1
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Jeong M, Ko B, Jung C, Kim J, Jang J, Mun J, Lee J, Yun S, Kim S, Rho J. Printable Light-Emitting Metasurfaces with Enhanced Directional Photoluminescence. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5783-5790. [PMID: 38695397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Nanoimprint lithography is gaining popularity as a cost-efficient way to reproduce nanostructures in large quantities. Recent advances in nanoimprinting lithography using high-index nanoparticles have demonstrated replication of photonic devices, but it is difficult to confer special properties on nanostructures beyond general metasurfaces. Here, we introduce a novel method for fabricating light-emitting metasurfaces using nanoimprinting lithography. By utilizing quantum dots embedded in resin, we successfully imprint dielectric metasurfaces that function simultaneously as both emitters and resonators. This approach to incorporating quantum dots into metasurfaces demonstrates an improvement in photoluminescence characteristics compared to the situation where quantum dots and metasurfaces are independently incorporated. Design of the metasurface is specifically tailored to support photonic modes within the emission band of quantum dots with a large enhancement of photoluminescence. This study indicates that nanoimprinting lithography has the capability to construct nanostructures using functionalized nanoparticles and could be used in various fields of nanophotonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungsu Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunghwan Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyuck Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Centre for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Mun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Centre for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihae Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyeon Yun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejeong Kim
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Centre for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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2
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Wu T, Wang C, Hu G, Wang Z, Zhao J, Wang Z, Chaykun K, Liu L, Chen M, Li D, Zhu S, Xiong Q, Shen Z, Gao H, Garcia-Vidal FJ, Wei L, Wang QJ, Luo Y. Ultrastrong exciton-plasmon couplings in WS 2 multilayers synthesized with a random multi-singular metasurface at room temperature. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3295. [PMID: 38632230 PMCID: PMC11024105 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47610-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Van der Waals semiconductors exemplified by two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides have promised next-generation atomically thin optoelectronics. Boosting their interaction with light is vital for practical applications, especially in the quantum regime where ultrastrong coupling is highly demanded but not yet realized. Here we report ultrastrong exciton-plasmon coupling at room temperature in tungsten disulfide (WS2) layers loaded with a random multi-singular plasmonic metasurface deposited on a flexible polymer substrate. Different from seeking perfect metals or high-quality resonators, we create a unique type of metasurface with a dense array of singularities that can support nanometre-sized plasmonic hotspots to which several WS2 excitons coherently interact. The associated normalized coupling strength is 0.12 for monolayer WS2 and can be up to 0.164 for quadrilayers, showcasing the ultrastrong exciton-plasmon coupling that is important for practical optoelectronic devices based on low-dimensional semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chongwu Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guangwei Hu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhixun Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ksenia Chaykun
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mengxiao Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Song Zhu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zexiang Shen
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huajian Gao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francisco J Garcia-Vidal
- Departamento de Física Teorica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Connexis, 138632, Singapore.
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Qi Jie Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yu Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Microwave Photonics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.
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3
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You Q, Zhang C, Wang Y, Bi X, Li Z, Zhang L, Zhang D, Fang Y, Wang P. Biexcitons-plasmon coupling of Ag@Au hollow nanocube/MoS 2 heterostructures based on scattering spectra. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:9105-9115. [PMID: 38571151 DOI: 10.1364/oe.515667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The strong interaction between light and matter is one of the current research hotspots in the field of nanophotonics, and provides a suitable platform for fundamental physics research such as on nanolasers, high-precision sensing in biology, quantum communication and quantum computing. In this study, double Rabi splitting was achieved in a composite structure monolayer MoS2 and a single Ag@Au hollow nanocube (HNC) in room temperature mainly due to the two excitons in monolayer MoS2. Moreover, the tuning of the plasmon resonance peak was realized in the scattering spectrum by adjusting the thickness of the shell to ensure it matches the energy of the two excitons. Two distinct anticrossings are observed at both excitons resonances, and large double Rabi splittings (90 meV and 120 meV) are obtained successfully. The finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method was also used to simulate the scattering spectra of the nanostructures, and the simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results. Additionally, the local electromagnetic field ability of the Ag@Au hollow HNC was proved to be stronger by calculating and comparing the mode volume of different nanoparticles. Our findings provides a good platform for the realization of strong multi-mode coupling and open up a new way to construct nanoscale photonic devices.
