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Josvai M, Polyak E, Kalluri M, Robertson S, Crone WC, Suzuki M. An engineered in vitro model of the human myotendinous junction. Acta Biomater 2024; 180:279-294. [PMID: 38604466 PMCID: PMC11088524 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The myotendinous junction (MTJ) is a vulnerable region at the interface of skeletal muscle and tendon that forms an integrated mechanical unit. This study presents a technique for the spatially restrictive co-culture of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived skeletal myocytes and primary tenocytes for two-dimensional modeling of the MTJ. Micropatterned lanes of extracellular matrix and a 2-well culture chamber define the initial regions of occupation. On day 1, both lines occupy less than 20 % of the initially vacant interstitial zone, referred to henceforth as the junction. Myocyte-tenocyte interdigitations are observed by day 7. Immunocytochemistry reveals enhanced organization and alignment of patterned myocyte and tenocyte features, as well as differential expression of multiple MTJ markers. On day 24, electrically stimulated junction myocytes demonstrate negative contractile strains, while positive tensile strains are exhibited by mechanically passive tenocytes at the junction. Unpatterned tenocytes distal to the junction experience significantly decreased strains in comparison to cells at the interface. Unpatterned myocytes have impaired organization and uncoordinated contractile behavior. These findings suggest that this platform is capable of inducing myocyte-tenocyte junction formation and mechanical coupling similar to the native MTJ, showing transduction of force across the cell-cell interface. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The myotendinous junction (MTJ) is an integrated structure that transduces force across the muscle-tendon boundary, making the region vulnerable to strain injury. Despite the clinical relevance, previous in vitro models of the MTJ lack the structure and mechanical accuracy of the native tissue and have difficulty transmitting force across the cell-cell interface. This study demonstrates an in vitro model of the MTJ, using spatially restrictive cues to inform human myocyte-tenocyte interactions and architecture. The model expressed MTJ markers and developed anisotropic myocyte-tenocyte integrations that resemble the native tissue and allow for force transduction from contracting myocytes to passive tenocyte regions. As such, this study presents a system capable of investigating development, injury, and pathology in the human MTJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Josvai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Centers Building, 2126, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison WI 53706, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 330 N Orchard St, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Erzsebet Polyak
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Veterinary Medicine Bldg, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Meghana Kalluri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Centers Building, 2126, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison WI 53706, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 330 N Orchard St, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Samantha Robertson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Veterinary Medicine Bldg, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Wendy C Crone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Centers Building, 2126, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison WI 53706, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 330 N Orchard St, Madison, WI 53715, USA; The Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Nuclear Engineering and Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1513 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Masatoshi Suzuki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Centers Building, 2126, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison WI 53706, USA; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Veterinary Medicine Bldg, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA; The Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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Pimentel Neto J, Batista RD, Rocha-Braga LC, Chacur M, Camargo PO, Ciena AP. The telocytes relationship with satellite cells: Extracellular vesicles mediate the myotendinous junction remodeling. Microsc Res Tech 2024. [PMID: 38501548 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The peripheral nerve injury (PNI) affects the morphology of the whole locomotor apparatus, which can reach the myotendinous junction (MTJ) interface. In the injury condition, the skeletal muscle satellite cells (SC) are triggered, activated, and proliferated to repair their structure, and in the MTJ, the telocytes (TC) are associated to support the interface with the need for remodeling; in that way, these cells can be associated with SC. The study aimed to describe the SC and TC relationship after PNI at the MTJ. Sixteen adult Wistar rats were divided into Control Group (C, n = 8) and PNI Group (PNI, n = 8), PNI was performed by the constriction of the sciatic nerve. The samples were processed for transmission electron microscopy and immunostaining analysis. In the C group was evidenced the arrangement of sarcoplasmic evaginations and invaginations, the support collagen layer with a TC inside it, and an SC through vesicles internally and externally to then. In the PNI group were observed the disarrangement of invaginations and evaginations and sarcomeres degradation at MTJ, as the disposition of telopodes adjacent and in contact to the SC with extracellular vesicles and exosomes in a characterized paracrine activity. These findings can determine a link between the TCs and the SCs at the MTJ remodeling. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Peripheral nerve injury promotes the myotendinous junction (MTJ) remodeling. The telocytes (TC) and the satellite cells (SC) are present at the myotendinous interface. TC mediated the SC activity at MTJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurandyr Pimentel Neto
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Daniel Batista
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lara Caetano Rocha-Braga
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marucia Chacur
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Oliveira Camargo
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Polican Ciena
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Wherley TJ, Thomas S, Millay DP, Saunders T, Roy S. Molecular regulation of myocyte fusion. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 158:53-82. [PMID: 38670716 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Myocyte fusion is a pivotal process in the development and regeneration of skeletal muscle. Failure during fusion can lead to a range of developmental as well as pathological consequences. This review aims to comprehensively explore the intricate processes underlying myocyte fusion, from the molecular to tissue scale. We shed light on key players, such as the muscle-specific fusogens - Myomaker and Myomixer, in addition to some lesser studied molecules contributing to myocyte fusion. Conserved across vertebrates, Myomaker and Myomixer play a crucial role in driving the merger of plasma membranes of fusing myocytes, ensuring the formation of functional muscle syncytia. Our multiscale approach also delves into broader cell and tissue dynamics that orchestrate the timing and positioning of fusion events. In addition, we explore the relevance of muscle fusogens to human health and disease. Mutations in fusogen genes have been linked to congenital myopathies, providing unique insights into the molecular basis of muscle diseases. We conclude with a discussion on potential therapeutic avenues that may emerge from manipulating the myocyte fusion process to remediate skeletal muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner J Wherley
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Serena Thomas
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Douglas P Millay
