 3 categories: physical methods, direct protein engineering, and nanocarrier-mediated delivery. Finally, we highlight existing challenges for cytosolic protein delivery and offer an outlook for future advances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Tsourkas
- Department of Bioengineering,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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7
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Zheng Q, Ma T, Wang M. Unleashing the Power of Proenzyme Delivery for Targeted Therapeutic Applications Using Biodegradable Lipid Nanoparticles. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:208-221. [PMID: 38143330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Proenzymes, functioning as inactive precursor forms of enzymes, hold significant promise for regulating essential biological processes. Their inherent property of latency, remaining inert until they arrive at the intended site of action, positions them as particularly promising candidates for the development of targeted therapeutics. Despite this potential, the therapeutic potential of proenzymes is challenged by designing proenzymes with excellent selectivity for disease cells. This limitation is further exacerbated by the inability of proenzymes to spontaneously cross the cell membrane, a biological barrier that impedes the cellular internalization of exogenous macromolecules. Therefore, efficacious intracellular delivery is paramount to unlocking the full therapeutic potency of proenzymes.In this Account, we first elucidate our recent advancements made in designing biodegradable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for the cell-specific delivery of biomacromolecules, including proteins and nucleic acids. Using a strategy of parallel synthesis, we have constructed an extensive library of ionizable lipids, each integrated with different biodegradable moieties. This combinatorial approach has led to the identification of LNPs that are particularly efficacious for the delivery of biomacromolecules specifically to tumor cells. This innovation capitalizes on the unique intracellular environment of cancer cells to control the degradation of LNPs, thereby ensuring the targeted release of therapeutics within tumor cells. Additionally, we discuss the structure-activity relationship governing the delivery efficacy of these LNPs and their applicability in regulating tumor cell signaling, specifically through the delivery of bacterial effector proteins.In the second segment, we aim to provide an overview of our recent contributions to the field of proenzyme design, where we have chemically tailored proteins to render them responsive to the unique milieu of tumor cells. Specifically, we elaborate on the chemical principles employed to modify proteins and DNAzymes, thereby priming them for activation in the presence of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), an enzyme that is prevalently upregulated within tumor cells. We summarize the methodologies for intracellular delivery of these proenzymes using biodegradable LNPs, both in vitro and in vivo. The concomitant intracellular delivery and activation of proenzymes are examined in the context of enhanced therapeutic outcomes and targeted CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing.In conclusion, we offer a perspective on the chemical principles that could be leveraged to optimize LNPs for tissue-specific delivery of proenzymes. We also explore chemical strategies for the irreversible modulation of proenzyme activity within living cells and in vivo. Through this discussion, we provide insights into potential avenues for overcoming existing limitations and enhancing the delivery of proenzymes using LNPs, particularly for developing tumor-targeted therapies and genome editing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhen Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100490, China
| | - Tianyu Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100490, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100490, China
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8
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Dolai J, Sarkar AR, Maity A, Mukherjee B, Jana NR. Ultrasonic Electroporation for Cells Grown on Piezoelectric Film Composed of Hydroxyapatite Nanowire and PVDF. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:59155-59164. [PMID: 38100427 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of cell impermeable exogenous material into live cells by external stimuli is critical for both biological research and therapeutic applications. Although electroporation-based delivery of foreign materials inside the cell is a powerful approach, cell viability is often compromised due to the requirement of high voltage. Here, we report a piezoelectric hydroxyapatite nanowire-embedded poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) film for ultrasonic electroporation-based delivery of foreign materials to adherent cells. We found that 9 wt % loading of hydroxyapatite nanowires into PVDF can enhance the piezoelectric property by 2-3 times (with a piezoelectric constant value of 58 pm/V) than pure PVDF/nanowire, which is comparable to commonly known piezoelectric ceramics. These films can harvest mechanical as well as ultrasound-based energy to produce electrical potential up to 2 V. This biocompatible film can be used to grow cells on top of it and for subsequent application of ultrasound to exert electric voltage on cell membrane. We found that ultrasonic exposure to adhered cells leads to reversible pore formation on cell membrane that offers intracellular delivery of FITC-dextran with 75% efficiency. The developed piezoelectric film-based ultrasonic electroporation can be used for wireless electroporation in remote areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Dolai
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Abu Raihan Sarkar
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Anupam Maity
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Buddhadev Mukherjee
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Nikhil R Jana
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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9
