1
|
Keller W, Sárosi MB, Fanfrlík J, Straka M, Holub J, McKee ML, Hnyk D. Boron-based octahedral dication experimentally detected: DFT surface confirms its availability. RSC Adv 2023; 13:19627-19637. [PMID: 37388141 PMCID: PMC10305729 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03665k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Borane and heteroborane clusters have been known as neutral or anionic species. In contrast to them, several ten-vertex monocationic nido and closo dicarbaborane-based systems have recently emerged from the reaction of the parent bicapped-square antiprismatic dicarbaboranes with N-heterocyclic carbenes followed by the protonization of the corresponding nido intermediates. The expansion of these efforts has afforded the very first closo-dicationic octahedral phosphahexaborane along with new closo-monocationic pnictogenahexaboranes of the same shapes. All are the products of the one-pot procedure that consists in the reaction of the same carbenes with the parent closo-1,2-Pn2B4Br4 (Pn = As, P). Whereas in the case of phosphorus such a monocation appears to be a mixture of stable intermediates, and arsenahexaboranyl monocation has occurred as the final product, all of them without using any subsequent reaction. The well-established DFT/ZORA/NMR approach has unambiguously confirmed the existence of these species in solution, and computed electrostatic potentials have revealed the delocalization of the positive charge in these monocations and in the very first dication, namely within the octahedral shapes in both cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willi Keller
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Hohenheim Garbenstrasse 30 D-70599 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Menyhárt B Sárosi
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig Linnéstrasse 2 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Jindřich Fanfrlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10 Praha 6 Czech Republic
| | - Michal Straka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10 Praha 6 Czech Republic
| | - Josef Holub
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences CZ-250 68 Husinec-Řež Czech Republic
| | - Michael L McKee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | - Drahomír Hnyk
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences CZ-250 68 Husinec-Řež Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
McKee ML, Vrána J, Holub J, Fanfrlík J, Hnyk D. DFT Surface Infers Ten-Vertex Cationic Carboranes from the Corresponding Neutral closo Ten-Vertex Family: The Computed Background Confirming Their Experimental Availability. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083645. [PMID: 37110879 PMCID: PMC10141709 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern computational protocols based on the density functional theory (DFT) infer that polyhedral closo ten-vertex carboranes are key starting stationary states in obtaining ten-vertex cationic carboranes. The rearrangement of the bicapped square polyhedra into decaborane-like shapes with open hexagons in boat conformations is caused by attacks of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) on the closo motifs. Single-point computations on the stationary points found during computational examinations of the reaction pathways have clearly shown that taking the "experimental" NHCs into account requires the use of dispersion correction. Further examination has revealed that for the purposes of the description of reaction pathways in their entirety, i.e., together with all transition states and intermediates, a simplified model of NHCs is sufficient. Many of such transition states resemble in their shapes those that dictate Z-rearrangement among various isomers of closo ten-vertex carboranes. Computational results are in very good agreement with the experimental findings obtained earlier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L McKee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jan Vrána
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Holub
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-250 68 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Fanfrlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Drahomír Hnyk
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-250 68 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Perumalla DS, Ghorai S, Pal T, Hnyk D, Holub J, Jemmis ED. Rearrangement of dicarboranyl methyl cation to icosahedral C 3 B 9 H 12 + : An ab initio dynamics view. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:256-260. [PMID: 35612818 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Closo-carborane anions are prominent, whereas the cations of the same are less abundant in the literature. As these ions have similar size and are weakly coordinating, the ionic liquids of these two ions could have important applications in many areas of chemistry. In view of limited number of polyhedral carborane cations available, we revisited the rearrangement of dicarboranyl methyl cation (7-CH2 7,9-nido-C2 B9 H10 + ) using ab initio molecular dynamics calculations with metadynamics. Our simulations confirmed the concerted mechanism of the rearrangement. We believe this work will resume the interest in its synthesis and carborane cations in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sagar Ghorai
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Tanmoy Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Drahomír Hnyk
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Holub
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Eluvathingal D Jemmis