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4
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Koo Y, Moon T, Kang M, Joo H, Lee C, Lee H, Kravtsov V, Park KD. Dynamical control of nanoscale light-matter interactions in low-dimensional quantum materials. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:30. [PMID: 38272869 PMCID: PMC10810844 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced nano-spectroscopy and -imaging have significantly advanced our understanding of low-dimensional quantum materials and their interactions with light, providing a rich insight into the underlying physics at their natural length scale. Recently, various functionalities of the plasmonic tip expand the capabilities of the nanoscopy, enabling dynamic manipulation of light-matter interactions at the nanoscale. In this review, we focus on a new paradigm of the nanoscopy, shifting from the conventional role of imaging and spectroscopy to the dynamical control approach of the tip-induced light-matter interactions. We present three different approaches of tip-induced control of light-matter interactions, such as cavity-gap control, pressure control, and near-field polarization control. Specifically, we discuss the nanoscale modifications of radiative emissions for various emitters from weak to strong coupling regime, achieved by the precise engineering of the cavity-gap. Furthermore, we introduce recent works on light-matter interactions controlled by tip-pressure and near-field polarization, especially tunability of the bandgap, crystal structure, photoluminescence quantum yield, exciton density, and energy transfer in a wide range of quantum materials. We envision that this comprehensive review not only contributes to a deeper understanding of the physics of nanoscale light-matter interactions but also offers a valuable resource to nanophotonics, plasmonics, and materials science for future technological advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonjeong Koo
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoung Moon
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingu Kang
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Huitae Joo
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjoo Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongwoo Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Vasily Kravtsov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Kyoung-Duck Park
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Zhu Y, Yang J, Abad-Arredondo J, Fernández-Domínguez AI, Garcia-Vidal FJ, Natelson D. Electroluminescence as a Probe of Strong Exciton-Plasmon Coupling in Few-Layer WSe 2. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:525-532. [PMID: 38109687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of coupled quantum excitations is of fundamental importance in realizing novel photonic and optoelectronic devices. We use electroluminescence to probe plasmon-exciton coupling in hybrid structures consisting of a nanoscale plasmonic tunnel junction and few-layer two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenide transferred onto the junction. The resulting hybrid states act as a novel dielectric environment that affects the radiative recombination of hot carriers in the plasmonic nanostructure. We determine the plexcitonic spectrum from the electroluminescence and find Rabi splittings exceeding 50 meV in the strong coupling regime. Our experimental findings are supported by electromagnetic simulations that enable us to explore systematically and in detail the emergence of plexciton polaritons as well as the polarization characteristics of their far-field emission. Electroluminescence modulated by plexciton coupling provides potential applications for engineering compact photonic devices with tunable optical and electrical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxuan Zhu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jiawei Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jaime Abad-Arredondo
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio I Fernández-Domínguez
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Garcia-Vidal
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Douglas Natelson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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6
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Ku YC, Kuo MK, Liaw JW. Streamlines of the Poynting Vector and Chirality Flux around a Plasmonic Bowtie Nanoantenna. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 14:61. [PMID: 38202516 PMCID: PMC10781037 DOI: 10.3390/nano14010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The streamlines of the energy flux (Poynting vectors) and chirality flux as well as the intensity of the electric field around various plasmonic nanostructures (nanocube, nanocuboid, nanotriangle, hexagonal nanoplate and bowtie nanoantenna) induced by a circularly polarized (CP) or linearly polarized (LP) light were studied theoretically. The boundary element method combined with the method of moment was used to solve a set of surface integral equations, based on the Stratton-Chu formulation, for analyzing the highly distorted electromagnetic (EM) field in the proximity of these nanostructures. We discovered that the winding behavior of these streamlines exhibits versatility for various modes of the surface