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Ma H, Xing F, Zhou Y, Yu P, Luo R, Xu J, Xiang Z, Rommens PM, Duan X, Ritz U. Design and fabrication of intracellular therapeutic cargo delivery systems based on nanomaterials: current status and future perspectives. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7873-7912. [PMID: 37551112 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01008b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular cargo delivery, the introduction of small molecules, proteins, and nucleic acids into a specific targeted site in a biological system, is an important strategy for deciphering cell function, directing cell fate, and reprogramming cell behavior. With the advancement of nanotechnology, many researchers use nanoparticles (NPs) to break through biological barriers to achieving efficient targeted delivery in biological systems, bringing a new way to realize efficient targeted drug delivery in biological systems. With a similar size to many biomolecules, NPs possess excellent physical and chemical properties and a certain targeting ability after functional modification on the surface of NPs. Currently, intracellular cargo delivery based on NPs has emerged as an important strategy for genome editing regimens and cell therapy. Although researchers can successfully deliver NPs into biological systems, many of them are delivered very inefficiently and are not specifically targeted. Hence, the development of efficient, target-capable, and safe nanoscale drug delivery systems to deliver therapeutic substances to cells or organs is a major challenge today. In this review, on the basis of describing the research overview and classification of NPs, we focused on the current research status of intracellular cargo delivery based on NPs in biological systems, and discuss the current problems and challenges in the delivery process of NPs in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yuxi Zhou
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Ludwigstraße 23, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Peiyun Yu
- LIMES Institute, Department of Molecular Brain Physiology and Behavior, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rong Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhou Xiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Pol Maria Rommens
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Biomatics Group, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Xin Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Ulrike Ritz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Biomatics Group, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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10
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Le Z, Pan Q, He Z, Liu H, Shi Y, Liu L, Liu Z, Ping Y, Chen Y. Direct Cytosolic Delivery of Proteins and CRISPR-Cas9 Genome Editing by Gemini Amphiphiles via Non-Endocytic Translocation Pathways. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:1313-1326. [PMID: 37521791 PMCID: PMC10375873 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of therapeutic biomacromolecules is often challenged by the poor transmembrane and limited endosomal escape. Here, we establish a combinatorial library composed of 150 molecular weight-defined gemini amphiphiles (GAs) to identify the vehicles that facilitate robust cytosolic delivery of proteins in vitro and in vivo. These GAs display similar skeletal structures but differential amphiphilicity by adjusting the length of alkyl tails, type of ionizable cationic heads, and hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of a spacer. The top candidate is highly efficient in translocating a broad spectrum of proteins with various molecular weights and isoelectric points into the cytosol. Particularly, we notice that the entry mechanism is predominantly mediated via the lipid raft-dependent membrane fusion, bypassing the classical endocytic pathway that limits the cytosolic delivery efficiency of many presently available carriers. Remarkably, the top GA candidate is capable of delivering hard-to-deliver Cas9 ribonucleoprotein in vivo, disrupting KRAS mutation in the tumor-bearing mice to inhibit tumor growth and extend their survival. Our study reveals a GA-based small-molecule carrier platform for the direct cytosolic delivery of various types of proteins for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Le
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric
Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qi Pan
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zepeng He
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric
Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong Liu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric
Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Shi
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric
Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lixin Liu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric
Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhijia Liu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric
Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuan Ping
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric
Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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11
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Haley RM, Chan A, Billingsley MM, Gong N, Padilla MS, Kim EH, Wang HH, Yin D, Wangensteen KJ, Tsourkas A, Mitchell MJ. Lipid Nanoparticle Delivery of Small Proteins for Potent In Vivo RAS Inhibition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:21877-21892. [PMID: 37115558 PMCID: PMC10727849 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Mutated RAS proteins are potent oncogenic drivers and have long been considered "undruggable". While RAS-targeting therapies have recently shown promise, there remains a clinical need for RAS inhibitors with more diverse targets. Small proteins represent a potential new therapeutic option, including K27, a designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin) engineered to inhibit RAS. However, K27 functions intracellularly and is incapable of entering the cytosol on its own, currently limiting its utility. To overcome this barrier, we have engineered a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) platform for potent delivery of functional K27-D30─a charge-modified version of the protein─intracellularly in vitro and in vivo. This system efficiently encapsulates charge-modified proteins, facilitates delivery in up to 90% of cells in vitro, and maintains potency after at least 45 days of storage. In vivo, these LNPs deliver K27-D30 to the cytosol of cancerous cells in the liver, inhibiting RAS-driven growth and ultimately reducing tumor load in an HTVI-induced mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma. This work shows that K27 holds promise as a new cancer therapeutic when delivered using this LNP platform. Furthermore, this technology has the potential to broaden the use of LNPs to include new cargo types─beyond RNA─for diverse therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Haley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Alexander Chan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - Ningqiang Gong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Marshall S. Padilla