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| | - Timothy Saunders
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Sudipto Roy
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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4
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Korb A, Tajbakhsh S, Comai GE. Functional specialisation and coordination of myonuclei. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38477382 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Myofibres serve as the functional unit for locomotion, with the sarcomere as fundamental subunit. Running the entire length of this structure are hundreds of myonuclei, located at the periphery of the myofibre, juxtaposed to the plasma membrane. Myonuclear specialisation and clustering at the centre and ends of the fibre are known to be essential for muscle contraction, yet the molecular basis of this regionalisation has remained unclear. While the 'myonuclear domain hypothesis' helped explain how myonuclei can independently govern large cytoplasmic territories, novel technologies have provided granularity on the diverse transcriptional programs running simultaneously within the syncytia and added a new perspective on how myonuclei communicate. Building upon this, we explore the critical cellular and molecular sources of transcriptional and functional heterogeneity within myofibres, discussing the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on myonuclear programs. This knowledge provides new insights for understanding muscle development, repair, and disease, but also opens avenues for the development of novel and precise therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Korb
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, Stem Cells & Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Institut Pasteur, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, Stem Cells & Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Institut Pasteur, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Glenda E Comai
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, Stem Cells & Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Institut Pasteur, Paris, F-75015, France
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5
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Guilhot C, Catenacci M, Lofaro S, Rudnicki MA. The satellite cell in skeletal muscle: A story of heterogeneity. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 158:15-51. [PMID: 38670703 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly represented tissue in mammals and is composed of fibers that are extremely adaptable and capable of regeneration. This characteristic of muscle fibers is made possible by a cell type called satellite cells. Adjacent to the fibers, satellite cells are found in a quiescent state and located between the muscle fibers membrane and the basal lamina. These cells are required for the growth and regeneration of skeletal muscle through myogenesis. This process is known to be tightly sequenced from the activation to the differentiation/fusion of myofibers. However, for the past fifteen years, researchers have been interested in examining satellite cell heterogeneity and have identified different subpopulations displaying distinct characteristics based on localization, quiescence state, stemness capacity, cell-cycle progression or gene expression. A small subset of satellite cells appears to represent multipotent long-term self-renewing muscle stem cells (MuSC). All these distinctions led us to the hypothesis that the characteristics of myogenesis might not be linear and therefore may be more permissive based on the evidence that satellite cells are a heterogeneous population. In this review, we discuss the different subpopulations that exist within the satellite cell pool to highlight the heterogeneity and to gain further understanding of the myogenesis progress. Finally, we discuss the long term self-renewing MuSC subpopulation that is capable of dividing asymmetrically and discuss the molecular mechanisms regulating MuSC polarization during health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Guilhot
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marie Catenacci
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie Lofaro
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A Rudnicki
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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6
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Tong S, Sun Y, Kuang B, Wang M, Chen Z, Zhang W, Chen J. A Comprehensive Review of Muscle-Tendon Junction: Structure, Function, Injury and Repair. Biomedicines 2024; 12:423. [PMID: 38398025 PMCID: PMC10886980 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The muscle-tendon junction (MTJ) is a highly specific tissue interface where the muscle's fascia intersects with the extracellular matrix of the tendon. The MTJ functions as the particular structure facilitating the transmission of force from contractive muscle fibers to the skeletal system, enabling movement. Considering that the MTJ is continuously exposed to constant mechanical forces during physical activity, it is susceptible to injuries. Ruptures at the MTJ often accompany damage to both tendon and muscle tissues. In this review, we attempt to provide a precise definition of the MTJ, describe its subtle structure in detail, and introduce therapeutic approaches related to MTJ tissue engineering. We hope that our detailed illustration of the MTJ and summary of the representative research achievements will help researchers gain a deeper understanding of the MTJ and inspire fresh insights and breakthroughs for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Tong
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuzhi Sun
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Baian Kuang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhixuan Chen
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jialin Chen
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
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Chen G, Chen J, Qi L, Yin Y, Lin Z, Wen H, Zhang S, Xiao C, Bello SF, Zhang X, Nie Q, Luo W. Bulk and single-cell alternative splicing analyses reveal roles of TRA2B in myogenic differentiation. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13545. [PMID: 37705195 PMCID: PMC10849790 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) disruption has been linked to disorders of muscle development, as well as muscular atrophy. However, the precise changes in AS patterns that occur during myogenesis are not well understood. Here, we employed isoform long-reads RNA-seq (Iso-seq) and single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) to investigate the AS landscape during myogenesis. Our Iso-seq data identified 61,146 full-length isoforms representing 11,682 expressed genes, of which over 52% were novel. We identified 38,022 AS events, with most of these events altering coding sequences and exhibiting stage-specific splicing patterns. We identified AS dynamics in different types of muscle cells through scRNA-seq analysis, revealing genes essential for the contractile muscle system and cytoskeleton that undergo differential splicing across cell types. Gene-splicing analysis demonstrated that AS acts as a regulator, independent of changes in overall gene expression. Two isoforms of splicing factor TRA2B play distinct roles in myogenic differentiation by triggering AS of TGFBR2 to regulate canonical TGF-β signalling cascades differently. Our study provides a valuable transcriptome resource for myogenesis and reveals the complexity of AS and its regulation during myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genghua Chen
- College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro‐Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiahui Chen
- College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro‐Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lin Qi
- College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro‐Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yunqian Yin
- College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro‐Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zetong Lin