plasmon resonance of different nanostructures. Recently, using plasmonic nanostructures to facilitate a photochemical reaction has gained significant attention, where the hot carriers (electrons) play important roles. Our findings reveal a connection between the flow pattern of energy flux and the morphology of the photochemical deposition around various plasmonic nanostructures irradiated by a CP light. For example, numerical results exhibit vertically helical streamlines of the Poynting vector around an Au nanocube and transversely twisted-roll streamlines around a nanocuboid. Additionally, the behaviors of the winding energy and chirality fluxes at the gap and corners of a plasmonic bowtie nanoantenna, implying a highly twisted EM field, depend on the polarization of the incident LP light. Our analysis of the streamlines of the Poynting vector and chirality flux offers an insight into the formation of plasmon-enhanced photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Cheng Ku
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Rd., Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Kuen Kuo
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Woei Liaw
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Rd., Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- Proton and Radiation Therapy Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
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7
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Jamshidi Z, Kargar K, Mendive-Tapia D, Vendrell O. Coupling Molecular Systems with Plasmonic Nanocavities: A Quantum Dynamics Approach. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:11367-11375. [PMID: 38078674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoparticles have the capacity to confine electromagnetic fields to the subwavelength regime and provide strong coupling with few or even a single emitter at room temperature. The photophysical properties of the emitters are highly dependent on the relative distance and orientation between them and the nanocavity. Therefore, there is a need for accurate and general light-matter interaction models capable of guiding their design in application-oriented devices. In this work, we present a Hermitian formalism within the framework of quantum dynamics and based on first-principles electronic structure calculations. Our vibronic approach considers the quantum nature of the plasmonic excitations and the dynamics of nonradiative channels to model plasmonic nanocavities and their dipolar coupling to molecular electronic states. Thus, the quantized and dissipative nature of the nanocavity is fully addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jamshidi
- Chemistry Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9516, Iran
| | - Kimia Kargar
- Chemistry Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9516, Iran
| | - David Mendive-Tapia
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oriol Vendrell
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Maciel-Escudero C, Yankovich AB, Munkhbat B, Baranov DG, Hillenbrand R, Olsson E, Aizpurua J, Shegai TO. Probing optical anapoles with fast electron beams. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8478. [PMID: 38123545 PMCID: PMC10733292 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43813-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical anapoles are intriguing charge-current distributions characterized by a strong suppression of electromagnetic radiation. They originate from the destructive interference of the radiation produced by electric and toroidal multipoles. Although anapoles in dielectric structures have been probed and mapped with a combination of near- and far-field optical techniques, their excitation using fast electron beams has not been explored so far. Here, we theoretically and experimentally analyze the excitation of optical anapoles in tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanodisks using Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM). We observe prominent dips in the electron energy loss spectra and associate them with the excitation of optical anapoles and anapole-exciton hybrids. We are able to map the anapoles excited in the WS2 nanodisks with subnanometer resolution and find that their excitation can be controlled by placing the electron beam at different positions on the nanodisk. Considering current research on the anapole phenomenon, we envision EELS in STEM to become a useful tool for accessing optical anapoles appearing in a variety of dielectric nanoresonators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Maciel-Escudero
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- CIC NanoGUNE BRTA and Department of Electricity and Electronics, Tolosa Hiribidea, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Andrew B Yankovich
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Battulga Munkhbat
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Copenhagen, 2800, Denmark
| | - Denis G Baranov
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia
| | - Rainer Hillenbrand
- CIC NanoGUNE BRTA and Department of Electricity and Electronics, Tolosa Hiribidea, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48011, Spain
| | - Eva Olsson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Javier Aizpurua
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain.
