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Korsten G, Osinga M, Pelle RA, Serweta AK, Hoogenberg B, Kampinga HH, Kapitein LC. Nuclear poly-glutamine aggregates rupture the nuclear envelope and hinder its repair. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202307142. [PMID: 39150509 PMCID: PMC11329780 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202307142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by a polyglutamine expansion of the huntingtin protein, resulting in the formation of polyglutamine aggregates. The mechanisms of toxicity that result in the complex HD pathology remain only partially understood. Here, we show that nuclear polyglutamine aggregates induce nuclear envelope (NE) blebbing and ruptures that are often repaired incompletely. These ruptures coincide with disruptions of the nuclear lamina and lead to lamina scar formation. Expansion microscopy enabled resolving the ultrastructure of nuclear aggregates and revealed polyglutamine fibrils sticking into the cytosol at rupture sites, suggesting a mechanism for incomplete repair. Furthermore, we found that NE repair factors often accumulated near nuclear aggregates, consistent with stalled repair. These findings implicate nuclear polyQ aggregate-induced loss of NE integrity as a potential contributing factor to Huntington's disease and other polyglutamine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giel Korsten
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Miriam Osinga
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Robin A Pelle
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Albert K Serweta
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Baukje Hoogenberg
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Harm H Kampinga
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lukas C Kapitein
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Centre for Living Technologies, Alliance TU/e, WUR, UU, UMC Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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2
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Zhang H, Wang X. The Role of Protein Quantity Control in Polyglutamine Spinocerebellar Ataxias. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s12311-024-01722-w. [PMID: 39052145 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-024-01722-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Polyglutamine spinocerebellar ataxias (polyQ SCAs) represent the most prevalent subtype of SCAs. The primary pathogenic mechanism is believed to be the gain-of-function neurotoxicity of polyQ proteins. Strategies such as enhancing the degradation or inhibiting the accumulation of these mutant proteins are pivotal for reducing their toxicity and slowing disease progression. The protein quality control (PQC) system, comprising primarily molecular chaperones and the ubiquitin‒proteasome system (UPS), is essential for maintaining protein homeostasis by regulating protein folding, trafficking, and degradation. Notably, polyQ proteins can disrupt the PQC system by sequestering its critical components and impairing its proteasomal functions. Therefore, restoring the PQC system through genetic or pharmacological interventions could potentially offer beneficial effects and alleviate the symptoms of the disease. Here, we will provide a review on the distribution, expression, and genetic or pharmacological intervention of protein quality control system in cellular or animal models of PolyQ SCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, China.
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3
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Bartelt LC, Fakhri M, Adamek G, Trybus M, Samelak-Czajka A, Jackowiak P, Fiszer A, Lowe CB, La Spada AR, Switonski PM. Antibody-assisted selective isolation of Purkinje cell nuclei from mouse cerebellar tissue. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100816. [PMID: 38981474 PMCID: PMC11294835 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
We developed a method that utilizes fluorescent labeling of nuclear envelopes alongside cytometry sorting for the selective isolation of Purkinje cell (PC) nuclei. Beginning with SUN1 reporter mice, we GFP-tagged envelopes to confirm that PC nuclei could be accurately separated from other cell types. We then developed an antibody-based protocol to make PC nuclear isolation more robust and adaptable to cerebellar tissues of any genotypic background. Immunofluorescent labeling of the nuclear membrane protein RanBP2 enabled the isolation of PC nuclei from C57BL/6 cerebellum. By analyzing the expression of PC markers, nuclear size, and nucleoli number, we confirmed that our method delivers a pure fraction of PC nuclei. To demonstrate its applicability, we isolated PC nuclei from spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) mice and identified transcriptional changes in known and new disease-associated genes. Access to pure PC nuclei offers insights into PC biology and pathology, including the nature of selective neuronal vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke C Bartelt
- University Program in Genetics & Genomics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Neurology, Biological Chemistry, and Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mouad Fakhri
- Department of Neuronal Cell Biology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Grazyna Adamek
- Department of Neuronal Cell Biology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Trybus
- Laboratory of Single Cell Analyses, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Samelak-Czajka
- Laboratory of Single Cell Analyses, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paulina Jackowiak
- Laboratory of Single Cell Analyses, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Fiszer
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Craig B Lowe
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Albert R La Spada
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Neurology, Biological Chemistry, and Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; UCI Center for Neurotherapeutics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Pawel M Switonski
- Department of Neuronal Cell Biology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland.