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Emily H. Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Hejia Henry Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Dingzi Yin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902
| | - Kirk J. Wangensteen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902
| | - Andrew Tsourkas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Michael J. Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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12
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Biodegradable silica nanocapsules enable efficient nuclear-targeted delivery of native proteins for cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2023; 294:122000. [PMID: 36640541 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell nucleus is the desired subcellular organelle of many therapeutic drugs. Although numerous nanomaterial-based methods have been developed which could facilitate nuclear-targeted delivery of small-molecule drugs, few are known to be capable of delivering exogenous native proteins. Herein, we report a convenient and highly robust approach for effective nuclear-targeted delivery of native proteins/antibodies by using biodegradable silica nanocapsules (BSNPs) that were surface-modified with different nuclear localization signals (NLS) peptides. We found that, upon gaining entry to mammalian cells via endocytosis, such nanocapsules (protein@BSNP-NLS) could effectively escape from endolysosomal vesicles with the assistance of an endosomolytic peptide (i.e., L17E), accumulate in cell nuclei and release the encapsulated protein cargo with biological activities. Cloaked with HeLa cell membrane, DNase@BSNP-NLS/L17E-M (with L17E encapsulated) homologously delivered functional proteins to cancer cell nuclei in tumor-xenografted mice. In vitro and in vivo anti-tumor properties, such as long blood circulation time and effective tumor growth inhibition, indicate that the nuclear-targeted cell-membrane-cloaked BSNPs (DNase@BSNP-NLS/L17E-M) platform is a promising therapeutic approach to nuclear related diseases.
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13
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Jin J, Liu Y, Jiang C, Shen Y, Chu G, Liu C, Jiang L, Huang G, Qin Y, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Wang Y. Arbutin-modified microspheres prevent osteoarthritis progression by mobilizing local anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100370. [PMID: 35937573 PMCID: PMC9352975 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease worldwide and currently there is no effective strategy to stop its progression. It is known that oxidative stress and inflammation can promote the development of OA, and therapeutic strategies against these conditions may alleviate OA. Arbutin (ARB), a major ingredient of the Chinese medicinal herb cowberry leaf, exerts good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities yet has not been studied in OA. Here we developed ARB-loaded gelatine methacryloyl-Liposome (GM-Lipo@ARB) microspheres which showed long-term release of ARB and excellent cartilage-targeting effects. The ARB-loaded microspheres effectively reduced the inflammatory response in interleukin (IL)-1β-treated arthritic chondrocytes. Moreover, the synthesized GM-Lipo@ARB microspheres regulated cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis through anti-inflammation effect via inhibiting NF-κB signaling and anti-oxidative stress effect via activating Nrf2 pathway. Intra-articular use of GM-Lipo@ARB can effectively reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in the articular cartilage and thus, attenuating OA progression in a mouse model. The study proposed a novel ARB-laden functional microsphere, GM-Lipo@ARB, and demonstrated that this compound may be used as an alternative therapeutics for treating OA.
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14
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Proton-mediated burst of dual-drug loaded liposomes for biofilm dispersal and bacterial killing. J Control Release 2022; 352:460-471. [PMID: 36341930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of infectious biofilms to dispersants induces high bacterial concentrations in blood that may cause sepsis. Preventing sepsis requires simultaneous biofilm dispersal and bacterial killing. Here, self-targeting DCPA(2-(4-((1,5-bis(octadecenoyl)1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl)carbamoyl)pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)acetate) liposomes with complexed water were self-assembled with ciprofloxacin loaded in-membrane and PEGylated as a lipid-membrane component, together with bromelain loaded in-core. Inside biofilms, DCPA-H2O and PEGylated ciprofloxacin became protonated, disturbing the balance in the lipid-membrane to cause liposome-burst and simultaneous release of bromelain and ciprofloxacin. Simultaneous release of bromelain and ciprofloxacin enhanced bacterial killing in Staphylococcus aureus biofilms as compared with free bromelain and/or ciprofloxacin. After tail-vein injection in mice, liposomes accumulated inside intra-abdominal staphylococcal biofilms. Subsequent liposome-burst and simultaneous release of bromelain and ciprofloxacin yielded degradation of the biofilm matrix by bromelain and higher bacterial killing without inducing septic symptoms as obtained by injection of free bromelain and ciprofloxacin. This shows the advantage of simultaneous release from liposomes of bromelain and ciprofloxacin inside a biofilm.