- College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro‐Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huaqiang Wen
- College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro‐Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro‐Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chuanyun Xiao
- Human and Animal PhysiologyWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Semiu Folaniyi Bello
- College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro‐Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro‐Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qinghua Nie
- College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro‐Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wen Luo
- College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro‐Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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8
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Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto M, Hirouchi H, Taniguchi S, Watanabe G, Matsunaga S, Abe S. Regeneration process of myotendinous junction injury induced by collagenase injection between Achilles tendon and soleus muscle in mice. Anat Sci Int 2024; 99:138-145. [PMID: 37987921 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-023-00748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it has become clear that peri-muscular tissues play a significant role in the deterioration of muscle function. Understanding the function and regeneration of muscle, as well as its surrounding tissues, is crucial to determining the causes of muscular illnesses. However, the regeneration process of the myotendinous junction (MTJ), the most closely related peri-muscular tissue, is still unknown. Therefore, we generated a mouse model of MTJ injury by collagenase injection and searched for the process of regeneration of the MTJ and its adjacent regions. The MTJ region was damaged by collagenase injection, which greatly increased the tendon cross sectional area. Collagenase injections increased the proportion of myofibers with a central nucleus, which is a characteristic of regenerating muscle. The collagenase injection group had myofibers with central nuclei and expressing MTJ markers. Additionally, we measured the length of MTJs using serial cross sections of the soleus muscle and discovered that MTJs at 2 weeks after collagenase injection were shorter compared to the control group, with a propensity to progressively recover their length over time. The results showed that MTJs undergo morphological regeneration even when severely damaged, and that this regeneration occurs in conjunction with muscle regeneration. We anticipate that these findings will be valuable in upcoming research on motor unit regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Genji Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shinichi Abe
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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Bai Y, Harvey T, Hu M, Bilyou C, Fan CM. Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells Co-Opt the Tenogenic Gene Scleraxis to Instruct Regeneration. bioRxiv 2023:2023.12.10.570982. [PMID: 38168349 PMCID: PMC10760055 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.10.570982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles connect bones and tendons for locomotion and posture. Understanding the regenerative processes of muscle, bone and tendon is of importance to basic research and clinical applications. Despite their interconnections, distinct transcription factors have been reported to orchestrate each tissue's developmental and regenerative processes. Here we show that Scx expression is not detectable in adult muscle stem cells (also known as satellite cells, SCs) during quiescence. Scx expression begins in activated SCs and continues throughout regenerative myogenesis after injury. By SC-specific Scx gene inactivation (ScxcKO), we show that Scx function is required for SC expansion/renewal and robust new myofiber formation after injury. We combined single-cell RNA-sequencing and CUT&RUN to identify direct Scx target genes during muscle regeneration. These target genes help explain the muscle regeneration defects of ScxcKO, and are not overlapping with Scx -target genes identified in tendon development. Together with a recent finding of a subpopulation of Scx -expressing connective tissue fibroblasts with myogenic potential during early embryogenesis, we propose that regenerative and developmental myogenesis co-opt the Scx gene via different mechanisms.
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Xu D, Wan B, Qiu K, Wang Y, Zhang X, Jiao N, Yan E, Wu J, Yu R, Gao S, Du M, Liu C, Li M, Fan G, Yin J. Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Provides Insight into Skeletal Muscle Evolution during the Selection of Muscle Characteristics. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2305080. [PMID: 37870215 PMCID: PMC10724408 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle comprises a large, heterogeneous assortment of cell populations that interact to maintain muscle homeostasis, but little is known about the mechanism that controls myogenic development in response to artificial selection. Different pig (Sus scrofa) breeds exhibit distinct muscle phenotypes resulting from domestication and selective breeding. Using unbiased single-cell transcriptomic sequencing analysis (scRNA-seq), the impact of artificial selection on cell profiles is investigated in neonatal skeletal muscle of pigs. This work provides panoramic muscle-resident cell profiles and identifies novel and breed-specific cells, mapping them on pseudotime trajectories. Artificial selection has elicited significant changes in muscle-resident cell profiles, while conserving signs of generational environmental challenges. These results suggest that fibro-adipogenic progenitors serve as a cellular interaction hub and that specific transcription factors identified here may serve as candidate target regulons for the pursuit of a specific muscle phenotype. Furthermore, a cross-species comparison of humans, mice, and pigs illustrates the conservation and divergence of mammalian muscle ontology. The findings of this study reveal shifts in cellular heterogeneity, novel cell subpopulations, and their interactions that may greatly facilitate the understanding of the mechanism underlying divergent muscle phenotypes arising from artificial selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doudou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and feedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Boyang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and feedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Kai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and feedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Yubo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and feedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and feedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
- Molecular Design Breeding Frontier Science Center of the Ministry of EducationBeijingChina
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and feedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Enfa Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and feedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Jiangwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi ProvinceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China
| | - Run Yu
- Beijing National Day SchoolBeijing100039China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal GeneticsCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Min Du
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology LaboratoryDepartment of Animal Sciences and School of Molecular BioscienceWashington State UniversityPullmanWA99164USA
| | | | - Mingzhou Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and BreedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu625014China
| | - Guoping Fan
- Department of Human GeneticsDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Jingdong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and feedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