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4
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Akter M, Cui H, Hosain MA, Liu J, Duan Y, Ding B. RANBP17 Overexpression Restores Nucleocytoplasmic Transport and Ameliorates Neurodevelopment in Induced DYT1 Dystonia Motor Neurons. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1728232024. [PMID: 38438257 PMCID: PMC11007476 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1728-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
DYT1 dystonia is a debilitating neurological movement disorder, and it represents the most frequent and severe form of hereditary primary dystonia. There is currently no cure for this disease due to its unclear pathogenesis. In our previous study utilizing patient-specific motor neurons (MNs), we identified distinct cellular deficits associated with the disease, including a deformed nucleus, disrupted neurodevelopment, and compromised nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT) functions. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying these cellular impairments have remained elusive. In this study, we revealed the genome-wide changes in gene expression in DYT1 MNs through transcriptomic analysis. We found that those dysregulated genes are intricately involved in neurodevelopment and various biological processes. Interestingly, we identified that the expression level of RANBP17, a RAN-binding protein crucial for NCT regulation, exhibited a significant reduction in DYT1 MNs. By manipulating RANBP17 expression, we further demonstrated that RANBP17 plays an important role in facilitating the nuclear transport of both protein and transcript cargos in induced human neurons. Excitingly, the overexpression of RANBP17 emerged as a substantial mitigating factor, effectively restoring impaired NCT activity and rescuing neurodevelopmental deficits observed in DYT1 MNs. These findings shed light on the intricate molecular underpinnings of impaired NCT in DYT1 neurons and provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of DYT1 dystonia, potentially leading to the development of innovative treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masuma Akter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130-3932
| | - Haochen Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130-3932
| | - Md Abir Hosain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130-3932
| | - Jinmei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130-3932
| | - Yuntian Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130-3932
| | - Baojin Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130-3932
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5
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Gkekas I, Vagiona AC, Pechlivanis N, Kastrinaki G, Pliatsika K, Iben S, Xanthopoulos K, Psomopoulos FE, Andrade-Navarro MA, Petrakis S. Intranuclear inclusions of polyQ-expanded ATXN1 sequester RNA molecules. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1280546. [PMID: 38125008 PMCID: PMC10730666 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1280546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by a trinucleotide (CAG) repeat expansion in the ATXN1 gene. It is characterized by the presence of polyglutamine (polyQ) intranuclear inclusion bodies (IIBs) within affected neurons. In order to investigate the impact of polyQ IIBs in SCA1 pathogenesis, we generated a novel protein aggregation model by inducible overexpression of the mutant ATXN1(Q82) isoform in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, we developed a simple and reproducible protocol for the efficient isolation of insoluble IIBs. Biophysical characterization showed that polyQ IIBs are enriched in RNA molecules which were further identified by next-generation sequencing. Finally, a protein interaction network analysis indicated that sequestration of essential RNA transcripts within ATXN1(Q82) IIBs may affect the ribosome resulting in error-prone protein synthesis and global proteome instability. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular pathogenesis of SCA1, highlighting the role of polyQ IIBs and their impact on critical cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Gkekas
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos Pechlivanis
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Kastrinaki
- Aerosol and Particle Technology Laboratory, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Pliatsika
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sebastian Iben
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Xanthopoulos
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Fotis E. Psomopoulos