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15
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Horn JM, Zhu Y, Ahn SY, Obermeyer AC. Self-assembly of globular proteins with intrinsically disordered protein polyelectrolytes and block copolymers. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:5759-5769. [PMID: 35912826 PMCID: PMC9446422 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00415a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered polypeptides are a versatile class of materials, combining the biocompatibility of peptides with the disordered structure and diverse phase behaviors of synthetic polymers. Synthetic polyelectrolytes are capable of complex phase behavior when mixed with oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, facilitating nanoparticle formation and bulk phase separation. However, there has been limited exploration of intrinsically disordered protein polyelectrolytes as potential bio-based replacements for synthetic polyelectrolytes. Here, we produce negatively charged, intrinsically disordered polypeptides, capable of high-yield expression in E. coli and use this intrinsically disordered peptide to produce entirely protein-based polyelectrolyte complexes. The complexes display rich phase behavior, showing sensitivity to charge density, salt concentration, temperature, and charge fraction. We characterize this behavior through a combination of turbidity assays, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. The robust expression profile and stimuli-responsive phase behavior of the intrinsically disordered peptides demonstrates their potential as easily producible, biocompatible substitutes for synthetic polyelectrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Horn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Yuncan Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - So Yeon Ahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Allie C Obermeyer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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16
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Chan A, Wang HH, Haley RM, Song C, Gonzalez-Martinez D, Bugaj L, Mitchell MJ, Tsourkas A. Cytosolic Delivery of Small Protein Scaffolds Enables Efficient Inhibition of Ras and Myc. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1104-1116. [PMID: 35225618 PMCID: PMC8983512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability to deliver small protein scaffolds intracellularly could enable the targeting and inhibition of many therapeutic targets that are not currently amenable to inhibition with small-molecule drugs. Here, we report the engineering of small protein scaffolds with anionic polypeptides (ApPs) to promote electrostatic interactions with positively charged nonviral lipid-based delivery systems. Proteins fused with ApPs are either complexed with off-the-shelf cationic lipids or encapsulated within ionizable lipid nanoparticles for highly efficient cytosolic delivery (up to 90%). The delivery of protein inhibitors is used to inhibit two common proto-oncogenes, Ras and Myc, in two cancer cell lines. This report demonstrates the feasibility of combining minimally engineered small protein scaffolds with tractable nanocarriers to inhibit intracellular proteins that are generally considered "undruggable" with current small molecule drugs and biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Chan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hejia Henry Wang
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Rebecca M. Haley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Cindy Song
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - David Gonzalez-Martinez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Lukasz Bugaj
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael J. Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Andrew Tsourkas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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17
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Horn JM, Obermeyer AC. Genetic and Covalent Protein Modification Strategies to Facilitate Intracellular Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4883-4904. [PMID: 34855385 PMCID: PMC9310055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein-based therapeutics represent a rapidly growing segment of approved disease treatments. Successful intracellular delivery of proteins is an important precondition for expanded in vivo and in vitro applications of protein therapeutics. Direct modification of proteins and peptides for improved cytosolic translocation are a promising method of increasing delivery efficiency and expanding the viability of intracellular protein therapeutics. In this Review, we present recent advances in both synthetic and genetic protein modifications for intracellular delivery. Active endocytosis-based and passive internalization pathways are discussed, followed by a review of modification methods for improved cytosolic delivery. After establishing how proteins can be modified, general strategies for facilitating intracellular delivery, such as chemical supercharging or inclusion of cell-penetrating motifs, are covered. We then outline protein modifications that promote endosomal escape. We finally examine the delivery of two potential classes of therapeutic proteins, antibodies and associated antibody fragments, and gene editing proteins, such as cas9.