- Molecular Design Breeding Frontier Science Center of the Ministry of EducationBeijingChina
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11
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Quan F, Liang X, Cheng M, Yang H, Liu K, He S, Sun S, Deng M, He Y, Liu W, Wang S, Zhao S, Deng L, Hou X, Zhang X, Xiao Y. Annotation of cell types (ACT): a convenient web server for cell type annotation. Genome Med 2023; 15:91. [PMID: 37924118 PMCID: PMC10623726 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The advancement of single-cell sequencing has progressed our ability to solve biological questions. Cell type annotation is of vital importance to this process, allowing for the analysis and interpretation of enormous single-cell datasets. At present, however, manual cell annotation which is the predominant approach remains limited by both speed and the requirement of expert knowledge. METHODS To address these challenges, we constructed a hierarchically organized marker map through manually curating over 26,000 cell marker entries from about 7000 publications. We then developed WISE, a weighted and integrated gene set enrichment method, to integrate the prevalence of canonical markers and ordered differentially expressed genes of specific cell types in the marker map. Benchmarking analysis suggested that our method outperformed state-of-the-art methods. RESULTS By integrating the marker map and WISE, we developed a user-friendly and convenient web server, ACT ( http://xteam.xbio.top/ACT/ or http://biocc.hrbmu.edu.cn/ACT/ ), which only takes a simple list of upregulated genes as input and provides interactive hierarchy maps, together with well-designed charts and statistical information, to accelerate the assignment of cell identities and made the results comparable to expert manual annotation. Besides, a pan-tissue marker map was constructed to assist in cell assignments in less-studied tissues. Applying ACT to three case studies showed that all cell clusters were quickly and accurately annotated, and multi-level and more refined cell types were identified. CONCLUSIONS We developed a knowledge-based resource and a corresponding method, together with an intuitive graphical web interface, for cell type annotation. We believe that ACT, emerging as a powerful tool for cell type annotation, would be widely used in single-cell research and considerably accelerate the process of cell type identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Quan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Xin Liang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Mingjiang Cheng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Huan Yang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Kun Liu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Shengyuan He
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Shangqin Sun
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Menglan Deng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yanzhen He
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Shuxiang Zhao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Lantian Deng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Xiaobo Hou
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Yun Xiao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
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12
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Arostegui M, Scott RW, Underhill TM. Hic1 identifies a specialized mesenchymal progenitor population in the embryonic limb responsible for bone superstructure formation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112325. [PMID: 37002923 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The musculoskeletal system relies on the integration of multiple components with diverse physical properties, such as striated muscle, tendon, and bone, that enable locomotion and structural stability. This relies on the emergence of specialized, but poorly characterized, interfaces between these various elements during embryonic development. Within the appendicular skeleton, we show that a subset of mesenchymal progenitors (MPs), identified by Hic1, do not contribute to the primary cartilaginous anlagen but represent the MP population, whose progeny directly contribute to the interfaces that connect bone to tendon (entheses), tendon to muscle (myotendinous junctions), and the associated superstructures. Furthermore, deletion of Hic1 leads to skeletal defects reflective of deficient muscle-bone coupling and, consequently, perturbation of ambulation. Collectively, these findings show that Hic1 identifies a unique MP population that contributes to a secondary wave of bone sculpting critical to skeletal morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Arostegui
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - R Wilder Scott
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - T Michael Underhill
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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13
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Amemiya H, Yamamoto M, Higa K, Watanabe G, Taniguchi S, Kitamura K, Jeong J, Yanagisawa N, Fukuda KI, Abe S. Effects of Myostatin on Nuclear Morphology at the Myotendinous Junction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076634. [PMID: 37047606 PMCID: PMC10094852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (Myo) is known to suppress skeletal muscle growth, and was recently reported to control tendon homeostasis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the regulatory involvement of Myo in the myotendinous junction (MTJ) in vivo and in vitro. After Achilles tendon injury in mice, we identified unexpected cell accumulation on the tendon side of the MTJ. At postoperative day 7 (POD7), the nuclei had an egg-like profile, whereas at POD28 they were spindle-shaped. The aspect ratio of nuclei on the tendon side of the MTJ differed significantly between POD7 and POD28 (p = 4.67 × 10−34). We then investigated Myo expression in the injured Achilles tendon. At the MTJ, Myo expression was significantly increased at POD28 relative to POD7 (p = 0.0309). To investigate the action of Myo in vitro, we then prepared laminated sheets of myoblasts (C2C12) and fibroblasts (NIH3T3) (a pseudo MTJ model). Myo did not affect the expression of Pax7 and desmin (markers of muscle development), scleraxis and temonodulin (markers of tendon development), or Sox9 (a common marker of muscle and tendon development) in the cell sheets. However, Myo changed the nuclear morphology of scleraxis-positive cells arrayed at the boundary between the myoblast sheet and the fibroblast sheet (aspect ratio of the cell nuclei, myostatin(+) vs. myostatin(-): p = 0.000134). Myo may strengthen the connection at the MTJ in the initial stages of growth and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Amemiya
- Division of Special Needs Dentistry and Orofacial Pain, Department of Oral Health and Clinical Science, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Kazunari Higa
- Ophthalmology/Cornea Center, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, 5-11-13 Sugano, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8513, Japan
| | - Genji Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Taniguchi
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Kei Kitamura
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Juhee Jeong
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 E. 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Nobuaki Yanagisawa
- Division of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, School of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, 820 Sannomia, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama 343-0036, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Fukuda
- Division of Special Needs Dentistry and Orofacial Pain, Department of Oral Health and Clinical Science, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Shinichi Abe
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
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14