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hamdaoui M, Liu F, Cornaton Y, Lu X, Shi X, Zhang H, Liu J, Spingler B, Djukic JP, Duttwyler S. An Iridium-Stabilized Borenium Intermediate. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18359-18374. [PMID: 36173688 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exploration of new organometallic systems based on polyhedral boron clusters has the potential to solve challenging chemical problems such as the stabilization of reactive intermediates and transition-state-like species postulated for E-H (E = H, B, C, Si) bond activation reactions. We report on facile and clean B-H activation of a hydroborane by a new iridium boron cluster complex. The product of this reaction is an unprecedented and fully characterized transition metal-stabilized boron cation or borenium. Moreover, this intermediate bears an unusual intramolecular B···H interaction between the hydrogen originating from the activated hydroborane and the cyclometallated metal-bonded boron atom of the boron cluster. This B···H interaction is proposed to be an arrested insertion of hydrogen into the Bcage-metal bond and the initiation step for iridium "cage-walking" around the upper surface of the boron cluster. The "cage-walking" process is supported by the hydrogen-deuterium exchange observed at the boron cluster, and a mechanism is proposed on the basis of theoretical methods with a special focus on the role of noncovalent interactions. All new compounds were isolated and fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Key compounds were studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Hamdaoui
- Department of Chemistry, Zheijang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zheijang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yann Cornaton
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Systémique Organométalliques, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Xingyu Lu
- Instrumentation Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Xiaohuo Shi
- Instrumentation Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Instrumentation Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zheijang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Djukic
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Systémique Organométalliques, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Simon Duttwyler
- Department of Chemistry, Zheijang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Holub J, Bakardjiev M, McKee ML, Hnyk D. Ten-vertex closo-carboranes react with “wet” fluoride: a direct closo-to-arachno transformation as a result of a hydride transfer. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
6
|
Kapuściński S, Hietsoi O, Pietrzak A, Friedli AC, Kaszyński P. [ closo-B 10H 8-1,10-(COOH) 2] 2-: a building block for functional materials? Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:851-854. [PMID: 34932050 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06485a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
[closo-B10H8-1,10-(COOH)2]2- was obtained in five steps and 40% overall yield from [closo-B10H10]2-. It can be converted to [closo-B10H8-1,10-(CO)2] and subsequently to carbonium ylides [closo-B10H8-1-COOH-10-(C(NRCH2)2)]. The diacid, its derivatives, and di-ylide [closo-B10H8-1,10-(C(NHMe)2)2] are characterized by spectroscopic and single crystal XRD methods augmented with DFT results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Kapuściński
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37130, USA. .,Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Oleksandr Hietsoi
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37130, USA.
| | - Anna Pietrzak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Łódź University of Technology, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Andrienne C Friedli
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37130, USA.
| | - Piotr Kaszyński
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37130, USA. .,Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-363 Łódź, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mills HA, Alsarhan F, Ong TC, Gembicky M, Rheingold AL, Spokoyny AM. Icosahedral m-Carboranes Containing Exopolyhedral B-Se and B-Te Bonds. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:19165-19174. [PMID: 34855370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chalcogen-containing carboranes have been known for several decades and possess stable exopolyhedral B(9)-Se and B(9)-Te σ bonds despite the electron-donating ability of the B(9) vertex. While these molecules are known, little has been done to thoroughly evaluate their electrophilic and nucleophilic behavior. Herein, we report an assessment of the electrophilic reactivity of m-carboranylselenyl(II), -tellurenyl(II), and -tellurenyl(IV) chlorides and establish their reactivity pattern with Grignard reagents, alkenes, alkynes, enolates, and electron-rich arenes. These electrophilic reactions afford unique electron-rich B-Y-C (Y = Se, Te) bonding motifs not commonly found before. Furthermore, we show that m-carboranylselenolate, and even m-carboranyltellurolate, can be competent nucleophiles and participate in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Arene substitution chemistry is shown to be further extended to electron-rich species via palladium-mediated cross-coupling chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harrison A Mills
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Fadi Alsarhan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ta-Chung Ong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Milan Gembicky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Alexander M Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|