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain.
| | - Timur O Shegai
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden.
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9
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Bhuyan R, Mony J, Kotov O, Castellanos GW, Gómez Rivas J, Shegai TO, Börjesson K. The Rise and Current Status of Polaritonic Photochemistry and Photophysics. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10877-10919. [PMID: 37683254 PMCID: PMC10540218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between molecular electronic transitions and electromagnetic fields can be enlarged to the point where distinct hybrid light-matter states, polaritons, emerge. The photonic contribution to these states results in increased complexity as well as an opening to modify the photophysics and photochemistry beyond what normally can be seen in organic molecules. It is today evident that polaritons offer opportunities for molecular photochemistry and photophysics, which has caused an ever-rising interest in the field. Focusing on the experimental landmarks, this review takes its reader from the advent of the field of polaritonic chemistry, over the split into polariton chemistry and photochemistry, to present day status within polaritonic photochemistry and photophysics. To introduce the field, the review starts with a general description of light-matter interactions, how to enhance these, and what characterizes the coupling strength. Then the photochemistry and photophysics of strongly coupled systems using Fabry-Perot and plasmonic cavities are described. This is followed by a description of room-temperature Bose-Einstein condensation/polariton lasing in polaritonic systems. The review ends with a discussion on the benefits, limitations, and future developments of strong exciton-photon coupling using organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhuyan
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Mony
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Oleg Kotov
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Gabriel W. Castellanos
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir
Institute and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jaime Gómez Rivas
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir
Institute and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Timur O. Shegai
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Karl Börjesson
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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10
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Lyu PT, Yin LX, Shen YT, Gao Z, Chen HY, Xu JJ, Kang B. Plasmonic Cavity-Catalysis by Standing Hot Carrier Waves. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18912-18919. [PMID: 37584625 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating active sites of catalysts is crucial but challenging in catalysis science and engineering. Beyond the design of the composition and structure of catalysts, the confined electromagnetic field in optical cavities has recently become a promising method for catalyzing chemical reactions via strong light-matter interactions. Another form of confined electromagnetic field, the charge density wave in plasmonic cavities, however, still needs to be explored for catalysis. Here, we present an unprecedented catalytic mode based on plasmonic cavities, called plasmonic cavity-catalysis. We achieve direct control of catalytic sites in plasmonic cavities through standing hot carrier waves. Periodic catalytic hotspots are formed because of localized energy and carrier distribution and can be well tuned by cavity geometry, charge density, and excitation angle. We also found that the catalytic activity of the cavity mode increases several orders of magnitude compared with conventional plasmonic catalysis. We ultimately demonstrate that the locally concentrated long-lived hot carriers in the standing wave mode underlie the formation of the catalytic hotspots. Plasmonic cavity-catalysis provides a new approach to manipulate the catalytic sites and rates and may expand the frontier of heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Tian Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li-Xin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi-Ting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhaoshuai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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11
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Itoh T, Procházka M, Dong ZC, Ji W, Yamamoto YS, Zhang Y, Ozaki Y. Toward a New Era of SERS and TERS at the Nanometer Scale: From Fundamentals to Innovative Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1552-1634. [PMID: 36745738 PMCID: PMC9952515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) have opened a variety of exciting research fields. However, although a vast number of applications have been proposed since the two techniques were first reported, none has been applied to real practical use. This calls for an update in the recent fundamental and application studies of SERS and TERS. Thus, the goals and scope of this review are to report new directions and perspectives of SERS and TERS, mainly from the viewpoint of combining their mechanism and application studies. Regarding the recent progress in SERS and TERS, this review discusses four main topics: (1) nanometer to subnanometer plasmonic hotspots for SERS; (2) Ångström resolved TERS; (3) chemical mechanisms, i.e., charge-transfer mechanism of SERS and semiconductor-enhanced Raman scattering; and (4) the creation of a strong bridge between the mechanism studies and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamitake Itoh