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Bagley JR, Denes LT, McCarthy JJ, Wang ET, Murach KA. The myonuclear domain in adult skeletal muscle fibres: past, present and future. J Physiol 2023; 601:723-741. [PMID: 36629254 PMCID: PMC9931674 DOI: 10.1113/jp283658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cells in the body are mononuclear whereas skeletal muscle fibres are uniquely multinuclear. The nuclei of muscle fibres (myonuclei) are usually situated peripherally which complicates the equitable distribution of gene products. Myonuclear abundance can also change under conditions such as hypertrophy and atrophy. Specialised zones in muscle fibres have different functions and thus distinct synthetic demands from myonuclei. The complex structure and regulatory requirements of multinuclear muscle cells understandably led to the hypothesis that myonuclei govern defined 'domains' to maintain homeostasis and facilitate adaptation. The purpose of this review is to provide historical context for the myonuclear domain and evaluate its veracity with respect to mRNA and protein distribution resulting from myonuclear transcription. We synthesise insights from past and current in vitro and in vivo genetically modified models for studying the myonuclear domain under dynamic conditions. We also cover the most contemporary knowledge on mRNA and protein transport in muscle cells. Insights from emerging technologies such as single myonuclear RNA-sequencing further inform our discussion of the myonuclear domain. We broadly conclude: (1) the myonuclear domain can be flexible during muscle fibre growth and atrophy, (2) the mechanisms and role of myonuclear loss and motility deserve further consideration, (3) mRNA in muscle is actively transported via microtubules and locally restricted, but proteins may travel far from a myonucleus of origin and (4) myonuclear transcriptional specialisation extends beyond the classic neuromuscular and myotendinous populations. A deeper understanding of the myonuclear domain in muscle may promote effective therapies for ageing and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Bagley
- Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California
| | | | - John J. McCarthy
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky
| | - Eric T. Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for NeuroGenetics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Myology Institute, University of Florida
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida
| | - Kevin A. Murach
- Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Arkansas
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15
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Lipp SN, Jacobson KR, Colling HA, Tuttle TG, Miles DT, McCreery KP, Calve S. Mechanical loading is required for initiation of extracellular matrix deposition at the developing murine myotendinous junction. Matrix Biol 2023; 116:28-48. [PMID: 36709857 PMCID: PMC10218368 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The myotendinous junction (MTJ) contributes to the generation of motion by connecting muscle to tendon. At the adult MTJ, a specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) is thought to contribute to the mechanical integrity of the muscle-tendon interface, but the factors that influence MTJ formation during mammalian development are unclear. Here, we combined 3D imaging and proteomics with murine models in which muscle contractility and patterning are disrupted to resolve morphological and compositional changes in the ECM during MTJ development. We found that MTJ-specific ECM deposition can be initiated via static loading due to growth; however, it required cyclic loading to develop a mature morphology. Furthermore, the MTJ can mature without the tendon terminating into cartilage. Based on these results, we describe a model wherein MTJ development depends on mechanical loading but not insertion into an enthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Lipp
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 South Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; The Indiana University Medical Scientist/Engineer Training Program, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Kathryn R Jacobson
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Science Program, 155 S. Grant Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Haley A Colling
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder CO, 80309, United States
| | - Tyler G Tuttle
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 1111 Engineering Dr, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Dalton T Miles
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, CO 80309, United States
| | - Kaitlin P McCreery
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 1111 Engineering Dr, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Sarah Calve
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 South Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Science Program, 155 S. Grant Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 1111 Engineering Dr, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
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16
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Disser NP, Piacentini AN, De Micheli AJ, Schonk MM, Yao VJH, Deng XH, Oliver DJ, Rodeo SA. Achilles Tendons Display Region-Specific Transcriptomic Signatures Associated With Distinct Mechanical Properties. Am J Sports Med 2022; 50:3866-3874. [PMID: 36305762 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221128589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have examined the transcriptomes and mechanical properties of whole tendons in different regions of the body. However, less is known about these characteristics within a single tendon. PURPOSE To develop a regional transcriptomic atlas and evaluate the region-specific mechanical properties of Achilles tendons. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. METHODS Achilles tendons from 2-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats were used. Tendons were isolated and divided into proximal, middle, and distal thirds for RNA sequencing (n = 5). For mechanical testing, the Achilles muscle-tendon-calcaneus unit was mounted in a custom-designed materials testing system with the unit clamped over the musculotendinous junction (MTJ) and the calcaneus secured at 90° of dorsiflexion (n = 9). Tendons were stretched to 20 N at a constant speed of 0.0167 mm/s. Cross-sectional area, strain, stress, and Young modulus were determined in each tendon region. RESULTS An open-access, interactive transcriptional atlas was generated that revealed distinct gene expression signatures in each tendon region. The proximal and distal regions had the largest differences in gene expression, with 2596 genes significantly differentially regulated at least 1.5-fold (q < .01). The proximal tendon displayed increased expression of genes resembling a tendon phenotype and increased expression of nerve cell markers. The distal region displayed increases in genes involved in extracellular matrix synthesis and remodeling, immune cell regulation, and a phenotype similar to cartilage and bone. There was a 3.72-fold increase in Young modulus from the proximal to middle region (P < .01) and an additional 1.34-fold increase from the middle to distal region (P = .027). CONCLUSION Within a single tendon, there are region-specific transcriptomic signatures and mechanical properties, and there is likely a gradient in the biological and functional phenotype from the proximal origin at the MTJ to the distal insertion at the enthesis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings improve our understanding of the underlying biological heterogeneity of tendon tissue and will help inform the future targeted use of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering strategies for patients with tendon disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel P Disser
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.,McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Andrea J De Micheli
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Oncology of the Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Vincent J H Yao
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.,Sophie Davis Biomedical Education Program at CUNY School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - David J Oliver