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Spyros Petrakis
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
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6
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Yang Y, Guo L, Chen L, Gong B, Jia D, Sun Q. Nuclear transport proteins: structure, function, and disease relevance. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:425. [PMID: 37945593 PMCID: PMC10636164 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper subcellular localization is crucial for the functioning of biomacromolecules, including proteins and RNAs. Nuclear transport is a fundamental cellular process that regulates the localization of many macromolecules within the nuclear or cytoplasmic compartments. In humans, approximately 60 proteins are involved in nuclear transport, including nucleoporins that form membrane-embedded nuclear pore complexes, karyopherins that transport cargoes through these complexes, and Ran system proteins that ensure directed and rapid transport. Many of these nuclear transport proteins play additional and essential roles in mitosis, biomolecular condensation, and gene transcription. Dysregulation of nuclear transport is linked to major human diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infections. Selinexor (KPT-330), an inhibitor targeting the nuclear export factor XPO1 (also known as CRM1), was approved in 2019 to treat two types of blood cancers, and dozens of clinical trials of are ongoing. This review summarizes approximately three decades of research data in this field but focuses on the structure and function of individual nuclear transport proteins from recent studies, providing a cutting-edge and holistic view on the role of nuclear transport proteins in health and disease. In-depth knowledge of this rapidly evolving field has the potential to bring new insights into fundamental biology, pathogenic mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Gong
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
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7
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Mucke HAM. Drug Repurposing Patent Applications April-June 2023. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2023; 21:288-295. [PMID: 37668595 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2023.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
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8
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Saha G, Ghosh S, Dubey VK, Saudagar P. Gene Alterations Induced by Glutamine (Q) Encoding CAG Repeats Associated with Neurodegeneration. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2575:3-23. [PMID: 36301468 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2716-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have been reported linking the role of polyglutamine (polyQ) disease-associated proteins with altered gene regulation induced by an unstable trinucleotide (CAG) repeat. Owing to their dynamic nature of expansion, these DNA repeats form secondary structures interfering with the normal cellular mechanisms like replication and transcription and, thereby, have become the underlying cause of numerous neurodegenerative disorders involving mental retardation and/or muscular or neuronal degeneration. Despite the widespread expression of the disease-causing protein, specific subsets of neurons are susceptible to specific patterns of inheritance and clinical symptoms. Although this cell-type selectivity is still elusive and less understood, it has been found that aberrant transcriptional regulation is one of the primary causes of polyQ diseases where the functions of histone-modifying complexes are disrupted. Besides, epigenetic modifications play a critical role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. In this chapter, we will be delving into how these polyQ repeats induce the self-assembly and aggregation of altered carrier proteins based on gene alterations, causing neuronal toxicity and cellular deaths. Besides, genomic instability in CAG repeats due to altered chromatin-related enzymes will be highlighted, along with epigenetic changes present in many polyQ disorders. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms in the root cause of these disorders will culminate in identifying therapeutic approaches for the treatment of these neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gundappa Saha
- Department of Basic & Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sukanya Ghosh
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikash Kumar Dubey
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prakash Saudagar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, India.