- Health
and Medical Research Institute, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, 761-0395Kagawa, Japan
| | - Marek Procházka
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Zhen-Chao Dong
- Hefei
National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technique of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Wei Ji
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin145040, China
| | - Yuko S. Yamamoto
- School
of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute
of Science and Technology (JAIST), Nomi, 923-1292Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yao Zhang
- Hefei
National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technique of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- School of
Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei
Gakuin University, 2-1,
Gakuen, Sanda, 669-1330Hyogo, Japan
- Toyota
Physical and Chemical Research Institute, Nagakute, 480-1192Aichi, Japan
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12
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Karnieli A, Tsesses S, Yu R, Rivera N, Zhao Z, Arie A, Fan S, Kaminer I. Quantum sensing of strongly coupled light-matter systems using free electrons. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd2349. [PMID: 36598994 PMCID: PMC9812396 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling in light-matter systems is a central concept in cavity quantum electrodynamics and is essential for many quantum technologies. Especially in the optical range, full control of highly connected multi-qubit systems necessitates quantum coherent probes with nanometric spatial resolution, which are currently inaccessible. Here, we propose the use of free electrons as high-resolution quantum sensors for strongly coupled light-matter systems. Shaping the free-electron wave packet enables the measurement of the quantum state of the entire hybrid systems. We specifically show how quantum interference of the free-electron wave packet gives rise to a quantum-enhanced sensing protocol for the position and dipole orientation of a subnanometer emitter inside a cavity. Our results showcase the great versatility and applicability of quantum interactions between free electrons and strongly coupled cavities, relying on the unique properties of free electrons as strongly interacting flying qubits with miniscule dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv Karnieli
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shai Tsesses
- Andrew and Erna Viterbi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Renwen Yu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicholas Rivera
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Zhexin Zhao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ady Arie
- School of Electrical Engineering, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shanhui Fan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ido Kaminer
- Andrew and Erna Viterbi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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13
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Elibol K, van Aken PA. Hybrid Graphene-Supported Aluminum Plasmonics. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11931-11943. [PMID: 35904978 PMCID: PMC9413403 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Controlled fabrication of devices for plasmonics on suspended graphene enables obtaining tunable localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs), reducing the red-shift of LSPRs, and creating hybrid 3D-2D systems promising for adjustable dipole-dipole coupling and plasmon-mediated catalysis. Here, we apply a low-cost fabrication methodology to produce patterned aluminum nanostructures (bowties and tetramers) on graphene monolayers via electron-beam lithography and trap platinum (Pt) nanoclusters (NCs) within their hotspots by thermal annealing. We reveal the LSPRs of aluminum plasmonics on graphene using electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) in a monochromated scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The LSPRs of these nanostructures are measured to be between visible and ultraviolet regions of the spectrum and are confirmed by electromagnetic simulations. The antibonding dipole and bonding dipole modes of both structures are tuned by controlling their gap size. The tetramers enable the simultaneous excitation of both antibonding and bonding dipole modes at the poles of nanoprisms, while bowties allow us to excite these modes separately either at the poles or within the hotspot. We further show that the hybrid nanocavity-NC systems are in the intermediate coupling regime providing an enhanced plasmon absorption in the Pt NCs via the energy transfer from the antibonding dipole mode to the Pt NCs. The dipole LSPR of Pt NCs also couples to the bonding-type breathing mode in bowties. Our findings suggest that these hybrid nanocavity-graphene systems are of high application potential for plasmon-mediated catalysis, surface-enhanced fluorescence, and quantum technologies.