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.,The David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Scott A Rodeo
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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17
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Yan R, Zhang H, Ma Y, Lin R, Zhou B, Zhang T, Fan C, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Fang T, Yin Z, Cai Y, Ouyang H, Chen X. Discovery of Muscle-Tendon Progenitor Subpopulation in Human Myotendinous Junction at Single-Cell Resolution. Research (Wash D C) 2022; 2022:9760390. [PMID: 36267539 PMCID: PMC9555880 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9760390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The myotendinous junction (MTJ) is a complex and special anatomical area that connects muscles and tendons, and it is also the key to repairing tendons. Nevertheless, the anatomical structure and connection structure of MTJ, the cluster and distribution of cells, and which cells are involved in repairing the tissue are still unclear. Here, we analyzed the cell subtype distribution and function of human MTJ at single-cell level. We identified four main subtypes, including stem cell, muscle, tendon, and muscle-tendon progenitor cells (MTP). The MTP subpopulation, which remains the characteristics of stem cells and also expresses muscle and tendon marker genes simultaneously, may have the potential for bidirectional differentiation. We also found the muscle-tendon progenitor cells were distributed in the shape of a transparent goblet; muscle cells first connect to the MTP and then to the tendon. And after being transplanted in the MTJ injury model, MTP exhibited strong regenerative capability. Finally, we also demonstrated the importance of mTOR signaling for MTP maintenance by in vitro addition of rapamycin and in vivo validation using mTOR-ko mice. Our research conducted a comprehensive analysis of the heterogeneity of myotendinous junction, discovered a special cluster called MTP, provided new insights into the biological significance of myotendinous junction, and laid the foundation for future research on myotendinous junction regeneration and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruojin Yan
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanzhu Ma
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruifu Lin
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Fan
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
| | - Zetao Wang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianshun Fang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
| | - Zi Yin
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youzhi Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic and Center for Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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18
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Zaffryar-eilot S, Hasson P. Lysyl Oxidases: Orchestrators of Cellular Behavior and ECM Remodeling and Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11378. [PMID: 36232685 PMCID: PMC9569843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidases have long been considered key secreted extracellular matrix modifying enzymes. As such, their activity has been associated with the crosslinking of collagens and elastin, and as a result, they have been linked to multiple developmental and pathological processes. However, numerous lines of evidence also demonstrated that members of this enzyme family are localized and are active within the cytoplasm or cell nuclei, where they regulate and participate in distinct cellular events. In this review, we focus on a few of these events and highlight the intracellular role these enzymes play. Close examination of these events, suggest that the intracellular activities of lysyl oxidases is mostly observed in processes where concomitant changes in the extracellular matrix takes place. Here, we suggest that the LOX family members act in the relay between changes in the cells’ environment and the intracellular processes that promote them or that follow.
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19
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Lin TY, Taniguchi-Sugiura Y, Murawala P, Hermann S, Tanaka EM. Inducible and tissue-specific cell labeling in Cre-ER T2 transgenic Xenopus lines. Dev Growth Differ 2022; 64:243-253. [PMID: 35581155 PMCID: PMC9328194 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Investigating cell lineage requires genetic tools that label cells in a temporal and tissue‐specific manner. The bacteriophage‐derived Cre‐ERT2/loxP system has been developed as a genetic tool for lineage tracing in many organisms. We recently reported a stable transgenic Xenopus line with a Cre‐ERT2/loxP system driven by the mouse Prrx1 (mPrrx1) enhancer to trace limb fibroblasts during the regeneration process (Prrx1:CreER line). Here we describe the detailed technological development and characterization of such line. Transgenic lines carrying a CAG promoter‐driven Cre‐ERT2/loxP system showed conditional labeling of muscle, epidermal, and interstitial cells in both the tadpole tail and the froglet leg upon 4‐hydroxytamoxifen (4OHT) treatment. We further improved the labeling efficiency in the Prrx1:CreER lines from 12.0% to 32.9% using the optimized 4OHT treatment regime. Careful histological examination showed that Prrx1:CreER lines also sparsely labeled cells in the brain, spinal cord, head dermis, and fibroblasts in the tail. This work provides the first demonstration of conditional, tissue‐specific cell labeling with the Cre‐ERT2/loxP system in stable transgenic Xenopus lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzi-Yang Lin
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.,Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yuka Taniguchi-Sugiura
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Prayag Murawala
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.,MDI Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA.,Clinic for Kidney and Hypertension Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sarah Hermann
- DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elly M Tanaka
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
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20
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Leinroth AP, Mirando AJ, Rouse D, Kobayahsi Y, Tata PR, Rueckert HE, Liao Y, Long JT, Chakkalakal JV, Hilton MJ. Identification of distinct non-myogenic skeletal-muscle-resident mesenchymal cell populations. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110785. [PMID: 35545045 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal progenitors of the lateral plate mesoderm give rise to various cell fates within limbs, including a heterogeneous group of muscle-resident mesenchymal cells. Often described as fibro-adipogenic progenitors, these cells are key players in muscle development, disease, and regeneration. To further define this cell population(s), we perform lineage/reporter analysis, flow cytometry, single-cell RNA sequencing, immunofluorescent staining, and differentiation assays on normal and injured murine muscles. Here we identify six distinct Pdgfra+ non-myogenic muscle-resident mesenchymal cell populations that fit within a bipartite differentiation trajectory from a common progenitor. One branch of the trajectory gives rise to two populations of immune-responsive mesenchymal cells with strong adipogenic potential and the capability to respond to acute and chronic muscle injury, whereas the alternative branch contains two cell populations with limited adipogenic capacity and inherent mineralizing capabilities; one of the populations displays a unique neuromuscular junction association and an ability to respond to nerve injury. Leinroth et al. explore the heterogeneity of Pdgfra+ muscle-resident mesenchymal cells, demonstrating that Pdgfra+ subpopulations have unique gene expression profiles, exhibit two distinct cell trajectories from a common progenitor, differ in their abilities to respond to muscle injuries, and show variable adipogenic and mineralizing capacities.