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9
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Deutsch N, Pajkos M, Erdős G, Dosztányi Z. DisCanVis: Visualizing integrated structural and functional annotations to better understand the effect of cancer mutations located within disordered proteins. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4522. [PMID: 36452990 PMCID: PMC9793970 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) play important roles in a wide range of biological processes and have been associated with various diseases, including cancer. In the last few years, cancer genome projects have systematically collected genetic variations underlying multiple cancer types. In parallel, the number and different types of disordered proteins characterized by experimental methods have also significantly increased. Nevertheless, the role of IDPs in various types of cancer is still not well understood. In this work, we present DisCanVis, a novel visualization tool for cancer mutations with a special focus on IDPs. In order to aid the interpretation of observed mutations, genome level information is combined with information about the structural and functional properties of proteins. The web server enables users to inspect individual proteins, collect examples with existing annotations of protein disorder and associated function or to discover currently uncharacterized examples with likely disease relevance. Through a REST API interface and precompiled tables the analysis can be extended to a group of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Deutsch
- Department of BiochemistryInstitute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Mátyás Pajkos
- Department of BiochemistryInstitute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Gábor Erdős
- Department of BiochemistryInstitute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Dosztányi
- Department of BiochemistryInstitute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
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10
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Dickson JR, Frosch MP, Hyman BT. Altered localization of nucleoporin 98 in primary tauopathies. Brain Commun 2022; 5:fcac334. [PMID: 36601621 PMCID: PMC9806717 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoporin 98 is a nuclear pore complex component that is mislocalized in Alzheimer's disease and the alteration in nucleoporin 98 has been attributed to tau. In order to determine if nucleoporin 98 mislocalization is a general feature of tauopathies, we assessed the localization of nucleoporin 98 in neurons in primary tauopathies, including frontotemporal lobar degeneration-tau, corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy. Immunofluorescence staining was performed on frontal cortex and occipital cortex tissue from cases of primary tauopathies and controls without neurodegenerative disease using antibodies to identify nucleoporin 98, phospho-tau (Ser202, Thr205) monoclonal antibody and neuronal marker microtubule-associated protein 2. The stained tissue was imaged by fluorescence microscopy and the number of neurons with mislocalized nucleoporin 98 and phospho-tau (Ser202, Thr205) monoclonal antibody staining was quantified. In frontal cortex tissue, all primary tauopathies examined demonstrated significantly increased numbers of neurons with abnormal localization of nucleoporin 98 along the nuclear envelope compared with control tissue. Additionally, frontotemporal lobar degeneration-tau and corticobasal degeneration in the frontal cortex demonstrated significantly increased numbers of neurons with a cytoplasmic mislocalization of nucleoporin 98 compared with control tissue. The number of neurons with mislocalized nucleoporin 98 was significantly correlated with the number of neurons with phospho-tau (Ser202, Thr205) monoclonal antibody-positive tau staining. In the occipital cortex, which is relatively spared from pathological tau accumulations in these primary tauopathies, the localization of nucleoporin 98 was not significantly altered. This study demonstrates that nucleoporin 98 mislocalization is a feature of primary tauopathies and is associated with pathological tau accumulation. In the context of prior research demonstrating nucleoporin 98 mislocalization in Alzheimer's disease and an interaction between tau and nucleoporin 98, these results further support the hypothesis that pathological tau may contribute to nucleoporin 98 mislocalization. Given the critical role of the nuclear pore complex in nucleocytoplasmic transport, the identification of nucleoporin 98 mislocalization in primary tauopathies highlights a potential pathophysiological disruption in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Dickson
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Pathology and Neurology Service, C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Correspondence to: Bradley T. Hyman Building 114, 114 16th Street Charlestown, MA 02129, USA E-mail:
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11