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14
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Li JY, Li W, Liu J, Zhong J, Liu R, Chen H, Wang XH. Room-Temperature Strong Coupling Between a Single Quantum Dot and a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4686-4693. [PMID: 35638870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A single quantum dot (QD) strongly coupled with a plasmonic nanoparticle yields a promising qubit for scalable solid-state quantum information processing at room temperature. However, realizing such a strong coupling remains challenging due to the difficulty of spatial overlap of the QD excitons with the plasmonic electric fields (EFs). Here, by using a transmission electron microscope we demonstrate for the first time that this overlap can be realized by integrating a deterministic single QD with a single Au nanorod. When a wedge nanogap cavity consisting of them and the substrate is constructed, the plasmonic EFs can be more effectively "dragged" and highly confined in the QD's nanoshell where the excitons mainly reside. With these advantages, we observed the largest spectral Rabi splitting (reported so far) of ∼234 meV for a single QD strong coupling with plasmons. Our work opens a pathway to the massive construction of room-temperature strong coupling solid qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Renming Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Huanjun Chen
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xue-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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15
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Abstract
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The interaction of emitters with plasmonic cavities (PCs) has been
studied extensively during the past decade. Much of the experimental
work has focused on the weak coupling regime, manifested most importantly
by the celebrated Purcell effect, which involves a modulation of the
spontaneous emission rate of the emitter due to interaction with the
local electromagnetic density of states. Recently, there has been
a growing interest in studying hybrid emitter-PC systems in the strong-coupling
(SC) regime, in which the excited state of an emitter hybridizes with
that of the PC to generate new states termed polaritons. This phenomenon
is termed vacuum Rabi splitting (VRS) and is manifested in the spectrum
through splitting into two bands. In this Account, we discuss
SC with PCs and focus particularly
on work from our lab on the SC of quantum dots (QDs) and plasmonic
silver bowtie cavities. As bowtie structures demonstrate strong electric
field enhancement in their gaps, they facilitate approaching the SC
regime and even reaching it with just one to a few emitters placed
there. QDs are particularly advantageous for such studies, due to
their significant brightness and long lifetime under illumination.
VRS was observed in our lab by optical dark-field microspectroscopy
even in the limit of individual QDs. We further used electron energy
loss spectroscopy, a near-field spectroscopic technique, to facilitate
measuring SC not only in bright modes but also in subradiant, dark
plasmonic modes. Dark modes are expected to live longer than bright
modes and therefore should be able to store electromagnetic energy
for longer times. Photoluminescence (PL) is another useful observable
for probing
the SC regime at the single-emitter limit, as shown by several laboratories.
We recently used Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometry to demonstrate
the quantum nature of PL from QDs within PCs, verifying that the measurements
are indeed from one to three QDs. Further spectroscopic studies of
QD-PC systems in fact manifested several surprising features, indicating
discrepancies between scattering and PL spectra. These observations
pointed to the contribution of multiple excited states. Indeed, using
model simulations based on an extended Jaynes–Cummings Hamiltonian,
it was found that the involvement of a dark state of the QDs can explain
the experimental findings. Given that bright and dark states couple
to the cavity with different degrees of coupling strength, the PC
affects in a different manner each excitonic state. This yields complex
relaxation pathways and interesting dynamics. Future work should
allow us to increase the QD-PC coupling deeper
into the SC regime. This will pave the way to exciting applications
including the generation of single-photon sources and studies of cavity-induced
coherent interactions between emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ora Bitton
- Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Gilad Haran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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16
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Principle and Applications of Multimode Strong Coupling Based on Surface Plasmons. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081242. [PMID: 35457950 PMCID: PMC9024653 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, strong coupling between light and matter has transitioned from a theoretical idea to an experimental reality. This represents a new field of quantum light–matter interaction, which makes the coupling strength comparable to the transition frequencies in the system. In addition, the achievement of multimode strong coupling has led to such applications as quantum information processing, lasers, and quantum sensors. This paper introduces the theoretical principle of multimode strong coupling based on surface plasmons and reviews the research related to the multimode interactions between light and matter. Perspectives on the future development of plasmonic multimode coupling are also discussed.