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21
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Tsuchiya Y, Bayer ML, Schjerling P, Soendenbroe C, Kjaer M. CRediT author statement (Author contributions)Yoshifumi Tsuchiya: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing – original draft, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition. Monika Lucia Bayer: Investigation, Resources. Peter Schjerling: Investigation, Writing – review & editing. . Casper Soendenbroe: Validation, Writing – review & editing. Michael Kjaer: Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition acquisition.Human derived tendon cells contribute to myotube formation in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2022; 417:113164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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Abstract
Artificially induced in vitro cell fusion is one essential technique that has been extensively used for biological studies. Nevertheless, there is a lack of robust and efficient method to produce fused cells efficiently. Herein, we proposed to use cell-membrane-anchored polyvalent DNA ligands (PDL) to bring cells into close proximity by forming clusters to enhance PEG-induced cell fusion. PDL of complementary sequences are separately anchored onto different population of cells through cholesterol-induced hydrophobic insertion into lipid membrane. Cells are clustered via mixing cells of complementary PDL prior to cell fusion. PDL exhibited strong stability on cell membrane, induced efficient cell clustering, and eventually achieved cell fusion efficiently in combination with PEG induction. We demonstrated homogeneous and heterogeneous cell fusion of high yield on various cell types. This report presented a programmable yet robust technique for achieving efficient cell fusion that hold great application potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Donglei Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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23
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Millay DP. Regulation of the myoblast fusion reaction for muscle development, regeneration, and adaptations. Exp Cell Res 2022; 415:113134. [PMID: 35367215 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fusion of plasma membranes is essential for skeletal muscle development, regeneration, exercise-induced adaptations, and results in a cell that contains hundreds to thousands of nuclei within a shared cytoplasm. The differentiation process in myocytes culminates in their fusion to form a new myofiber or fusion to an existing myofiber thereby contributing more synthetic material to the syncytium. The choice for two cells to fuse and become one could be a dangerous event if the two cells are not committed to an allied function. Thus, fusion events are highly regulated with positive and negative factors to fine-tune the process, and requires muscle-specific fusogens (Myomaker and Myomerger) as well as general cellular machinery to achieve the union of membranes. While a unified vertebrate myoblast fusion pathway is not yet established, recent discoveries should make this pursuit attainable. Not only does myocyte fusion impact the normal biology of skeletal muscle, but new evidence indicates dysregulation of the process impacts pathologies of skeletal muscle. Here, I will highlight the molecular players and biochemical mechanisms that drive fusion events in muscle, and discuss how this key myogenic process impacts skeletal muscle diseases.
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24
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Yamamoto M, Sakiyama K, Kitamura K, Yamamoto Y, Takagi T, Sekiya S, Watanabe G, Taniguchi S, Ogawa Y, Ishizuka S, Sugiyama Y, Takayama T, Hayashi K, Chang WJ, Abe S. Development and Regeneration of Muscle, Tendon, and Myotendinous Junctions in Striated Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3006. [PMID: 35328426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to a rapid increase in aging population in recent years, the deterioration of motor function in older adults has become an important social problem, and several studies have aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying muscle function decline. Furthermore, structural maintenance of the muscle–tendon–bone complexes in the muscle attachment sites is important for motor function, particularly for joints; however, the development and regeneration of these complexes have not been studied thoroughly and require further elucidation. Recent studies have provided insights into the roles of mesenchymal progenitors in the development and regeneration of muscles and myotendinous junctions. In particular, studies on muscles and myotendinous junctions have—through the use of the recently developed scRNA-seq—reported the presence of syncytia, thereby suggesting that fibroblasts may be transformed into myoblasts in a BMP-dependent manner. In addition, the high mobility group box 1—a DNA-binding protein found in nuclei—is reportedly involved in muscle regeneration. Furthermore, studies have identified several factors required for the formation of locomotor apparatuses, e.g., tenomodulin (Tnmd) and mohawk (Mkx), which are essential for tendon maturation.
