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Jiang D, Chen Q, Ding D, Zhou Y, Xie W, Xia F, Li M, Wei J, Chen Y, Deng S. Derivation of human health and odor risk control values for soil ammonia nitrogen by incorporating solid-liquid partitioning, ammonium/ammonia equilibrium: A case study of a retired nitrogen fertilizer site in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116133. [PMID: 38394758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen fertilizer supports agricultural intensification, but its manufacturing results in substantial contaminated sites. Ammonia nitrogen is the main specific pollutant in retired nitrogen fertilizer sites with potential human health and odor risks. However, few studies focus on ammonia nitrogen risk assessment at contaminated sites, particularly considering its solid-liquid partitioning process (Kd) and ammonium/ammonia equilibrium process (R) in the soil. This study took a closed nitrogen fertilizer factory site as an example and innovatively introduced Kd and R to scientifically assess the human health and odor risk of ammonia nitrogen. The risk control values (RCVs) of ammonia nitrogen based on human health and odor risk were also derived. The maximum concentration of ammonia nitrogen was 3380 mg/kg in the unsaturated soil, which was acceptable for human health because the health RCVs were 5589 ∼ 137,471 mg/kg in various scenarios. However, odor risk was unacceptable for RCVs were 296 ∼ 1111 mg/kg under excavation scenarios and 1118 ∼ 35,979 mg/kg under non-excavation scenarios. Of particular concern, introducing Kd and R in calculation increased the human health and odor RCVs by up to 27.92 times. Despite the advancements in ammonia risk assessment due to the introduction of Kd and R, odor risk during excavation remains a vital issue. These findings inform a more scientific assessment of soil ammonia risk at contaminated sites and provide valuable insights for the management and redevelopment of abandoned nitrogen fertilizer plant sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengdeng Jiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Da Ding
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Wenyi Xie
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Feiyang Xia
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jing Wei
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Shaopo Deng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China.
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Wang T, Fernandes SPS, Araújo J, Li X, Salonen LM, Espiña B. A carboxyl-functionalized covalent organic polymer for the efficient adsorption of saxitoxin. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131247. [PMID: 36963199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Saxitoxin (STX), the most widely distributed neurotoxin in marine waters and emerging cyanotoxin of concern in freshwaters, causes paralytic shellfish poisoning in humans upon consumption of contaminated shellfish. To allow for the efficient monitoring of this biotoxin, it is of high importance to find high-affinity materials for its adsorption. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a covalent organic polymer for the efficient adsorption of STX. Two β-keto-enamine-based materials were prepared by self-assembly of 2,4,6-triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) with 2,5-diaminobenzoic acid (Pa-COOH) to give TpPa-COOH and with 2,5-diaminotoluene (Pa-CH3) to give TpPa-CH3. The carboxylic acid functionalized TpPa-COOH outperformed the methyl-bearing counterpart TpPa-CH3 by an order of magnitude despite the higher long-range order and surface area of the latter. The adsorption of STX by TpPa-COOH was fast with equilibrium reached within 1 h, and the Langmuir adsorption model gave a calculated maximum adsorption capacity, Qm, of 5.69 mg g-1, making this material the best reported adsorbent for this toxin. More importantly, the prepared TpPa-COOH also showed good reusability and high recovery rates for STX in natural freshwater, thereby highlighting the material as a good candidate for the extraction and pre-concentration of STX from aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxing Wang
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Starch and Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Soraia P S Fernandes
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry-Network of Chemistry and Technology (LAQV-REQUIMTE), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Araújo
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Xiaoxi Li
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Starch and Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Laura M Salonen
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Department of Organic Chemistry, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Nanochemistry Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga 4715-330, Portugal.
| | - Begoña Espiña
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal.
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Mason RE, Craine JM, Lany NK, Jonard M, Ollinger SV, Groffman PM, Fulweiler RW, Angerer J, Read QD, Reich PB, Templer PH, Elmore AJ. Evidence, causes, and consequences of declining nitrogen availability in terrestrial ecosystems. Science 2022; 376:eabh3767. [PMID: 35420945 DOI: 10.1126/science.abh3767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The productivity of ecosystems and their capacity to support life depends on access to reactive nitrogen (N). Over the past century, humans have more than doubled the global supply of reactive N through industrial and agricultural activities. However, long-term records demonstrate that N availability is declining in many regions of the world. Reactive N inputs are not evenly distributed, and global changes-including elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and rising temperatures-are affecting ecosystem N supply relative to demand. Declining N availability is constraining primary productivity, contributing to lower leaf N concentrations, and reducing the quality of herbivore diets in many ecosystems. We outline the current state of knowledge about declining N availability and propose actions aimed at characterizing and responding to this emerging challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Mason
- National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, Annapolis, MD, USA
| | | | - Nina K Lany
- Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Mathieu Jonard
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Scott V Ollinger
- Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Peter M Groffman
- Advanced Science Research Center, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.,Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, USA
| | - Robinson W Fulweiler
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jay Angerer
- Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Miles City, MT, USA
| | - Quentin D Read
- National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, Annapolis, MD, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Institute for Global Change Biology and School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Andrew J Elmore
- National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, Annapolis, MD, USA.,Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, MD, USA
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Stanley J, Reading L. Nitrate dynamics in groundwater under sugarcane in a wet-tropics catchment. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05507. [PMID: 33319085 PMCID: PMC7724166 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The transport of nitrogen (N) to groundwater and surface water in the form of nitrate (NO3-), as a by-product of the application of N-rich fertilisers, has been studied extensively. Yet, in the catchments adjacent to the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) in tropical north Queensland, Australia, NO3- transport in groundwater is not regularly monitored. An assessment of groundwater chemistry in the Liverpool Creek catchment of Queensland's wet-tropics region was conducted by regular sampling and analysis of groundwater over 12 months, through wet and dry seasons. A distinct spatial variability in groundwater chemistry was observed; groundwater aquifers with very low dissolved oxygen (DO) and NO3- consistently displayed relatively higher concentrations of sulphate (SO42-), sulphur (S2-) and ferrous iron (Fe2+) and low concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (<2 ppm). Combined with averaged measured redox potential (Eh) of <250 mV, this indicates certain regions of the catchment have conditions favourable for removal of NO3- via autotrophic denitrification (DN), while other groundwater aquifers retained NO3– concentrations just above the acceptable trigger limits defined in regional water quality guidelines. Observations indicate that the naturally heterogeneous structure of the coastal alluvium contributes to the distinct variability in groundwater chemistry over small distances, with NO3- concentrations influenced by a combination of DN, lateral shallow drainage and potential adsorption to clay surfaces within the alluvial sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Stanley
- Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane City, 4000, QLD, Australia
| | - Lucy Reading
- Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane City, 4000, QLD, Australia
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