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17
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OUP accepted manuscript. Microscopy (Oxf) 2022; 71:i174-i199. [DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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18
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Weissman A, Sukharev M, Salomon A. Strong coupling between an inverse bowtie Nano-Antenna and a J-aggregate. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 610:438-445. [PMID: 34929514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate strong coupling between a single or few J-aggregates and an inverse bowtie plasmonic structure, when the J-aggregate is located at a specific axial distance from the metallic surface. Three hybrid modes are clearly observed, witnessing a strong interaction, with a Rabi splitting of up to 290 meV, the precise value of which significantly depends on the orientation of the J-aggregate with respect to the symmetry axis of the plasmonic structure. We repeated our experiments with a set of triangular hole arrays, showing consistent formation of three or more hybrid modes, in good agreement with numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Weissman
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Maxim Sukharev
- College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, United States; Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Adi Salomon
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel.
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19
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Wang H, Guo Y, Zang J, Hao H, Wang L, Liu T, Bian H, Jiang R, Wen R, Li H, Tong Y, Wang H. Nanoantennas Involved Optical Plasmonic Cavity for Improved Luminescence of Quantum Dots Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44760-44767. [PMID: 34505502 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The optical plasmonic cavity (OPC) including the metallic optical nanoantennas and a metal film exhibits extreme field enhancement for the increased spontaneous emission rate of emitters. The resonance wavelength of the OPC can be easily controlled by the volume of the OPC and the localized surface plasmonic resonances (LSPRs) of the nanoantennas, facilitating the effective coupling of OPC and the emitters. However, involving the OPC into the light emission-enhanced solution-processed devices is still a difficult challenge. The trade-off between the metallic structure of OPC and the solution procedures limits the performance enhancement of the electrical-driven devices. In this work, we construct a device-compatible OPC that allows the characterization of the carrier dynamics of quantum dot (QD) films in the real devices in-suit. The radiative recombination rate and relaxation rate of carriers in QDs are increased by the LSPR effect of the silver nanocubes for luminescence enhancement. The OPC further increases the spontaneous emission rate of QD films, achieving a Purcell factor of 166 and improving the electroluminescence of the OPC-based QD light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). The design of the OPC-involved QLEDs offers a solution for addressing the limitation of fabrication of OPC-combined solution-processed optoelectronic light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jianyang Zang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Hongxing Hao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Le Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Taihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Hongtao Bian
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Ruibin Jiang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Ruijuan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Huixin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yu Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
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20
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Anantharaman SB, Jo K, Jariwala D. Exciton-Photonics: From Fundamental Science to Applications. ACS NANO 2021; 15:12628-12654. [PMID: 34310122 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductors in all dimensionalities ranging from 0D quantum dots and molecules to 3D bulk crystals support bound electron-hole pair quasiparticles termed excitons. Over the past two decades, the emergence of a variety of low-dimensional semiconductors that support excitons combined with advances in nano-optics and photonics has burgeoned an advanced area of research that focuses on engineering, imaging, and modulating the coupling between excitons and photons, resulting in the formation of hybrid quasiparticles termed exciton-polaritons. This advanced area has the potential to bring about a paradigm shift in quantum optics, as well as classical optoelectronic devices. Here, we present a review on the coupling of light in excitonic semiconductors and previous investigations of the optical properties of these hybrid quasiparticles via both far-field and near-field imaging and spectroscopy techniques. Special emphasis is given to recent advances with critical evaluation of the bottlenecks that plague various materials toward practical device implementations including quantum light sources. Our review highlights a growing need for excitonic material development together with optical engineering and imaging techniques to harness the utility of excitons and their host materials for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra B Anantharaman
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kiyoung Jo
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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21
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Brawley ZT, Storm SD, Contreras Mora DA, Pelton M, Sheldon M. Angle-independent plasmonic substrates for multi-mode vibrational strong coupling with molecular thin films. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:104305. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0039195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T. Brawley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, USA
| | - S. David Storm
- Department of Physics, UMBC (University of Maryland, Baltimore County), Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | | | - Matthew Pelton
- Department of Physics, UMBC (University of Maryland, Baltimore County), Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | - Matthew Sheldon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, USA
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22
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Complex plasmon-exciton dynamics revealed through quantum dot light emission in a nanocavity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1310. [PMID: 33637699 PMCID: PMC7910578 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic cavities can confine electromagnetic radiation to deep sub-wavelength regimes. This facilitates strong coupling phenomena to be observed at the limit of individual quantum emitters. Here, we report an extensive set of measurements of plasmonic cavities hosting one to a few semiconductor quantum dots. Scattering spectra show Rabi splitting, demonstrating that these devices are close to the strong coupling regime. Using Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometry, we observe non-classical emission, allowing us to directly determine the number of emitters in each device. Surprising features in photoluminescence spectra point to the contribution of multiple excited states. Using model simulations based on an extended Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian, we find that the involvement of a dark state of the quantum dots explains the experimental findings. The coupling of quantum emitters to plasmonic cavities thus exposes complex relaxation pathways and emerges as an unconventional means to control dynamics of quantum states.