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25
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Anderson JE. Key concepts in muscle regeneration: muscle "cellular ecology" integrates a gestalt of cellular cross-talk, motility, and activity to remodel structure and restore function. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:273-300. [PMID: 34928395 PMCID: PMC8685813 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review identifies some key concepts of muscle regeneration, viewed from perspectives of classical and modern research. Early insights noted the pattern and sequence of regeneration across species was similar, regardless of the type of injury, and differed from epimorphic limb regeneration. While potential benefits of exercise for tissue repair was debated, regeneration was not presumed to deliver functional restoration, especially after ischemia-reperfusion injury; muscle could develop fibrosis and ectopic bone and fat. Standard protocols and tools were identified as necessary for tracking injury and outcomes. Current concepts vastly extend early insights. Myogenic regeneration occurs within the environment of muscle tissue. Intercellular cross-talk generates an interactive system of cellular networks that with the extracellular matrix and local, regional, and systemic influences, forms the larger gestalt of the satellite cell niche. Regenerative potential and adaptive plasticity are overlain by epigenetically regionalized responsiveness and contributions by myogenic, endothelial, and fibroadipogenic progenitors and inflammatory and metabolic processes. Muscle architecture is a living portrait of functional regulatory hierarchies, while cellular dynamics, physical activity, and muscle-tendon-bone biomechanics arbitrate regeneration. The scope of ongoing research-from molecules and exosomes to morphology and physiology-reveals compelling new concepts in muscle regeneration that will guide future discoveries for use in application to fitness, rehabilitation, and disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy E Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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26
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Esteves de Lima J, Blavet C, Bonnin MA, Hirsinger E, Havis E, Relaix F, Duprez D. TMEM8C-mediated fusion is regionalized and regulated by NOTCH signalling during foetal myogenesis. Development 2022; 149:274065. [PMID: 35005776 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The location and regulation of fusion events within skeletal muscles during development remain unknown. Using the fusion marker myomaker (Mymk), named TMEM8C in chicken, as a readout of fusion, we identified a co-segregation of TMEM8C-positive cells and MYOG-positive cells in single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets of limbs from chicken embryos. We found that TMEM8C transcripts, MYOG transcripts and the fusion-competent MYOG-positive cells were preferentially regionalized in central regions of foetal muscles. We also identified a similar regionalization for the gene encoding the NOTCH ligand JAG2 along with an absence of NOTCH activity in TMEM8C+ fusion-competent myocytes. NOTCH function in myoblast fusion had not been addressed so far. We analysed the consequences of NOTCH inhibition for TMEM8C expression and myoblast fusion during foetal myogenesis in chicken embryos. NOTCH inhibition increased myoblast fusion and TMEM8C expression and released the transcriptional repressor HEYL from the TMEM8C regulatory regions. These results identify a regionalization of TMEM8C-dependent fusion and a molecular mechanism underlying the fusion-inhibiting effect of NOTCH in foetal myogenesis. The modulation of NOTCH activity in the fusion zone could regulate the flux of fusion events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Esteves de Lima
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, CNRS UMR7622, Developmental Biology Laboratory, Inserm U1156, F-75005 Paris, France.,Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, EnvA, EFS, AP-HP, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Cédrine Blavet
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, CNRS UMR7622, Developmental Biology Laboratory, Inserm U1156, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Ange Bonnin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, CNRS UMR7622, Developmental Biology Laboratory, Inserm U1156, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Estelle Hirsinger
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, CNRS UMR7622, Developmental Biology Laboratory, Inserm U1156, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Havis
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, CNRS UMR7622, Developmental Biology Laboratory, Inserm U1156, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Relaix
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, EnvA, EFS, AP-HP, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Delphine Duprez
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, CNRS UMR7622, Developmental Biology Laboratory, Inserm U1156, F-75005 Paris, France
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27
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Murach KA, Fry CS, Dupont-Versteegden EE, McCarthy JJ, Peterson CA. Fusion and beyond: Satellite cell contributions to loading-induced skeletal muscle adaptation. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21893. [PMID: 34480776 PMCID: PMC9293230 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101096r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Satellite cells support adult skeletal muscle fiber adaptations to loading in numerous ways. The fusion of satellite cells, driven by cell-autonomous and/or extrinsic factors, contributes new myonuclei to muscle fibers, associates with load-induced hypertrophy, and may support focal membrane damage repair and long-term myonuclear transcriptional output. Recent studies have also revealed that satellite cells communicate within their niche to mediate muscle remodeling in response to resistance exercise, regulating the activity of numerous cell types through various mechanisms such as secretory signaling and cell-cell contact. Muscular adaptation to resistance and endurance activity can be initiated and sustained for a period of time in the absence of satellite cells, but satellite cell participation is ultimately required to achieve full adaptive potential, be it growth, function, or proprioceptive coordination. While significant progress has been made in understanding the roles of satellite cells in adult muscle over the last few decades, many conclusions have been extrapolated from regeneration studies. This review highlights our current understanding of satellite cell behavior and contributions to adaptation outside of regeneration in adult muscle, as well as the roles of satellite cells beyond fusion and myonuclear accretion, which are gaining broader recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Murach
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Molecular Muscle Mass Regulation Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Christopher S Fry
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Esther E Dupont-Versteegden
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - John J McCarthy
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Charlotte A Peterson
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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