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Mathew B, Bathla S, Williams KR, Nairn AC. Deciphering Spatial Protein-Protein Interactions in Brain Using Proximity Labeling. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100422. [PMID: 36198386 PMCID: PMC9650050 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular biomolecular complexes including protein-protein, protein-RNA, and protein-DNA interactions regulate and execute most biological functions. In particular in brain, protein-protein interactions (PPIs) mediate or regulate virtually all nerve cell functions, such as neurotransmission, cell-cell communication, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. Perturbations of PPIs in specific subsets of neurons and glia are thought to underly a majority of neurobiological disorders. Therefore, understanding biological functions at a cellular level requires a reasonably complete catalog of all physical interactions between proteins. An enzyme-catalyzed method to biotinylate proximal interacting proteins within 10 to 300 nm of each other is being increasingly used to characterize the spatiotemporal features of complex PPIs in brain. Thus, proximity labeling has emerged recently as a powerful tool to identify proteomes in distinct cell types in brain as well as proteomes and PPIs in structures difficult to isolate, such as the synaptic cleft, axonal projections, or astrocyte-neuron junctions. In this review, we summarize recent advances in proximity labeling methods and their application to neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boby Mathew
- Yale/NIDA Neuroproteomics Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
| | - Shveta Bathla
- Yale/NIDA Neuroproteomics Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kenneth R Williams
- Yale/NIDA Neuroproteomics Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Angus C Nairn
- Yale/NIDA Neuroproteomics Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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12
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KPNB1 modulates the Machado-Joseph disease protein ataxin-3 through activation of the mitochondrial protease CLPP. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:401. [PMID: 35794401 PMCID: PMC9259533 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Machado–Joseph disease (MJD) is characterized by a pathological expansion of the polyglutamine (polyQ) tract within the ataxin-3 protein. Despite its primarily cytoplasmic localization, polyQ-expanded ataxin-3 accumulates in the nucleus and forms intranuclear aggregates in the affected neurons. Due to these histopathological hallmarks, the nucleocytoplasmic transport machinery has garnered attention as an important disease relevant mechanism. Here, we report on MJD cell model-based analysis of the nuclear transport receptor karyopherin subunit beta-1 (KPNB1) and its implications in the molecular pathogenesis of MJD. Although directly interacting with both wild-type and polyQ-expanded ataxin-3, modulating KPNB1 did not alter the intracellular localization of ataxin-3. Instead, overexpression of KPNB1 reduced ataxin-3 protein levels and the aggregate load, thereby improving cell viability. On the other hand, its knockdown and inhibition resulted in the accumulation of soluble and insoluble ataxin-3. Interestingly, the reduction of ataxin-3 was apparently based on protein fragmentation independent of the classical MJD-associated proteolytic pathways. Label-free quantitative proteomics and knockdown experiments identified mitochondrial protease CLPP as a potential mediator of the ataxin-3-degrading effect induced by KPNB1. We confirmed reduction of KPNB1 protein levels in MJD by analyzing two MJD transgenic mouse models and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from MJD patients. Our results reveal a yet undescribed regulatory function of KPNB1 in controlling the turnover of ataxin-3, thereby highlighting a new potential target of therapeutic value for MJD.
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Cendelin J, Cvetanovic M, Gandelman M, Hirai H, Orr HT, Pulst SM, Strupp M, Tichanek F, Tuma J, Manto M. Consensus Paper: Strengths and Weaknesses of Animal Models of Spinocerebellar Ataxias and Their Clinical Implications. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 21:452-481. [PMID: 34378174 PMCID: PMC9098367 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) represent a large group of hereditary degenerative diseases of the nervous system, in particular the cerebellum, and other systems that manifest with a variety of progressive motor, cognitive, and behavioral deficits with the leading symptom of cerebellar ataxia. SCAs often lead to severe impairments of the patient's functioning, quality of life, and life expectancy. For SCAs, there are no proven effective pharmacotherapies that improve the symptoms or substantially delay disease progress, i.e., disease-modifying therapies. To study SCA pathogenesis and potential therapies, animal models have been widely used and are an essential part of pre-clinical research. They mainly include mice, but also other vertebrates and invertebrates. Each animal model has its strengths and weaknesses arising from model animal species, type of genetic manipulation, and similarity to human diseases. The types of murine and non-murine models of SCAs, their contribution to the investigation of SCA pathogenesis, pathological phenotype, and therapeutic approaches including their advantages and disadvantages are reviewed in this paper. There is a consensus among the panel of experts that (1) animal models represent valuable tools to improve our understanding of SCAs and discover and assess novel therapies for this group of neurological disorders characterized by diverse mechanisms and differential degenerative progressions, (2) thorough phenotypic assessment of individual animal models is required for studies addressing therapeutic approaches, (3) comparative studies are needed to bring pre-clinical research closer to clinical trials, and (4) mouse models complement cellular and invertebrate models which remain limited in terms of clinical translation for complex neurological disorders such as SCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Cendelin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 75, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic.