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18
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Hershman RL, Li Y, Ma F, Xu Q, Van Deventer J. Intracellular Delivery of Antibodies for Selective Cell Signaling Interference. ChemMedChem 2021; 17:e202100678. [PMID: 34890114 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Many intracellular signaling events remain poorly characterized due to a general lack of tools to interfere with "undruggable" targets. Antibodies have the potential to elucidate intracellular mechanisms via targeted disruption of cell signaling cascades because of their ability to bind to a target with high specificity and affinity. However, due to their size and chemical composition, antibodies cannot innately cross the cell membrane, and thus access to the cytosol with these macromolecules has been limited. Here, we describe strategies for accessing the intracellular space with recombinant antibodies mediated by cationic lipid nanoparticles to selectively disrupt intracellular signaling events. Together, our results demonstrate the use of recombinantly produced antibodies, delivered at concentrations of 10 nM, to selectively interfere with signaling driven by a single posttranslational modification. Efficient intracellular delivery of engineered antibodies opens up possibilities for modulation of previously "undruggable" targets, including for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yamin Li
- Tufts University, Biomedical Engineering, UNITED STATES
| | - Feihe Ma
- Tufts University, Biomedical Engineering, UNITED STATES
| | - Qioabing Xu
- Tufts University, Biomedical Engineering, UNITED STATES
| | - James Van Deventer
- Tufts University, Chemical and Biological Engineering, 4 Colby St. Room 148, 02155, Medford, UNITED STATES
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19
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Shan H, Lin Q, Wang D, Sun X, Quan B, Chen X, Chen Z. 3D Printed Integrated Multi-Layer Microfluidic Chips for Ultra-High Volumetric Throughput Nanoliposome Preparation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:773705. [PMID: 34708031 PMCID: PMC8542840 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.773705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although microfluidic approaches for liposomes preparation have been developed, fabricating microfluidic devices remains expensive and time-consuming. Also, owing to the traditional layout of microchannels, the volumetric throughput of microfluidics has been greatly limited. Herein an ultra-high volumetric throughput nanoliposome preparation method using 3D printed microfluidic chips is presented. A high-resolution projection micro stereolithography (PμSL) 3D printer is applied to produce microfluidic chips with critical dimensions of 400 µm. The microchannels of the microfluidic chip adopt a three-layer layout, achieving the total flow rate (TFR) up to 474 ml min−1, which is remarkably higher than those in the reported literature. The liposome size can be as small as 80 nm. The state of flows in microchannels and the effect of turbulence on liposome formation are explored. The experimental results demonstrate that the 3D printed integrated microfluidic chip enables ultra-high volumetric throughput nanoliposome preparation and can control size efficiently, which has great potential in targeting drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Shan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qibo Lin
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Danfeng Wang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Sun
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Biao Quan
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zeyu Chen
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
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20
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Shelar SB, Dey A, Gawali SL, Dhinakaran S, Barick KC, Basu M, Uppal S, Hassan PA. Spontaneous Formation of Cationic Vesicles in Aqueous DDAB-Lecithin Mixtures for Efficient Plasmid DNA Complexation and Gene Transfection. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6005-6015. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep B. Shelar
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India 400085
| | - Anusree Dey
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India 400085
| | - Santosh L. Gawali
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India 400085
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India 400095
| | - Saravanan Dhinakaran
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India 400085
| | - Kanhu C. Barick
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India 400085
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India 400095
| | - Manidipa Basu
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India 400085
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India 400095
| | - Sheetal Uppal
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India 400085
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India 400095
| | - Puthusserickal A. Hassan
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India 400085
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India 400095
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21
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Wu Y, Jiang L, Dong Z, Chen S, Yu XY, Tang S. Intracellular Delivery of Proteins into Living Cells by Low-Molecular-Weight Polyethyleneimine. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:4197-4208. [PMID: 34188469 PMCID: PMC8232877 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s315444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intracellular protein delivery is emerging as a potential strategy to revolutionize therapeutics in the field of biomedicine, aiming at treating a wide range of diseases including cancer, inflammatory diseases and other oxidative stress-related disorders with high specificity. However, the current challenges and limitations are addressed to either synthetically or biologically through multipotency of engineering, such as protein modification, insufficient delivery of large-size proteins, deficiency or mutation of proteins, and high cytotoxicity. Methods We prepared the nanocomposites by mixing protein with PEI1200 at a certain molar ratio and demonstrated that it can deliver proteins into living cells in high efficiency and safety through the following experiments, such as dynamic light scattering, fluorescent