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23
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Bitton O, Gupta SN, Cao Y, Vaskevich A, Houben L, Yelin T, Haran G. Improving the quality factors of plasmonic silver cavities for strong coupling with quantum emitters. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:014703. [PMID: 33412871 DOI: 10.1063/5.0034739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic cavities (PCs) made of metallic nanostructures can concentrate electromagnetic radiation into an ultrasmall volume, where it might strongly interact with quantum emitters. In recent years, there has been much interest in studying such a strong coupling in the limit of single emitters. However, the lossy nature of PCs, reflected in their broad spectra, limits their quality factors and hence their performance as cavities. Here, we study the effect of the adhesion layer used in the fabrication of metal nanostructures on the spectral linewidths of bowtie-structured PCs. Using dark-field microspectroscopy, as well as electron energy loss spectroscopy, it is found that a reduction in the thickness of the chromium adhesion layer we use from 3 nm to 0.1 nm decreases the linewidths of both bright and dark plasmonic modes. We further show that it is possible to fabricate bowtie PCs without any adhesion layer, in which case the linewidth may be narrowed by as much as a factor of 2. Linewidth reduction increases the quality factor of these PCs accordingly, and it is shown to facilitate reaching the strong-coupling regime with semiconductor quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ora Bitton
- Chemical Research Support Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Satyendra Nath Gupta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Alexander Vaskevich
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Lothar Houben
- Chemical Research Support Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Tamar Yelin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Gilad Haran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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24
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Horák M, Šikola T. Influence of experimental conditions on localized surface plasmon resonances measurement by electron energy loss spectroscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2020; 216:113044. [PMID: 32535410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2020.113044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combined with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) has become a standard technique to map localized surface plasmon resonances with a nanometer spatial and a sufficient energy resolution over the last 15 years. However, no experimental work discussing the influence of experimental conditions during the measurement has been published up to now. We present an experimental study of the influence of the primary beam energy and the collection semi-angle on the plasmon resonances measurement by STEM-EELS. To explore the influence of these two experimental parameters we study a series of gold rods and gold bow-tie and diabolo antennas. We discuss the impact on experimental characteristics which are important for successful detection of the plasmon peak in EELS, namely: the intensity of plasmonic signal, the signal to background ratio, and the signal to zero-loss peak ratio. We found that the primary beam energy should be high enough to suppress the scattering in the sample and at the same time should be low enough to avoid the appearance of relativistic effects. Consequently, the best results are obtained using a medium primary beam energy, in our case 120 keV, and an arbitrary collection semi-angle, as it is not a critical parameter at this primary beam energy. Our instructive overview will help microscopists in the field of plasmonics to arrange their experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Horák
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 612 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Šikola
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 612 00, Czech Republic; Institute of Physical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2, Brno 616 69, Czech Republic
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