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 75, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic.
| | - Marija Cvetanovic
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Mandi Gandelman
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, 175 North Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Hirokazu Hirai
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
- Viral Vector Core, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Harry T Orr
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Stefan M Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, 175 North Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Michael Strupp
- Department of Neurology and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Filip Tichanek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 75, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 75, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tuma
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 75, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
- The Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC 7843, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Mario Manto
- Unité des Ataxies Cérébelleuses, Service de Neurologie, CHU-Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium
- Service des Neurosciences, Université de Mons, UMons, Mons, Belgium
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Cellular Stress Induces Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Deficits Independent of Stress Granules. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051057. [PMID: 35625794 PMCID: PMC9138870 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress granules are non-membrane bound granules temporarily forming in the cytoplasm in response to stress. Proteins of the nucleocytoplasmic transport machinery were found in these stress granules and it was suggested that stress granules contribute to the nucleocytoplasmic transport defects in several neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a causal link between stress granule formation and nucleocytoplasmic transport deficits. Therefore, we uncoupled stress granule formation from cellular stress while studying nuclear import. This was carried out by preventing cells from assembling stress granules despite being subjected to cellular stress either by knocking down both G3BP1 and G3BP2 or by pharmacologically inhibiting stress granule formation. Conversely, we induced stress granules by overexpressing G3BP1 in the absence of cellular stress. In both conditions, nuclear import was not affected demonstrating that stress granule formation is not a direct cause of stress-induced nucleocytoplasmic transport deficits.
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Zwaka TP, Skowronska M, Richman R, Dejosez M. Ronin overexpression induces cerebellar degeneration in a mouse model of ataxia. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:269269. [PMID: 34165550 PMCID: PMC8246265 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.044834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a group of genetically heterogeneous inherited neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive ataxia and cerebellar degeneration. Here, we used a mouse model to test a possible connection between SCA and Ronin (Thap11), a polyglutamine-containing transcriptional regulator encoded in a region of human chromosome 16q22.1 that has been genetically linked to SCA type 4. We report that transgenic expression of Ronin in mouse cerebellar Purkinje cells leads to detrimental loss of these cells and the development of severe ataxia as early as 10 weeks after birth. Mechanistically, we find that several SCA-causing genes harbor Ronin DNA-binding motifs and are transcriptionally deregulated in transgenic animals. In addition, ectopic expression of Ronin in embryonic stem cells significantly increases the protein level of Ataxin-1, the protein encoded by Atxn1, alterations of which cause SCA type 1. This increase is also seen in the cerebellum of transgenic animals, although the latter was not statistically significant. Hence, our data provide evidence for a link between Ronin and SCAs, and suggest that Ronin may be involved in the development of other neurodegenerative diseases. Summary: Ronin is a polyglutamine protein encoded in a region of human chromosome 16q22.1 linked to spinocerebellar ataxia type 4. Overexpression of Ronin in mouse cerebellar Purkinje cells leads to their loss and ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Zwaka
- Department for Cell, Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Huffington Center for Cell-Based Research in Parkinson's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Marta Skowronska
- Department for Cell, Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Huffington Center for Cell-Based Research in Parkinson's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ronald Richman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marion Dejosez
- Department for Cell, Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Huffington Center for Cell-Based Research in Parkinson's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Ding B, Sepehrimanesh M. Nucleocytoplasmic Transport: Regulatory Mechanisms and the Implications in Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4165. [PMID: 33920577 PMCID: PMC8072611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT) across the nuclear envelope is precisely regulated in eukaryotic cells, and it plays critical roles in maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that dysregulations of NCT are implicated in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Huntington disease (HD). This is an emerging research field. The molecular mechanisms underlying impaired NCT and the pathogenesis leading to neurodegeneration are not clear. In this review, we comprehensively described the components of NCT machinery, including nuclear envelope (NE), nuclear pore complex (NPC), importins and exportins, RanGTPase and its regulators, and the regulatory mechanisms of nuclear transport of both protein and transcript cargos. Additionally, we discussed the possible molecular mechanisms of impaired NCT underlying aging and neurodegenerative diseases, such as ALS/FTD, HD, and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojin Ding
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 410 East Saint Mary Boulevard, Lafayette, LA 70503, USA;
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