detection, agarose gel electrophoresis, ß-Galactosidase activity detection, immunofluorescence staining, digital fluorescent detection, cell viability assay and flow cytometry. Results The self-assembly of PEI1200/protein nanocomposites with appropriate molar ratio (4:1 and 8:1) could provide efficiently delivery of active proteins to a variety of cell types in the presence of serum. The nanocomposites could continuously release protein up to 96 h in their desired intracellular locations. In addition, these nanocomposites were able to preserve protein activity while maintain low cytotoxicity (when final concentration <1 μg/mL). Conclusion Collectively, PEI1200-based delivery system provided an alternative strategy to direct protein delivery in high efficiency and safety, offering increased potential applications in clinical biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueheng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, Biomedical Engineering Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Dong
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, Biomedical Engineering Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoxian Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunqing Tang
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, Biomedical Engineering Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
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22
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Chen T, Chen H, He H, Jin T, Wang J, Ke Y. Environmentally Self-Adaptative Nanocarriers Suppress Glioma Proliferation and Stemness via Codelivery of shCD163 and Doxorubicin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:52354-52369. [PMID: 33196179 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas-devastating intracranial tumors with a dismal outcome-are in dire need of innovative treatment. Although nanodrugs have been utilized as a target therapy for certain types of solid tumors, their therapeutic effects in gliomas are limited due to the complications of the systemic circulation, blood-brain barrier (BBB), and specific glioma environment. Thus, we aimed to establish a nanoliposome adaptable to different environments by codelivery of shCD163 and doxorubicin (DOX) to treat gliomas. In this study, we first synthesized pH-sensitive DSPE-cRGD-Hz-PEG2000 to form an environmentally self-adaptative nanoliposome (cRGD-DDD Lip) via a thin film method. We used in vitro BBB models, in vitro cell uptake experiments, and in vivo biodistribution assays to confirm the long circulation time and low cell uptake of the cRGD-DDD Lip as a result of the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) shell of cRGD-DDD Lip in the neutral pH systemic circulation. Moreover, the cRGD-DDD Lip bypassed the BBB and attached to the intracranial glioma following the removal of the PEG shell and the exposure of cRGD to the weakly acidic tumor microenvironment. We further assembled the shCD163/DOX@cRGD-DDD Lip through cRGD-DDD Lip loading of shCD163 and DOX. In vitro, cell proliferation and self-renewal of glioma cells were inhibited by the shCD163/DOX@cRGD-DDD Lip due to the toxicity of DOX and the suppression of shCD163 via the CD163 pathway. In vivo, the shCD163/DOX@cRGD-DDD Lip disturbed the progression of in situ gliomas by inhibiting the growth and stemness of glioma cells and prevented the recurrence of gliomas after resection. In conclusion, the cRGD-DDD Lip may be a promising nanodrug-loading platform to cope with different environments and the shCD163/DOX@cRGD-DDD Lip may potentially be a novel nanodrug for glioma therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/chemistry
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Blood-Brain Barrier/drug effects
- Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Brain Neoplasms/mortality
- Brain Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Doxorubicin/chemistry
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Doxorubicin/therapeutic use
- Glioma/drug therapy
- Glioma/mortality
- Glioma/pathology
- Humans
- Liposomes/chemistry
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Nanoparticles/metabolism
- Oligopeptides/chemistry
- Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/chemistry
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Survival Rate
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Taoliang Chen
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Huajian Chen
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Haoqi He
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Tao Jin
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Jihui Wang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Yiquan Ke
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
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23
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Liu Z, Liang X, Liu H, Wang Z, Jiang T, Cheng Y, Wu M, Xiang D, Li Z, Wang ZL, Li L. High-Throughput and Self-Powered Electroporation System for Drug Delivery Assisted by Microfoam Electrode. ACS NANO 2020; 14:15458-15467. [PMID: 32991146 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electroporation is an effective approach for drug and gene delivery, but it is still limited by its low-throughput and severe cell damage. Herein, with a self-powered triboelectric nanogenerator as the power source, we demonstrated a high-throughput electroporation system based on the design of biocompatible and flexible polypyrrole microfoam as the electrode within the flow channel. In particular, to lower the imposed voltage, one-dimensional (1D) Ag nanowires were modified on the microfoam electrode to build up a locally enhanced electric field and reduce cell damage. The self-powered electroporation system realized a successful delivery of small and large biomolecules into different cell lines with efficiency up to 86% and cell viability over 88%. The handle throughput achieved as high as 105 cells min-1 on continuously flowed cells. The high-throughput and self-powered electroporation system is expected to have potential applications in the fields of high-throughput drug and gene delivery for in vitro isolated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xi Liang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| | - Mengqi Wu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Deli Xiang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Linlin Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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